Islamic University of Gaza Faculty of Engineering Department of Computer Engineering Fall 2011 ECOM 4113: Database System Lab Eng.

Transcription

1 Islamic University f Gaza Faculty f Engineering Department f Cmputer Engineering Fall 2011 ECOM 4113: Database System Lab Eng. Ahmed Abumarasa Database Lab Lab 1 Intrductin t SQL server 2008

2 Intrductin t SQL server 2008: Cnnectin: First step after pening DBMS is t cnnect t the DB server; in MSSQL 2008 yu have multi chice: Frm figure 1.1: 1) Server type: we have 4 type f server: Database Engine Analysis Services Reprting Services SQL server- cmpact editin. Integratin Services 2) Server name. 3) Authenticatin: Cnnect using windws authenticatin (withut username and passwrd). Cnnect using SQL server authenticatin (require username and passwrd). Figure 1.1

3 Object explrer: Figure 1.2 shw the bject explrer which cntain Databases: cntain System databases (master, mdel, msdb, tempdb) Other databases. Security. Server bjects Replicatin. Management. Figure1.2

4 New Lgin By default SQL server has a few lgin accunt, and yu can add new lgin with new rles and authrity, as fllw. Frm bject explrer >security>lgin / right click > new Lgin Frm the dialg windws in the figure 1.3 fill the name, type f authenticatin, server rles, databases mapping etc. Figure 1.3

5 Query windws Next tw figures shw hw t make new query editr: Figure1.4 Query executin dne with tw methd: Press F5. Frm SQL editr tlbar press (! Execute)

6 SQL Language: Intrductin: SQL stands fr Structured Query Language, it have multi categry f languages sme f it: DDL: Data Definitin Language, statements are used t define the database structure r schema like: CREATE: t create bjects in the database. ALTER: alters the structure f the database. DROP: delete bjects frm the database. DML: Data Manipulatin Language, It is used t create and mdify the structure f database bjects in database like: SELECT: retrieve data frm the a database INSERT: insert data int a table UPDATE: updates existing data within a table DELETE: deletes all recrds frm a table, the space fr the recrds remain Language data type: There is many data type in SQL language next sme f it: CHAR (n): fixed width n character string, padded with spaces as needed. VARCHAR (n): variable width string with a maximum size f n characters. NCHAR (n): fixed width string supprting an internatinal character set. NVARCHAR (n): variable width f NCHAR string. INT: Integer. FLOAT. MONEY: duble. DECIMAL (n, m): number with n digit in the lift f the dt and m digit t the right. DATE: Year, mnth, and day fields, cnfrming t the rules f the Gregrian calendar. TIME (p): Hur, minute, and secnd fields, with valid values fr hurs f 00 t 23, valid values fr minutes f 00 t 59, and valid values fr secnds f 00 t 61. Precisin p indicates the secnds precisin. BIT: binary bit true r false.

7 Sme Keywrd: Declare: use t declare a variable t use it in ther place. Frmula: Datatype [= value].e.g. int = 1 Set: use t assign value t the variable mapping the date type f the variable. Frmula: = value.e.g. =5 Print: use t view data n screen. Frmula: print anything_of_any_data_type.e.g..e.g. print 44.e.g. print 'data base' Select: use t view data n screen, which is can a static data r data frm tables as a query. Frmula: select anything_of_any_data_type [as clumn name].e.g. select 44.e.g. select 'data base' as [clumn name] If statement: Frmula: IF Blean_expressin {sql_statement statement_blck} [ELSE {sql_statement statement_blck} ].e.g. >0 begin print 'Psitive' end else begin print 'Negative' end

8 While statement: Frmula: WHILE Blean_expressin {sql_statement statement_blck BREAK CONTINUE}.e.g. <5 begin end Example fr data type: CHAR(n): char(5) = '12345xxxxxxxxx' = '123' 'داتا' N = Result: ???? Nte: fixed size reserve n character event the wrd size less than n, and cannt understand languages ther than English. NCHAR(n): char(5) = '12345xxxxxxxxx' = '123' 'داتا' N = Result: داتا VARCHAR and NVARCHAR like Char and NCHAR Respectively, but it reserve character as much as it need.

9 numbers: int flat int flat mney decimal(8,0) Result: = 12.5 = Date: Result: date time(2) = '2011/09/24' = '13:45:11' print getdate() :45:11.00 Sep :40PM Nte: GETDATE () is redefined functin get the date and time at the executin time.

10 Blean: bit = 'true' = '1' = 'false' = '0' Result:

11 DDL: e.g. Create database: Frmula: create database database_name create database database_name ON PRIMARY ( NAME = LgicalName, FILENAME = 'Path.mdf' ) LOG ON ( NAME = LgicalName2, FILENAME = 'Path.ldf' ) create database lab1 create database lab1 ON PRIMARY ( NAME = lab1primary, FILENAME = 'd:\database\lab1\lab1.mdf' ) LOG ON ( NAME = lab1lg, FILENAME = 'd:\database\lab1\lab1_lg.ldf' ) Create database using GUI: Step 1 At step 2 fill the name f the Database and press k. Step 2

12 Checking Database exists: Every database is listed in a metadata f the SQL server system, s we can check if there exist a database f the same name befre create it t prevent errrs; the table databases cntain this data. SELECT name FROM sys.databases WHERE name = N'database_name' If there exist a result then the database exist. Full example: IF nt EXISTS (SELECT name FROM sys.databases WHERE name = N'database_name') Begin create database database_name end else begin --d anything end Database Rename: Frmula: ALTER DATABASE ldname MODIFY NAME = newname Database delete: Frmula: drp database database_name

13 Lab exercises: 1) Create new database: Name it schl. Name the primary file schl.mdf. Name the lg file schl_lg. Save it n 'd:\database\' 2) Declare the variables First name with maximum character size f 20, last name with maximum character size f 25 and initialize them with yur name. 3) Declare the variables bd with the date data type and initialize it with yu birthday. 4) Declare a variable ispalestinain as Blean take true yu are a Palestinian. 5) Declare a variable GPA with duble and assign yur GPA t it. 6) Declare a variable level with integer and assign yur educatin level t it. 7) Write a SQL statement t print the fllwing: I am yur full name, I brn in yur birth date and I am Palestinian; I am in the yur level level with yur GPA % If the variable ispalestinain true, but if it false print : I am yur full name, I brn in yur birth date but I am nt a Palestinian; I am in the yur level level with yur GPA %