CHAPTER1 : Part 2 INTRODUCTION & HISTORY OF COMPUTERS. UNIVERSITI TENAGA NASIONAL Generates Professionals
|
|
- Alicia Arnold
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 CHAPTER1 : Part 2 INTRODUCTION & HISTORY OF COMPUTERS
2 Module Objectives At the end of the module, students should be able to: appreciate and understand the history of computers. describe the generations of computer design leading up to the present describe the story of personal computer development characterize the relative size, scope, uses and variety of available computer systems.
3 Computer History - The Early Days Charles Babbage proposed a machine to calculate tables for logarithms and trigonometric functions, called the Difference Engine. Before completing the machine, he invented in 1833 the more sophisticated Analytic Engine that uses punch cards to control the arithmetic calculations The machine is programmable, has storage capabilities, and control flow mechanisms it is a general purpose computer. The Analytic Engine was never completed. Augusta Ada Lovelace writes the first program for the Analytical Engine (to calculate Bernoulli numbers). Some consider her as the first programmer.
4 Charles Babbage s Analytical Engine
5 Computer History - The Early Days The calculation devices weren t a commercial success pencil and paper was cheap and fast enough. The 1890 US census demanded larger data processing power, because more questions were asked. Hermann Hollerith provided the data processing equipment. Hollerith s company later became a core part of IBM. Census - An official, usually periodic enumeration of a population, often including the collection of related demographic information.
6 Hollerith s Machine Hollerith Electric Tabulator, US Census Bureau, Washington, DC, 1908, Photograph by Waldon Fawcett. Library of Congress, LC-USZ
7 Analog Computing??? The digital computing methods of Babbage and Hollerith did not lead directly to the modern computer. In fact, analogue computing devices were much more common in , especially for scientific computations. In 1930, Vannevar Bush (MIT) constructed a large differential analyzer that was capable of integration and differentiation. The common conception was that analogue computing has many advantages over digital computation (and one finds constructions of analogue computers until the 1960 s).
8 The Start of the Modern Era Atanasoff Berry Computer (ABC) an experimental machine for solving systems of simultaneous linear equations Iowa State University by Dr. John Vincent Atanasoff and Clifford E. Berry. Use electronics for arithmetical calculation described as the first "electronic digital computer". However, it was not a stored program machine, which distinguishes it from later, more general machines,
9 The Start of the Modern Era Howard Aiken funded by IBM built Mark I 8 feet high and 55 feet long, made of streamlined steel and glass the first large scale automatic digital computer in the USA
10 The Start of the Modern Era 1946 Dr. John Mauchly ENIAC - Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer 1950 John Von Neumann EDVAC - Electronic Discrete Variable Computer
11 The Beginning of the Computer Age The computer age is remarkable where so much has happened in short period of time. Four generations of technology happened in about 55 years. The timing of each generation is according to the beginning of commercial delivery of the hardware technology The beginning of the commercial computer age can be dated to June 14, This was the day the first UNIVAC--Universal Automatic Computer was delivered to a client, the U.S. Bureau of the Census, for use in tabulating the previous year's census.
12 The Beginning of the Computer Age In about 55 years, we have leapfrogged through four generations of technology The vacuum tube The transistor The integrated circuit The microprocessor
13 Computer Generations - The 1 st Gen The First Generation, The Vacuum Tube electronic tubes the size of light bulbs used as the internal computer components generated a great deal of heat problems in temperature regulation and climate control subject to frequent burnout people operating the computer did not know whether the problem was in the programming or in the machine. language used in programming was machine language, which uses numbers making programming the computer difficult and timeconsuming.
14 Computer Generations - The 1 st Gen The First Generation, : The Vacuum Tube
15 Computer Generations - The 2 nd Gen The Second Generation, The Transistor Bell Lab scientists J. Bardeen, H. W. Brattain, and W. Shockley developed the transistor Transistors much smaller than vacuum tubes, needed no warm-up time, consumed less energy, and were faster and more reliable.
16 Computer Generations - The 2 nd Gen A replica of the first transistor invented at Bell Labs, December 23, 1947
17 Computer Generations - The 2 nd Gen During this generation another important development was the move from machine language to assembly languages, also called symbolic languages After the development of symbolic languages came high-level languages, such as FORTRAN (1954) and COBOL (1959) the first removable disk pack was marketed. Disk storage supplemented magnetic tape systems and enabled users to have fast access to desired data. Throughout this period computers were being used principally by business, university, and government organizations. They had not filtered down to the general public.
18 Computer Generations - The 3 rd Gen The Third Generation, The Integrated Circuit (IC) An integrated circuit (IC) is a complete electronic circuit on a small chip of silicon which is a semiconductor. In 1965 integrated circuits began to replace transistors in computers. The chips were hailed as a generational breakthrough because they had desirable characteristics: reliability, compactness low cost. The beginning of the third generation was trumpeted by the IBM 360 series.
19 Computer Generations - The 3 rd Gen An integrated circuit (IC) Intel 4004 IC
20 Computer Generations - The 4 th Gen The Fourth Generation, Present: The Microprocessor Perhaps the most far-reaching contribution of the 360 series was IBM's decision to unbundled the software, that is, to sell the software separately from the hardware. This approach led to the creation of today's software industry. Software became more sophisticated during this third generation. Through the 1970s computers gained dramatically in speed, reliability, and storage capacity, The fourth generation was, in fact, an extension of third-generation technology. A microprocessor contains millions of tiny transistors
21 Computer Generations - The 4 th Gen The general-purpose processor-on-a-chip, also known as the microprocessor, became commercially available in Computer power become more apparent with the use of the microprocessor. Common applications of the microprocessor digital watches pocket calculators personal computers virtually every machine in the home or business cars, copy machines, television sets, bread-making machines, etc Computers today are 100 times smaller than those of the first generation, and a single chip is far more powerful than ENIAC.
22 Do You Know??? The first microprocessor, the Intel 4004 with 2300 transistors and 3mmx4mm size, was introduced in 1971.
23 Do You Know??? The Pentium 4 was introduced in It had 42 million transistors and a 1,400-1,500MHz clock speed. The die size was 224mm2
24 Computer Generations - The 5 th Gen The Fifth Generation: Onwards Term coined by the Japanese to describe the powerful, "intelligent" computers they wanted to build by the mid-1990s. The term evolved to encompass elements in several research fields related to computer intelligence: artificial intelligence, expert systems, and natural language. The true focus is connectivity where the massive industry effort to permit users to connect their computers to other computers. The concept of the information superhighway has captured the imaginations of both computer professionals and everyday computer users.
25 Technology Generations
26 Can Computers Think? What do you think computers of the next 50 years will be like? Discuss in your group in terms of the functions/features of future computers Activity
27 Categories of Computers Personal Computers Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices Game Consoles Servers Mainframes Supercomputers Embedded Computers
28 Personal Computers A computer that can perform all of its input, processing, output and storage activities by itself. It contains: - A processor - Memory - Input devices - Output devices - Storage devices 2 types of personal computers are desktop computers and notebook computers
29 Personal Computers Desktop computers Also known as PCs, microcomputers, or home computers Broken down into three categories: Low-end computers Fully-powered personal computers Workstations Network computer Central processing unit and minimal memory Designed to be used on a network Sometimes called thin client
30 PC Categories Low-end computers Fine for home users, word processing, simple games, Internet access Fully powered computers Good for heavy use of graphics, programming, or action-oriented games Workstations Very high-end computers used by engineers, financial traders, and graphic designers
31 Mobile Computers & Mobile Devices Mobile computer personal computer you can carry from place to place. Eg: notebook, netbook, tablet PCs Mobile device computing device small enough to hold in your hand. Eg: PDA, e-book readers, handheld computer, portable media players - Can connect a mobile device to a personal computer to exchange information - Internet-enabled
32 Mobile Computer: Notebook Computers Also called a laptop computer A portable, designed to fit on your lap Small, lightweight computers Capabilities approach that of desktop computers Similar processing and memory Most have hard disk, and diskette or CD-ROM drive
33 Mobile Computer: Notebook Computers Netbook type of notebook which is smaller, lighter, and often not as powerful as a traditional notebook computer Tablet PCs type of notebook computer that you can interact with by touching the screen with finger or digital pen - Useful especially for taking notes in lectures, at meetings, conferences, forums
34 Smart phones Mobile devices Internet-enabled phone that usually provides personal information management functions such as calendar, appointment book, address book calculator, notepad Offer variety of application software: - Word processing - Spreadsheet - Games - Capable of conducting live video conference
35 Mobile devices PDA Often looks like smart phone Also provides personal information management functions such as calendar, appointment book, address book calculator, notepad Differ from smart phone in a way: - Does not provide phone capabilities - Does not support voice input, built-in camera, portable media player
36 Mobile devices Handheld computer Small enough to fit in one hand Communicate wirelessly with other devices Include digital pen of stylus for input Portable Media Player Mobile device which you can store, organize and play digital media
37 Game Consoles Mobile computing device designed for single-player or multiple player video games Standard game consoles use: o Input handheld controller o Output television screen o Storage hard disk, optical discs, memory card Eg: Xbox 360, Ninetendo s Wii, Sony s Playstation 3
38 Servers Control access to the hardware, software and other resources on network Provides a centralized storage area for programs, data and information It can support from two to several thousand connected computer at the same time
39 Mainframes Large, expensive, powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected user simultaneously. Store tremendous amounts of data, instructions and information. Most major corporations use mainframes for business activities: o To bill millions of customers o Prepare payroll for employees o Manage thousands od items in inventory Can act as servers in network environment
40 Supercomputers The fastest, most powerful and most expensive computers Capable of processing more than one quadrillion of instructions per second Used for very sophisticated applications requiring mammoth data manipulation: Weather forecasting Weapons research Nuclear energy research Application in medicine Automotive design
41 Embedded Computer Special purpose computer that functions as a component in larger product. E.g. Built-in GPS in car, smart rice-cooker, washing machine. Other example?
1.2.1 Electronic computers based on digital switching
1.2.1 Electronic computers based on digital switching The first true digital electronic computer was created by John V Atanasoff during 1937-1942. The Atanasoff-Berry Computer (called ABC figure 2.8) was
More information1: History, Generation & Classification. Shobhanjana Kalita, Dept. of CSE, Tezpur University
1: History, Generation & Classification Shobhanjana Kalita, Dept. of CSE, Tezpur University History Computer originally (17 th century) meant someone who computes Only in the 20 th century it was associated
More informationChapter 2 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTERS
Chapter 2 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTERS History of Computers Outline Generations of Computers Types of Computers 2 History of Computers A computer is a machine that works with data and information
More informationEVOLUTION OF COMPUTERS. In the early years, before the computer was invented, there are several inventions of counting machines.
EVOLUTION OF COMPUTERS In the early years, before the computer was invented, there are several inventions of counting machines. 200 BC 500 BC CHINESE ABACUS EGYPTIAN ABACUS 1620 JOHN NAPIER NAPIER'S BONES
More informationABC Atanasoff-Berry Computer
Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers A Brief History of Computers First Generation computers 1939-1959 Use vacuum tubes and wire circuits 1939 ABC computer completed, clock speed of 60 Hz, uses punch cards
More informationComputers in Engineering COMP 208. A Brief History. Mechanical Calculators. A Historic Perspective Michael A. Hawker
Computers in Engineering COMP 208 A Historic Perspective Michael A. Hawker Sept 4th, 2007 Computers in Engineering 1 A Brief History Abacus considered first mechanical computing device Used beads and rods
More informationComputers in Engineering COMP 208
Computers in Engineering COMP 208 A Historic Perspective Michael A. Hawker Sept 4th, 2007 Computers in Engineering 1 A Brief History Abacus considered first mechanical computing device Used beads and rods
More informationPart 1: Computer and Information Literacy
What is Computer? Understand Computers Part 1: Computer and Information Literacy Computer is an electronic devices that under a program s direction and control, perform four basic operations: Input, Processing,
More informationSecond Generations Computers( )
Second Generations Computers(1954-1962) Second Generations Computers(1954-1962) The invention of the transistor greatly changed the computer's development in 1948. The transistor replaced the large, cumbersome
More informationGreat Inventions written by Bob Barton
COMPUTER Great Inventions written by Bob Barton Computers Computers help society function in many vital ways, often without our being aware of them. Computers control traffic lights and factory operations.
More informationINFS 214: Introduction to Computing
INFS 214: Introduction to Computing Session 1 History of Computing Lecturer: Dr. Ebenezer Ankrah, Dept. of Information Studies Contact Information: eankrah@ug.edu.gh College of Education School of Continuing
More informationOverview of a computer
Overview of a computer One marks 1. What is von Neumann concept also called as? Stored memory or stored program concept. 2. Who is the father of computer Charles Babbage 3. What is a computer? It is an
More informationHISTORY OF COMPUTERS HISTORY OF COMPUTERS. Mesleki İngilizce - Technical English. Punch Card. Digital Data. II Prof. Dr. Nizamettin AYDIN.
Mesleki İngilizce - Technical English II Prof. Dr. Nizamettin AYDIN naydin@yildiz.edu.tr Notes: In the slides, texts enclosed by curly parenthesis, { }, are examples. texts enclosed by square parenthesis,
More informationIntroduction And Communication Technology (ICT) LECTURE: 2
Network: A network is a collection of computers and devices connected together, often wirelessly, via communications devices and transmission media. When a computer connects to a network, it is online.
More informationComputer Organization CS 206T
Computer Organization CS 206T Topics Introduction Historical Background Structure & Function System Interconnection 2 1. Introduction Why study computer organization and architecture? Design better programs,
More informationChapter One. Computers in Context
Chapter One Computers in Context After reading this chapter, you should be able to: Characterize what a computer is and what it does Describe several ways computers play a critical role in modern life
More informationCOMPUTER - GENERATIONS
COMPUTER - GENERATIONS http://www.tutorialspoint.com/computer_fundamentals/computer_generations.htm Copyright tutorialspoint.com Generation in computer terminology is a change in technology a computer
More informationManinder Kaur.
1 Maninder Kaur professormaninder@gmail.com What is a Computer? System Unit A computer is an electronic machine that can be programmed to accept data (input), process it into useful information (output),
More informationHIGHER SECONDARY FIRST YEAR 2 MARK & 5 MARK NOTES CHAPTER 1 1. INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
1. What is computer? CHAPTER 1 1. INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER A computer is an electronic machine, capable of performing basic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, etc. The computer
More informationThe Generations of Computers
The Generations of Computers The development of computers started with mechanical and electromechanical devices (17 th through 19 th century) and has progressed through four generations of computers. Mechanical
More informationComputer Evolution. Budditha Hettige. Department of Computer Science
Computer Evolution Budditha Hettige Department of Computer Science Computer Generation 1. Zeroth generation- Mechanical Computers (1642-1940) 2. First generation - Vacuum Tubes (1940-1955) 3. Second Generation
More informationWelcome to COS151! 1.1
Welcome to COS151! Title: Introduction to Computer Science Course website: https://cs.up.ac.za/admin/courses/cos151 Find the study guide there Announcements Assignments (download & upload) Brief overview
More informationComputer Evolution. Computer Generation. The Zero Generation (3) Charles Babbage. First Generation- Time Line
Computer Generation Computer Evolution Budditha Hettige Department of Computer Science 1. Zeroth generation- Mechanical Computers (1642-1940) 2. First generation - Vacuum Tubes (1940-1955) 3. Second Generation
More informationChapter 1 Introduction to the World of Computers
Understanding Computers in a Changing Society, 3 rd Edition Chapter 1 Introduction to the World of Computers Learning Objectives Explain why it is essential to learn about computers today and discuss several
More informationEvolution of the Computer
Evolution of the Computer Janaka Harambearachchi (Engineer/Systems Development) Zeroth Generation- Mechanical 1. Blaise Pascal -1642 Mechanical calculator only perform + - 2. Von Leibiniz -1672 Mechanical
More informationChapter 1: Introduction to Computers
Slide 1/17 Learning Objectives In this chapter you will learn about: Computer Data processing Characteristic features of computers Computers evolution to their present form Computer generations Characteristic
More informationIntroductory Visualizing Technology
Introductory Visualizing Technology Seventh Edition Chapter 1 What Is a Computer? Learning Objectives 1.1 Explain the Functions of a Computer 1.2 Describe the Evolution of Computer Hardware 1.3 Describe
More informationLearning Objectives. In this chapter you will learn about:
Ref Page Slide 1/17 Learning Objectives In this chapter you will learn about: Computer Data processing Characteristic features of computers Computers evolution to their present form Computer generations
More informationCOMPUTERIZED OFFICE MANAGEMENT
COMPUTERIZED OFFICE MANAGEMENT Module 1 (COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS) COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS : INTRODUCTION : The term computer is derived from the Latin word compute which means to calculate. Computer is a fast
More informationDownloaded from
Learning Objectives : After learning the Unit the students will be able to: learn about the various inventions in computers understand the technological changes occurs in computer in terms of hardware
More informationChapter 1: Introduction to Computers. In this chapter you will learn about:
Ref Page Slide 1/17 Learning Objectives In this chapter you will learn about: Computer Data processing Characteristic features of computers Computers evolution to their present form Computer generations
More informationYou Will Need Floppy Disks for your labs!
CIS121 Instructor: Lynne Mayer VoiceMail: (847) 697-1000 x 2328 Lmayer@elgin.edu Office Hours: ICT 122 Mon.: 9:15-10:15 AM, 5:15-6:00 PM Wed.: 9:15-10:15 AM Fri.: 2:30-3:30 PM Website: faculty.elgin.edu/lmayer
More informationCopyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
1 Technology in Action Technology in Focus: The History of the PC 2 The first personal computer Sold as a kit Switches for input Lights for output Altair 8800 Bill Gates and Paul Allen created a compiler
More informationIntroduction to Computer Science. What is Computer Science?
Introduction to Computer Science CS A101 What is Computer Science? First, some misconceptions. Misconception 1: I can put together my own PC, am good with Windows, and can surf the net with ease, so I
More informationTrends in Computer System Capabilities
Trends in Computer System Capabilities First Generation Second Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation Fifth Generation Trend: Toward Smaller, Faster, More Reliable, and Less Costly Vacuum Tubes
More informationAlgorithm: Program: Programming: Software: Hardware:
0-1 0-2 Terminology Algorithm: A set of steps that defines how a task is performed Program: A representation of an algorithm Programming: The process of developing a program Software: Programs and algorithms
More informationCOURSE OVERVIEW. Introduction to Computer Engineering 2015 Spring by Euiseong Seo
COURSE OVERVIEW Introduction to Computer Engineering 2015 Spring by Euiseong Seo Course Objectives Introduction to computer engineering For computer engineer-wannabe For students studying other fields
More informationChapter 1 Basic Computer Organization
Chapter 1 Basic Computer Organization Course Outcome (CO) CO1 Explain the basic principles of modern computer systems organization Program Outcome (PO) PO1 Apply knowledge of mathematics, science and engineering
More informationSSRVM Content Creation Template
SSRVM Content Creation Template Title: Evolution of Computers Contributors: Sreeja. T Std: IV Submission Date: Reviewers: Approval Date: REF No: Brief Description: Goal: Brief History which reveals a clear
More informationIntroduction to Computer World Fall 2016
Introduction to Computer World Fall 2016 Introduction to Information and Communication Technologies CSD 102 Email: mehwish.fatima@ciitlahore.edu.pk Website: https://sites.google.com/a/ciitlahore.edu.pk/ict/
More informationChapter 1 Introduction to Computers
Discovering Computers 2008 Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers Chapter 1 Objectives Recognize the importance of computer literacy Define the term, computer Identify the components of a computer Discuss
More informationDescribe the layers of a computer system
Chapter 1 The Big Picture Chapter Goals Describe the layers of a computer system Describe the concept of abstraction and its relationship to computing Describe the history of computer hardware and software
More informationTHE GENERATIONS OF COMPUTER
THE GENERATIONS OF COMPUTER FIRST GENERATION (1951-1958) VACUUM TUBE 1. Vacuum tubes as their main logic elements 2. Punch Cards to input and externally stored data 3. Rotating magnetic drums for internal
More informationSir Sadiq s computer notes for class IX. Chapter no 1. Introduction to computer
1 Q: Define the term computer. Ans: Computer is an electronic device that accepts data and instruction as input process the data according to the given instruction and produce information as output. Q:
More informationv.m.g.rajasekaran ramani sri sarada sakthi mat. Hr. sec. school
v.m.g.rajasekaran ramani sri sarada sakthi mat. Hr. sec. school STD: XI COMPUTER SCIENCE L.1. Introduction to computers 2 marks 1. What is a computer? Computer: A computer is an electronic machine, capable
More informationWelcome to COSC Introduction to Computer Science
Welcome to COSC 1302 Introduction to Computer Science (Syllabus) Chapter 1 The Big Picture 1.1 Computing Systems Hardware The physical elements of a computing system (printer, circuit boards, wires, keyboard
More informationChapter 1. The Big Picture
Chapter 1 The Big Picture 1.1 Computing Systems Hardware The physical elements of a computing system (printer, circuit boards, wires, keyboard ) Software The programs that provide the instructions for
More informationComputer System architectures
CSC 203 1.5 Computer System Architecture Budditha Hettige Department of Statistics and Computer Science University of Sri Jayewardenepura 1 Historical Developments 2 Computer Generation 1. Zeroth generation-
More information(History of Computers) Lecture # 03 By: M.Nadeem Akhtar. Lecturer. URL:
INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION & COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES. (History of Computers) Lecture # 03 By: M.. Lecturer. Department of CS & IT. URL: https://sites.google.com/site/nadeemcsuoliict/home/lectures 1
More information1-1 Computer Structure
1-1 Computer Structure Computer: A computer is a programmable, multiuse machine that accepts data-raw, fact and figures; processes, or manipulates it into information we can use, such as summaries, totals,
More informationIntroduction To Computers. About the Course
Introduction To Computers Chapter No 1 Introduction About the Course Course instructor Course policies Topics to be covered Course Website and Reference material Assignments and Projects ITC - Chapter
More informationPart (01) Introduction to Computer
Part (01) Introduction to Computer Dr. Ahmed M. ElShafee 1 Dr. Ahmed ElShafee, ACU : Summer 2014, Introduction to CS 1 TURING MODEL The idea of a universal computational device was first described by Alan
More informationCLASSIFYING AND EVALUATING COMPUTERS
CLASSIFYING AND EVALUATING COMPUTERS Objectives: Identify types of personal computers Describe desktop computers Compare laptops and tablets Evaluate smartphones Describe embedded computers Describe servers
More informationComputer History CSCE 101
Computer History CSCE 101 Computer History In 40 years computers went from being giant expensive machines that only corporations could own to the personal computer we see today. Early Calculating Devices
More informationITONLINEEXAM.COM. Chapter 1 Basic Introduction to Computers
ITONLINEEXAM.COM Chapter 1 Basic Introduction to Computers A World of Computers Computers are everywhere 2 What Is a Computer? A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions
More informationCS 1 Notes 1 - Early Computing and 2 - Electronic Computing
CS 1 Notes 1 - Early Computing and 2 - Electronic Computing Computer Science: The discipline that seeks to build a scientific foundation for such topics as: computer design computer programming information
More informationLyman Briggs Lecture Series. Group Question. Discussion Questions. Definition of Computer. Definition of Modern Computer. Definition of a Computer
Lyman Briggs Lecture Series Emerging Issues in Abortion: Beyond Prolife and Pro-choice Adrienne Asch TONIGHT! 7:30 PM, C-106 Holmes Hall Group Question Get into a group of three people You have three minutes
More informationComputer Fundamentals
Computer Fundamentals Computers have made great inroads in our everyday life and thinking. They are put to use for all sorts of application ranging from complex calculations in the field or frontline research,
More informationHistory of Computing. Slides from NYU and Georgia Tech
History of Computing Slides from NYU and Georgia Tech Early Computational Devices (Chinese) Abacus 2700 2300 BC Used for performing arithmetic operations Early Computational Devices Napier s Bones, 1617
More informationParts of the Computer System. Parts of the Computer System. Parts of the Computer System. Essential Computer Hardware. Information Processing Cycle
Looking Inside the Computer System NOS 116, 118, 218, 222 Handout 10 Hardware & Software Computer systems have four parts Hardware Software Data User 1 1B-2 Hardware Mechanical devices in the computer
More informationHISTORY OF COMPUTING
NAME: DATE: PERIOD: 01) Definition of computers: HISTORICAL DEVICES 02) How is the term Analog used when representing data? 03) Answer the questions for the two devices used prior to the invention of the
More informationTypes of Computers. Computer Technology (S1 Obj 1-1)
Types of Computers Computer Technology (S1 Obj 1-1) Introduction There are many different types of computers available today. They are categorized into different types depending on their size and processing
More informationComputers: A First Look. Chapter 1: Computers: A First Look. Beyond the Computer Invasion. Beyond the Computer Invasion. Chapter 1
Chapter 1: Computers: A First Look How do computers affect us in our daily lives? Brief History of Computing Computers: A First Look In this lecture: How do computers pervade our every day lives? What
More information(Types and Classifications of Computers Lecture # 02 By: M.Nadeem Akhtar. Lecturer. URL:
INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION & COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES. (Types and Classifications of Computers Lecture # 02 By: M.. Lecturer. Department of CS & IT. URL: https://sites.google.com/site/nadeemcsuoliict/home/lectures
More informationCharacteristics of Computers
The word computer comes from word compute, which means to calculate. A computer is a programmable machine (or more precisely, a programmable sequential state machine) that operates on data and is used
More informationCHAPTER 1 Introduction
CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1.1 Overview 1 1.2 The Main Components of a Computer 3 1.3 An Example System: Wading through the Jargon 4 1.4 Standards Organizations 13 1.5 Historical Development 14 1.5.1 Generation
More informationFigure 1-1. A multilevel machine.
1 INTRODUCTION 1 Level n Level 3 Level 2 Level 1 Virtual machine Mn, with machine language Ln Virtual machine M3, with machine language L3 Virtual machine M2, with machine language L2 Virtual machine M1,
More informationChapter 1. Computer System Organization
Chapter 1 Computer System Organization Prepared By: Manish Kumar Prajapati PGT (Comp.Sc.) (First Shift) Kendriya Vidyalaya Bailey Road Patna-14 What is Computer? A computer is an electronic device that
More informationChapter 1 Introduction to Computers
Discovering Computers 2009 Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers Chapter 1 Objectives Recognize the importance of computer literacy Define the term, computer Identify the components of a computer Discuss
More informationLECTURE -I BASIC CONCEPTS OF COMPUTERS
LECTURE -I 1.1 INTRODUCTION BASIC CONCEPTS OF COMPUTERS Let us begin with the word compute. It means to calculate. We all are familiar with calculations in our day-to-day life. We apply mathematical operations
More informationFundamental concepts of Information Technology
Fundamental concepts of Information Technology A brief history, the Neumann architecture, the language of computers Csernyi Gábor Department of English Linguistics University of Debrecen Csernyi Gábor
More informationMICROPROCESSOR SYSTEM DESIGN
MICROPROCESSOR SYSTEM DESIGN COURSE INTRODUCTION 1 MICROPROCESSOR SYSTEM DESIGN ET011G History of Computer Micro-controllers Introduction Course Aims? Course contents? Invisible computing 2 History EARLY
More informationChapter 1: An Introduction to Computer Science. Invitation to Computer Science, C++ Version, 6-th Edition
Chapter 1: An Introduction to Computer Science Invitation to Computer Science, C++ Version, 6-th Edition Objectives In this chapter, you will learn about The definition of computer science Algorithms A
More informationIn this chapter, you will learn about: The definition of computer science. Algorithms. Invitation to Computer Science, C++ Version, Third Edition
Objectives Chapter 1: An Introduction to Com puter S cience Invitation to Computer Science, C++ Version, Third Edition In this chapter, you will learn about: The definition of computer science Algorithms
More informationUnit 4: Emerging Technologies. A History of Personal Computing by Mrs. Ogletree
Unit 4: Emerging Technologies A History of Personal Computing by Mrs. Ogletree EVOLUTION OF TECHNOLOGY Technology has been constantly changing COMPUTER HISTORY Computers have been around for a very, very,
More informationThe History of Computers
The History of Computers First Generation Computers The first electronic computer was designed at Iowa State between 1939-1942 The Atanasoff-Berry Computer used the binary system (1 s and 0 s) Contained
More informationChapter Two Computer Types
Chapter Two Computer Types 2-1 Microcomputers - Personal Computers Microcomputers sit on, beside or under a desk. They process data quickly and are designed for one user. The cost is relatively low, depending
More informationHST250 (section 740) Exam #1 Wednesday, February 10, 2010
HST250 (section 740) Exam #1 Wednesday, February 10, 2010 NAME: PID: Instructions Make sure you enter your name & PID on the exam sheet Select the best answer from those provided You may not leave the
More informationChapter 1. Introduction to Computers in Medicine
Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers in Medicine Types of medical data Medical data Alphanumeric Medical images Physiological signals Types of medical data Medical data Alphanumeric Medical images Physiological
More informationCOMP 102: Computers and Computing Lecture 1: Introduction!
COMP 102: Computers and Computing Lecture 1: Introduction! Instructor: Kaleem Siddiqi (siddiqi@cim.mcgill.ca) Class web page: www.cim.mcgill.ca/~siddiqi/102.html Outline for today What are computers? What
More informationENIAC - background. ENIAC - details. Structure of von Nuemann machine. von Neumann/Turing Computer Architecture
168 420 Computer Architecture Chapter 2 Computer Evolution and Performance ENIAC - background Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer Eckert and Mauchly University of Pennsylvania Trajectory tables
More informationComputer science First Class Lecture 1
Historical Brief 1- The First Computer Man's need to handle data & information increases with the evaluation of society& with industrial development it was Blaise Pascal in 1647 who designed an adding
More informationWilliam Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture 8 th Edition. Chapter 2 Computer Evolution and Performance
William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture 8 th Edition Chapter 2 Computer Evolution and Performance Analytical Engine ENIAC - background Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer Eckert
More informationDefine the term, computer, and describe the relationship between data and information
Discovering Computers 2010 Living in a Digital World Objectives Overview Explain why computer literacy is vital to success in today s world Define the term, computer, and describe the relationship between
More informationA Brief History of Computer Science. David Greenstein Monta Vista High School, Cupertino, CA
A Brief History of Computer Science David Greenstein Monta Vista High School, Cupertino, CA History of Computing Machines Definition of Computer A programmable machine A machine that manipulates data according
More informationChapter 1 Introduction to Computers
Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers Chapter 1 Objectives Recognize the importance of computer literacy Discuss the uses of the Internet and World Wide Web Define the term, computer Describe the categories
More informationComputer Science 4500 Operating Systems. Welcome! In This Module. Module 1 Introduction, Overview and History
Computer Science 4500 Operating Systems Module 1 Introduction, Overview and History Updated: January 13, 2015 2008 Stanley A. Wileman, Jr. Operating Systems Slide 1 Welcome! Welcome to Operating Systems.
More informationChapter 2 Basic Computer Configuration
CSCA0101 COMPUTING BASICS Chapter 2 1 Topics: Basic Operations Computer Components Computer Categories 2 Computing Terminology Data Data is anything in a form suitable for use with a computer. Information
More informationEarly Calculating Tools
Early Calculating Tools Abacus At least 5,000 years old Memory aid for making calculations Cannot perform actual computations Eventually replaced by pencil and paper Early Calculating Tools Pascalene Invented
More informationThe trusted, student-friendly online reference tool. Name: Date:
World Book Online: The trusted, student-friendly online reference tool. World Book Advanced Database* Name: Date: History of Computers Computers! Virtually no other form of technology has become so powerful
More informationComputing Fundamentals and Programming Batch 2012 (Electronics and Telecomm) Chapter 1: Introduction and Overview to Computers.
Computing Fundamentals and Programming Batch 2012 (Electronics and Telecomm) Chapter 1: Introduction and Overview to Computers. Prepared by: Mr. Tauseef Mubeen (Assistant Professor, CED) (Electronics Sec
More informationCharles Babbage, a Mathematics professor from England, is recognized as the Father of the Computer. He was born in 1791, and began designing the
Charles Babbage, a Mathematics professor from England, is recognized as the Father of the Computer. He was born in 1791, and began designing the difference engine, in 1821. The use of this machine was
More informationCHAPTER 1 Introduction
CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1.1 Overview 1 1.2 The Main Components of a Computer 3 1.3 An Example System: Wading through the Jargon 4 1.4 Standards Organizations 15 1.5 Historical Development 16 1.5.1 Generation
More informationENG 101 Lesson -6. History of Computers
Today's lesson will follow the pattern established by us in the earlier lessons.we will read a text to help us in comprehension then we will do exercises based on this text. ENG 101 Lesson -6 When you
More informationHistory of Modern Computing Lesson 1
History of Modern Computing Lesson 1 www.soe.ucsc.edu/classes/cmpe080h/fall05 David Pease Computer Engineering Department Jack Baskin School of Engineering Lesson Outline Definition of a computer Types
More informationCSC 170 Introduction to Computers and Their Applications. Computers
CSC 170 Introduction to Computers and Their Applications Lecture #4 Digital Devices Computers At its core, a computer is a multipurpose device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces
More informationCS 101 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING
CS 101 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING WHAT IS THE COMPUTER An electronic device that manipulate information or "data". It has the ability to store, retrieve and process the data. WHAT IS T USED FOR TODAY Text
More informationWhat is Information Technology. Chapter 1: Computer System. Why use Information Technology? What is Data?
What is Information Technology Chapter 1: Computer System Information Technology is the direct use of technology to process data. A more formal definition of IT would be: The acquisition, processing, storage
More informationChapter 01. Introduction 2018/9/17. Chapter Goals. Computing Systems. Computing Systems. Layers of a Computing System. Abstraction
Chapter Goals Chapter 01 Describe the layers of a computer system Describe the concept of abstraction and its relationship to computing Describe the history of computer hardware and software Introduction
More informationAn Incomplete History of Computation
An Incomplete History of Computation Charles Babbage 1791-1871 Lucasian Professor of Mathematics, Cambridge University, 1827-1839 First computer designer Ada Lovelace 1815-1852 First computer programmer
More information