PROGRAMMING BOOK FOR MTK85SE, 8085 MICROPROCESSOR TRAINING KIT

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "PROGRAMMING BOOK FOR MTK85SE, 8085 MICROPROCESSOR TRAINING KIT"

Julianna Norman
6 years ago
Views:

1 PROGRAMMING BOOK FOR MTKSE, 0 MICROPROCESSOR TRAINING KIT Wichit Sirichote 0 Rev.0 April, 0

2 CONTENTS Program : Writing data to output port... Program : Binary number counting... Program : LED running... Program : Fill constant to RAM... Program : -Bit Binary addition...0 Program : BCD addition... Program : Reading button press... Program : Producing tone signal... Program : Morse code keyer... Program 0: -Segment display...0 Program : Hardware interrupt... Program : Timer interrupt... 0 Micro Architecture Instruction hex code

3 Program : Writing data to output port We can use debugging LED that connected to GPIO port to display the Accumulator content easily. This code will bring the internal -bit data in CPU to the real-world. GPIO is -bit data flip-flop latch. The GPIO latch enable signal, LE is decoded at I/O space location 00. The output Q to Q drives small LED. Logic '' will make LED lit, logic '0' no light. Let us see how the code brings the Accumulator content to the real-world. Line Addr Hex code label Instruction GPIO.EQU 00H ORG 00H E 0 START MVI A, D 00 OUT GPIO FF RST END tasm: Number of errors = 0 A constant is loaded to the Accumulator register A. Then write it to GPIO location. RST will make the program control back to monitor program. Procedure. Enter Hex code from location 00 to 0.

4 . Press key HOME, then GO. What is happening at GPIO LED? Exercise. Modify the code to send another byte? And see the result on GPIO LED. Summary Using the LED indicator at the output port register is the simple method for program testing. The kit has -bit LED. The byte that needed to check must be loaded into the Accumulator then uses OUT 0, instruction to write it to the -bit binary display.

5 Program : Binary number counting How the microprocessor count the -bit binary number? Line Addr Hex code label Instruction GPIO.EQU 00H ORG 00H E 0 START MVI A, D 00 LOOP OUT GPIO C INR A C 0 JMP LOOP END tasm: Number of errors = 0 We modify Program by inserting the instruction INR A and JMP LOOP. INR A will increment the Accumulator by one. JMP LOOP will let CPU jump back to address 0. Procedure. Enter Hex code from location 00 to 0.. Press key HOME, then STEP. What is happening at GPIO LED when we STEP over location 0? We can see the counting in binary from to , and so on. STEP key will let CPU execute single instruction. If we press key GO. What is happening? All LED will look like turn on, like. If we try another program by adding a small delay between incrementing. Line Addr Hex label Instruction GPIO.EQU 00H ORG 00H E 0 START MVI A, D 00 LOOP OUT GPIO C INR A

6 000 0 CD 0B CALL DELAY C 0 JMP LOOP 00 0B 00 0B FF FF DELAY LXI D,- 00 0E 00 0 LXI H,000H 00 LOOP DAD D 00 DA JC LOOP 00 C RET END tasm: Number of errors = 0 Enter the hex code and now press key HOME, GO. We see that such small delay will make us see the binary counting. Can you modify the code to make it run faster or slower? How? Summary The small delay is very useful subroutine for program debugging. Its functioning is to do counting until the initial value becomes zero.

7 Program : LED running With a bit modification of Program, we can show the LED running light with new instruction easily. Line Addr Hex label Instruction GPIO.EQU 00H ORG 00H E 0 START MVI A, D 00 LOOP OUT GPIO RLC CD 0B CALL DELAY C 0 JMP LOOP 00 0B 00 0B FF FF DELAY LXI D,- 00 0E 00 0 LXI H,000H 00 LOOP DAD D 00 DA JC LOOP 00 C RET END tasm: Number of errors = 0 Now, INR A instruction was replaced with RLC, Rotate left through carry. Procedure. Enter hex code from location 00 to.. Press HOME, then GO. Exercise. Modify the initial load value from to any number. Test it.. Change running speed faster and slower. Summary 0 has left and right rotation instructions. We can learn theirs operation with the GPIO LED and with delay subroutine.

8 Program : Fill constant to RAM We will use memory pointer and write the constant with a number of byte counted by loop counter. Line Addr Hex code label Instruction ORG 00H START LXI H,000H ; address pointer MVI B, ; loop counter E 00 MVI A,0 ; constant LOOP MOV M,A ; write to memory INX H ; next address DCR B ; decrement counter 00 0A C 0 JNZ LOOP ; done? 00 0D 00 0D FF RST ; jump to monitor 00 0E 00 0E 00 0E.END tasm: Number of errors = 0 The 0 CPU uses HL as the -bit memory pointer (H for High address and L for Low address). The instruction MOV M,A will use HL as the pointer, register A content will copy to memory pointed to by HL. This is called indirect addressing. Register B uses as the loop counter. The example will write 0 to memory from location 000H to 00H, bytes. Procedure. Enter hex code from location 00 to 0D.. Write down the contents of memory location 000 to 00.. Press key HOME then GO.. Check and write down the contents of memory location 000 to 00. Location Before After Exercise. Modify code to fill constant FF to location 000 to 0FF. Show the result.

9 Summary Indirect addressing using HL register provides a flexible memory access for many applications.

10 Program : -Bit Binary addition This program shows how to add multiple bytes using ADI and ACI instructions. Line Addr Hex label Instruction ORG 00H START LXI H,000H E MOV A,M C ADI H MOV M,A INX H E MOV A,M CE A ACI AH 00 0B MOV M,A 00 0C FF RST 00 0D 00 0D.END tasm: Number of errors = 0 We have two -bit numbers to be added. The first number is stored in memory location 000 (low byte) and 00(high byte). The second number is -bit immediate value. AH. We can enter the first number at location 000 (low byte) and 00(high byte). Adding is done by ADI instruction for low byte and ACI for high byte. Result will put back to location 000 (low byte) and 00(high byte). Location [00] [000] + XX YY A ADI, add with no carry will use for adding low order byte. For the next higher significant byte we will use ACI, add with carry flag to include carry bit if there is. Procedure. Enter hex code from location 00 to 0A.. Suppose the first number is ABBH. Enter it to location 000(low byte) and 00(high byte).. Compute it by hand, keep the result.. Now press key HOME, then GO.. Check the result that saved in RAM at location 000(low byte) and 00(high byte). 0

11 Program : BCD addition By inserting DAA instruction after ADI and ACI instructions, we can add two -digit BCD numbers easily ORG 00H START LXI H,000H E MOV A,M C ADI H DAA MOV M,A INX H E MOV A,M 00 0A CE ACI H 00 0C DAA 00 0D MOV M,A 00 0E FF RST 00 0F 00 0F.END tasm: Number of errors = 0 We see that the code for BCD addition is similar to binary addition, only there are DAA after ADI and ACI instruction. Procedure. Enter hex code from location 00 to 0E.. Suppose the first number is H. Enter it to location 000(low byte) and 00(high byte).. Compute it by hand, keep the result.. Now press key HOME, then GO.. Check the result that saved in RAM at location 000(low byte) and 00(high byte). Location [00] [000] Exercise + XX YY. Try another BCD number that saved in RAM at 000 and 00. Summary DAA can be used with binary adding instructions. It will adjust the result to BCD number automatically.

12 Program : Reading button press We can test button press with USER key that tied to PA of the system PPI,. PA is bit of PORTA. The input logic appears at PA is logic '' with 0k pull-up resistor. When the button was pressed PA will short to GND, the logic will be '0'. We can read this status by instruction IN PORT directly. The byte will be read to the Accumulator. Our test program will read key press, then increment the byte at location 000. We can see the incrementing by writing the content of location 000 to GPIO LED. Line Addr hex code Label Instruction PORTA.EQU 0H GPIO.EQU 00H ORG 00H START LXI H,000H DB 0 PRESSED IN PORTA E 0 ANI 0H CA 0 JZ PRESSED 00 0A 00 0A CD CALL DEBOUNCE 00 0D 00 0D DB 0 READ IN PORTA 00 0F E 0 ANI 0H 00 C 0D JNZ READ CD CALL DEBOUNCE 00 CD D CALL WRITE_A 000 A 00 A C 0 JMP PRESSED 00 D 00 D WRITE_A INR M 00 E E MOV A,M

13 00 F D 00 OUT GPIO 00 C RET DEBOUNCE MVI B, DELAY DCR B 000 C JNZ DELAY 00 C RET END tasm: Number of errors = 0 Yellow portions are key press checking. The first one is to wait if key has been pressed. The status of logic at PA is checking by logical AND instruction with 0H. Bit position of PA is bit. Thus we use 0H for bit testing. If logic is '0', Result from logical AND will give ZERO. Thus JZ PRESSED will repeat checking it until it is logic '', or key has been released. Logic appears at PA could be like this. Logic '' Logic '0' Key pressed Released Tact switch is mechanical contact. It has elastic property, vibrate in a short period. The logic signal seen by CPU execution would be spike signal. Simple method to get stable logic readings is done by providing a short wait until the logic is stable. We thus insert small delay called DEBOUNCE subroutine. The second yellow portion is now checking until key was pressed. Again we also get the same bouncing signal but in opposite direction. Logic '' No press pressed Logic '0' So we wait until the logic is stable, then execute the desired task. Our task is to increment location 000, then write it to GPIO LED. Procedure. Enter hex code from location 00 to.. Now press key HOME, then GO.. Press USER key, what is happening at GPIO LED?

14 Exercise. Try reduce the delay period.

15 Program : Producing tone signal The kit has one bit that drives a small speaker. We can make a tone signal and hear it from the loudspeaker. Q is PNP transistor switch. It can drive the speaker with logic input at SPEAKER signal. Logic low of SPEAKER signal will turn on Q, and logic high will turn it off. We can write a program that makes 0% duty cycle of tone signal PORTC.EQU H ORG 00H E FF START MVI A,0FFH STA 000H A 00 0 TONE LDA 000H EE 0 XRI B 000 0A 00 0 STA 000H 00 0D D OUT PORTC 00 0F 00 0F 0 0 MVI B,0H 00 0 LOOP DCR B 00 C JNZ LOOP C 0 JMP TONE END tasm: Number of errors = 0

16 Location 000 stores a byte that will be sent to PORTC. The data is loaded with FF. We see at the circuit of PORTC, the TRACE signal must be HIGH, to prevent TRAP signal to be activated. Toggle PC is done by logical Exclusive OR instruction with a mask byte, 0H or b. Small delay is done by register B. Procedure. Enter hex code from location 00 to.. Now press key HOME, then GO.. Can you hear the tone signal? Exercise. Modify the delay period to change the tone frequency. Summary The output bit at loudspeaker is one bit. So we can make a tone signal as the square wave signal easily. For some applications that produces purely sinusoidal waveform, like sine wave tone signal, we will need more output bits and may need Digital to Analog converter chip.

17 Program : Morse code keyer Let us have some fun with Morse code keyer program. This program combines Program and. It is a simple tone generator when we press key PORTA.EQU 0H PORTC.EQU H ORG 00H E FF START MVI A,0FFH STA 000H DB 0 PRESSED IN PORTA E 0 ANI 0H 00 0 C JNZ READ 00 0C CD F CALL TONE 00 0F C 0 JMP PRESSED DB 0 READ IN PORTA 00 E 0 ANI 0H 00 C JNZ READ

18 CD 0 CALL DEBOUNCE 00 C C 0 JMP PRESSED 00 F 00 F A 00 0 TONE LDA 000H 00 EE 0 XRI B STA 000H 00 D OUT PORTC MVI B,0H 00 B 0 LOOP DCR B 000 C C B JNZ LOOP 00 F C RET DEBOUNCE MVI B, DELAY DCR B 00 C JNZ DELAY 00 C RET END tasm: Number of errors = 0 We see that while the key has been pressed, tone signal will be produced. Procedure. Enter hex code from location 00 to.. Now press key HOME, then GO.. Press key USER and try making Morse code? Exercise. Modify the tone frequency and play again. Summary More complicated program can translate the text to Morse code. However it is more fun to learn Morse code and hit the key manually.

19 Here is the Morse code table for playing. Source:

20 Program 0: -Segment display The kit display is made with common cathode -segment LED, LTC. Segment a, b, c, d, e, f, g, DP are driven by PORTB. All segments are common connected to all digits (only -digit shown). U is segment driver with R for limiting driving current. To activate a given digit, the common cathode pin must be activated with logic LOW. PORTC, PC0 to PC drives the -bit decoder, LS providing -digit for CC pin driver. Segment designation for bit driven is shown below. For example, to display number '', segment B and C must be ''. The bit pattern will be 0. We can find the bit pattern for a given letter easily. Such display is called multiplex display. At a given time, only one digit will be activated. However if we switch each digit with corresponding segment fast enough, we will see all digits with no blinking. 0

21 More features for this circuit, we can use PWM method to reduce the power consumption of the LED thus longer theirs life. We can adjust duty cycle for the driving signal. Here is 0% duty cycle driving pulse. Smaller duty cycle will reduce power consumption, reduce the LED brightness as well. Proper duty cycle will give nice display with less power. The first example will display one digit with PWM method. We will now test the code for single digit display SEGMENT.EQU H DIGIT.EQU H ORG 00H E F START MVI A,FH D OUT SEGMENT E F0 MVI A,0F0H D OUT DIGIT CD CALL TIMEON 00 0B 00 0B E 00 MVI A,0 00 0D D OUT SEGMENT 00 0F 00 0F CD C CALL TIMEOFF C 00 JMP START TIMEON MVI B, 00 0 LOOP DCR B 00 C JNZ LOOP 00 B C RET 00 C 00 C 0 TIMEOFF MVI B,00 00 E 0 LOOP DCR B 00 F C E JNZ LOOP 00 C RET 000

22 00.END tasm: Number of errors = 0 Yellow portion will make the first digit to display number '', code pattern is FH. Time on subroutine makes a turn on period. Then all segments will be turned off with Time off subroutine for no light period. Procedure. Enter hex code from location 00 to.. Now press key HOME, then GO.. Observe the display, see the brightness of the LED. Adjust duty cycle and observe the brightness again. Exercise. Try with another pattern and another digit. To display all digits, we will use scanning method SEGMENT.EQU H DIGIT.EQU H ORG 00H START LXI H,TEXT CD 0 CALL SCAN C 00 JMP START ;SCAN DISPLAY 00 0 ;ENTRY: HL E 0 SCAN MVI C, 00 0B E 00 MVI E,0 00 0D 00 0D B SCAN MOV A,E 00 0E F F0 ORI 0F0H 00 0 D OUT DIGIT E MOV A,M 00 D OUT SEGMENT TIMEON MVI B, 00 0 LOOP DCR B 00 C JNZ LOOP 00 B 00 B E 00 MVI A,0

23 00 D D OUT SEGMENT 000 F 00 F C INR E 00 0 INX H D DCR C 00 C 0D JNZ SCAN 00 C RET F TEXT.BYTE FH ; '0' BYTE 0H ; '' 00 B.BYTE BH ; '' 00 F.BYTE FH ; '' 00 A.BYTE H ; '' 00 B D.BYTE DH ; '' 00 C D.BYTE DH ; '' 00 D 0.BYTE 0H ; '' 00 E 00 E F.BYTE FH ; '' 00 F F.BYTE FH ; '' BYTE H ; 'A' 00 C.BYTE CH ; 'b' 00.BYTE H ; 'C' 00 E.BYTE EH ; 'd' 00.BYTE H ; 'E' 00.BYTE H ; 'F' END tasm: Number of errors = 0 Subroutine scan uses HL as the buffer display pointer. Register C is number of digit to be scanned. Register E is digit scan code, which is 0 to for -digit. The example uses -byte from to D to be a display buffer. Procedure. Enter hex code from location 00 to.. Now press key HOME, then GO.. Observe the display, see the brightness of the LED. And the number being displayed.. Change HL to E, test it again. See any change? Exercise. Can you show 'HELLO JO' on the display, how?

24 Program : Hardware interrupt The kit provides test button that produces single pulse for interrupt experiment. SW is push button, when press and release, the single pulse will send to interrupt pins. For this test we will select RST., so SW must set DIP switch position ON ORG 0H C 0 JMP SERVICE_RST ORG 00H F MAIN DI E 0D MVI A,0B SIM FB EI FF RST SERVICE_RST F PUSH PSW E MVI A,H 00 0 D 00 OUT B 000 0B F POP PSW 00 0C FB EI 00 0D C RET 00 0E 00 0E.END 00 0E 00 0E

25 tasm: Number of errors = 0 The interrupt vector for RST. is located at 00H. The kit relocate this vector to RAM space at location 0H. User can enter JUMP instruction at 0H to the service routine for RST. easily. Since the RST. is a maskable, so to enable it, we must set the mask bit for RST. to '0'. And use instruction SIM to to set it. That is all for main code then the control jump back to monitor program. When we press test button, the CPU will jump to RST. vector and jump to 0. The service routine will write a byte H to GPIO LED. We can see the binary H on the GPIO LED directly. Procedure. Enter hex code at 0-0 for JUMP instruction.. Enter hex code from 00 to 0D.. Now press key HOME, then GO.. Observe the display, push the test button to produce interrupt signal for RST. pin.. Press RESET, observe when push the test button again. Exercise. Modify the code for testing RST. interrupt pin.

26 Program : Timer interrupt The kit provides ms tick generated from timer. The input clock MHz supplied to chip will be divided by producing ms tick. This tick signal is fed to RST.. The monitor program initializes such tick signal at the beginning when reset the CPU. User can use this tick signal for many time trigger applications. We will play with this tick by RST. interrupt pin. The hardware ties RST. to the output of directly. No jumper setting needed C.ORG 0CH 000 0C C 0D JMP SERVICE_RST F ORG 00H F MAIN DI E 0B MVI A,0B SIM FB EI AF XRA A STA SEC_ STA SECOND 00 0C 00 0C FF RST 00 0D 00 0D SERVICE_RST. 00 0D 000 0D F PUSH PSW 00 0E 00 0E A 00 0 LDA SEC_ 00 C INR A STA SEC_

27 00 FE E CPI 0 00 C JNZ SKIP 00 A 00 A AF XRA A 00 B 00 0 STA SEC_ 000 E 00 E A 0 0 LDA SECOND 00 C 0 ADI 00 DAA STA SECOND 00 D 00 OUT SKIP F POP PSW 000 A FB EI 00 B C RET 00 C ORG 000H SEC_.BLOCK SECOND.BLOCK END tasm: Number of errors = 0 Main code initializes RST. mask bit, clear two variables: SEC_ and SECOND then enable interrupt and return to monitor program. The RST. service routine will be entered every ms or approx. 0 cycles/second. Every entering, the SEC_ is incremented by one. When it was equal to 0, time has elapsed for one second. We then increment the SEC variable and write it to GPIO LED. We can see the BCD counting up every one second on the GPIO LED. Procedure. Enter hex code at 0C-0E for JUMP instruction.. Enter hex code from 00 to B.. Now press key HOME, then GO.. Observe the display. Try pressing keypad as there is no timer interrupt.. Press RESET, observe again. Exercise. Change the update rate from one second to seconds.

28 0 Micro Architecture Source: By Appaloosa - Own work, CC BY-SA.0,

29 0 Instruction Hex Code

30 MOVE, LOAD and STORE 0 MOV B,B MOV B,C MOV B,D MOV B,E MOV B,H MOV B,L MOV B,M MOV B,A MOV C,B MOV C,C A MOV C,D B MOV C,E C MOV C,H D MOV C,L E MOV C,M F MOV C,A 0 MOV D,B MOV D,C MOV D,D MOV D,E MOV D,H MOV D,L MOV D,M MOV D,A MOV E,B MOV E,C A MOV E,D B MOV E,E C MOV E,H D MOV E,L B MOV L,E C MOV L,H D MOV L,L E MOV L,M F MOV L,A 0 MOV M,B MOV M,C MOV M,D MOV M,E MOV M,H MOV M,L MOV M,A MOV A,B MOV A,C A MOV A,D B MOV A,E C MOV A,H D MOV A,L E MOV A,M F MOV A,A E nn MVI A,byte 0 nn MVI B,byte 0E nn MVI C,byte nn MVI D,byte E nn MVI E,byte nn MVI H,byte E nn MVI L,byte nn MVI M,byte 0 nnnn LXI B,dble nnnn LXI D,dble nnnn LXI H,dble nnnn LXI SP,dble 0 STAX B STAX D 0A LDAX B A LDAX D nnnn STA adr A nnnn LDA adr nnnn SHLD adr A nnnn LHLD adr EB XCHG COMPARE FE nn CPI byte B CMP B B CMP C BA CMP D BB CMP E BC CMP H BD CMP L BE CMP M BF CMP A ROTATE 0 RLC RAL 0F RRC F RAR STACK C PUSH B D PUSH D E PUSH H F PUSH PSW C POP B D POP D E POP H F POP PSW E XTHL F SPHL 0

31 INX SP B DCX SP ARITHEMATICS F0 F E E0 RP RM RPE RPO C nn ADI byte CE nn ACI byte 0 ADD B ADD C ADD D ADD E ADD H ADD L ADD M ADD A ADC B ADC C A ADC D SUB M SUB A SBB B SBB C A SBB D B SBB E C SBB H D SBB L E SBB M F SBB A 0 DAD B DAD D DAD H DAD SP CALL CD nnnn CALL adr DC nnnn CC adr D nnnn CNC adr CC nnnn CZ adr C nnnn CNZ adr F nnnn CP adr FC nnnn CM adr EC nnnn CPE adr E nnnn CPO adr RETURN C D C C0 RET RC RNC RZ RNZ RESTART C RST 0 CF RST D RST DF RST E RST EF RST FF RST SPECIALS F CMA STC F CMC DAA INPUT/OUTPUT DB nn IN byte D nn OUT byte INCREMENT/DECREMENT 0 INR B 0C INR C INR D C INR E INR H C INR L INR M C INR A 0 INX B INX D INX H 0 DCR B 0D DCR C DCR D D DCR E DCR H D DCR L DCR M D DCR A 0B DCX B B DCX D B DCX H JUMP C nnnn JMP adr

32 DA nnnn JC adr D nnnn JNC adr CA nnnn JZ adr C nnnn JNZ adr F nnnn JP adr FA nnnn JM adr EA nnnn JPE adr E nnnn JPO adr E PCHL LOGICAL E nn ANI byte EE nn XRI byte F nn ORI byte ANA B A ANA C A ANA D A ANA E A ANA H A ANA L A ANA M A ANA A A XRA B A XRA C AA XRA D AB XRA E AC XRA H AD XRA L AE XRA M AF XRA A B0 ORA B B ORA C B ORA D B ORA E B ORA H B ORA L B ORA M B ORA A

33 D D C C B B A A memory & i/o decoder Designed by Wichit Sirichote, wichit.sirichote@gmail.com 0x000-0xFFFF kb SRAM 0x0000-0xFFF kb ROM <Doc> 0 Microprocesor Kit B Friday, April, 0 Title Size Document Number Rev Date: Sheet of D CLKOUT A A A D A A A SOD D[0..] /RD D A A A A A A D A A D D D A D A /RD D A D D A A[0..] D A A A D A /WR A A D D A D D A[..] D D D D D ALE A A A D D A A D D D D D D ROM_CE A A D A A D D D RAM_CE A A A A D A A A IO/M RAM_CE S0 S A A A A /RD /WR ALE HLDA RESET_OUT ROM_CE SID TRAP RST. RST. RST. INTR INTA S0 S READY SID D D D D GPIO D D D ALE TRAP *RST. RST. *RST. *INTR RST. RST. INTR D D D D D D D /RD /WR SID S0 S ALE IO/M SOD READY RESET_OUT CLKOUT *RST. *RST. A HLDA A A *INTR A INTA A A A *RST. HOLD A A GPIO D D D CLKOUT D D D D WR RD reset SYSTEM_PPI CTC USER_PPI UART LCD_E TRACE *RST. VCC VSS A A OUT OUT +V +V +V +V +V +V +V +V +V +V +V VCC +V +V D D JP HEADER 0X D LED mm R 0k D R 0k D NA D U HC 0 A B CLK CLR QA QB QC QD QE QF QG QH U GALVB I/CLK I/OE I/O/Q I/O/Q I/O/Q I/O/Q I/O/Q I/O/Q I/O/Q I/O/Q I I I I I I I I UA 00 Q KI UB 00 SW SW SPDT U HC 0 OE LE VCC Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q D D D D D D D D + C 0uF U C 0 0 A A A A A A A A A A A A A CE OE VPP O0 O O O O O O O U HMB 0 0 A A A A A A A A A A A A A CE OE WE D D D D D D D U MSM0CA 0 0 RST-IN X X SID TRAP RST. RST. RST. INTR INTA S0 S HOLD READY A AD AD AD AD AD AD AD A A A A A A A ALE WR RD IO/M RST-OT CLKO SOD HLDA SW SW DIP- UF LS UC 00 0 UD 00 R 0k UE LS 0 R 00 R 0k R 0k UA LS R 0k LED Q MHz UB LS UC LS R 0 UD LS S RESET D C 0pF D C 0pF U HC 0 OE LE VCC Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q D D D D D D D D D

34 R 0 R C R0 DIGIT.k D TONE VCC 0 Microprocesssor Kit DIGIT Q BC +V R Size Document Number Rev B <Doc> Date: Friday, April, 0 Sheet of 0 LS DIGIT SPEAKER +V LLL VCC VCC VSS D C B A D PB0 PB PB PB PB PB PB PB U A A A A A A A A G G LS Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y R 0 R-PACK A B C D E F G DP U0 A B C D E F G DP DIGIT LTC-JR DIGIT DIGIT DIGIT LLL A B C D E F G DP U A B C D E F G DP DIGIT LTC-JR C PC0 PC PC PC U A B C D LS 0 0 SPEAKER B D D D D D D D SYSTEM_PPI WR RD A D D D D D D D reset D D D D D D D 0 CS RESET A WR RD D D D D D D D U PB PB PB PB PB PB PB PB0 PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC0 PA PA PA PA PA PA PA P PB PB PB PB PB PB PB PB0 PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC0 PA PA PA PA PA PA PA P TRACE SW C SW SW SW 0 SW SW D SW0 SW SW SW SW E SW A SW SW0 SW SW F SW B SW SW SW SW OPTION SW MODE SW USER USER PA PA 0k RESISTOR SIP P PA PA PA PA PA PA PA A INC DEC STEP HOME GO ALT ADDR DATA A A SPEAKER VCC SW SW SW SW A A Title

35 D D C C B B A A RS R/W x text LCD interface <Doc> 0 Microprocessor Kit B Friday, April, 0 Title Size Document Number Rev Date: Sheet of D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D[0..] A A A A A RXD TXD RTS DCD RTS DCD D D D D D D A D DC D D D D D D D RD WR CTC CLKOUT VCC VSS *RST. A A RD WR reset UART RXD TXD LCD_E OUT OUT D D D D D D D VCC +V +V +V +V +V +V VCC +V +V +V + C 0uF C 0.uF C 0.uF D N00 + C 0uF V C 0.uF + C 0uF VB SUB-D, Male (cross cable) + C 0uF 0V U 0 0 D D D D D D D RD WR A CS CLK0 G0 OUT0 CLK G OUT CLK G OUT C 0.uF U CS0 CS CS RD WR RD WR A A D D D D D D D ADS RESET XTAL/CLK XTAL RCLK OUT OUT INT TXD RTS DTR RXD DCD DSR CTS RI CSOUT DDIS NC BAUDOUT C 0.uF J DC input JR CONN RECT C 0uF R C0 0.uF C 00nF R k C 00nF TP +V + C 0uF R 0K D POWER U MAXA 0 RIN RIN TIN TIN C+ C- C+ C- V+ V- ROUT ROUT TOUT TOUT C 0.uF TP GND + C 000uF V U LM0/TO VIN GND VOUT + C0 0uF

8085 INSTRUCTION SET INSTRUCTION DETAILS

8085 INSTRUCTION SET INSTRUCTION DETAILS DATA TRANSFER INSTRUCTIONS MOV Rd, Rs Copy from source to destination This instruction copies the contents of the source register Rs into the destination register