69 :; < = >,&4?&73 6H" <6? ,,1234,5 #/ 6 %&'! >M 7 B6/ 7 Y,1/B69 h 3[A 9 6/ 7 B69 :; < = :6 f3

Transcription

1 ()* &' / ($)!" 6/ ,1/, Rathayibacter tritici,&,-./ 69 :; < = >,&4?&73 ( D ( ( 73,!/ EF, <A3 C@ B,= 6@3 B ; <A337 6H" 8F6" 69 :; < = >,&4?&73 ( ) 6/ 7 F3 4 0,1/, ( Rathayibacter tritici ),&,-./ 6P/ 7 8PF3 8P P5 8&,P9 3,M 6 OI JF K 8F3.C,9 3,M, LF K 3<7 I9 JF K Y,1/ J 4 <,Z (C XF 3 J),&4 W 6/ 7 G / 75 V6 F ((T U CFU 3 J),&4 F CQR S, 3,&4 G / V6 (T D CFU 3,&4 CQR 6/ 7 Y,1/ 3[.,9,&4 >M 7 3 < K F3 4 J 4 6/ 7 CP4,@ <P4 6P 3 P7 8" F3 8F3.C ]^&=3 (>F,&3,\? $K 6 / 6/ 7) 6 C 7 6P/ 7 < 8F3 < <a/.67 6 K < C'7 [F,9 F ba B,9 C!a <79_ `/ ^ 4,&4 4 C < 6/ 7,& < 3 a &@3 8F3 BC3,c (9AK >1) < = <,&4?&73 3, K a 6,&4 ; `&=3 >M 7 >?& e /3 H/,' < B6,& 8F3 7 a [ 3 = 6/ 7,LF V < F.6F 7 <&F3 d [7 3 6/ 7 673&.C3 6 6F6/ 9 K F3 B 9 [,/ b 9 W,&,& W 6/ 7 >M 7 B6/ 7 Y,1/B69 h 3[A 9 6/ 7 B69 :; < = :6 f3 <) %",5 %,5 $#) 8 #,,:; # #/,2 /=7 %,;. (,() %25 8 $#/ >? 6 $,5 $ $!.! A2,5!@ %",5 < CDC2 %& 4 8 D CD#B,7 5 <6 <6? (Steinbuch 1799) $!" # Chitwood 1935." /! ( Infective stage) **,() %&',,1234,5 #/ 6 %&'! #> H? $C8? I? $I"/7 #2 C2 F C,1? G %.E #8 H? $C C8?L M,& K? $K"/7 2.J

2 ()* &' / ($)!" gn b % $<!2 _ n),?23" 8 97 $ ; b!." 6 <!2 _ n) D %_ #" ]5 C (! ]5 D 8 C!8 Jg 8 97, "2 DX $9*7 %& % $X 8 X:^ 8 CD f6 o 8 A2." C84 2 $O ; %",5 C2 8 C CD %> C ' Jjjj p&@ q: J b % D C 9T $(E) " 6 & *7 S, 2) 2( & NBYA C D 8 C: $#" <!2 8 #* W M Jj [ M $) *!, M J C') C %I!,4." 6 (_ n) 2( S! /,& C ( $I " C2 %, rd s,^? 2) t, kl M C2 8 #, C 8 #* W " <!2 CD! 8 Jjjjj : 4 $ S,,%! <!2 m5 C' CD#& " #8 D`!8) C $#D! 8 ) % CDX!.^ 6 A2,,& j?/ <F <!/ O ; %",5 C2 %,() #D %",5 8 u ; C_ n) # <' (e>" %_* 8 " %>)? C #) 2( & ZD S! ' <!2 _ %4 J C 8 b % "? NBYA C2 1 % <! 8 CD*&.! C%H 2 " Dv (Pin point) s1* % b,;% 8 % 8 97!*". 2 & S! '6 % 8 w* CD%, 62^ CD#,8) x C2L (M* O ; %",5 **L 1!) Rathayibacter 9*4 C2L #,3T, %> 8 97.(E) " M1 (E X4) : $6 X! o 8 A2 $<!2 _ n) (CFU) (Colony Forming Unit) *&L *D <K? CD' Rathayibacter tritici Zgurskaya 1993 Q7 < P6 Dilophospora alopecuri (Fr.) Fr. M* O ; R. iranicus Zgurskaya 1993 M* R %",5 #" CDC2 #U3V :UW () <HT,& S." Annual ryegrass toxicity C < O ; %",5 < CD X,I, % (ARGT). #? 2I( Y,II8 A2 A. funsta X,I, % X[ 8 : C2 % #? *VZD >) ]5 CDZ!/) \" $ ZI #U3V C /( (Epicuticle),7 %!! 45 $(,& ^ %'! C_ (C2 X,3T) C2, < C2 % #? (EE) S &!. >).U3V! CD % >*$ ARGT `",7 (Lectin) *2I( `_ % *VZD " % C2 %( #U3V (Surface coat) C2 #U3V `",7 *2I( `_. Meloidogyne incognita CD %.( J) " a? / Pasteuria penetrans Meloidogyne javanica M* CDX,,5 b " %2I! % $O ; %",5 C2 %,() c,!! 8 %!D 8 >4, <6 ;, D % $N $h $g) *23D! f:e $," ]2 DX d,.? #,* #) & ( (Eg EJ $Ej $i Rathayibacter tritici C2L X_2 #)!L $( ) C2 kl " : F_! m.," M* O ; %",5 < ( J2) i 3 6/ 7 j?/ <F <!/ \_& %! %> C C' ) C1 9I2! ; Ej X,& X C:,A e %_6 b % (X:^ Z!!&,TD ; N

3 ... 6/ ,1/, Rathayibacter tritici,&,-./ R. iranicus Rathayibacter tririci <79 M3,&3 V ;`= =,.( 6a Rathayibacter tririci Rathayibacter iranicus $#> H? I"/TD %& D#& 3[?&73 F3 4, b;,[5 : 8 A2 (,*! b*u : 8 (, /L,& 8,2L^ 8L, % M:W < ; A* n,4 : U~ n,4 : d, 8 `!8), CD#&., " 6 <!2 6 A2,! : `!8) D G*2 #) M j ' `!1* 2 2 E 6 I27.^!.!? S! _^ #& D., m5 %4 Ej ± J <6' JJ ± ~' b' %4, M*." 6 8 U 2 ; b %3 8 %, ( Qods)x6 Z6 A2 8 j b % " 8 <U6 D., " %>! `!8)!." /( 2 %4 >V." M1 K E ^[ L W 6/ 7 0,1/, :; < =,&,-./ AD C2L 8 C CD 2 / `!8)! C C2L CFU Ej Ej h $Ej $Ej g CDp&@ cv %?D `" $>V $ $S! $Z CD#8 b." x `!8) CD #,* % %4,W CD $" : #8 #" CT 8 97 %&;^ 9T!*V #I N %8 6 S( C D 8 M D D 8 9T.",?23" <!2 _ n) ca" C >V $%4,W % $D 8 M MR Rathayibacter tritici,&,-./ 6/ 7 %",5 < C2 " CD m5 C8,() CD 8!D: 4 2 `!8)! :M* O ; #,3T, %4 cv AD C2 8 C `!8) CD." 6 CFU Ej h p&@ C2 %.! : C2 x #8 b G3' b % M cv $ Z b % X cv %C,W $`" $>V $% $ C: cv G % S! CT 8 97 %&;^., C2 x?d S( C D 8 M D CD $" : #8 #" n)!*v $<!2 (` gjj) #I N %8 Jjjj : 4 9T.",?23" <!2 _ CD #,* %) cv 8 M D 8 D C8 %! S!/ " #8 %4,W % (`!8) D"." %^e #& D <!2 m5 % 8 %&;^ _ n) x %,!D <" `!8)! i

4 ()* &' / ($)!" ] / M* C/(." a? x, u( CD C' % /U CDX 8 %, $I!2,^ I!B,(,^ b;,[5.(e)" a? #) % $!8C C2 kl `!8) " 6 C2 x f&2 CD#8 Z CD M* O ; %",5 C Z= $, $C #/.! Dv #D $x `" `D." x,i: % C2 x #8 b : % x 8 O ; %",5 C #/?D %C,W % $" % *:,W %.!H Dv C %, rd $C2 x C2 x # CD % D" #D <I? b,; % C C Z! $, ",%! x Z C #/.! Dv X ba D" #D (X <I?)C C #/ C #/.(E <K" $J X4 )." *: S! % U3 *: c25 # $x Z % U3 *: c25 ( a x) x., O ; %",5 C #/ ~' C $: CD," U*2 *V `!8)! 8 ) % w!2 x,",w C2 x #8 b %,; % `!/^.! `D #) X_2 # (:^ #/ U: 4 #U3V % 1* $C2 x #8 b 1*! % " `",7 % C2 8 C #/!* C2L X_2 (:^ `D % #? / (EJ) S &!.()! `D C C < Rathayibacter toxicus C2 #U3V % % " ( Toxigenic) Z ** (, C2 S! % ARGT #) X_2 # f:ƒ G4, Anguina funesta < C2 % #? *VZD `!8)! w!2. #, q: Z <6' cv M* O ; %",5 C." 6 97 C27 # ; S! 8) b,w C %H DC27 #" S?5 8 C,&4 n,w %U*7 #) <5 % I27 CD%3 DC27 $>) D m #/.! C%H, " 6." %3!_ H!I! Jg 8 : f&2 CD _ n) %,!D <" `!8)! D" 8) C L' 3., " x <!2 8 A2 %L 6 7! b,; % ;!,! $ C 8 %4 g %!8, xi: 3 ( 4x)! R/!SV, C, Y,II #/ %V.(J <K"),! D? <6 >) L' bl' & % ; S! 8) C D ' c25 & % (,U C8 <6 >) Zp* 3 b,; % $f&2 CD L' #/!8 D C8 % `!8)!., %3!_ <6?V )." %2^ p K <P =,& P P CP < 6/ 7 ba H3, 69 :; %",5 < C2L *&L 8 C_ 2 $`!8)! S! 8) C' C27 / Y,( %& % M* O ; cw (2 2 S! ' 6 )! %2?@) ; 8 C Z(?D $2 2 %&;^ % #) D ' 3 Jg 8 97." 6 C2 `!8) * D C2 *& % U3 >) C >4 #I M1 K / `!8)!.!?V! <U6." k1 lf &7! " A2 M* O ; %",5 C < C2 9*4 CD%, 62^ CD#,8) M $F_ Rathayibacter tritici %, $( E X4) Rathayibacter hj

5 ... 6/ ,1/, Rathayibacter tritici,&,-./ cont. () 6/ 7 CA,,&,-./ B,& 6/ 7 G / V6 b'@, :; < = 3[.( >H m&i <4 F 6/ 7 Y = AK b'@, F F,&4 9AK 3[,.D 6a.673,&4 G /,() #D ; H a gn/n Z a gh/h! b J/N c E/h >V d J/h `" e j?d e j D"., *: c25 # K #,8) x % X 2' \ " #? #3K! c' %L C." K E H D., D" #D $ m O ; %",5 C2 kl `!8) (:^ m O ; %",5 < C2 kl $x f&2 CD#8 C2 f&2 CDp&@ G3' m C2 p&@ D kl #/."!8 (C27 <5 ; S! 8) C #) L' #/)!7 CDp&@ % U3 >4, <6 #/ % Zp* 3 L' <( % ( $" c25,4,, `",7 % #U3V % 6 $C2 4 # 8 n) (,2 CD,?23" %C,W % p Z 8 2 CD#8 `!8)! )!H m5 C2 p&@ I %V.(,? %2^ 6 ( $"U " M1 CD`!8) 8 % %/ #) % x Z % 2: 4 X: " 1! C #/ % C,W %! < U3V " 1! (X) C C #/ * D! he

6 ()* &' / ($)!",&4 W 6/ 7 G / C 7 / 6; XF 9K CFU Ej " mm 6/ C4,@,'.D>n m #/., x Z C2 p&@ bk L' #/ C8 #K M _ n) x D % D"! m #/ %3!_?V ) % $,4, <! b.",3 c25 $, %2^ 6 <!2 b C2 CDp&@ %&.! A2L D # / : S! D! m #, 8 #8 f:e V D %& $ g 8 ` x CD#8 CD m `D #/., %4, <6 O *V b,; % >) m #/ %C,W % "!" b,; % Dp&@ %& / x S! J 8 97 D!., " Zp*, ' # 8 #8 b `D Zp* ` Z b' C2 kl #/. C2 x 8 : 8 (.! Dv (8EJ ( N) x 8 : `!8) #) %3!_ `!8)! 8 ) % w!2 O ; %",5 < C2 #U3V % #? $<U6 (2!) Z cv, CD % Z 8 2 CD#8 %V ) b,; x m #/.(,? %2^ p `!8)! `!8) C 8 C2 X_2 # `!8)! %) D" %3!_ x Z <U6 $!H D? *: c25 (, C2 x # f:e 8 % 1* Z 8 ` CD#8 %(' Ej h CDp&@ >) m `D %, C' % x N h CD#8 C2 x #8 #" CT 8 97 >) 8 >4, <6 ; >) " f:e 3 ( 8 CD # 6 k $,." >) m 3 m 8 #? $8) C / #I D. 8 S! 8 2 cv / D! C2!8 : 4 #U3V % #? / () (Anguina agrostis) % (Rathayibacter rathayi). >) m #/ `D f:ƒ GU!2 %, D! m #/!2? hj

7 ... 6/ ,1/, Rathayibacter tritici,&,-./ 3 C %L %'! CD(:^ 2' %C,W : 4 #U3V!*.," X25 V " ' X,I, 8 >4, <6 36 # % C2 8 C!8 ba& f:e %1* % $! G! V ( ) C2L %"2 CDZ!/) %! H! X 2'. # &5 CDM D^, 3! X25 GU.," C,4 %L #? (E)#K D U'; Ce M* O ; %",5 < C2L ~K /,ƒ' # % C2L 8%! 2' %L C,W % 8%! %L ('? C #),4% % 1*.! C 8 G4, % C2L #8ZD " 2? f:ƒ % 6 C2 %! % %4, %",5 < C2 %,() # G&@ $H! cw 8 `_ $,"! <6 8 Ck) %, rd / O ; %& 4 8 C 1! C2L ~K C <5 >*?7 #, ( " X,>1 #*Q D %L &=3 C2L!@! CD8 l 2' `_ %L, # C 2 C2L %( ~K %!! $" 8,5 $/ I %!!> M1 <: <I 3 %, C2! CD#/ C #)!8C b" $C2 C2 8 C #)!8C %!! $ "!?! buk!*. H?V C!8C. & K CD`!8) % ]2' >*?7 w!2! $, " >) X_2 # `D ba& % C2 8 / 6 %L! *D #? kl %,rd # U3V #) % x Z cv /!! G&4 #I % M, `!8).! < t,! a? $, " C2 *& % U3, ^[ C2 *& % U3 D ' % C2 *& 8 /!! G&4 $C >4 %, rd C: $C27,4, CD 8.? D? D 8 : $,,5 C2 *& ^[ % >) 8 U3V >) # % % ^ C2 kl $' % %2I! *D #? / `!8)!.,, C2 % U3 /!! G&4 $C >4 %, rd C2 % #" S!/ %2" O ; %",5 <,& S." ^[ # % #) #U3V S22I( C,4 % #? / () <HT C!L &7 %! # `",7 $," % C2 %( X[ GU $C2 K7 \! 45 $(,& ]5 CDZ!/) \" #) XU % %C,W %, /( ( Epicuticle),7 %!. ^ /,7 C_ C2 #) #U3V $, C2 X_2 %8 % C,4!/) CD`* ( % ( $ X,I, \ % 2' C2,A # % C2L x < X,I, G! GU $X,K,L <5 % cortical %' %. I!B,(, X:^ %' S! #,* % E&3 M* O ; %",5 < C2L () M* C/( <_2 %.E.# $U';.%A; h$#> H? $C8?L K? $D *" C " *"L % #!7.(Rathayibacter tritici) 2. Afolabi, P., K.G. Davies and P.S. O. Shen The electrostatic nature of the spore of Pasteuria penetrans, the bacterial parasite of root-knot nematodes. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 79: Bird, A.F. and D. Riddle Effect of attachement of Corynebacterium rathayi on movement of Anguina agrostis larvae. Int. J. Parasitol. 14: Bird, A.F., B.A. Stynes, W. William and W. Thamson A comparison of nematode and bacteria-colonized.e h

8 ()* &' / ($)!" galls induced by Anguina agrostis in Lolium rigidium. Phytopathol. 70: Davies, K.G. and C. Danks Interspecific differences in the nematode surface coat between Meloidogyne incognita and M. arenaria related to the adhesion of the bacterium Pasteuria penetrans. Parasitol. 105: Gupta, P. and G. Swarup Ear-cocle and yellow ear-rot diseases of wheat: 2, Nematode bacterial association. Nematologica 18: Mc Clure, I.A. and Y. Spiegel.1991.Role of nematode surface coat in the adhesion of Clavibacter sp. to Anguina tritici and A. funesta. Phytopathol. 46: McKay, A.C Toxigenic Clavibacter/Anguina associations infecting grass seed heads. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol. 31: McKay, A.C., J.M. Fisher and S.R. Eckert The effect of initial gall and plant density on gall production by Anguina funesta, the vector in annual ryegrass toxicity. Nematologica 32: Pathak,K.N. and G. Swarup Incidence of Corynebacterium michiganense pv. tritici in the ear-cockle nematode () galls and pathogenicity. Indian phytopathol. 37: Riley, I.T. and A.C. McKay Inoculation of Lolium regidium with Clavibacter sp., the toxigenic bacteria associated with annual ryegrass toxicity. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 71: Riley, I.T. and A.C. McKay Susceptibility of Anguina funesta population to adhesion by the toxigenic Clavibacter of responsible for ARGT. Nematologica 37: Soutery, J.F Discription of plant-parasitic nematodes (). Set 1, No.13, C.I.H. 14. Stynes, B.A. and A.F. Bird Anguina agrostis, the vector of annual ryegrass toxicity in Australia. Nematologica 26: Zgurskaaya, H.I., L.I.Evtushenko, V.N. Akimov and L.V. Kalakoutskii Rathayibacter gen. nov., Including the species Rathayibacter rathayi comb.nov., Rathayibacter tritici comb.nov., Rathayibacter iranicus comb. nov. and six strains from annual grasses. Int. J. Sys. Bacteriol. 43: hg