Multimedia Communications Multimedia Technologies & Applications. Prof. Dr. Abdulmotaleb El Saddik

Transcription

1 Multimedia Communications Multimedia Technologies & Applications Prof. Dr. Abdulmotaleb El Saddik Multimedia Communications Research Laboratory School of Information Technology and Engineering University of Ottawa Ottawa, Ontario, Canada 1 site.uottawa.ca mcrlab.uottawa.ca Content 1. Today s Trends 2. Levels of Mobility 3. Wireless Networking Revolution 4. Bluetooth 5. IEEE HomeRF 7. IEEE

2 3 The Dream Dream Networking One network - No configuration Nomadic networking Always-on networking secure networks that scale The Connected Home No Pain Networking The Home as a platform Redefining Entertainment Weaving the User to User web Click to communicate Multimedia Collaboration Presence 4 Trends in Computing Moore s Law still going strong Smaller, more computing devices every 18 months Miniaturization continues 100Gb per square inch hard disk density 128MB memory on a single chip Dramatic innovation towards longer battery time Low power CPUs from Intel, AMD, etc Long Live Cell battery Smaller, lighter PC, PDA, phone designs enabling new networking scenarios TVs on Cell phones (Vision), Wearable computers, digital cash, ebooks

3 Trends in Applications SUN J2EE, W3C-XML, MS-.Net revolution leading to web services Presence a paradigm shift in Real Time Communications and Collaboration Net attached Consumer Electronics and Gaming appliances emerging Applications assuming always on connectivity anytime, anywhere, anyhow accessibility Terminal, Personal & Session mobility 5 6 Levels of Mobility Terminal mobility end-device has a unique identifier communication independent from location realized by radio networks mechanisms: handover, location management enables the user to utilize services from both stationary end-devices or from mobile end-devices Individual mobility Concept realized by UPT (Universal Personal Telecommunication) participant has a number identifying him uniquely communication independent from location and end-device participant can use any end-device to receive and to issue calls Session mobility participant can interrupt his session and later on continue at a different location

4 Wireless & Mobile Communication Terminology wireless communication, radio communications network mobility / mobile communication Note Wireless Communication # mobile Communication Connection to net Mobile Wired mobile IP e.g. laptop in the hotel Access Media Wireless mobile telephony e.g. laptop in the car PDA at customer site 7 8 Fixed Data Mobile Voice Wireless Networking Revolution Past Paradigms Present Demand Mobility with Network Connectivity (Data + Voice) Future Solutions Local Area WLAN - On campus Unlicensed Bands - At home Personal mobility High data rate Incremental infrastructure Start G WWAN Licensed Bands Full mobility Modest data rate All new infrastructure Start 2001 Wide Area - On the road

5 9 Wireless Technology PAN Bluetooth infrared systems (IR-LAN) Digital European Cordless Telecommunication (DECT) LAN HomeRF WiFi - wireless fidelity - (802.11b) WAN GSM GPRS WCDMA / UMTS Mobile IP 10 Bluetooth Primer Low-power, short-range cable replacement 721 Kbps 10 meters voice and data support Perfect for mobile devices small, low power, and low cost (Goal: $5 parts cost), but good performance Interconnecting a computer and peripherals Clear the snake s nest behind the desk! Interconnecting various handheld devices Laptop computer, cell phone, palmtop Preplanning of network is impractical

6 11 Bluetooth Primer Likely defacto standard for low cost wireless Nine Promoters: Intel, IBM, Ericsson, Nokia, Toshiba, Lucent, Motorola, 3COM, Microsoft >1,900 Bluetooth SIG members: Compaq, Dell, Motorola, Qualcomm, Psion, Xircom, Philips, Texas Instruments, Sony, Sprint PCS, Seiko- Epson, Conexant, BMW, Puma, NEC, Saab, Starfish, Casio, NTT DoCoMo, Boeing, Bang & Olafsen... Intended to be embedded in other devices Wide array of applications Wireless peripherals Wireless personal area network (PAN) Light access to LAN and WAN What does Bluetooth do for you & me? Landline Data/Voice Access Points Cable Replacement 12 Personal Ad- hoc Connectivity

7 Bluetooth Penetration by Device Type 90% 80% 70% 60% Bluetooth 50% Penetration 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Notebook Palm Cellphone 13 Sources: IDC, Strategis, Ericsson and 3Com Usage scenarios: Headset 14 User benefits Multiple device access Cordless phone benefits Hand s free operation Wireless Freedom

8 Usage scenarios: Synchronization User benefits Proximity synchronization Easily maintained database Common information database 15 Sharing Common Data Usage scenarios: Data access points PSTN, ISDN, LAN, WAN, xdsl User benefits No more connectors Easy internet access Common connection experience 16 Remote Connections...

9 Wireless Positioning WLAN PAN Bluetooth Person Space: Office, Room, Briefcase, Pocket, Car On-campus: Office, School, Airport, Hotel, Home 17 Cellular Off-Campus Global Coverage Internet Short Range/Low Power Voice AND Data Low-cost Small form factor Many Co-located Nets Universal Bridge 18 Deja Vu: Remember Infra-Red? A short-range wireless technology: a couple of meters Low-cost, reasonable data rate: 4 MBit/s (IRDA 2.0) Pushed by Hewlett-Packard Most laptops adopted it Lots of cellphones and most palmtops have it But no software for general connectivity Even HP printers don t have IR ports! MORAL: a very nonlinear process Value is low until most devices have it (cf. adoption of fax) People won t bother with it until probability of benefit is high + cheap technology + no license required - low transmission range (a couple of meters) (large transmission range possible only with laser in point-topoint mode)

10 Where Did the Name Come From? Harald Blaatand II or Bluetooth King of Denmark Son of Gorm the Old (King of Denmark) and Thyra Danebod (daughter of King Ethelred of England) Noted for unifying Denmark and Sweden 19 Don t ask: would the methods that the Vikings used to achieve consensus be admissible in the standards process today? 20 A little bit of history The Bluetooth SIG (Special Interest Group) was formed in February 1998 by 5 promoter companies Ericsson,IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba The Bluetooth SIG went public in May 1998 The Bluetooth SIG work (the spec: 1,600+ pages) became public on July 26, 1999 (ver. 1.0A) ver. 1.0B was released on December 6, 1999 ver. 1.1 was released on March 1, 2001 The promoter group increased in December 1999 to nine added: 3Com, Lucent, Microsoft, Motorola There are 2,164 adopters (as of 3/15/2001) adopters enjoy royalty free use of the Bluetooth technology

11 What Does Bluetooth Do? 21 Topology Supports up to 7 simultaneous links Each link requires another cable Flexibility Goes through walls, bodies, cloths... Line of sight or modified environment Data rate 720 Kbps Varies with use and cost Power 0.1 watts active power 0.05 watts active power or higher Size/Weight 25 mm x 13 mm x 2 mm, several grams Size is equal to range. Typically 1-2 meters. Weight varies with length (ounces to pounds) Cost Long-term $5 per endpoint ~ $3-$100/meter (end user cost) Range Universal 10 meters or less Up to 100 meters with PA Intended to work anywhere in the world Range equal to size. Typically 1-2 meters Cables vary with local customs Security Very, link layer security, SS radio Secure (its a cable) Cable Replacement Characteristics Operates in the 2.4 GHz band at a data rate of 720Kb/s. Uses Frequency Hopping (FH) spread spectrum, which divides the frequency band into a number of channels GHz yielding 79 channels Radio transceivers hop from one channel to another in a pseudo-random fashion, determined by the master. Supports up to 8 devices in a piconet (1 master and 7 slaves). Piconets can combine to form scatternets. 22

12 What is a Piconet? A collection of devices connected in an ad hoc fashion. One unit will act as a master and the others as slaves for the duration of the piconet connection. Master sets the clock and hopping pattern. Each piconet has a unique hopping pattern/id Each master can connect to 7 simultaneous or 200+ inactive (parked) slaves per piconet S P S M=Master S=Slave SB P M S P=Parked SB=Standby 23 What is a Scatternet? A Scatternet is the linking of multiple co-located piconets through the sharing of common master or slave devices. A device can be both a master and a slave Radios are symmetric (same radio can be master or slave) High capacity system, each piconet has maximum capacity (720 Kbps) S P S SB S SB P M P M S 24 M=Master S=Slave P=Parked SB=Standby

13 Cordless Connections for the Consumer 25 Home RF To enable the existence of a broad range of interoperable consumer devices, by establishing an open industry specification for unlicensed RF digital communications for PCs and consumer devices anywhere, in and around the home. It is Targeted at home users Integration of voice and data Multimedia support Based on RF Unnecessary 26

14 Shared Wireless Access Protocol (SWAP) Technology Uses CSMA/CA Good for Data Baseband DECT* Uses TDMA Good for Voice PHY OpenAir + 27 SWAP Frame CSMA/CA+TDMA Good for Voice & Data Optimized for small networks FH Spread Spectrum Cost effective Consumer friendly *DECT:Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications The Architecture 28

15 29 HomeRF: RF Network Comparison Home RF (SWAP 1.2) 2.4 GHz Frequency Hopping 50 Hops per second radio Optimized for Voice & Data ~1 Mbps real data rate (1.6 Mbps raw) Distance: 50m (House & Yard) 4 near line quality voice links Unlimited device links per base Peer-to-Peer networking "Native" TCP/IP support Low power paging mode Lower transmit power possible Based on FH, OpenAir & DECT > 100 members (open IP but $4,800 fee) Bluetooth (1.0A) 2.4 GHz Frequency Hopping 1600 Hops per second radio Optimized for Cell Phone, Mobile Kbps real data rate Distance: 10m (in-room Wire Replacement) 3 near line quality voice links 7 device links per base Multi point-to-point connections Point-to-point TCP/IP support Low power standby mode Higher transmit power possible Based on non-ip prototype > 1,000 members (It s FREE!!!) HomeRF: RF Network Comparison Scope for the Future: HomeRF NO Bluetooth Yes 30

16 IEEE : Wireless LAN History 1990 foundation of IEEE Committee 1991 first IEEE workshop "Wireless LAN" up to 2 Mbits (900 MHz) b 2.4GHz and up to 11 Mbits a 5 GHz and up to 54 Mbits 200x g 2.4GHz and up to 54 Mbits 200x x New Security 31 IEEE Application Level Data Applications Seamless support Application TCP/IP stack Network addressing, routing Bridge control IP routing TCP/IP Other LAN interface WLAN radio WLAN radio Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet 32

17 33 EHF (milli-wave) SHF (micro-wave) UHF Wired VHF UHF LAN Frequency Middle Speed 2.4GHz Range LAN IEEE Mbps/2Mbps 4Mbps/16Mbps Token Ring IEEE IEEE802.11b 5.5Mbps/11Mbps 10Mbps Ethernet IEEE GHz range LAN 10Mbps (ARIB) High Speed 5GHz Range LAN (1) IEEE a 6/12/24Mbps (2) HIPERLAN (ETSI BRAN) Type ½: 23.5/25Mbps (3) WATM (ATM Forum) 25Mbps 25/52/100Mbps ATM-LAN (ATM Forum) 100Mbps Fast Ethernet IEEE 802.3u Very High Speed 60 GHz Range LAN (1) 156Mbps MMAC(Japan) (2) 156Mbps MEDIAN (German) 156/622 Mbps ATM-LAN (ATM Forum) Bandwidth 1000Mbps Gigabit Ethernet IEEE 802.3z, 802.3ab 34 Wireless Technical Term EHF: Extremely High Frequency SHF: Super High Frequency UHF: Ultra High Frequency VHF: Very High Frequency WLAN : Wireless LAN IEEE: Institute of Electrical Engineering ARIB: Association of Radio Industries and Business CCK: Complementary Code Keying OFDM: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing HIPERLAN: High Performance Radio LAN ETSI: Europe Telecommunications Standards Institute BRAN: Broadband Radio Access Network WATM: Wireless ATM MMAC: Multimedia Mobile Access Communication Systems MEDIAN: Wireless Broadband CPN (Computer Premises Network)/ LAN for Professional and Residential Multimedia Applications FWA: Fixed Wireless Access

18 Major opportunities and convergence scenario M ax data rate (M bps) x 1 0,1 2.4GHz HIPERLAN/ b Bluetooth HSCD 5GHz HIPERLAN/ a HomeRF GPRS EDGE 4 years 60GHz 3GPP ANSIBLE PAN/LAN Convergence GHz HIPERPAN Application space Ubiquitous TV Infotainment Virtual Homes Video Streaming Video data rate Still Imaging High Speed Internet Audio Streaming Text Messaging 0, product date Voice 35 Local Area WLAN Nomadic Wide Area Cellular Vehicular PAN Mobile IP mobile IP adds mobility to the Internet developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) published as proposed standard in 1996 (RFC 2002), currently refined as RFC2002-bis 36

19 Mobile IP: Components Mobile Node (MN): modifies access point in the Internet and currently running communications uses permanent IP address Home Agent (HA): router in the home network of the mobile host knows the mobile hosts, witch are not "at home" at the moment knows the current location of the mobile host tunnels IP packets for and re-routes them to the mobile host s location 37 Mobile IP: Components Foreign Agent (FA): router in the foreign network mobile hosts log on to the foreign agents unpacks tunneled IP packets and re-routes them to their respective mobile host assigns addresses (CoA) to the visiting Mobile Node Correspondent Node (CN): Communication partner Care of Address (CoA): Tunnel endpoint of the Mobile Node while abroad 38

20 Mobile IP Study the interactive lesson on the net applets/applets/mobile_ip/mobile_ip.html 39 40