LINAV OPERATIONS MANUAL

Transcription

1 LINAV OPERATIONS MANUAL AG-NAV INC Gorham Street Newmarket, Ontario CANADA, L3Y 8Z1 North America AGNAV International Fax: Revision: Date: June 2008

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3 NOTES The software and hardware described in this manual is furnished under the license and may only be used or copied in accordance with the terms of the license. Copyright AG-NAV Inc Revision: 1.0 Release date: April 2008 All rights are reserved. No part of this publication or the components it describes may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photo-copying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written consent from AG-NAV Inc. AG-NAV Inc. provides this manual as is, without warranty of any kind and reserves the right to make improvements and/or changes to the product described in this manual at any time and without notice. AG-NAV Inc. equipment should not be used as a primary navigation device. CLASS A COMPUTING DEVICE. This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. The equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in a accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference, in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at their own expense. SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED AS IS. To the maximum extent permitted by law, the manufacturer, (AG- NAV Inc) and its suppliers disclaim all warranties, either express or implied, including, but not limited to implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, with regard to the SOFTWARE, the accompanying written materials, and any accompanying hardware. You may have other rights which vary from state/jurisdiction to state/jurisdiction. NO LIABILITY FOR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES. To the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, in no event shall the company or its suppliers be liable for any damages whatsoever (including without limitation, direct or indirect damages for personal injury, loss of business profits, business interruption, loss of business information, or any other pecuniary loss) arising out of the use of this product, even if the company has been advised of the possibility of such damages. In any case, the company s and its suppliers entire liability shall be limited to the amount actually paid by the owner of the product for the product. Because some states/jurisdictions do not allow the exclusion or limitation of liability for consequential or incidental damages, the above limitation may not apply to the user. TRADEMARKS AG-NAV or AGNAV is a registered trademark of AG-NAV Inc. Linav or Linav is a registered trademark of AG-NAV Inc. All other brand names are trademarks of their respective holders AG-NAV Inc. 2 Linav Operations Manual

4 CONTACT INFORMATION Contact the AG-NAV Technical Support Line at: Toll Free for Canada and the United States Telephone: AGNAV AG-NAV Inc. Telephone: Fax: Web Site: In the event of a problem that can not be resolved using the information supplied, please contact AG-NAV. You can also gain assistance through the User s Area on our web page at For further assistance, contact the AG-NAV Technical Support Line by telephone, fax, or . AGNAV Customer Support personnel will discuss your situation, determine the cause of problem and provide the appropriate technical assistance. AG-NAV Inc. 3 Linav Operations Manual

5 1. Introduction GPS Linav System Overview Keys Software Package Lightbars Linav Main Menu Main Display Operating the Linav Menus System Menu - File System Menu - Help Configure GPS GPS Configuration Menu & Display Configure GPS GPS Settings GPS Configuration System Menu - Help Menu Navigate Application Menu Pilot Information Settings Application Menu Open Alt Grid Basic Considerations Application Menu - New Area New Area Left & Right (AB line) New Area Center Split New Area Area Mark Application Menu Old Area Application Menu XWayPoints Edit Menu Edit Area Edit Area - Parameters Edit Area - Corners Edit Area - Waypoints Edit Menu Edit XWaypoints Settings Menu Settings Menu - Flight Parameters Settings Menu - Geodetic Settings Menu - Color Settings Menu - Guidance Settings Menu - Keys Settings Menu Display Settings Menu Data Output Settings Menu Data Input Help Menu Help Menu - Restore Help Menu About File Manager File Manager Copy Files File Manager Move Files AG-NAV Inc. 4 Linav Operations Manual

6 6.3 File Manager Delete Flight Data File Manager Delete Areas File Manager View File File Manager Switch Active Side File Manager Change Directory File Manager Rename File Manager Duplicate File Manager Exit Test Test Menu Comport Test Menu Light Bar Test Menu Check Time Test Menu Trigger Switch Test Menu Exit Training System Menu System Menu File System Menu - Help Help Menu About Help Menu Update Help Menu Product Key Help Menu Validate Product Help Menu Language APPENDIX A: FLIGHT PATTERNS APPENDIX B: CENTRAL MERIDIAN AND ZONE VALUES APPENDIX C: REFERENCE ELLIPSOIDS APPENDIX D: DATUM TRANSFORMATIONS AG-NAV Inc. 5 Linav Operations Manual

7 1. Introduction 1.1 GPS GPS is an abbreviation for the Global Positioning System, which was developed and is operated by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD). It was designed to supply navigational information around the clock, anywhere in the world, with a normal accuracy to 3 meters (10 feet) most of time. This, and other GPS errors, can be improved and accuracy increased to approximately 1 meter (3 feet) by using a differential correction signal. A Differential GPS (DGPS) system monitors the GPS satellite signals, calculates corrections, and transmits corrected positions to the Linav. The Linav system can receive signals up to ten times per second. 1.2 Linav Linav is a real-time DGPS airborne navigation system designed by AG-NAV Inc. for line and waypoint surveys for use in helicopter or fixed wing aircraft. The system provides real-time presentation of complex positioning information from various types of GPS receivers to the pilot in a transparent and simple format. It uses GPS signals received directly from a constellation of 24 satellites in orbit around the Earth. This system can operate in conjunction with a received differential correction signal. Designed specifically for low level flying, Linav has become the indispensable tool in airborne geophysical operations, photogrammetry and other aerial applications. AG-NAV Inc. 6 Linav Operations Manual

8 2. System Overview 2.1 Keys Power On/Off USB port Brightness Up/Down Control Keys Figure 2-1: P151 Unit The P151 (Linav hardware) unit has nine keys on the front display: On the left side of the display, the top button is the Power On/Off switch; below it are the two buttons used to adjust the brightness of the display. The bottom of the display has six keys that are used for system controls. From left to right, they are - (Cancel), - (Left), - (Right), - (Up), - (Down) and - (Enter). During the application, each key can perform multiple functions depend on the application mode. The function assigned to each key during a particular mode is indicated by the label on top of it called the Control Menu. AG-NAV Inc. 7 Linav Operations Manual

9 Control Menu Figure 2-2: Control Menu For example, in figure 2-2, pressing the key will perform the function Up to move the cursor up; pressing the key will perform the function Down to move the cursor down. Key is used to change the Control Menu and scroll through the list of available functions. For example, pressing will bring up the second Control Menu (if available); pressing again will bring up the third Control Menu (if available) and so on. The functions assigned to the Control Keys can be customized in the Settings Keys menu. Refer to section for more information. Conventions When the function assigned to a key can be customized, the function name will be enclosed in arrow brackets to indicate the key. For examples, <NEXTPNT>, <AREA LEFT>, <ZOOM IN+>. When we ask you to press a function key, it means you should press the key with the function name shown on top. For example, if we ask you to press <NextPnt>, you should press the key that has the label NextPnt shown on top. If you do not see the function you require in the Control Menu, press to change the Control Menu. AG-NAV Inc. 8 Linav Operations Manual

10 2.2 Software Package The Linav software package consists of several modules or programs, each addressing distinct needs in the surveying process. These modules are MAIN MENU, FILE MANAGER, NAVIGATE, GPS CONFIGURATION and TEST. When the Linav starts, the MAIN MENU is shown. From this menu, the user can choose what item to run. Main Menu Figure 2-3: Main Menu The FILE MANAGER provides functions for file operations. The functions are: a) Copy survey areas and data from local hard disk to USB memory stick and vice versa. b) Move survey areas and data from local hard disk to USB memory stick and vice versa. c) Make a duplicate of files for backup. d) Rename files. e) Delete survey areas and data to make more space on hard disk or USB memory stick. f) View information about survey areas. The NAVIGATE module is used to set up flight parameters and provide guidance to pilot to fly a survey area. The GPS CONFIGURATION module is used to check GPS data communications and configure the GPS receiver connected to the Linav. The TEST module is used to test comports 1, 2, 3 & 4, lightbar, remote switches and trigger switches. AG-NAV Inc. 9 Linav Operations Manual

11 Menus, edit boxes, buttons, and list views are used for user interface. An example is shown in the following figure: Menu Menu Item Selected Menu item Edit Box Selected Edit Box Listview Item Selected Listview Item Listview Area Button Figure 2-4: User Interface A menu, edit box, button, or list view can be selected by moving the cursor to the desired item. The cursor can be a red box (rectangle) around the item or black/blue highlight bar. AG-NAV Inc. 10 Linav Operations Manual

12 2.3 Lightbars Beside the guidance displayed on the main screen of the Linav, the most common method of relaying guidance information to the pilot is using a lightbar. Linav offers the user various types of lightbars as a steering indicator. The lightbar can be configured to display specific navigation information to the applicator. Figure 2-5: Pilot Indicator AG-NAV Inc. 11 Linav Operations Manual

13 3. Linav Main Menu Note: This chapter covers MAIN MENU module version To find out what version your system has, go to the Help function from the System menu, which will offer About as an available option to indicate the version of the system being used. Main Menu Figure 3-1: Main Menu When you turn on the Linav, the MAIN MENU is shown active, meaning any of the items from this menu can be scrolled to by using the up and down keys. AG-NAV Inc. 12 Linav Operations Manual

14 3.1 Main Display System Menu Main Menu Main Window Brief Help Key Controls Figure 3-2: Main Display The top part of the screen shows the System menu with two items: File and Help. Through this menu, you can open the Main Menu, view the software version, update software and activate the system. The middle of the screen shows the Main Window. The Main Menu is shown in this window. The red box around the Navigate button indicates that this menu item is currently selected. The bottom part of the Main Window displays a brief help message. As shown in the previous figure, the help message "Run Application program" indicates that by pressing <Enter> or, Linav will run the selected "Navigate" in the Main Menu. The bottom of the screen shows the current key controls. The function of each key is displayed above the associated key. As shown in the figure, the key changes the active menu from Main Menu to System Menu. Keys and currently have no function assigned. The key moves the red box cursor in the Main Menu UP. The key moves the cursor DOWN. AG-NAV Inc. 13 Linav Operations Manual

15 3.2 Operating the Linav Menus This section outlines the steps on how to use both the Main and System menus of the Linav system. Directly operating the Main menu upon starting: 1. Using the and keys will move the red highlight bar up and down. Use these keys to select the appropriate module to run. 2. When desired module is chosen, press to run. Operating the System menu: 1. While the Main menu display is activated, press to change from Main to System menu. The File item will be lit up. Note: Beside the Main menu, this System menu can be used as well to run the appropriate modules. 2. Press to access File, or use the and keys to select the Help item. 3. Once appropriate item is chosen, pressing the key will open the menu of the corresponding item. 4. Use the and keys to scroll to any of the options from the expanded menu. 5. Once the desired option is selected, press to activate the chosen option. 3.3 System Menu - File The first item of the System Menu is "File". This is itself a menu called the File Menu. Figure 3-3: File Menu This menu is similar to the Main Menu. OS Prompt is Operating System Prompt, it works the same as Exit in the Main Menu. The blue highlight bar indicates the selected item, for example Navigate is selected in Figure 3-3. Pressing the key will launch the selected module. Use the key to move the highlight bar up, to move the bar down. AG-NAV Inc. 14 Linav Operations Manual

16 3.4 System Menu - Help Help is the second item of the System Menu. It is also the menu that has utilities to keep the Linav system running properly. The Help Menu includes About, Update, Product Key, Validate Product and Language. Please consult the section System Menu Help in this manual for more information about Help. Figure 3-4: Help Menu Note: Because the purpose of this manual serves to instruct on how to operate the Linav system in the most straightforward way possible, the focus of this manual will provide guidance through the modules (also called programs) of the Linav through the Main Menu. The following sections and chapters are organized in the way that a new user should follow to make the Linav system work properly. First you will learn how to make the GPS receiver works, then how to follow guidance to survey new and old areas. After you finish surveying, how you can download data. And finally if problems happen, how you can test your equipments. When you are familiar with the system, you can go to a specific section to get help on how to do things. The Table of Contents can be used as a general guide to get to the right section quickly. AG-NAV Inc. 15 Linav Operations Manual

17 4. Configure GPS Note: This chapter covers GPS Configuration module version To find out what version your GPS Configuration system has, after running Configure GPS, go to the Help function at the top of screen, which will offer About as an available option to indicate the version of the module being used. When you use the Linav for the first time, after installing the Linav and GPS receiver/antenna, you should make sure the GPS receiver is configured and running properly. This is important because all guidance and calculations in Linav are based on the quality of GPS data. Figure 4-1: Main Menu Configure GPS The GPS Configuration module is used to set and configure the GPS receiver connected to the Linav system. It can be launched by selecting Configure GPS from the Main menu. Remember, this can be done by using the and keys and pressing once the desired menu item has been highlighted. AG-NAV Inc. 16 Linav Operations Manual

18 4.1 GPS Configuration Menu & Display GPS Configuration Menu After selecting Configure GPS, another menu (the GPS Configuration menu) is presented as shown in the following figure. GPS Configuration Menu GPS Detecting Message Figure 4-2: GPS Configuration Menu The GPS Configuration menu allows for selection of GPS receiver, GPS configuration and GPS settings. The current type of GPS receiver is shown. Before you configure the receiver, make sure the selection of GPS receiver shown in this menu matches with the type of GPS receiver or GPS antenna you actually use. The options are: R1 Old Smart Antenna (white) R2 CSI or MAX GPS receiver or antenna R3 Smart Antenna (green), default R16 Garmin GPS receiver FP Novatel FlexPak If you have other type of receiver, for example Trimble AG132, you can configure it by using the soft keys on the receiver display. In this case, you can check the settings to make sure the communications setup matches with the setup in the GPS receiver. As always, using the or keys will allow for scrolling to any of the items in the GPS Configuration menu. For changing the GPS receiver, the and keys can be utilized to carry out this task once the red box has been moved to the GPS receiver edit box. AG-NAV Inc. 17 Linav Operations Manual

19 GPS Detecting Message Upon launching of the GPS Configuration Menu, Linav will detect if any GPS data is received. Different communications settings are used to detect data. If the result of the GPS detecting displays a failure message, this may be due to a connection problem. In this case, check the connection: cable and antenna. The message may also be caused by the receiver outputting the wrong type of data. In this case, configuring the GPS receiver will be necessary. A success message is displayed if the right type of GPS data is found. It will indicate the baud rate the receiver is running at. 4.2 Configure GPS After selecting the right type of GPS receiver, to configure it, select Configure GPS and press. The success or failure of the operation will be indicated by a message. If failure, perhaps the settings need to be adjusted. If the message indicates success, your GPS receiver is running properly and you can skip to section 5. Figure 4-1: GPS Configuration successful AG-NAV Inc. 18 Linav Operations Manual

20 4.3 GPS Settings The GPS settings can be changed by using the next item called GPS Settings. Figure 4-4: GPS Settings After selecting GPS Settings, press to open the editor. "GPS Settings" allows you to select the com port, communication baud rate, WAAS/EGNOS on/off, and GPS rate. Use the and keys to move the red box cursor to the parameter to be modified. Use the and keys to change the value of the selected parameter. Figure 4-2: Settings for GPS Configuration Comport # defines what comport of the Linav is used to communicate with the GPS receiver. In most cases, Comport # must be 2. Baud rate defines the baud rate you want the GPS receiver to run at. When the baud rate is changed, it is necessary to run Config GPS to send the request to the receiver. When the successful message is shown on screen, select Exit to exit the Configuration menu, turn off Linav for 5 seconds, then turn it on again for the new rate to be effective in the GPS receiver. AG-NAV Inc. 19 Linav Operations Manual

21 WAAS/EGNOS turns on/off the use of GPS differential corrections. When WAAS or EGNOS signals are available and stable in your survey areas, you should turn this on by selecting On for WAAS/EGNOS. When the signals are not stable or not available, you should select Off for WAAS/EGNOS. Selecting On when the signals are unstable will create problems in GPS data and decrease the accuracy of GPS positions. GPS rate defines how many position updates the GPS receiver should send to Linav every second. The value should be 5 for accurate guidance. You can select 10 if your receiver can output 10 position updates per second. In this case, the baud rate must be or Do not select 1 for GPS rate because this is too coarse and may cause a problem when Linav calculates guidance. To save the changes to the settings, select OK and press. Pressing will cancel the changes. After changing the settings, you must select Configure GPS. Linav will send the appropriate commands to the GPS receiver to apply the new settings. The last item in the GPS Configuration menu is "Exit". This is used to exit the GPS Configuration and return to the default Main menu. 4.4 GPS Configuration System Menu - Help Menu The "About" item from the Help menu displays the module name and release information. The release is important when contacting AG-NAV for customer support and when updating the software. Figure 4-3: Help from GPS Configuration Menu Help About Release Information Finding GPS Configuration Module Version: 1. Use the key to change menu on the main window to menu at the top. 2. Press the or key once to highlight Help. 3. Press twice to view the About information. AG-NAV Inc. 20 Linav Operations Manual

22 5. Navigate When GPS data is good, you can start the Navigate module. Navigate is the core module of the Linav software. It provides the utilities required to set up flight parameters. And above all, it provides accurate guidance for your application. Figure 5-1: Main Menu - Navigate To access the Navigate module, use the or key to highlight Navigate button with the red box cursor and press. AG-NAV Inc. 21 Linav Operations Manual

23 5.1 Application Menu Pilot Information Settings Before working on a survey area, it would be good to tell Linav about the Operator and Aircraft. This information is called Pilot Information. Note that this is not necessary for the Linav to operate properly but it would be good to have the correct information and in some cases, it is required by your customers. To view the settings for pilot information, use the or keys to select the Application item. Once Application has been highlighted, press to open the Application menu. Figure 5-2: Selecting Application Use the or keys to select Pilot Information. Press to view the pilot information settings. Figure 5-3: Application Menu - Pilot Information AG-NAV Inc. 22 Linav Operations Manual

24 This screen contains the current information registered in the system. To edit any information, move the red box cursor to the item using the or keys. Then press to activate the virtual keyboard for editing. Figure 5-4: Pilot Information Editor The virtual keyboard contains the basic characters and functions of the keyboard for editing information, including backspace ( < button), spacebar (blank button), period etc. The control keys at the bottom of the display now correspond to the directional arrow keys. Pressing while any of the buttons are highlighted by the red box cursor will enter the highlighted character. When done, move the cursor to the OK button to accept new value or Cancel button to cancel changes. Figure 5-5: Pilot Information - Virtual Keyboard Press to carry out the task indicated on the button and close the virtual keyboard. AG-NAV Inc. 23 Linav Operations Manual

25 When done with Pilot Information Settings, move the red box cursor to the OK or Cancel button, depending on what function is desired. Press on OK button to confirm changes or on Cancel otherwise. Figure 5-6: Confirming pilot information 5.2 Application Menu Open Alt Grid LiNav provides left/right guidance to pilot to fly straight lines on a survey area. However if your survey requires that the pilot fly at certain height, LiNav can help by providing altitude guidance to pilot based on the desired altitude specified in an altitude grid or drape file. An altitude grid file contains the altitude profile of survey area and can be generated by GeoSoft software. Once you have this file copied to the LiNav, you can select Open Alt Grid to choose the altitude guidance mode and the desired *.grd file. There are 3 altitude guidance modes: 1. Grid File: in this mode, Linav will read altitude profile from an altitude grid file and provide altitude guidance based on this information. Note that the selected altitude grid file must be large enough to cover the entire survey area. 2. Constant Altitude: select this mode if you do not have an altitude grid file for the survey area or you want to use a constant altitude value. Linav will use the same altitude value for guidance. 3. No Altitude Guidance: select this mode if you do not want Linav to provide altitude guidance. AG-NAV Inc. 24 Linav Operations Manual

26 To open an altitude grid file: Use the or keys to select the Application item. Once Application has been highlighted, press to open the Application menu. Use the or keys to select the Open Alt Grid item and press. Figure 5-7: Open Alt Grid menu Use the or keys to move the red box cursor to the altitude guidance mode that you want and press or to select it. The solid square displayed in front of the mode indicates that it is selected. If you choose Grid File mode, you must also select a valid grid file for the area you are surveying. To select a grid file, press key to move the red box cursor to the file list box. Then press key or to move the highlight bar to the grid file you want. Figure 5-8: Select altitude grid file When done, move the red box cursor to the OK button and press. AG-NAV Inc. 25 Linav Operations Manual

27 5.3 Basic Considerations Before going into further detail with the Application mode of Linav, it is essential to recognize and understand some terminologies. 1. Area The Navigate module gravitates around the area concept. An area normally has survey boundary and guide lines also called grid lines. It may have tie lines for data cross check and waypoints. All information or settings for an area is saved in an area file *.nme. 2. Guidance During the flight, Linav offers guidance for flying straight lines on the survey area. The operator selects a grid line called locked line or target line to fly. At any time in Grid mode, guidance is calculated based on the locked line. The guidance is shown by cross-track errors (XTrack) and angle of intercept. XTrack represents the error or cross distance from the aircraft to the locked line. When XTrack is zero, the aircraft is on the right track. Angle of Intercept: This is the difference between the ground track of aircraft and the heading of locked line. This is the normal angle of intercept (NAI). When NAI is zero, the aircraft is flying parallel to the locked line. When using the optimal angle of intercept (OAI), Linav will calculate the most desirable angle to bring the aircraft back to the locked line without overshooting. When OAI is zero, the aircraft is flying parallel to and also on the locked line. AG-NAV Inc. 26 Linav Operations Manual

28 3. Main Display When you fly an area, Linav offers 4 modes: Grid mode and Line mode for navigation, Map mode for review of map and grid lines, and Waypoint mode for guidance to fly from aircraft to a destination waypoint such as COR1 for corner 1 of area, HOME for home or local airport. This section helps you get familiar with the display in the Grid mode. The typical Main Display in Grid mode is shown below. Guidance or Lightbar Display NavInfo Window Map Display Altitude Bar Control Menu Altitude Profile Window Figure 5-9: Typical Display in Grid Mode The Guidance or Lightbar Display shows the left/right bars for Cross Track (XTrack) error on top and Angle of Intercept (AOI) at bottom. Note that you can select to show XTrack on both bars. The Linav default guidance logic is that when the XTrack bar extends to the left, you steer the aircraft to turn left. When the XTrack bar extends to the right, you steer the aircraft to turn right. The AOI bar shows the direction you should steer the aircraft to make it move parallel to the locked line. The goal is to make both bars shrink to the center. Note that the guidance logic for each bar can be changed. It is possible to choose to follow the opposite direction of the bar. This can be adjusted in Settings Guidance. The guidance display also shows numerical information and the trigger on/off indicator. The Altitude bar and Altitude Profile window shows altitude guidance. The Map Display shows the survey area, grid lines and other information. The Control Menu shows the Controls or functions of the keys underneath (,,, ). These keys can have several functions, depending on the context. AG-NAV Inc. 27 Linav Operations Manual

29 4. Guidance Information The Guidance Display is shown at the top of screen. This is also called the built-in lightbar. Info 1 Trigger On/Off Figure 5-10: Guidance Display XTrack Bar Trigger On/Off Info 2 The center of Guidance Display is a bar graph. The top bar normally shows how far the vehicle is from the target line. This is called the crosstrack or XTrack bar. With AGNAV logic, if the bar extends to the right, you should steer the aircraft to the right. If the bar extends to the left, you should steer the aircraft to the left. The figure shows the full length of bar. The bottom bar can show XTrack or normal angle of intercept (NAI). This is the difference between the ground track of aircraft and the heading of locked line. When NAI bar is at center, the aircraft is flying parallel to the locked line. On each side of the bars are the trigger indicators, represented as four circles. Red solid filled circles indicate Trigger On. Empty circles (without fill) indicate Trigger Off. Further away, there are two fields of information: Left information or Info1 and right information or Info2. The types of information for these two fields are programmable in Settings Guidance. If a bright lightbar (or BriBar) is used, the same information as presented on screen will be shown on the lightbar. By default, Info1 represents target line number, and Info2 represents XTrack error. Altitude guidance is provided by the Altitude bar (Alt bar), shown on the right side of the screen. When the bar moves up, you should fly higher. When the bar moves down, you should fly lower. The middle line in the Alt bar represents the planned altitude that you want to fly at. The Alt bar will change color depend on the difference between the aircraft s altitude and the planned altitude. When the difference is more than maximum altitude scale, the color will be red. When the difference is less than maximum altitude scale, the color will be blue. The numerical value for the difference is also shown in the Alt bar. If you provide Linav with a valid altitude grid file (*.grd file) for the area you are surveying, it will calculate altitude guidance based on data read from this file and plot the values on the Altitude Profile (Alt Prof) window. In this window, the altitude that you should fly at is plotted as a blue line with height varies depend on the data from grid file. Your aircraft s position is represented by a cross between 2 red lines, one horizontal and one vertical. The horizontal line represents your aircraft s altitude. The vertical line represents ground position and moves forward as your aircraft moves from the beginning to the end of locked line. The goal is to adjust your aircraft s altitude such that the red cross moves along the blue line. AG-NAV Inc. 28 Linav Operations Manual

30 Note that if you choose No Altitude Guidance in the Open Alt Grid menu, the Alt bar and Alt Prof windows will not be displayed. Note: When Info1 or Info2 is set to display Xtrack, it will display a value up to 999 units (feet or meters), after that, even if the Xtrack is greater, only 999 is shown. 5. Map Display The middle of the screen is a map display which shows the survey zone, guidelines, the aircraft and other information. A typical display is shown below. Compass Survey Area Guide Lines Aircraft Locked Line Waypoint Last Line # First Line # Scale Text Info Figure 5-11: Map Display Area Name The locked line is extended from top to bottom of display. In the top left corner of the screen is the compass, represented by a circle with a needle pointing towards the true North. On the left side of the screen, the scale of the map representation is shown and indicates how many distance units are from the bottom of the map display to the middle. The Line # indicates the first and last line numbers. This helps the applicator to know what key <PrevLL> or <NextLL> to use to shift the locked line. <PrevLL> decrements line number. <NextLL> increments line number. Note: Normally the map is automatically rotated to align with the line direction. Depending on Settings Display options, the map can be rotated to always show the aircraft moving upwards. AG-NAV Inc. 29 Linav Operations Manual

31 6. Control Menu The display of Control Menu gives information about what functions or controls can be used at a given moment. The default controls available in Grid mode are shown in the following figure. Figure 5-12: Control Menus for Grid Mode Each row is a Control Menu which shows the control functions assigned to the keys,,, and when in Grid mode. During flight or application, the key is used to change the Control Menu. When pressing, the second Control Menu will show up and apply to the keys as the current controls. Pressing again will bring up the third Control Menu and so on. You can assign the functions or controls for the keys in a way that is the most convenient for you to do the job. Please refer to the Settings Keys section for more instructions. The control functions for Grid mode are described below: <EXIT> This function is always assigned to key. When <EXIT> is selected by pressing, the area is closed. A confirmation message is displayed to avoid accidentally exiting an area. The confirmation dialogue has two buttons: OK and Cancel. Press to select OK or to select Cancel. <PrevLL>,<NextLL> These functions shift the current locked line by decreasing the guide line number when pressing <PrevLL> and increasing it when pressing <NextLL>. <ZoomIn+>, <ZoomOut-> The map is zoomed in for smaller screen scale or zoomed out for bigger scale. The display is re-centered on the vehicle s position. AG-NAV Inc. 30 Linav Operations Manual

32 <ClstLine> This function shifts the locked line to the line closest to the position of aircraft. <NewGrid> This function is used to change the guideline direction. The new direction is defined by the new AB line. For the AB line, press <NewGrid> to enter point A, fly in the desired direction, and press <NewGrid> again to enter point B. After the AB line is created, the new grid lines are calculated and saved. The program will lock to the line closest to the aircraft for guidance. <WayPMode> This function is used to enter the Waypoint mode for guidance to fly from aircraft to a destination specified by the destination waypoint. <MapMode> This function is used to enter the Map mode to view the survey area and grid lines. The display is centered on the map. There is no guidance provided in the Map mode. <XWayPnt> This function is used to enter a cross-country waypoint. Cross-country waypoint (XWaypoint) can be the location of airport or new project. For guidance to fly to any XWaypoint, select XWaypoints from the Application menu. <AWayPnt> This function is used to enter an area waypoint. The area waypoints are saved in the area file *.nme that you selected to fly. Area waypoints are shown for destination selection when you go to the Waypoint mode. <PUP> This function is used to enter an obstacle point. This point can be the location of a tower or dead tree or power line that you want to avoid flying to. Linav will give you warning on screen and on lightbar when you approach one of these obstacle points. <Info> This function is used to show information about the area and status of application at the bottom right of the map area. An example is shown in the figure. When information display is on, pressing <Info> again will turn the information display off. The information includes the date and GPS time, the coordinates of the vehicle in Latitude, Longitude, UTM X, UTM Y, and GPS Altitude. Ground speed, ground heading, and size (acreage/hectares) of the area are displayed in appropriate units dictated by the chosen measurement system. Figure 5-13: Information Summary <NavInfo> AG-NAV Inc. 31 Linav Operations Manual

33 Turn on/off the NavInfo window. The information displayed in the NavInfo window includes: current operating mode, aircraft inside or outside survey area, type of data output (outp), GPS time, ground heading (GH), ground speed (GS), Line number (Ln), closest line number (Li), Scale (Sc), GPS altitude (GALT), GPS info (number of satellites, DGPS mode), GPS signal quality (HDOP), Cross Track error (XT), and Distance to go (DTG). <AltGrd> This function will display Altidtude Grid on the screen if you provide Linav with a valid altitude grid file for the survey area. Altitude values are shown in different colors depending on the range of values. <AltProf> Turn on/off the Altitude Profile window. <Dim+>/<Dim-> These functions control the brightness of the external lightbar. <DIM+> increases the lightbar intensity and <DIM-> decreases the lightbar intensity. These functions do not work on a pilot indicator. <Left>/<Right>/<Up>/<Down> Move the map left / right / up / down. AG-NAV Inc. 32 Linav Operations Manual

34 5.4 Application Menu - New Area Linav offers you many ways to make a new area, from simply entering the AB line to marking a complicated area. To do this, first select Navigate from the Main menu, then select Application. If Application is not already highlighted in white, use the or key to scroll to the Application item. Once Application has been highlighted, press to open the Application menu. Figure 5-14: Selecting Application Use the or key to select New Area. Once New Area has been selected, press to activate this item. Figure 5-15: Application Menu New Area AG-NAV Inc. 33 Linav Operations Manual

35 Figure 5-16: New Area Application Parameters The Application Parameters are shown. Check all values and edit the parameters if needed. Units parameter indicates the measurement system that will be used with the units. There are two options available: Met for metric system and US for US measurement system. Lines parameter indicates the number of guidelines that will be drawn when creating new areas using the AB line method. Together with the Line Spacing parameter, it defines the width of the area. The AB line defines the length of the area. You should enter more than enough lines that may be used to survey an area. Trigger Switch parameter indicates which status of the contacts of trigger switch is used. The value is depending on how you install the trigger switch. Max XTrack defines the full scale of the XTrack bar on the lightbar. XTrack implies the cross track error which is the cross distance from the aircraft to the target line. For example, if the bar reaches the maximum length and Max Xtrack = 200ft, the aircraft is off the target line by at least 200ft. The smaller value of Max Xtrack will make the bar more sensitive with the XTrack error. Race Track parameter is used to set up the line shifting sequence when race track pattern is used for survey. If the race track number is 5 and we start from line 1, the line sequence will be 1, 6, 2, 7, 3, 8, 4, 9, 5, 10. The next sequence will be 15, 11, 16, and so on. AG-NAV Inc. 34 Linav Operations Manual

36 Skip Track number is used to set up the line shifting sequence when skip pattern is used for spray. If the skip number is 1 and start from line 1, the spray sequence will be 1, 3, 5, and so on. Line Spacing represents the distance between guidelines in feet or meters. Line Offset indicates the offset of the first guide line. If the selection is Yes, when a new area is generated, the first guide line will be put half swath inside the area. If the selection is No, the first line will be right on the edge of area. Magnetic Var represents the magnetic variation in degrees between magnetic North and true North where the survey area is. This is used to calculate the magnetic heading or magnetic line track. Using true North as reference, enter a negative value for East and positive value for West. System Lag is used to compensate for the lag in GPS position. In real time, GPS signals travel from satellites to GPS receiver, receiver sends data to Linav, Linav calculates guidance; all these tasks take some time. This causes the lag in GPS position. The right value of system lag will correct the lag in GPS data received from the GPS receiver. The recommended value is 0.8 seconds. Relay On: Linav has a built-in relay that can be used for automatic trigger on/off. In general, the relay will click on (close contacts) when the aircraft enters the survey zone. Linav can be programmed so that the relay will click on before entering the area. To do this, enter the desired value in seconds for Relay On parameter. Relay Off: Together with Relay On, Relay Off is used for automatic trigger on/off. In general the relay will click off (open contacts) when the aircraft exits the survey zone. To have the relay click off before the vehicle exits the survey zone, enter the desired value in seconds for Relay Off. Flight Pattern allows you to select what pattern to use for locked line shifting. The options are B&F for back and forth or back to back, Race for race track, Squeez for squeeze, and Skip for skip pattern. Auto Advance: When the selection is Yes, Linav will advance the locked line automatically after the current line is surveyed and the aircraft leaves the area or turns by 100 degrees. If the selection is No, you will advance the locked line manually by pressing the NextLL key. File Type: Linav stores all area information in NME file. AG-NAV Inc. 35 Linav Operations Manual

37 Make Area by and Option indicates the method and flight pattern used to generate a new area. These two parameters will be explained in greater detail in the following sections. Prefix indicates the prefix for the beginning of a filename. Area name refers to the area filename. By default, the new area filename begins with the prefix followed by the year, month, day and number of new areas generated on that day. Note that you can change the area filename. Remember, Use the and keys to select the parameter to be edited. The red box cursor should be around the value of the parameter. Use and to change the value of the selected parameter. When all parameters have the right values or selections, press to scroll to OK. The red box cursor should be around the OK button. Press to save the changes, or press to cancel all changes. Note: All area generation methods described in the following sections have more than one Control Menu assigned to the keys,, and. To change the Control Menu, press and the next Control Menu will be shown. To know what functions are available during new area generation, press repeatedly to scroll through the list of Control Menus available. You can program the Control Menus in Settings Keys, so that they are the most convenient for you. When you finish generating a new area, Linav will automatically change to Old Area mode (Grid Mode). Please proceed to Old Area section for instructions to continue your application. AG-NAV Inc. 36 Linav Operations Manual

38 5.4.1 New Area Left & Right (AB line) The first and simplest method to use for new area generation is to flight the AB line. Linav will generate a rectangular area on the left or right side of the AB line. Figure 5-17: AB line The Lines and Line Spacing parameters define the width (B to C) of the area. Options to make new area Figure 5-18: Selections for New Area AB Line To begin generating a new area using AB Line, in the Application Parameters select Make area by AB Line. For Option, select Left or Right depending on which side of the AB line the new area should be generated. Finally select OK to continue. AG-NAV Inc. 37 Linav Operations Manual

39 Linav enters the New Area Generation mode. The Control Menu shown at the bottom of the screen changes accordingly, indicating the functions of the keys beneath it. In other words, each key in the Control Menu is assigned to the function indicated above it. When pressing a key, Linav will carry out the assigned function. Control Menu Figure 5-19: New Area Generation Waiting for Point A Linav is waiting for you to enter point A. Notice the Pnt A text on the top left corner of the screen. Go to the field and when reaching the beginning of the field (point A), press the key <AREA LEFT> if the area is on your left side or <AREA RIGHT> if the area is on your right side to enter point A. Alternatively, you can press <NextPnt> to enter point A. Linav will use the value that you set in the Option parameter (Left/Right) to decide the side of the area. AG-NAV Inc. 38 Linav Operations Manual

40 Point A Figure 5-20: New area Point A entered Once point A is entered, it is represented by a circle, and saved in memory. Later if you discovered that a mistake has been made with the side, press <AREA LEFT> or <AREA RIGHT> to change the side selection. Point A remains the same. Note that you must choose the side of the area (left/right) before you enter point B. Once point B is entered, the area will be finalized and no change can be made. In the guidance display, the distance from the aircraft to point A is displayed. As shown in the figure above, the distance is 375m. Linav is now waiting for you to enter point B. Notice the Pnt B text on the top left corner of the screen. AG-NAV Inc. 39 Linav Operations Manual

41 Figure 5-21: New area point B entered Now fly to the end of the field (point B). Make sure the function <NextPnt> is in the Control Menu (press to change the Control Menu if necessary). When you reach point B, press <NextPnt>. A new rectangle area will be generated with length equals to the length of the AB line. The width of the area is dependent on the parameters Lines and Line Spacing that you set earlier in the Application parameters. Linav will then lock to the first guide line and you can now begin surveying following the guidance. AG-NAV Inc. 40 Linav Operations Manual

42 5.4.2 New Area Center Split With the Center Split method, three points (A,B,C) are entered to make a new area. The AB line is normally the longest side of the area where it may be a good idea to survey first. The flight pattern is Center Split field or simple Race Track. The race track number is defined as half of total number of grid lines covering a whole area. To begin generating a new area, select Make area by Split. For Option, select Boundary, Center, Edge or Pivot depending on how it is desired to make the area. Options to make new area Figure 5-22: New Area Generation - Split Edge: A and B will mark the edge, C marks the center of the field. Center: A and B mark the center line, C marks the edge of the field. Boundary: A and B mark one edge, C marks the other edge of the field. Pivot: A circular area will be created. A and B marks the center line or diameter of the circle. When done, press Generation mode. to select OK to continue. Now the program enters the New Area Press <NextPnt> to enter points A, B and C when the aircraft reaches the appropriate positions. When a point is entered, it is plotted on screen as a circle. After point A is entered, the distance between the aircraft and point A is displayed on the top right corner of the screen. After point B is entered, the distance from aircraft to the AB line is shown. AG-NAV Inc. 41 Linav Operations Manual

43 Area Split - Boundary The Split Boundary pattern is a rectangular pattern, with the AB line forming one side of the field, and point C forming the other. The length of the field is determined by the length of the AB line. When choosing Boundary for an Area, the sequence of ABC is as follows: Figure 5-23: New Area - Split Boundary AG-NAV Inc. 42 Linav Operations Manual

44 As an example, an area using the Split Boundary method will be demonstrated. After selecting the Split area and Boundary option in the application parameters, a new area created in Split Boundary style can be made. The first step is to go to the field and when ready, press <NextPnt> to enter point A. Point A On the screen, point A is represented by a circle, and the distance from point A to the vehicle is shown at the top right corner, 429m as shown in the example. Figure 5-24: Split Boundary Point A Entered When the end of the field has been reached, press <NextPnt> to enter point B. Point A After point B is entered, the distance shown on the screen will be the distance from the aircraft to the AB line, 2062m as shown in the example. Point B Note that if you set the parameter Vehicle Up to Yes, the map will be automatically rotated when necessary so that your aircraft is always moving up. (Refer to section Settings Display for more details). Figure 5-25: Split Boundary Point B Entered AG-NAV Inc. 43 Linav Operations Manual

45 Now go to the other edge of the field and press <NextPnt> to make point C. After point C is entered, a rectangular area is generated with grid lines. The last line on the area is locked. Use the guidance displayed on the lightbar or top of screen to survey the current locked line. Figure 5-26: Split Boundary - Finished AG-NAV Inc. 44 Linav Operations Manual

46 Area Split - Center If the option used in creating a Split area is Center, the pattern is set up with points A and B determining the length of the center of the field, and point C set at one edge of the area. The selection of point C will finalize the rectangular field by setting one edge of the rectangle. The width will be determined by twice the distance between points B and C. In reality, the survey areas might be like the following: Actual Boundary Figure 5-27: New Area Split - Center AG-NAV Inc. 45 Linav Operations Manual

47 As an example, an area using the Split Center method will be demonstrated. After selecting the Split area and Center option in the application parameters, a new area created in Split Center style can be made. After entering the new area generation mode, go to the center of field and press <NextPnt> to enter point A. Figure 5-28: Split Center - Point A entered When you reach the end of field, press <NextPnt> to enter point B. The distance from aircraft to the AB line is shown at the top right corner of screen. Go to the edge of field to make point C. Figure 5-29: Split Center Point B entered AG-NAV Inc. 46 Linav Operations Manual

48 When you are ready to enter the edge of field, press <NextPnt> to enter point C. New area is generated. Line 1 is locked for guidance. Follow the guidance on the lightbar to survey this locked line. Figure 5-30: Split Center - Finish AG-NAV Inc. 47 Linav Operations Manual

49 Area Split - Edge If the area subtype is Edge, the pattern is set up using points A and B to set a boundary line. The field width is set at twice the distance between B and C. Figure 5-31: New Area Split Edge As an example, an area using the Split Edge method will be demonstrated. AG-NAV Inc. 48 Linav Operations Manual

50 After selecting the Split area and Edge option in the application parameters, a new area created in Split Edge style can be made. Once the new area generation mode has taken place, go to the field. When ready to enter the edge of field, press <NextPnt> to enter point A. The top right corner of the screen displays the distance from the aircraft to point A. Figure 5-32: Split Edge - Point A entered When you reach the end of field, press <NextPnt> to enter point B. After point B is entered, fly to the center of the area, where point C will be entered. Figure 5-33: Split Edge Point B entered, waiting for Point C AG-NAV Inc. 49 Linav Operations Manual

51 Press <NextPnt> to enter point C. The Split Edge area has been generated, with point A and B determining the length of the edge, while point C is set at the center of the field. Line 1 is locked for guidance. Follow the guidance on the lightbar or top of screen to survey this locked line. Figure 5-34: Finish Generating Split Edge AG-NAV Inc. 50 Linav Operations Manual

52 Area Split - Pivot If the area sub Type is Pivot, the area will be circular with the AB line as the diameter. Once the pattern is formed, the operator can survey the area in a left hand turn racetrack pattern until the whole field has been surveyed. Figure 5-35: New Area Split Pivot As an example, an area using the Split Pivot method will be demonstrated. AG-NAV Inc. 51 Linav Operations Manual

53 After selecting the Split area and Pivot option in the application parameters, a new area created in Split Pivot style can be made. After entering the new area generation mode, go to the center of field. When you are ready to create the center line, press <NextPnt> to enter point A. The top right corner of the screen in the guidance area displays the distance from aircraft to point A. Figure 5-36: Split Pivot Point A entered When you reach the end of field, press <NextPnt> to enter point B. After point B is entered, a circular area is generated with the AB line as the diameter. Line 1 is locked for guidance. You can survey the area in a left hand turn racetrack pattern. Figure 5-37: Split Pivot - Finish AG-NAV Inc. 52 Linav Operations Manual

54 5.4.3 New Area Area Mark This area generation method allows the applicator to enter points to define an area. Basically the applicator can go around the area and mark points along the boundary of the area. To make a new area by marking boundary, select Mark for Make area by and depending on what flight pattern is desired, select Split, Squeeze, Skip or Man for Option. Split: refers to the area being divided in half for race-track pattern. Squeeze: refers to the flight pattern for area being squeezed starting from the outside edges approaching inwards towards the center. Skip: refers to the skip pattern in which you survey one line and skip nn lines. nn is the number of lines to skip which is defined by the skip track number in the Application Parameters. Man: refers to manual, which means the flight pattern is defined in the flight pattern parameter. Options to make new area Figure 5-38: New Area Generation - Mark When all the parameters have been correctly entered, press Now the program enters the New Area Generation mode. to select OK to continue. AG-NAV Inc. 53 Linav Operations Manual

55 Area Mark - Split Split indicates that the flight pattern is Center Split or Race Track with a race track number equal to half of total number of guidelines. The line direction is defined by the first 2 points entered for the survey zone. After the first line is surveyed, the next line is in the center of the field. Figure 5-39: New Area - Mark - Split AG-NAV Inc. 54 Linav Operations Manual

56 Area Mark - Squeeze This option will set Squeeze for flight pattern. The sequence for this is to survey from the edge toward the centre of the field. Figure 5-40: New Area Mark - Squeeze AG-NAV Inc. 55 Linav Operations Manual

57 Area Mark - Skip When the option for flight pattern has been set to Skip, the skip number is defined by the Skip Track parameter. If Skip Track number is 1, the program will lock to line 1, skip 1 line and lock to line 3 as indicated below. Skip Pattern with Skip Track = 1 Figure 5-41: New Area Mark Skip Area Mark - Manual The flight pattern for the new area is determined by the Flight Pattern parameter set initially. This could be B&F for back and forth, Race Track with race track number defined by Race Track parameter, Squeeze or Skip. AG-NAV Inc. 56 Linav Operations Manual

58 Marking Survey Zones: To mark a survey zone, fly around the boundary of the survey area and press <NextPnt> to enter a corner of the area. After entering all corners, press <EndArea> to finish area generation. Note that you don t have to close the area by making the first and last points the same. An example is demonstrated below. Go to the desired area where the survey zone is to be made. When approaching the area, press <NextPnt> to mark a corner of the area. The corner of the area is plotted as a circle on the screen. Figure 5-42: Area Generation - Mark Boundary AG-NAV Inc. 57 Linav Operations Manual

59 Go around the boundary and use <NextPnt> to mark all corners of the area. The last point does not need to be the same as the first. The number shown at the top right corner of screen is the distance from the aircraft to the last point entered. Figure 5-43: Mark Area All Points Entered Assuming that the area has 5 corners and all of them have been entered. To finish the area generation, press <EndArea>. A new area with guide lines will be generated. After the area has been generated, you can begin surveying starting from line 1. Figure 5-44: Mark Area - Finish AG-NAV Inc. 58 Linav Operations Manual

60 5.5 Application Menu Old Area In Linav, Old Area means an area that has the area file saved on the hard disk of the Linav. The area files for Linav are always in the NME format (*.nme). To survey an existing area, select Application from the Main Menu and Old Area from the Application menu. Figure 5-45: Application Menu Old Area A list of old areas represented by area files (*.nme) is shown for you to choose. Use the or key to move the red box cursor to the list. Next, use the or key to move the highlight bar to the desired file. After selecting the desired area, press to move the red box cursor down to select the option for Application. Figure 5-46: List of Areas AG-NAV Inc. 59 Linav Operations Manual

61 Use the or key to scroll through the list and select one from the following options: New Start a new survey on the selected area. LiNav will start with line 1 for navigation. Old Continue the previous survey. LiNav will start with the line locked before for navigation. All Same as Old. If you have data recorded, all data from previous flight will be plotted. Use the key to accept the Application option and press again to select OK. Once the area is opened, Linav enters the Grid mode. Figure 5-47: Fly Old Area To help you carry out your tasks, Linav provides you with many functions that you can use in the Grid mode. They are described in the section below. If a desired function is not displayed at the bottom of the screen, press the key to change the control menu. If the function you want is not available, you can add it to the control menu by using Settings Keys (explained in section 5.9.5). Depending on your Settings for Display, if the selections for Rotate Map and Vehicle Up are Yes, when you turn the aircraft by 100, the map display will rotate by 180. AG-NAV Inc. 60 Linav Operations Manual

62 1. Old Area Shifting Locked Line After you finish flying one line, you need to shift the locked line to the next one. If you set the Autoadvance in Settings Flight parameters to No, you will have to do the line shifting manually by pressing the <PrevLL> and <NextLL> keys. <PrevLL> decreases the locked line number. <NextLL> increases the locked line number. The sequence of shifting depends on the flight pattern. For the Back & Forth (B&F) pattern, the locked line number is decreased or increased by 1. When the locked line is 1, if you press <PrevLL>, line 0 will be created outside the survey area. In the same way, the locked line will be shifted outside area with negative line number. When the last line inside the area is locked, if you press <NextLL>, a line outside the area will be generated. You may see the line number increment or decrement by 10, like 10 for line 1, 20 for line 2, if you select Multiple of 10 for Line Number Format in Settings Display. Note that all lines outside the survey area are used for the current mission only. They are not saved for next mission. For Race Track (RaceTrk) pattern, if the Race Track Number is 5, then <NextLL> will shift the locked line in the following sequence: 1, 6, 2, 7, 3, 8, 4, 9, 5, 10. If there are more lines, the next race track will be 15, 11, 16, 12, and so on. <PrevLL> will shift the locked line to the previous line in the sequence. If you want to continue the race track outside the area, you can press <PrevLL> or <NextLL> to make more lines. Note that all lines outside the survey area are used for the current mission only. They are not saved for next mission. Split pattern is just a special Race Track pattern. The Race Track Number is half of the total number of lines. For Split pattern, <PrevLL> and <NextLL> will not shift the locked line outside the survey area. For the Skip pattern, if the Skip Number is 2, the sequence for <NextLL> will be 1, 4, 7, and continue to the end of area. And then it will go back to 2, 5, 8, and so on to the end of area. Finally it will go back to line 3, 6, 9, and so on to the end of area. <PrevLL> will do the reverse sequence. For Skip pattern, <PrevLL> and <NextLL> will not shift the locked line outside the spray area. For the Squeeze pattern, <NextLL> will lock to line 1 then last line, then line 2, next last line, and so on towards the center of area. <PrevLL> will do the reverse sequence. For Squeeze pattern, <PrevLL> and <NextLL> will not shift the locked line outside the spray area. 2. Old Area Lock to Closest Line When pressing <ClstLine>, Linav will lock to the line that has not been surveyed and closest to the aircraft. Note that this function works for lines inside the survey area only. 3. Old Area Change Line Direction Grid lines are normally prepared in office before flight. During the mission, for any reason if you have to change the line direction, use <NewGrid> function. To do this, press until <NewGrid> appears in the control menu. Press <NewGrid> to start the procedure. Linav prompts you to confirm if new grid lines should be generated. Press to select OK to change line direction, or press to select Cancel if you don t want to change the lines. AG-NAV Inc. 61 Linav Operations Manual

63 Once you decide to generate new grid lines, Linav will turn off the current line display and wait for you to make the AB line. Turn your aircraft into the desired direction. Then push <NewGrid> to enter point A, keep flying in the same direction for a few seconds, then push <NewGrid> again to enter point B. The direction from A to B will be used to generate new grid lines. 4. Old Area Display Information To display information about the area and aircraft coordinates, press until <Info> appears in the control menu. Press <Info> to turn the information display on. Pressing <Info> again will turn the information display off. 5. Old Area Display Altitude Grid To display the altitude grid on the screen, press < AltGrd >. Note that this function only works if you provide Linav with a valid altitude grid file for the area you are surveying in the Open Alt Grid menu. 6. Old Area Obstacle Warning In the working area, if there are any obstacles (tall dead trees, towers, power lines, etc ) that you want to avoid, you can mark them by using <PUP> function. Linav will save the marked points and display them on screen. When you are approaching any obstacle, Linav will give you a warning on lightbar and on screen. The time for warning is defined by the value set to PUP alert parameter in Settings Guidance. To mark a new obstacle point, press until <PUP> appears in the control menu, fly to the obstacle and when you are over it, press < PUP >. The new obstacle is displayed as a small triangle on screen. 7. Old Area Enter Waypoints Waypoints are the points you want to get guidance to go to. A waypoint can be the location of a new survey area, refilling point or airport. There are two types of waypoints: Area waypoints and cross country waypoints (XWaypoints). The area waypoints are normally temporary waypoints you use when surveying an area. They may be a local landing strip, refilling location, pickup or drop off points. The XWaypoints are permanent waypoints that you want to use from time to time. They may be home base, commercial airports, or locations that you frequently fly to. Linav has 2 special waypoints: HOME and COR1. The HOME waypoint is entered when the aircraft is on the ground (speed ~ 0) and Linav receives good position data from the GPS receiver. It is remembered for use on all areas until you exit the Application program. COR1 is the corner 1 of the selected area. This is used to guide the pilot to fly from the present position to the survey area in the Waypoint mode. To enter an area waypoint, press until you see the function <AWayPnt> in the control menu. Then fly to the desired location and press <AWayPnt>. The area waypoints are saved in the area file *.nme that you selected to fly. Area waypoints are shown for destination selection when you go to the Waypoint mode. To enter an XWaypoint, press until you see the function <XWayPnt> in the control menu. Then fly to the desired location and press <XWayPnt>. The XWaypoints are saved in the agnav.wpt file. For guidance to fly to any XWaypoint, select XWaypoints from the Application menu. Note that when you select to fly XWaypoints, you do not have to select an area. AG-NAV Inc. 62 Linav Operations Manual

64 8. Old Area Waypoint Mode The Waypoint mode gives you the guidance to fly from aircraft to a destination specified by the destination waypoint. To go to the Waypoint mode, press until you see the function <WayPMode> in the control menu then press <WayPMode>. Refer to section for more details in Waypoints mode. 9. Old Area Map Mode The Map mode is used to view the survey areas, grid lines, locked line and flight data if recorded. There is no guidance provided in the Map mode. To go to the Map mode, press until you see the function <MapMode> in the control menu then press <MapMode>. The Map mode centers the display on the area whereas other modes center on the position of aircraft. You can select a line to fly while on the ground. The Map mode can also be used to calculate the best heading for the grid lines based on the least number of turns to optimize application, or generate the lines parallel to one of the sides of the survey area. Figure 5-48: Display in Map Mode 10. Old Area Map Mode Best Heading When you select best heading, <BestHead>, in the Map mode, Linav will calculate the line heading that produces the least number of lines to cover a whole area and generate the lines based on this heading. AG-NAV Inc. 63 Linav Operations Manual

65 11. Old Area Map Mode Next Heading If you want grid lines to be parallel to a side of survey area, use <NextHead>. Linav will start with the first heading from corner1 to corner2. Pressing <NextHead> again, the heading will change from corner2 to corner3. Grid lines will be generated based on the calculated heading. Keep pressing <NextHead> until you see grid lines parallel to the desired side. 12. Old Area Map Mode Locked Line You can change the locked line in Map mode by using <PrevLL> or <NextLL>. Use these two keys to move the locked line to the line you want to work on. To select this line for guidance and go to the Grid mode, press <SelectLL>. 13. Old Area Map Mode Shift Map To shift the map to view a particular part of area, you can use the keys <Left>, <Right>, <Up>, <Down>. The keys will move the map left, right, up or down respectively. 14. Old Area Change Mode While in Waypoints mode or Map mode, if you want to enter the Grid mode again, press <GridMode>. AG-NAV Inc. 64 Linav Operations Manual

66 5.6 Application Menu XWayPoints Waypoint mode is used for guidance to fly from the aircraft to a destination waypoint, or from one waypoint to another. There are two Waypoints modes: Area Waypoints and Cross Country Waypoints (XWaypoints). For Area Waypoints, after selecting a survey area, you can press <WayPMode> to go to the Waypoints mode. All local or area waypoints saved in the area file are shown for selection. For XWaypoints, you have to select the waypoints from the Application menu. To load any predefined XWaypoints, select Application from the Main Menu by using the and keys, then press. Press to open the Application menu, then select XWayPoints by using the or keys. Press to view the list of waypoints available to load. Figure 5-49: Application Menu XwayPoints A list of previous waypoints will be displayed. Use the or key to move the red box cursor to the list of waypoints. Next, use the key to move the highlight bar to the desired waypoint. Press to select it. A checkmark will appear to the left of the selected waypoint. Repeat this step to select all waypoints you plan to fly to. To deselect any waypoint, you may highlight it and press. Figure 5-50: Selecting Waypoints AG-NAV Inc. 65 Linav Operations Manual

67 Once the desired waypoints have been selected, use the or keys to move the red box cursor to the OK button. Press to accept the selected waypoints. Note that to cancel the selection, move the red box cursor to the Cancel button, then press. Figure 5-51: Selecting Waypoints - Done Once the cross-country waypoints are selected, Linav enters the Waypoints mode. All selected waypoints are shown on screen. Note that the HOME waypoint shows where the aircraft is while on the ground. Figure 5-52: Waypoint Mode You can zoom out to see all selected waypoints. A line is plotted from the aircraft to the destination. This is called the guide line. Press <NextWPnt> if you want to change the destination waypoint. AG-NAV Inc. 66 Linav Operations Manual

68 If you want to fly from one waypoint to another, press until you see <SegGuide> in the Control Menu, then press <SegGuide>. Assuming that you select to fly 5 waypoints: XWP1, XWP2, XWP3, XWP4 and XWP5. Linav will start from XWP1 to XWP2. The guide line will be from XWP1 to XWP2. When you push <NextWPnt>, Linav will change the guide line from XWP2 to XWP3, then XWP3 to XWP4, XWP4 to XWP5, XWP5 to XWP1, and XWP1 to XWP2. If you want to fly from aircraft to a destination waypoint, for example flying HOME, press <PntGuide>. Then use <NextWPnt> or <PrevWPnt> to select the destination waypoint. The <GridMode> key is used to enter the Grid mode again. This function is for Area Waypoint mode only. In XWaypoints mode, you don t have a survey area, thus no Grid mode. AG-NAV Inc. 67 Linav Operations Manual

69 5.7 Edit Menu Edit Area Area files are normally created in office by GIS staff and loaded into the Linav system. When you feel that something goes wrong, for example location offset, it would be wise to check the parameters defined for the areas. Area Editor is used for this purpose. You can edit the parameters if necessary. To access the Area Editor, select Application from the Main menu. Then press to select Edit. The word Edit should be shown in white. Then press to open the Edit menu. Figure 5-53: Edit selected Figure 5-54: Edit Menu Edit Area Select Edit Area from the Edit menu. The list of area files *.nme is shown for you to select the area to edit. Note that the item NEW_AREA is for creating a new area by entering coordinates of corners. If the list of area files is not already highlighted within the red box cursor, use the or key to move the cursor. Use the or key to select the area to be edited. The desired area should be highlighted. Figure 5-55: Selecting Area to Edit AG-NAV Inc. 68 Linav Operations Manual

70 Once the desired area is highlighted, press or to accept area and go to OK button. Press again to edit area. To cancel the selection press to exit Edit Area - Parameters If OK is selected, the area editor is opened for viewing and changing of area parameters. Figure 5-56: Edit Area - Area Parameters The editor shows the parameters that can be edited. Below is the description of the parameters: Line spacing: distance between grid lines. The unit (feet or meters) is defined by the selected measurement system. Max xtrack: Full scale for the cross-track bar. The sensitivity of the bar is adjusted accordingly. The default is 200 feet or 60 meters for BriBar (bright lightbar), and 300 feet or 100 meters for NavBar or Pilot Indicator. A higher value makes the bar less sensitive. Trigger switch: State of the contact of the trigger switch when trigger is on. Closed indicates trigger on when switch contact is closed. Open indicates trigger on when switch contact is open. Line offset: First guide line offset. Yes indicates that the first guide line must be half line spacing inside the survey area. No means the first line is right on the edge of area. AG-NAV Inc. 69 Linav Operations Manual

71 AutoAdvance: Yes indicates Linav will advance the locked line automatically after you finish flying a line and the aircraft is outside the survey area, or turn aircraft by 90 degrees. If the selection is No, you have to advance the locked line manually by pressing the NextLL key. System lag: Value in seconds. Used to compensate for GPS lag caused by data receiving and processing. Relay on: Value in seconds. Used for automatic trigger. If Relay On is 0.5, Linav will close the relay contact 0.5 seconds before the vehicle crossing the boundary to enter the survey area. LiNav has an internal relay that can be used to trigger an external device such as camera or carousel. Relay off: Value in seconds. Used for automatic trigger. If Relay Off is 0.5, Linav will open the relay contact 0.5 seconds before the vehicle crossing the boundary to exit the survey area. Flight pattern: Sequence of how guide lines should be shifted. Coordinates: Type of coordinates used to define the boundary of area. The options are UTM X/Y or Lat/Long. Central meridian: Central longitude value of each 6 degrees of longitude swath where the survey area is located. Starting from 0 and working eastward, the first central meridian is 3. Please always make sure that the right central meridian is defined. If you are not sure, look up in the table of Central Meridian for the right value. Ellipsoid name: Local map datum or ellipsoid used to define the area. You can select WGS-84 for NAD 83, and CLARKE 1886 for NAD 27. Use Aus-National for Australian Map Grid 1984 or AMG84. To avoid map offset, the right ellipsoid must be defined. Delta X/Y/Z: Datum shifts. Used to convert coordinates in WGS-84 received from GPS receiver to coordinates in local datum defined by Ellipsoid name. They are not simple UTM offsets in the X, Y, and Z direction but rather the shift in the centers of the WGS-84 and local geodetic systems. Therefore if Ellipsoid name is WGS-84, the Delta X/Y/Z values must be 0. To avoid offset in positional data, you must enter the right values of Delta X/Y/Z. Magnetic variation: Magnetic variation in degrees between magnetic North and true North. Enter a negative value if magnetic North is east of true North. Enter a positive value if magnetic North is west of true North. Hemisphere: If the survey area is in the northern hemisphere, select North. If the area is in the southern hemisphere, select South. If the area crosses the equator, select either North or South. For consistency in coordinates, it is advised to select the same option for all areas working around the equator. Units: The measurement system that will be applied to all units displayed. There are two options available: Met for metric system and US for US measurement system. AG-NAV Inc. 70 Linav Operations Manual

72 5.7.2 Edit Area - Corners To edit area corners, move the red box cursor to the Edit Corners button then press. Figure 5-57: Edit Area Corners The list of corners is shown for you to view and edit if necessary. The first column shows the area number. For single area, the area number is always 1. If multiple areas are used, the number will be 2 for the second area. The second column shows the corner numbers of area. As shown in the example, area 1 has 5 corners. The third column shows the latitudes in degrees, minutes and decimal of minutes, and hemisphere letter N (North) or S (South). The fourth column shows the longitudes in degrees, minutes and decimal of minutes, and hemisphere letter E (East) or W (West). Figure 5-58: Edit Area - Corners AG-NAV Inc. 71 Linav Operations Manual

73 To edit a corner: Move the red box cursor to the list of corners by using the or key. Use the or key to move the highlight bar to highlight the desired corner, for example corner 1. Use the key to move the red box cursor to the editing box, for example Lat degrees DD. Use the or key to change the value in the box. When done, push to move the red box cursor to the next editing box. Use the or key to change the value. When you finish editing one corner, repeat the same sequence to select and edit another corner. The corner must be highlighted to be edited. To delete a corner: Move the red box cursor to the list of corners by using the or key. Use the or key to move the highlight bar to highlight the desired corner, for example corner 1. Use the key to move the red box cursor to the Delete button. Press to delete the highlighted corner. Figure 5-59: Delete Corners AG-NAV Inc. 72 Linav Operations Manual

74 To add a new corner: Figure 5-60: Add Corners Move the red box cursor to the list of corners by using the or key. Use the or key to move the highlight bar to highlight the corner where you want to insert the new corner, for example corner 1. Use the key to move the red box cursor to the Add button. Press to add a new corner. A blank line will appear in the list of corners. Use the key to move the red box cursor to the editing box, for example Lat degrees DD. Use the or key to change the value in the box. When done, push to move the red box cursor to the next editing box. Use the or key to change the value. Repeat the sequence to enter the coordinates of the new corner. When all corners are shown correctly in the list of corners, move the red box cursor to the OK button. Press to accept all changes. Figure 5-61: Edit Area Accept Corner Changes AG-NAV Inc. 73 Linav Operations Manual

75 5.7.3 Edit Area - Waypoints To edit area waypoints, move the red box cursor to the Edit Waypoints button then press. Figure 5-62: Edit Area Waypoints The list of waypoints is shown for you to view and edit if necessary. The first column shows the waypoint numbers. The second column shows the latitudes in degrees, minutes and decimal of minutes, and hemisphere letter N (North) or S (South). The third column shows the longitudes in degrees, minutes and decimal of minutes, and hemisphere letter E (East) or W (West). Figure 5-63: Waypoint List AG-NAV Inc. 74 Linav Operations Manual

76 To edit a waypoint: Move the red box cursor to the list of waypoints by using the or key. Use the or key to move the highlight bar to highlight the desired waypoint, for example waypoint 5. Use the key to move the red box cursor to the editing box, for example Lat degrees DD. Use the or key to change the value in the box. When done, push to move the red box cursor to the next editing box. Use the or key to change the value. Figure 5-64: Edit Waypoint When you edit a waypoint name, a virtual keyboard is presented for you to enter characters. Figure 5-65: Edit WPT Name AG-NAV Inc. 75 Linav Operations Manual

77 To work on the keyboard, use the,,, keys to move the red box cursor to the desired key, then press to enter the selected character. Note that for waypoint name, you should not use the blank character. The < button works as the Backspace key to delete the last character. Figure 5-66: Virtual Keyboard When you finish entering the waypoint name, move the red box cursor to the OK button and press to accept the name. The Cancel button is used to cancel the entry and use the old name. The keyboard display will be closed. Figure 5-67: Edit WPT Name - Finish When you finish editing one waypoint, repeat the same sequence to select and edit another waypoint. The waypoint must be highlighted to be edited. AG-NAV Inc. 76 Linav Operations Manual

78 To delete a waypoint: Move the red box cursor to the list of wayoints by using the or key. Use the or key to move the highlight bar to highlight the desired waypoint, for example waypoint 5. Use the key to move the red box cursor to the Delete button. Press to delete the highlighted waypoint. Figure 5-68: Delete Waypoint To add a waypoint: Figure 5-69: Add Waypoint Move the red box cursor to the list of waypoints by using the or key. Use the or key to move the highlight bar to highlight the waypoint where you want to insert the new waypoint, for example waypoint 5. Use the key to move the red box cursor to the Add button. Press to add a new waypoint. A blank line will appear in the list of waypoints. A waypoint name, for example WPT6, is automatically assigned to the new waypoint. AG-NAV Inc. 77 Linav Operations Manual

79 Use the key to move the red box cursor to the editing box, for example Lat degrees DD. Use the or key to change the value in the box. When done, push to move the red box cursor to the next editing box. Use the or key to change the value. Repeat the sequence to enter the coordinates of the new waypoint. AG-NAV Inc. 78 Linav Operations Manual

80 When all waypoints are shown correctly in the list of waypoints, move the red box cursor to the OK button. Press to accept all changes. Figure 5-70: Edit Waypoints - Finish Figure 5-71: Finish and Close Area Editor After checking and editing all parameters, corners and waypoints, move the red box cursor to the OK button then press to save all changes. Or you can select Cancel to abort the changes. This will close the Area Editor. AG-NAV Inc. 79 Linav Operations Manual

81 5.8 Edit Menu Edit XWaypoints XWaypoints are cross-country waypoints used for waypoint flight. You can enter a new XWaypoint on-the-fly, or if you have the coordinates of the waypoint, you can enter them manually by using the XWaypoints editor. To access the XWaypoints Editor, select Application from the Main menu. Figure 5-72: Application - Edit Figure 5-73: Edit Menu Edit XWaypoints Use the or keys to select Edit. The word Edit at the top of screen should change to white. Press to open the Edit menu. Press Press for editing. to select Edit XWaypoints. to view the waypoints available The list of waypoints is shown for you to view and edit if necessary. If the list of waypoints is not already highlighted within the red box cursor, use the or key to move the cursor up to the waypoint list. The first column shows the waypoint numbers. The second column shows the latitudes in degrees, minutes and decimal of minutes, and hemisphere letter N (North) or S (South). The third column shows the longitudes in degrees, minutes and decimal of minutes, and hemisphere letter E (East) or W (West). Figure 5-74: Selecting Waypoint to Edit AG-NAV Inc. 80 Linav Operations Manual

82 To edit an XWaypoint: Use the or key to move the highlight bar to highlight the desired waypoint, for example waypoint 3. The desired waypoint should be highlighted. Use the key to move the red box cursor to the editing box, for example Lat degrees DD. Use the or key to change the value in the box. When done, push to move the red box cursor to the next editing box. Use the or key to change the value. Figure 5-75: Editing XWaypoint When you edit a waypoint name, a virtual keyboard is presented for you to enter characters. Assuming that XWPT5 is the airport in Butte City. Let s change the name to BUTCT. We should delete the old name XWPT5 first, then enter the new name. Figure 5-76: Editing XWaypoint Name AG-NAV Inc. 81 Linav Operations Manual

83 To work on the keyboard, use the,,, keys to move the red box cursor to the desired key, then press to enter the selected character. Note that for waypoint name, you should not use the blank character. The < button works as the Backspace key to delete the last character. When you finish entering the waypoint name, move the red box cursor to the OK button and press to accept the name. The Cancel button is used to cancel the entry and use the old name. Figure 5-77: Naming Waypoints The keyboard display will be closed. When you finish editing one waypoint, repeat the same sequence to select and edit another waypoint. The waypoint must be highlighted to be edited. To delete an XWaypoint: Move the red box cursor to the list of wayoints by using the or key. Use the or key to move the highlight bar to highlight the desired waypoint, for example waypoint 2. Use the key to move the red box cursor to the Delete button. Press to delete the highlighted waypoint. Figure 5-78: Deleting Waypoints AG-NAV Inc. 82 Linav Operations Manual

84 To add an XWaypoint: Figure 5-79: Adding New XWaypoint Move the red box cursor to the list of waypoints by using the or key. Use the or key to move the highlight bar to highlight the waypoint where you want to insert the new waypoint, for example waypoint 2, BUTCT. Use the key to move the red box cursor to the Add button. Press to add a new waypoint. A new waypoint, i.e. waypoint 3 is added to the list. A waypoint name is automatically assigned to the new waypoint, i.e. WPT4. This waypoint is highlighted for you to edit. Use the key to move the red box cursor to the editing box, for example Lat degrees DD. Use the or key to change the value in the box. When done, push to move the red box cursor to the next editing box. Use the or key to change the value. Repeat the sequence to enter the coordinates of the new corner. AG-NAV Inc. 83 Linav Operations Manual

85 Finish XWaypoints Editor: When all waypoints are shown correctly in the list of waypoints, move the red box cursor to the OK button. Press to accept and save all changes. Or you can select Cancel to abort the changes. This will close the XWaypoints Editor. Figure 5-80: Finish Editing XWaypoints AG-NAV Inc. 84 Linav Operations Manual

86 5.9 Settings Menu Settings Menu - Flight Parameters For successful flight, it is important to set parameters to suit the survey location, display, and guidance preference. The Settings editor in Linav provides the utilities to do this. To access the Settings editor, select Application from the Main menu. Figure 5-81: Application - Settings Use the keys to select Settings. The word Settings at the top of screen should change to white. Figure 5-82: Settings Menu Flight Parameters Press to open the Settings menu. To view or edit the Flight Parameters, use the or key to select Flight Parameters. Then press to continue. The Flight Parameters are saved in the navigate.ini file. Note that: a) When you generate a new area, all Flight parameters are used. b) When you work on an old area, the following parameters are used: Max XTrack, Trigger Switch, Auto Advance, System Lag, Trigger On, Trigger Off, Trigger Indicator and Swath %. These are called common parameters since they are commonly used for all areas. c) The Flight Pattern, Race Track Number and Skip Track Number are set specifically for each area. AG-NAV Inc. 85 Linav Operations Manual

87 When the editor for Flight parameters opens, Use and to select the parameter to be edited. A hint is shown for brief description and/or range of value. Use and to change the value of parameter. When finish all editing, press to select OK button. Then press to save the changes or press to cancel all changes. Figure 5-83: Edit Flight Parameters Line spacing: represents the distance between guide lines. Lines: the number of guide lines, used when creating new areas using just two points or the AB line. The value of this parameter indicates the width of the rectangular area. The AB line defines the length of the area. Max xtrack: Full scale of the XTrack bar in the Guidance area or light bar. XTrack implies the cross track error which is the cross distance from the aircraft to the target line. If the bar reaches the maximum length and Max Xtrack = 200ft, the vehicle is off the target line by at least 200ft. The smaller value of Max Xtrack will make the bar more sensitive with the XTrack error. Trigger Switch: The value is depending on how you install the trigger switch. Select Closed if the contact of the switch is closed when trigger is on. Select Open if the contact of the switch is open when trigger is on. Line offset: The offset for the first guide line. If the selection is Yes, when guide lines are generated, the first line will be put half line spacing inside the area. If the selection is No, the first line will be right on the edge of area. AG-NAV Inc. 86 Linav Operations Manual

88 Auto advance: For automatic guide line advance, select Yes. For manual line advance with <PrevLL> or <NextLL>, select No. For automatic advance, the target or locked line will be advanced when the current locked line is surveyed and (i) the aircraft leaves the survey zone or (ii) when the aircraft turns by 90 degrees inside survey zone. If the current locked line has not been surveyed, it won t be shifted to the next line. Race track: Used to calculate the race track flight pattern. If the race track number is 5 and you start from line 1, the flight sequence will be line 1 then 6, 2, 7, 3, 8, 4, 9, 5, 10. The next sequence will be 15, 11, 16, and so on. Skip track: Used when flying in skip pattern. If the skip track number is 1 and start from line 1, the fly sequence will be 1, 3, 5, and so on. System lag: Used to compensate for the lag in GPS position. In real time, GPS signals travel from satellites to GPS receiver, receiver sends data to Linav, Linav calculates guidance, all these tasks take some time. This causes the lag in GPS position. The right value of system lag will project the GPS position forward to compensate for the lag. Trigger On: Linav has a built-in relay that can be used for automatic trigger on/off. In general, the relay will click on (close contact) when the aircraft enters the survey zone. When using automatic trigger, you can program Linav so that the relay will click on to activate the trigger before entering the area. To do this, enter the desired value in seconds for Trigger On parameter. Trigger Off: Trigger Off is used for automatic trigger on/off. The relay will open the relay contact when the aircraft exits the survey zone. To avoid surveying outside the survey area, you may want the relay to open contact before the aircraft exits the survey zone. To do this, enter the desired value in seconds for Trigger Off. Pattern: This setting indicates the flight pattern to be used when surveying. This defines the sequence how guide lines should be shifted. Units: This defines the measurement system. There are two options available: Met for metric system and US for US measurement system. For Metric, the units will be meters, Km/h, liters, hectares, etc For US system, the units will be feet, MPH, gallons, acres, etc Trigger indicator: This defines how survey data is represented. The options are thin cross hatch, thick cross hatch, or solid paint. Swath %: This is used to display swath overlap. The default is 120%. The range is 0-200%. The swath percentage is for display only. AG-NAV Inc. 87 Linav Operations Manual

89 5.9.2 Settings Menu - Geodetic The Geodetic settings are used for positioning and mapping. When you find a problem in GPS data, area displacement, incorrect heading of aircraft, or slow update of aircraft on screen, it would be wise to check the Geodetic Settings. To access the Settings editor, select Application from the Main menu. Figure 5-84: Application - Settings Use the or keys to select Settings from the menu options. The word Settings at the top of screen should change to white. Figure 5-85: Settings Menu - Geodetic To check the Geodetic settings, select Geodetic from the Settings menu using then press. Note that the Geodetic settings are used for new area only. When you work on an old area, the settings are read from the area file (*.nme). The editor for geodetic parameters opens. Figure 5-86: Geodetic Parameters AG-NAV Inc. 88 Linav Operations Manual

90 Use and to select the parameter to be edited. A hint is shown for brief description and/or range of value. Use and to change the value of parameter. When finish all editing, press to select OK button. Then press to save the changes or press to cancel all changes. Below is the description of parameters: Coordinates: Type of coordinates used to define area boundary. Options are UTM X/Y or Lat/Long. Ellipsoid name: Local map datum or ellipsoid used to define the area. You can select WGS-84 for NAD 83, CLARKE 1886 for NAD 27, Aus-National for AMG84. The most common ellipsoid used world wide is WGS-84. To avoid map offset, the right ellipsoid must be defined. Central meridian: Central longitude value of each 6 degrees of longitude swath where the survey area is located. Starting from 0 and working eastward, the first central meridian is 3. Please always make sure that the right central meridian is defined. If you are not sure, look up in the table of Central Meridian for the right value. Note that the value of 0 is also accepted and indicates that the central meridian will be calculated automatically when the new area is created. Delta x/y/z: Datum shifts. Used to convert coordinates in WGS-84 received from GPS receiver to coordinates in local datum defined by Ellipsoid name. They are not simple UTM offsets in the X, Y, and Z direction but rather the shift in the centers of the WGS-84 and local geodetic systems. Therefore if Ellipsoid name is WGS-84, the Delta X/Y/Z values must be 0. To avoid offset in positional data, you must enter the right values of Delta X/Y/Z. Magnetic var: Magnetic variation in degrees between magnetic North and true North. Enter a negative value if magnetic North is east of true North. Enter a positive value if magnetic North is west of true North. Hemisphere: If the survey area is North of equator, select North. If the area is South of equator, select South. If the area crosses the equator, you can select either North or South. However for consistency in coordinates, you should select the same option for all areas you work on around the equator. AG-NAV Inc. 89 Linav Operations Manual

91 5.9.3 Settings Menu - Color The Linav system has a color display to clearly show the map, flight data and information on screen. Depending on preference, you can select colors for objects shown on screen. The Color Settings are used for both new and old areas. To access the Settings editor, select Application from the Main menu. Figure 5-87: Application - Settings Use the or keys to select Settings from the menu options. The word Settings at the top of screen should change to white. Figure 5-88: Settings Menu - Color To check or change the interface colors, select Color from the Settings menu using and, then press. The editor for color settings opens. Figure 5-89: Color Settings AG-NAV Inc. 90 Linav Operations Manual

92 In the Color Settings edit boxes, Use and to select the item to be edited. Use and to change the color. When finish all editing, press to select OK button. Then press to save the changes or press to cancel all changes. The items that can be assigned a color are: Text: Foreground color and is used to display text information in the map area. Background: Background color of the map area. Survey area: Color of boundary of survey area. Display polygon: Color of map. Menu text: Color of text in menus. Flight path: Color of aircraft s path (flight path, drive path). Trigger on: Color of survey data. Gridlines: Color of guide lines and contour lines. Guideline: Color of locked line or target survey line. Compass: Color of compass rose. Waypoint: Color of waypoints. AG-NAV Inc. 91 Linav Operations Manual

93 5.9.4 Settings Menu - Guidance The Guidance settings allow you to select the information to display on the light bar and screen for guidance. When you see a problem related to lightbar display, it would be wise to check the Guidance Settings. The Guidance Settings are used for both new and old areas. To access the Settings editor, select Application from the Main menu. Figure 5-90: Applicatin - Settings Use the key to select Settings from the menu options. The word Settings at the top of screen should change to white. Figure 5-91: Settings Menu - Guidance To check or change the guidance settings, select Guidance from the Settings menu using and, then press. The editor for Guidance Settings opens. Figure 5-92: Guidance Settings AG-NAV Inc. 92 Linav Operations Manual

94 In the editor, Use and to select the parameter to be edited. Use and to change the value of selected parameter. When finish all editing, press to select OK button. Then press to save the changes or press to cancel all changes. Guidance information is displayed at the top of the screen to help the pilot stay on the right track. This serves as an internal light bar. As an option, the pilot can use an external light bar or pilot indicator with the Linav system. Left Info Right Info Figure 5-93: Linav Display Guidance Area The Guidance settings consist of the following parameters: Comport: The serial port to which the lightbar is connected. Always select 1 for lightbar. Baud rate: Data communication settings. For external lightbar or pilot indicator, baud rate must be Look-ahead: Used to calculate the cross track error and track angle error ahead of time. If the look-ahead time is 1 second, Linav will calculate the position of vehicle where it will be in the next second and calculate the guidance based on this position. PUP alert: This indicates how soon in seconds you want Linav to warn you when approaching a tower or obstacle point. When warning is on, the lightbar will flash vigorously. Enter.0000 if you don t want the warning. Indicator: Type of lightbar used with the Linav system. When you press on the Indicator, another dialogue will open for you to set the distance and angle for each light (LED) on the lightbar. AG-NAV Inc. 93 Linav Operations Manual

95 Brightness %: Percentage of lightbar brightness, 0 off, 100 brightest. 70% is the default level of brightness. During the flight, you can adjust the lightbar by using <DIM+> and <DIM-> keys. Note that this is not applicable for pilot indicator. Approach flash time: Set the time in seconds for the Approach lights on the lightbar to flash before the vehicle crossing area boundary. The Approach lights flash once per second. You can use this as count down time for trigger on and off. The default is 5 seconds. Left info: The data that will be displayed on the left side of the lightbar, as well as on the left side of screen in the guidance area. Right Info: The data that will be displayed on the right side of the lightbar, as well as on the right side of screen in the guidance area. Middle info 1: The data that will be displayed in the middle left of NavBar or pilot indicator. NavBar can display 4 pieces of information. From the left, Middle Info 1 is the second piece of information to be displayed on the lightbar. Middle info 2: The data that will be displayed in the middle right of NavBar or pilot indicator. NavBar can display 4 pieces of information. From the left, Middle Info 2 is the third piece of information to be displayed on the lightbar. First bar: The logic for the first bar. By default, the first bar is XTrack error. You can select Bar dir to follow the bar direction to steer vehicle. This means when the XTrack bar expands to the left, you steer the vehicle left; when the XTrack bar expands to the right, you steer the vehicle right. This is the default logic. You can select Opposite dir to steer the vehicle in the opposition direction of XTrack bar. Set first bar to: The AGNAV lightbar (BriBar or NavBar) can display 2 bars for guidance. The first or top bar is normally XTrack. However you can select Angle of Intercept or Optimal Angle of Intercept (OAI) for the first bar. Angle of Intercept is the difference between the heading of vehicle and heading of locked line. If the vehicle is moving in the same direction as the line heading, the angle of intercept will be zero. The Optimal Angle of Intercept (OAI) is the combination of XTrack and Angle of Intercept. OAI is only zero when the vehicle is right on the locked line and moving in the same direction as the line heading. Second bar: The logic for the second bar. The AGNAV lightbar (BriBar or NavBar) can display 2 bars for guidance. The first or top bar is normally for XTrack. The second bar can be XTrack or Angle of Intercept. If the second bar is XTrack, the selection of First bar will be the selection of Second bar. Set second bar to: Options are XTrack, Angle of Intercept and Optimal Angle of Intercept. See Set first bar to for more information. By default, the second bar is Angle of Intercept. However you can change it to XTrack if desired. Note that for ground application, both bars are set to XTrack. WPT Left info: The data that will be displayed on the left side of the lightbar, as well as on the left side of screen in the guidance area when working in the Waypoint mode. WPT Right info: The data that will be displayed on the right side of the lightbar, as well as on the right side of screen in the guidance area when working in the Waypoint mode. AG-NAV Inc. 94 Linav Operations Manual

96 WPT Middle info 1: The data that will be displayed in the middle left of NavBar when working in the Waypoint mode. WPT Middle info 2: The data that will be displayed in the middle right of NavBar when working in the Waypoint mode. Lightbar Settings: The sensitivity of bars on the lightbar can be set manually or automatically. As a default, Linav will automatically calculate the distance for each light on the Xtrack bar based on the Maximum Cross Track (Max Xtrack) value in the Flight Parameters settings. The Max Xtrack value defines the full length or full scale of the bar. For Angle of Intercept, 90 degrees are used for full length of bar. However, you can set the distance or angle for each light manually by entering the values in the lightbar settings. To do this, select Indicator in the Guidance Settings. When you select type of lightbar for Indicator, for example Bright Bar, Linav opens another dialogue for you to set distance and angle for each light (LED) on the lightbar. Figure 5-94: Type of LightBar AG-NAV Inc. 95 Linav Operations Manual

97 The XTrack indicator indicates whether the distances for Xtrack lights should be calculated manually or automatically. Use the and keys to toggle the selection of XTrack indicator. The blank button indicates Automatic option. The square dot in the button indicates Manual option. When Manual is selected, the LED column for XTrack will be active for you to enter the distance for each light on the lightbar. Note that the BrightBar has 12 lights and NavBar has 20 lights for each guidance bar. Figure 5-95: XTrack Indicator Linav shows the default settings for the lights (LEDs). After selecting Manual for XTrack indicator, use the key to move the red box cursor to LED 1. Use and keys to enter the distance for the selected LED. Note that the LEDs starts from center of bar to the left or right. Center of bar shows that you are perfectly on the target line. LED1 shows the shortest XTrack from target line. LED12 shows the longest XTrack from target line. Figure 5-96: XTrack Bar Settings AG-NAV Inc. 96 Linav Operations Manual

98 After setting distances for lights on XTrack bar, you can do the same for Angle of Intercept. Use the key to move the red box cursor to the AOI indicator. Use the and keys to toggle the selection of AOI indicator. The blank button indicates Automatic option. The square dot in the button indicates Manual option. When Manual is selected, the LED column for Angle of Intercept will be active for you to enter the angle for each light. Figure 5-97: AOI Indicator Linav shows the default settings for the lights (LEDs). After selecting Manual for AOI indicator, use the key to move the red box cursor to LED 1. Use and keys to enter the distance for the selected LED. Note that the LEDs starts from center of bar to the left or right. Center of bar shows that you are perfectly on the right track or moving parallel to the target line. LED1 shows you are slightly off the target heading. Figure 5-98: AOI Settings AG-NAV Inc. 97 Linav Operations Manual

99 In real flight, you might see that even though you are perfectly on the target line, LED1 and LED2 of AOI might be on. This indicates the wind drift and eventually you will be off the target line. You should use this guidance to correct the aircraft heading to keep the aircraft on the right track Settings Menu - Keys Linav has six keys for system operation. During menu selections before application, key is normally for Cancel or changing menu, and for changing the value of item or parameter, and for selecting item or parameter in current menu, and for accepting the selection or OK. During application, the keys have different functions: for exiting area, for changing functions of the 4 Control Keys from to. The functions of the 4 keys are shown in the Control Menu on screen. Depending on preference, you can assign functions for keys,, and for the most convenient use during application. Control Menu Figure 5-99: Linav Display Control Menu AG-NAV Inc. 98 Linav Operations Manual

100 To access the Settings editor, select Application from the Main menu. Figure 5-100: Application - Settings Use the or keys to select Settings from the menu options. The word Settings at the top of screen should change to white. Figure 5-101: Settings Menu - Keys To program functions for keys to for use during application, select Keys from the Settings menu using or key, then press. The editor for Key or Control Menu settings opens. It contains 7 pages of Control Menus settings corresponding to 7 operating modes. The name of each mode is displayed on the tab at the top of each page. Depending on application mode, there are different Control Menus for each mode. To quickly switch between pages, press. Flight Modes Control Menus Figure 5-102: Key Settings Old Area AG-NAV Inc. 99 Linav Operations Manual

101 Linav provides controls or functions appropriate for each flight mode when flying an old area or generating a new area. The first column shows the functions for key. The second column shows the functions for key, the third column for key and the fourth column for key. Each row has one function for each key and makes a Control Set or Control Menu. It is recommended to edit the Control Menus in the way that is the most convenient for the operator to do his or her job. Based on application requirements, more functions will be implemented into Linav software and more Control Menus will be presented in the Key Settings in the future. To edit the settings, press or to bring the red box cursor to the desired item. Press or to toggle through the list of functions until the desired function appears. Press or use the Next page button to move to the next page. The following figures show a suggestion of Control Menus for each mode. 1. Keys Old Area Control Menus for Old Area are for Grid mode, used when you open an area file that already exists in the Linav s disk. Put in the Control Menus the functions that you will use. Remove the functions that you do not need. Figure 5-103: Control Menus for Grid Mode ZoomIn+: Zoom in map display. Screen scale becomes smaller. ZoomOut-: Zoom out map display. Screen scale becomes bigger. PrevLL: Shift the Locked Line to the Previous grid line. NextLL: Shift the Locked Line to the Next grid line. ClstLine: Shift the Locked Line to the line closest to the aircraft. NewGrid: Change grid line direction by creating a new AB line or entering two points. AG-NAV Inc. 100 Linav Operations Manual

102 WayPMode: Go to the Waypoint mode. MapMode: Go to the Map mode. Left/Right/Up/Down: Shift the map Left/Right/Up/Down respectively. Info: Turn on/off information panel for time, coordinates, area size, etc NavInfo: Turn on/off the NavInfo panel and Altitude bar. AltGrd: display the Altitude Grid on the map. AltProf: Turn on/off the Altitude Profile window. LineMode: Change to Grid Line Guidance. AWayPnt: Enter a new waypoint for the new area. XWayPnt: Enter a new cross-country waypoint. PUP: Enter a new obstacle point (tower, high dead tree, etc ) Blank: Do nothing. Dim+: Increase the intensity of lightbar. This is for current application only. If you want permanent setting for lightbar, enter the desired value for Brightness % in Settings Guidance. Dim-: Decrease the intensity of lightbar. This is for current application only. If you want permanent setting for lightbar, enter the desired value for Brightness % in Settings Guidance. AG-NAV Inc. 101 Linav Operations Manual

103 2. Keys New Area L/R Control menus for New Area L/R are used when you generate a new area by entering the AB line. The area is generated to the left or right of the AB line. If you always make Area Left, you can replace the key AreaRght with something else, for example NextPnt. If you use both left and right, you should have both functions there. Figure 5-104: Control Menus for New Area Generation AB Line Left/Right AreaLeft: Enter point A for area that will be generated on the left side of the AB line. Note that point A can also be entered by pressing <NextPnt>. AreaRght: Enter point A for area that will be generated on the right side of the AB line. Note that point A can also be entered by pressing <NextPnt>. NextPnt: Enter point A or B for AB line. ZoomIn+: Zoom in map display. Screen scale becomes smaller. ZoomOut-: Zoom out map display. Screen scale becomes bigger. AWayPnt: Enter a new waypoint for the new area. XWayPnt: Enter a new cross-country waypoint. PUP: Enter a new obstacle point (tower, high dead tree, etc ) AG-NAV Inc. 102 Linav Operations Manual

104 3. Keys NewArea Split Control menus for New Area Split are used when you generate a new area by entering 3 points ABC. Figure 5-105: Control Menus for New Area Generation Center Split NextPnt: Enter point A, B, or C. ZoomIn+: Zoom in map display. Screen scale becomes smaller. ZoomOut-: Zoom out map display. Screen scale becomes bigger. AWayPnt: Enter a new waypoint for the new area. XWayPnt: Enter a new cross-country waypoint. PUP: Enter a new obstacle point (tower, high dead tree, etc ) AG-NAV Inc. 103 Linav Operations Manual

105 4. Keys New Area Mark Control menus for New Area Mark are used when you generate a new area by entering 3 or more points to form a polygon depicting the boundary of a survey area. Figure 5-106: Control Menus for New Area Generation Area Mark NextPnt: Enter a point or corner of a survey area. ZoomIn+: Zoom in map display. Screen scale becomes smaller. ZoomOut-: Zoom out map display. Screen scale becomes bigger. AWayPnt: Enter a new waypoint for the new area. XWayPnt: Enter a new cross-country waypoint. PUP: Enter a new obstacle point (tower, high dead tree, etc ) AG-NAV Inc. 104 Linav Operations Manual

106 5. Keys New Area Contour Control menus for New Area Contour are used when you generate a new area by flying along the boundary of the survey area. Figure 5-107: Control Menus for New Area Generation Contour NextPnt: Enter a point or corner of a survey area. EndArea: Finish area generation and continue in Grid mode. ZoomIn+: Zoom in map display. Screen scale becomes smaller. ZoomOut-: Zoom out map display. Screen scale becomes bigger. AWayPnt: Enter a new waypoint for the new area. XWayPnt: Enter a new cross-country waypoint. PUP: Enter a new obstacle point (tower, high dead tree, etc ) AG-NAV Inc. 105 Linav Operations Manual

107 6. Keys Waypoint Control menus for Waypoint are used when you work in the Waypoint mode. Figure 5-108: Control Menus for Waypoint ZoomIn+: Zoom in map display. Screen scale becomes smaller. ZoomOut-: Zoom out map display. Screen scale becomes bigger. PntGuide: Select Point Guidance. Point guidance guides you to fly from aircraft to the destination waypoint. The destination starts from COR1 for corner 1 of survey area. SegGuide: Select Segment Guidance. Segment guidance guides you to fly from one waypoint to the next waypoint along the segment or line formed by the two waypoints. This may be used for power lines, rail roads, or special flight lines. PrevWPnt: Select Previous Waypoint for destination when using Point Guidance. Select Previous Segment when using Segment Guidance. Note that two consecutive waypoints in the list of waypoints make a segment. NextWPnt: Select Next Waypoint for destination when using Point Guidance. Select Next Segment when using Segment Guidance. AWayPnt: Enter a new waypoint for the new area. XWayPnt: Enter a new cross-country waypoint. GridMode: Go to the Grid mode. PUP: Enter a new obstacle point (tower, high dead tree, etc ) AG-NAV Inc. 106 Linav Operations Manual

108 7. Keys - Map Control menus for Map are used when you work in the Map mode. The Map mode is used to view the survey area(s), grid lines, locked line and flight data. Figure 5-109: Control Menus for Map ZoomIn+: Zoom in map display. Screen scale becomes smaller. ZoomOut-: Zoom out map display. Screen scale becomes bigger. GridMode: Go to the Grid mode. BestHead: Calculate best heading and generate grid lines based on this heading. The best heading is the one that produces the least number of grid lines. NextHead: Calculate the heading of the next side of survey area and generate grid lines based on this heading. Corners 1 and 2 makes the first side of survey area, corners 2 and 3 make the second side, etc. When you use NextHead, Linav will start from side 1 for heading to the last side formed by the last and first corners. PrevLL: Shift Locked Line to the Previous grid line. NextLL: Shift Locked Line to the Next grid line. SelectLL or SetLL: Select the Locked Line and go to the Grid mode. Do this when you see the locked line at the right location. This is a way to select the locked line while on the ground or to fix a gap in the area. Left/Right/Up/Down: Shift the map Left/Right/Up/Down respectively. AWayPnt: Enter a new waypoint for the new area. XWayPnt: Enter a new cross-country waypoint. PUP: Enter a new obstacle point (tower, high dead tree, etc ) AG-NAV Inc. 107 Linav Operations Manual

109 5.9.6 Settings Menu Display The Display Settings are used to set up the options for display on the main screen. Depending on the application, you can turn on or off the display of guidance, map rotation and aircraft icon. The Display settings are used for both new and old areas. To access the Settings editor, select Application from the Main menu. Figure 5-110: Application - Settings Use the or keys to select Settings from the menu options. The word Settings at the top of screen should change to white. Figure 5-111: Settings Menu - Display To check or change the display settings, select Display from the Settings menu using or, then press The editor for Display Settings opens. Figure 5-112: Display Settings AG-NAV Inc. 108 Linav Operations Manual

110 In the edit box Navigation parameters, Use and to select the parameter to be edited. A hint is shown for brief description. Use and to change the value of parameter. When finish all editing, move the red box cursor to OK button using or. Then press to save the changes or press to cancel all changes. Below is the description of parameters: - Screen Guidance: The screen guidance shows the bars (XTrack and Angle of Intercept), left and right information. This is also called internal lightbar. Select Yes to turn on the display of this guidance. If you do not need guidance, select No to turn off the screen guidance to get more space for Map area. The default is Yes. - Lightbar Guidance: If you have a lightbar or pilot indicator connected to Linav, it will show guidance on the lightbar as well. Depending on the type of lightbar used, the lightbar may show more information than the screen guidance. Select Yes if you want Linav to show the guidance on the lightbar. If you do not need guidance, select No to turn off the lightbar guidance. The default is Yes. - Rotate Map: Turn on/off the map rotation based on the guide line heading. This parameter should be Yes in most cases. However if you want to see the map to be shown North up all the times, select No for not rotating the map. - Vehicle or Aircraft Up: Select Yes to always display the aircraft icon moving up screen. Select No to show the aircraft moving up and down screen depending on the current heading of aircraft. Even though this parameter works independently from the Rotate Map parameter, to avoid confusion, you should select the same option Yes or No for both Vehicle Up and Rotate Map. - Info1 / Info2 / Info3: Information to be shown at the bottom right corner of screen. The defaults are LN# (line number), GT (ground track), and LSP (line spacing). AG-NAV Inc. 109 Linav Operations Manual

111 5.9.7 Settings Menu Data Output Linav can send data out to other devices for recording or further processing via its COM3 or COM4. To access the Settings editor for Data Output, select Application from the Main menu. Figure 5-113: Application - Settings Use the or keys to select Settings from the menu options. The word Settings at the top of screen should change to white. Figure 5-114: Settings Menu Data Output Select Data Output from the Settings menu using and, then press. The editor for Data Output opens. Figure 5-115: Data Output Settings AG-NAV Inc. 110 Linav Operations Manual

112 In the Data Output box, Use and to select the parameter to be edited. A hint is shown for brief description. Use and to change the value of parameter. When finish all editing, press to select OK button. Then press to save the changes or press to cancel all changes. Below is the description of parameters: - Comport: Refers to which comport of the Linav is used to send data out. The default is 4. You should use this comport unless you have a good reason to use a different one. By default, Linav uses comport 1 for lightbar, comport 2 for GPS receiver, comport 3 for data input and comport 4 for data output. Make sure that the comport you choose is not already used by any other device. - Baud rate: Defines the baud rate that Linav will send data. There are 3 options to select from: 9600, 19200, and The default is Data Output: Defines the type of data that will be output. Options are RMS, Aeroquest, GPS, dummy1, dummy2, and none. Choose the right type of data that you require. If you do not want Linav to send data out, select None. - Lead time: Set the lead time for Linav to output data. If your receiving device needs time to prepare for the data transmission, you can set it here. - Output interval: Defines interval in seconds for Linav to send data out. The default value is 0.2 seconds. To enter a correct value, you should know how often your receiving device accepts new data. AG-NAV Inc. 111 Linav Operations Manual

113 5.9.8 Settings Menu Data Input Linav can accept data from other devices via its COM3 or COM4. In the current software version (1.0.0), Linav can receive data from the Ag Laser Altimeter and use it to calculate altitude guidance. To access the Settings editor for Data Input, select Application from the Main menu. Figure 5-116: Application - Settings Use the or keys to select Settings from the menu options. The word Settings at the top of screen should change to white. Figure 5-117: Settings Menu Data Input Select Data Input from the Settings menu using or, then press. The editor for Data Input opens. Figure 5-118: Data Input Settings AG-NAV Inc. 112 Linav Operations Manual

114 In the Data Input box, Use and to select the parameter to be edited. A hint is shown for brief description. Use and to change the value of parameter. When finish all editing, press to select OK button. Then press to save the changes or press to cancel all changes. Below is the description of parameters: - Comport: Refers to which comport of the Linav is used to receive data. The default is 3. You should use this comport unless you have a good reason to use a different one. By default, Linav uses comport 1 for lightbar, comport 2 for GPS receiver, comport 3 for data input and comport 4 for data output. - Baud rate: Defines the baud rate at which Linav will receive data. Default value is Data Input: select the type of device that outputs data to Linav. In the current software version, Linav only supports Ag Laser Altimeter. If you do not have any device output data to Linav, select No. AG-NAV Inc. 113 Linav Operations Manual

115 5.10 Help Menu Help Menu - Restore All settings described in the previous sections are saved in a file called navigate.ini. When you select to fly an area, LiNav copies the navigate.ini file to the data folder. You can make a backup of settings for future use by copying this file to a USB key using the File Manager. When you update Linav software, the manufacturer s settings may overwrite your current settings. You can restore your own settings by using the Restore function. You can use the Restore function to get back the good settings if you find something went wrong in the current settings. To restore settings, select Application from the Main menu. Figure 5-119: Application - Help Use the or keys to select Help from the menu options. The word Help at the top of screen should change to white. Figure 5-120: Help Menu Restore Select Restore from the Help menu using or, then press. A dialog is shown for you to confirm the restoration of settings. Figure 5-121: Setting Restore Confirmation Press to restore settings; or press to cancel. AG-NAV Inc. 114 Linav Operations Manual

116 Help Menu About The About function shows the information about the Navigate module. The information includes the system name, version number, release date, and name of manufacturer. To get the module information, select Application from the Main menu. Figure 5-122: Application - Help Figure 5-123: Help Menu About Use the or keys to select Help from the menu options. The word Help at the top of screen should change to white. Select About from the Help menu using and, then press AG-NAV Inc. 115 Linav Operations Manual

117 The information about the Navigate module is shown. Figure 5-124: About Information Note that the word beta means the software has been sent out to customers for testing, it is not released yet. After getting the information, press to close the dialog. AG-NAV Inc. 116 Linav Operations Manual

118 6. File Manager After finishing your mission or application on an area, you may want to get the data and process it in office or send it to your clients. Linav provides the File Manager for this purpose. You can copy data files from Linav to a USB key, or vice versa. For terminology, USB key, USB memory stick, USB storage media mean the same thing and are used interchangeably. Remember that when we ask you to press a function key, it means you should press the key with the function name shown on top. For example, when we ask you to press <Copy>, you should press the key that has the label Copy shown on top. If you do not see the function you require in the Control Menu, press to change the Control Menu. Figure 6-1: Main Menu - File Manager To run the File Manager, use the or keys to move the red box cursor to File Manager in Main Menu, then press. AG-NAV Inc. 117 Linav Operations Manual

119 Upon launching, the File Manager checks for USB storage media. If none is found, it displays a warning message. In this case, make sure that a USB memory stick is inserted, then press to ask Linav to check for USB media again. Or you can press to work with files on the local hard disk only. Figure 6-2: Detect USB Media The left panel shows the files on local disk in the Linav system. The right panel shows the files on USB media. The panel that has the red thick line at the top is the active panel. As in example, the left panel is active. At the top of each panel, the free space on disk is shown. Figure 6-3: File Manager - Controls The keys from to have many functions. The function of each key is shown above the key label. To change the function of the keys press. AG-NAV Inc. 118 Linav Operations Manual

120 Before performing any file operation, you must first select files to be copied, moved, deleted or viewed. To select one file only, use or to move the highlight bar to that file. To select many files at the same time, move the highlight bar to each file and press <Tag> to select it. A check mark ( ) will be displayed before each selected file. To deselect a file, move the highlight bar to that file and press <Tag> again. AG-NAV Inc. 119 Linav Operations Manual

121 6.1 File Manager Copy Files To copy areas, first select files to be copied. Note that even though you select only nme files, all files (grid lines, log file, application data files, etc ) associated with the selected areas will be copied as well. Therefore when you copy area files manually from USB key to another USB key or to PC (e.g. using drag & drop in Microsoft Windows), you must copy all the files and folders that have the same name as the area files as well. As an example, we will copy 3 areas from Linav to a USB key. To select a file, use or to move the highlight bar to the desired file. If you are copying many files at the same time, press <Tag> to tag the files. Note the check mark at the beginning of each selected file. This indicates the file is tagged. Figure 6-4: Tag Files AG-NAV Inc. 120 Linav Operations Manual

122 To copy the tagged files, press <Copy> The progress of the operation will be shown on screen. Figure 6-5: Copy Files At the end of copy operation, the right panel shows the copied files on USB media. And the original files are deselected (no checkmarks). Figure 6-6: Copy Files - Done AG-NAV Inc. 121 Linav Operations Manual

123 6.2 File Manager Move Files Select Move when you want to move areas and data from one disk (source) to another (target). When done, the files will disappear from the source. To move files: Use and to highlight the desired files. If you are moving many files at the same time, use <Tag> to tag the files. Press <Move>. Figure 6-7: Move Files Note that when you move files from Linav to a USB key, Linav will delete the areas and all associate data files on the hard drive without asking for confirmation. To avoid losing data, always make sure that your USB key is good and has enough space to hold all data files. Actually you can do File Move in two steps: First copy tagged files to another media, then delete the tagged files. This way you have a chance to change your mind about deleting files. AG-NAV Inc. 122 Linav Operations Manual

124 6.3 File Manager Delete Flight Data For the Delete functions to show in the Control Menu, press until you see them. You can select to delete areas and all flight data files together, or delete flight data only. To delete flight data only: Use and to highlight the desired file. If you want to delete many files at the same time, press <Tag> to tag the files. Press <Del Data> to start the deleting process. Figure 6-8: Delete Flight Data Before deleting flight data, Linav provides a confirmation dialogue to give you the last chance to change your mind about deleting data. Press to select OK if you still want to delete the data files. If you change your mind, press to cancel deletion. Figure 6-9: Delete Data - Confirmation AG-NAV Inc. 123 Linav Operations Manual

125 After deleting, the display is updated. No files tagged. Note that only the flight data files were deleted, the area files remain intact. Figure 6-10: Flight Data Deleted AG-NAV Inc. 124 Linav Operations Manual

126 6.4 File Manager Delete Areas When deleting areas, Linav will delete area files *.nme and all flight data recorded for the selected areas and projects. To delete areas and projects: Use and to highlight the desired area. Use <Tag> to select many files at the same time. Then press <Del Area> to begin the deleting process. Press to select <OK> to confirm deletion. The selected areas and all associated files will be deleted. Or press to cancel deletion. Figure 6-2: Delete Areas After deleting, the display will be updated. Figure 6-12: Deleting Areas Done AG-NAV Inc. 125 Linav Operations Manual

127 6.5 File Manager View File To view the information saved in an area file, press until View is shown in the Control Menu. Use and to highlight the file you want to view. When the desired area file is highlighted, press <View> to show the area details. The red box cursor indicates the active window that you can access. In the active window, you can move the highlight bar up and down to view more information. In the active window, use the or key to move the highlight bar up or down to display more information. The first window shows the surveying and guidance parameters. Figure 6-3: View File Information Press to move the red box cursor to the second window to show Area Corners. This would be the place to check if the Central Meridian (CM) is consistent with Longitudes (Lon). The and keys can be used to scroll the highlight bar up and down. This will allow more corners to be seen if there are anymore to display. Figure 6-4: Viewing Corners AG-NAV Inc. 126 Linav Operations Manual

128 Press to move the red box cursor to the third window to show Area Waypoints. If there are any waypoints defined for this area, the waypoints will be shown here. The and keys can be used to scroll the highlight bar up and down. Figure 6-5: View Waypoints When finished with viewing all the information, press to move the red box cursor to the Close button. Press to close View. Figure 6-6: Close View AG-NAV Inc. 127 Linav Operations Manual

129 6.6 File Manager Switch Active Side To operate on files on USB media, the red thick line at the top of active panel must be switched to the right side. To switch from one side to another, press until Switch appears in the Control Menu. Figure 6-7: Switch Active Side Press <Switch> to change the active panel. The red line moves to the other side. As in example, the right panel is active. All the operations shown in the left panel can be done in the right panel. Figure 6-8: Switch Side Done AG-NAV Inc. 128 Linav Operations Manual

130 6.7 File Manager Change Directory Linav is capable of using area files created by an AGNAV2 system. When using DATA COPY USB DISK in the AGNAV2, the area files are saved in the agnav directory or folder in the USB key. When you plug in this USB key to Linav, you will see < agnav > shown on the USB panel. This indicates that the agnav directory exists in the USB key. If you want to copy AGNAV2 files to Linav, you have to go into the agnav directory to see the list of area files. To do that, first switch the active panel to USB using the Switch function. Then press <ChangeDir> to change to the agnav directory. The list of area files in the agnav directory in the USB key will be shown on screen. Now you can copy files to Linav, move or delete areas on the USB key. Figure 6-9: Change Directory Note that after changing directory to agnav, if you do not see any area files shown on the screen, it could be the file extensions such as.no1,.prj are in upper case. For area files created by AGNAV and NavviewW to work in the Linav system, all file extensions must be in lower case. AG-NAV Inc. 129 Linav Operations Manual

131 6.8 File Manager Rename To rename a file: Press until Rename appears in the Control Menu. Move the highlight bar to the desired file using key or. Press key <Rename> The Virtual Keyboard will open allow you to enter the new file name. Please note that you must enter the file name only, do not enter file extension (.nme,.xyz, etc ). The file extension will be kept the same as the old file. Figure 6-20: Rename File After you finish entering new file name, press OK to close the Virtual Keyboard. If there is no file with the same name on the disk, Linav will change the file name. If there is a file with the same name on the disk, Linav will display a warning message. Press OK if you want to overwrite the existing file or Cancel to cancel the task. Figure 6-21: Rename Virtual Keyboard AG-NAV Inc. 130 Linav Operations Manual

132 6.9 File Manager Duplicate Duplicate function is used to make a duplicate of a file. It is similar to copy except the duplicated file will be in the same location as the original. To duplicate a file: Press until Duplicate appears in the Control Menu. Move the highlight bar to the desired file using key or. Press key <Duplicate> The Virtual Keyboard will open allow you to enter a new file name for the duplicate. Please note that you must enter the file name only, do not enter file extension (.nme,.xyz, etc ). The file extension will be kept the same as the original file. Figure 6-22: Duplicate File After you finish entering new file name, press OK to close the Virtual Keyboard. If there is no file with the same name on the disk, Linav will create the duplicate file. If there is a file with the same name on the disk, Linav will display a warning message. Press OK if you want to overwrite the existing file or Cancel to cancel the task. Figure 6-23: Duplicate Virtual Keyboard AG-NAV Inc. 131 Linav Operations Manual

133 6.10 File Manager Exit To exit File Manager, press until Exit appears in the Control Menu. Press <Exit> to close File Manager and return to the Main Menu. Figure 6-24: Exit File Manager AG-NAV Inc. 132 Linav Operations Manual

134 7. Test Linav provides the utilities for testing the GPS receiver, lightbar, and trigger switches. It is best to do a test of all devices after completing hardware installation. Figure 7-1: Main Menu - Selecting Test To access the Test module, use the or key to move the red box cursor to the Test item in the Main menu. Press to run the TEST program. AG-NAV Inc. 133 Linav Operations Manual

135 7.1 Test Menu Comport Linav has 4 comports. By default, comport 1 is for lightbar, comport 2 for GPS data, comport 3 for data input, comport 4 for data output. Comport is used to test data input from a comport, mainly data from a GPS receiver. This test should be done after installing the GPS receiver. It is also advised to do this test when Linav displays a warning saying No GPS. Figure 7-2: Test - Comport To test the GPS receiver, select Comport by using the or key if Comport is not already highlighted by the red box cursor. Once Comport has been selected, press to activate it. AG-NAV Inc. 134 Linav Operations Manual

136 The Comport Test window comes up. The top of window shows Comport and Baud Rate. Comport always starts with the comport number designated for GPS data. The default Baud Rate is the baud rate set for GPS receiver in the GPS Settings. Baud rate indicates how fast data is transmitted or received. If there is any data coming into the current comport, the data will be shown on screen. The GPS data should be readable. You can pause the scrolling by pressing to check the data. What we need to check are the two strings: One starts with $GPGGA and the other starts with $GPVTG. The $GPGGA string shows the GPS time, coordinates, status, number of satellites, HDOP, and other information. The $GPVTG string shows the ground heading and ground speed of aircraft. Figure 7-3: Testing GPS To have good GPS data, you may have to bring the GPS antenna outside to get better view of satellites. If the antenna does not have good view of sky, you may have to wait a long time for the receiver to search for satellites. If the data is scrolling but not readable (no $GPGGA), you should change the baud rate to a different value. The options are 9600, and If the data is readable at some baud rate, you know that the GPS receiver is sending data at this rate. In this case, you know that the default value does not work and you have to change the baud rate value in the GPS Settings for Linav to get the GPS data properly. AG-NAV Inc. 135 Linav Operations Manual

137 The Comport Test can be used to test other comports as well. For example, to test data output to another device, change Comport to 4 and change Baud Rate to the baud rate that your receiving device is running at. To change the comport number, the comport edit box must be highlighted by the red box cursor. Use the and keys to move the cursor. Once the comport edit box is selected, use the and keys to change the comport number. To change the baud rate, the baud rate edit box must be highlighted by the red box cursor. Use the and keys to move the cursor. Once the baud rate edit box is selected, use the and keys to change the baud rate value. The available options are ranging from 1200 to Figure 7-4: Change Baud Rate To test data input, select comport 3 and baud rate set to the baud rate of the output device. The data received might be binary, i.e. not readable. Unless you know your output device is sending text data, do not try to change the baud rate to be able to read the data. The data shown on screen is a proof of successful communications between Linav and the other device. Do not try to test the lightbar in Comport Test. Lightbar Test is described in the next section. To exit Comport Test, use the. key to move the red box cursor to the Exit button, then press AG-NAV Inc. 136 Linav Operations Manual

138 7.2 Test Menu Light Bar After installing the lightbar or when you see some problem with the lightbar, you should run the Light Bar Test. Figure 7-5: Test - Light Bar To test the lightbar, select Light Bar by using the or key to move the red box cursor to the Light Bar item in the Test Menu. Then press to activate it. The Lightbar Test window comes up. Check the display on the external lightbar, you should see the same information and bars as you see on the screen. If you do not see anything displayed on the external lightbar, you should check the test parameters and make sure they have correct value or setting. The Lightbar Test has three parameters that you can change: - Comport: The value must be 1. You should not change the comport number. - Baud rate: The value must be You should not change the baud rate. - LightBar: Select the type of lightbar. At the present, you can test Bright Lightbar and Trimble AG21 lightbar only. Other options will be implemented into the Test program in the future. Do not try to test the NavBar and Smart Lightbar with this Test. AG-NAV Inc. 137 Linav Operations Manual

139 The figures below shows the Bright Lightbar test. Figure 7-6: Test Bright Lightbar Figure 7-7: Test Lightbar - Exit To exit the Light Bar Test, use key. to move the red box cursor to the Exit button then push AG-NAV Inc. 138 Linav Operations Manual

140 7.3 Test Menu Check Time Check Time is used to check and change the date and time in Linav. Figure 7-8: Check Time To check the date and time, select Check Time by using the and keys to move the red box cursor to the Check Time item in the Test Menu. Then press to activate it. AG-NAV Inc. 139 Linav Operations Manual

141 The date and time edit boxes are displayed on the screen. To change any information, use the and keys to move the red box cursor to the desired item, and use or to change the value. The time in the Linav is the GPS time. It should not be changed. Figure 7-9: Check and Edit Date To exit the editor, move the red box cursor to the OK button and press to accept the changes. Or select Cancel to exit without changing the date and time. Figure 7-10: Exit Date and Time Editor AG-NAV Inc. 140 Linav Operations Manual

142 7.4 Test Menu Trigger Switch After installing the trigger switches or when you find the trigger switches do not work properly, you should run Trigger Switch test. Figure 7-11: Test - Boom Switch To test the trigger switches, select Trigger Switch by using the and keys to move the red box cursor to the Trigger Switch item in the Test Menu. Then press to activate it. AG-NAV Inc. 141 Linav Operations Manual

143 The Linav system supports up to 4 trigger switches. From top to bottom, the trigger switches are identified as trigger switch #1, #2, #3, and #4 respectively. Figure 7-12: Trigger Switch Test To test the trigger switches, close the contact of each switch. The contact status should be shown on screen accordingly. If trigger switch 1 is closed, the first circuit at the top on the display will be closed. To exit the test, select OK by pressing the key. Figure 7-13: Trigger Switch 1 Closed AG-NAV Inc. 142 Linav Operations Manual

144 7.5 Test Menu Exit Figure 7-14: Test - Exit To exit the Test module, use the and keys to move the red box cursor to the Exit item in the Test Menu. Then press to return to the Main Menu. AG-NAV Inc. 143 Linav Operations Manual

145 8. Training The Training module is used for practicing the real time Navigate module before actually going on a mission. The Training module operates exactly the same as the Navigate module except that the GPS data is simulated (no GPS receiver needed) and you can use arrow keys on a USB keyboard to control the aircraft. Note that in order to control the aircraft in Training mode, you must have a USB keyboard (can be purchased with the Linav system) connected to the Linav through the USB port. Control Keys (on keyboard): Left Arrow: steer the aircraft left Right Arrow: steer the aircraft right Up Arrow: increase speed (also increase altitude) Down Arrow: decrease speed (also decrease altitude) AG-NAV Inc. 144 Linav Operations Manual

146 9. System Menu When you turn on Linav, the Main Menu and System Menu are shown. The System Menu consists of the File and Help items. System Menu Main Menu Figure 9-1: Main Display 9.1 System Menu File The first item of the System Menu is "File". This is itself a menu called the File Menu. This menu contains the same items as in the Main menu. The blue highlight bar indicates the selected item, for example Navigate. Pressing the key will launch the "Navigate" module. Use the key to move the highlight bar up, to move the bar down. Figure 9-2: File Menu AG-NAV Inc. 145 Linav Operations Manual

147 9.2 System Menu - Help Help is the second item of the System menu. It is also a menu that has utilities to keep the Linav system running properly. Figure 9-3: System Menu - Help To change from File to Help in the System menu, press key press. to highlight Help, then AG-NAV Inc. 146 Linav Operations Manual

148 9.2.1 Help Menu About About is the first item of Help. Select About from the Help menu using. and Once About is highlighted, press to open About. Figure 9-4: Help Menu About The About window shows the software version and manufacturer. Figure 9-5: About Information After viewing the information, to close About, press to select OK. Note that when a dialog is shown, the key is used to select OK and to select Cancel. AG-NAV Inc. 147 Linav Operations Manual

149 9.2.2 Help Menu Update Update is used to update the Linav software. You should have the Linav software update files on a USB memory stick before running Update. This is called the USB Update disk. To update the Linav software, use the key to select Update. or Then press. Figure 9-6: Help - Update If the Update disk is not inserted, Linav will prompt you to plug in the USB Update disk. Insert the Update disk to the USB port. Wait for about 15 seconds for the system to detect the disk then press to continue. If the Update disk is not available, press Update. Note that when a dialog is shown, the select OK and to select Cancel. to cancel key is used to Figure 9-7: Update Insert Update Disk When Update continues, the update files are read and Linav software updated. When done, the status of Update is displayed. Press to finish Update. Note that you must have the right update files for the system to run properly after updating. Figure 9-8: Update Done AG-NAV Inc. 148 Linav Operations Manual

150 9.2.3 Help Menu Product Key This is where you can do the system activation. Each Linav system is encoded with a unique product key and authority code. The product key is entered by the manufacturer. Figure 9-9: Help Product key Help Menu Validate Product Validate Product is used to activate the LiNav unit. This is done by the manufacturer. Figure 9-17: Help Validate Product AG-NAV Inc. 149 Linav Operations Manual

151 9.2.5 Help Menu Language Linav can run in English or Spanish. To change the current language, select Language from the Help Menu. Then press. Figure 9-19: Help - Language In the Language dialogue, use keys and to select the desired language. When done, press selection. twice to select OK and save the To cancel the selection, just press language option is used.. The original Figure 9-20: Select Language AG-NAV Inc. 150 Linav Operations Manual