Barb Goldworm Anne Skamarock

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1 Blade Servers and Virtualization Transforming Enterprise Computing While Cutting Costs Barb Goldworm Anne Skamarock < z u h U U 3ICENTENNIAL 1 8 O 7 WILEY 2 O O 7 31CENTENNIAL n n 4 n 2 > Wiley Publishing, Inc.

Contents Acknowledgements Introduction EaHJ Technology Evolution L Chapter 1 Biades and Virtualization Building Blocks for Next-Generation Data Centers 3 What Are Biades?

2 Contents Acknowledgements Introduction EaHJ Technology Evolution L Chapter 1 Biades and Virtualization Building Blocks for Next-Generation Data Centers 3 What Are Biades? 3 Server Biades and PC Biades 4 Storage and Network Biades 5 Why Biades? 5 What Is Virtualization? 6 Why Virtualization? 6 Why Virtualization and Biades? 6 7 Chapter 2 Evolution of Computing Technology Setting the Stage 9 Recurring Themes 9 Bigger, Better, Faster, Cheaper 9 Miniaturization 10 Decentralization and Recentralization 10 Eras of Evolution 11 The Mainframe Era 11 Multiprocessing 13 Mainframe Operating Systems 13 The Personal Computer and Workstation Era 14 The Client/Server Communications Era 16 Mainframe Client/Server Evolution 16 Local Area Network Client/Server Evolution 17 The Internet Era 18 The Consolidation Era 18 xix xxi ix

x Contents Chapter 3 Part II Chapter 4 The Evolution of Technologies Storage Clustering Grid/Utility Computing Rack Servers Server Operating Systems Windows UNIX Evolution of Blade and Virtualization

3 x Contents Chapter 3 Part II Chapter 4 The Evolution of Technologies Storage Clustering Grid/Utility Computing Rack Servers Server Operating Systems Windows UNIX Evolution of Blade and Virtualization Technologies Timelines History of Blade Server Systems Before They Were Called Blades (pre-1999) Innovators and Early Adopters ( ) Impact of the Internet Bubble ( ) Niche Adopters ( ) Mainstream Re-emergence ( ) Origins of Virtualization History of Server Virtualization Market Adoption Blade Server Systems Virtualization Blade System Usage Web Services HPCC and Application Servers Database Servers Storage Usage Evolution Data Center in a Box Firewall/VPN Blades Load-Balancing Blades Ruggedized Portable Computing of Blades and Virtualization Space Consolidation and Centralization Simplification and Manageability ROI and TCO Reduced Infrastructure Cost Time to Return Reduced Operational Cost Reduced Serviceability Cost A Closer Look Blade Architecture Blade System Components Chassis

Contents Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Server Blades I/O Modules Management Modules Other Shared Modules PC Blades PC Blade Architecture KVM User-Port Solutions Thin Client Solutions Dedicated or

4 Contents Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Server Blades I/O Modules Management Modules Other Shared Modules PC Blades PC Blade Architecture KVM User-Port Solutions Thin Client Solutions Dedicated or Dynamic PC Blades? Networking and Related Technologies Networking Concepts Requirements f or Networks Error-Free Delivery High-Speed Movement Flexibility in Quality of Service Flexible Media and Signals Pathway Virtualization High Availability Types of Networks System-to-System Communication Networks: LAN, MAN, WAN System-to-Storage Networks: DAS, NAS, SAN Interprocessor Communication Networks: BAN, PAN, CAN Common Protocols Ethernet Ethernet in Blade Server Systems Fibre Channel Fibre Channel Components Fibre Channel in Blade Server Systems InfiniBand Why a New I/O Interconnect? Features and Advantages of InfiniBand InfiniBand Architecture and Components InfiniBand in Blade Server Systems RDMA Blades and Storage I/O Architectures and Buses Blades and Storage Connections Storage Options with Blade Servers Onboard Storage

xii Contents External Storage 87 Network Attached Storage (NAS) 87 Storage Area Network (SAN) 87 Storage Considerations 89 Disk or No Disk 89 Cooling and Power 89 Reliability and Maintainability 89

5 xii Contents External Storage 87 Network Attached Storage (NAS) 87 Storage Area Network (SAN) 87 Storage Considerations 89 Disk or No Disk 89 Cooling and Power 89 Reliability and Maintainability 89 Management and Provisioning 90 SAS or SATA 90 SAN or NAS 91 iscsi or FC SAN Chapter 8 Virtuaüzation 93 Definitions 94 Aggregation 94 Disaggregation/Server Virtuaüzation 94 Storage Virtuaüzation 94 Network Virtuaüzation 95 I/O Virtuaüzation on Blades 95 Server Virtuaüzation s 95 Emulation 96 Paravirtualization/Enlightened Operating Systems 96 Partitioning 96 OS Virtuaüzation 97 Hosted Approach 97 Hypervisor/Bare Metal Approach 98 Virtuaüzation Hardware-Assist 98 Managing Virtual Server s 100 Resource Monitoring and Management 100 Moving Running VMs 100 Migration Utilities 101 Virtual SMP 101 Virtual Clustering 101 Policy-Based Management 101 Virtual Desktops and Applications 102 Virtual Desktops 102 Application Virtuaüzation Chapter 9 Clustering and Blades 105 Short History of Clustering 106 Clustering Concepts 107 Multiple Computing Nodes 107 Interconnect/Network 108 Data and Storage Access 108 Clustering Software 108

Contents xiii Types of Clustering Solutions 109 High-Availability Clusters 109 Load Balancing Clusters 110 High-Performance Computing (HPC) Clusters 111 Grid Clusters 113 Other Forms of

6 Contents xiii Types of Clustering Solutions 109 High-Availability Clusters 109 Load Balancing Clusters 110 High-Performance Computing (HPC) Clusters 111 Grid Clusters 113 Other Forms of Multiprocessing with Blades Chapter 10 Managing Blade Systems 115 State of Systems Management and Blades 115 Management Model 117 Fault Management 118 Configuration Management 118 Accounting Management 118 Performance Management 119 Security Management 119 CIM and Blade Server Systems 119 Physical versus Logical 120 Blades and CIM 120 Provisioning and Bare Metal 121 In-Band versus Out-of-Band Management 122 In-Band Management 122 Out-of-Band Management 122 Baseboard Management Controllers 122 Management Service Processors (Management Modules) 123 Intelligent Platform Management Interface (IPMI) 123 Shared Management Resources in Blade Systems 123 KVMs 123 KVM over IP 124 Virtual Media 124 Management Software 124 Virtual Machine Management 124 Aggregation Management 125 Blade Management Tools Chapter 11 Industry s and Related Standards 129 Blade-Specific Work 129 Blade Systems Alliance 130 PCI Industrial Computer Manufacturers Group 130 Blade.org 130 General Standards s 131 Distributed Management Task Force 131 DMTF Standards 132 Common Information Model 132 Open Grid Forum 132 Internet Engineering Task Force 133

7 xiv Contents International Telecommunication Union 133 for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards 133 Storage Networking Industry Association 134 What's Missing in Standards Part III Hardware. Facilities, and Software Considerations L5Z Chapter 12 Assessing Your Needs Blade System Hardware Considerations 139 Blade System Considerations 139 CPU Considerations 140 Memory 142 I/O 143 Storage Chapter 13 Power and Cooling 149 Power and Cooling Improvements 151 Server Consolidation and Virtualization 151 Blade System Cooling Features 151 Chip Features (Multicore and Power Management) 151 Blade Server and Chassis Features, 152 Data Center/Facilities Planning 153 HotAisle/ColdAisle 153 Bypass Airflow 154 Ceilings and Floors 155 Supplemental Cooling 156 Physical Location 156 Additional Power Issues 157 Insufficient Power 157 Power Supply Features 157 DC Power Chapter 14 System Software Considerations 159 Virtualization 159 System Requirements in a Virtualized 160 Applications in a Virtualized 161 Choosing a Virtualization Architecture 163 Management Tools 165 Provisioning/Change Control 166 Resource Management 167 Clustering 168 High Availability Clustering 168 High Performance Computing Clusters 170 Resource Pools 171 Licensing

Contents Part IV Solutions 125 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Differentiating and Selecting Products Blade System Selection Blade System Vendors Blade Features Matrix Virtualization Software Selection Server

8 Contents Part IV Solutions 125 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Differentiating and Selecting Products Blade System Selection Blade System Vendors Blade Features Matrix Virtualization Software Selection Server Virtualization Software Vendors Virtualization-Features Matrix Key Vendor and Product Analysis Blade Server Systems IBM Creating a Blade Ecosystem Long-Term Compatibility with Broad Options Focus on Better Performance for Less Space, Power, and Cooling Automating Virtualization Management HP Third-Generation Architecture Virtualization Enhancements Dell Best at Commodity Servers Egenera A Different Architectural Approach An Innovative, Emerging Company Rackable Systems Blade Hybrid Customized Solutions Verari Systems Everything on a Blade Virtualization and Clustering Vertical Cooling Technology PANTA Systems Architected for Speed Interesting Business Model Hitachi Mainframe-Class Virtualization Scalability Centralized Management

xvi Contents Sun 232 Racks Plus 232 Transparent Management 233 Virtualization 234 234 Virtualization Software 234 VMware 234 Management as Differentiator 235 236 SWsoft 236 Performance and

9 xvi Contents Sun 232 Racks Plus 232 Transparent Management 233 Virtualization Virtualization Software 234 VMware 234 Management as Differentiator SWsoft 236 Performance and Manageability Microsoft 237 Both Hosted and Hypervisor Approaches 238 Managing MS Virtualization XenSource 239 The World According to Xen 240 Virtualization Management Virtual Iron 241 Stack It Up 241 Strong Partnerships Complementary Software 242 PlateSpin 242 The Power of Conversion Tools 242 Workload-Utilization Tools Symantec (Veritas) 243 Clustering for High Availability 243 Directing Applications PolyServe 244 Share-Everything Data Model Chapter 17 Case Studies 247 Case Study Service Provider: Software as a Service Evaluation Process

10 Contents xvii Case Study U.S. Government Installation Evaluation Process Case Study Managed Service Provider: Virtualized Utility Services Evaluation Process Case Study Large University in Australia Evaluation Process Case Study Academic Clinical Research Evaluation Case Study Concrete Accessories Manufacturer

xviii Contents Evaluation Case Study Pharmaceutical Company Evaluation Chapter 18 A Look into the Future Bigger, Better, Faster, Cheaper Hardware Chips Memory I/O Power and Cooling Chassis

11 xviii Contents Evaluation Case Study Pharmaceutical Company Evaluation Chapter 18 A Look into the Future Bigger, Better, Faster, Cheaper Hardware Chips Memory I/O Power and Cooling Chassis Virtualization and Management Ubiquitous Hypervisors? Managing Virtual s Enlightened Operating Systems Appendix A Vendor and Product Information Appendix B Standards and Specifications Glossary Bibliography Index

Blade Servers and Virtualization. Barb Goldworm Anne Skamarock. Transforming Enterprise Computing While Cutting Costs. Wiley Publishing, Inc.

Blade Servers and Virtualization Transforming Enterprise Computing While Cutting Costs Barb Goldworm Anne Skamarock Wiley Publishing, Inc. Blade Servers and Virtualization Blade Servers and Virtualization