Manufacturing and Flat-wise Compression Performance of Modified 3D Integrated Sandwich Fabric Composites

Transcription

1 Kejing Yu, Hijin Co, Kun Qin, Hongshun Li Key Lortory of Eo-textiles, Ministry of Eution, Jingnn University, 1800 Lihu Ro, Wuxi , PR Chin E-mil: Mnufturing n Flt-wise Compression Performne of Moifie 3D Integrte Snwih Fri Composites Astrt In this stuy, novel mnufturing tehnique for three-imensionl integrte snwih fri with n 8 -shpe insie lyer struture ws evelope. Furthermore new integrte snwih fri with n 88 -shpe insie lyer struture ws esigne in omprison with the 8 -shpe insie lyer struture. The fltwise ompression hrteristis of the three-imensionl integrte snwih fri omposites with ifferent insie lyer ngles, insie lyer heights n insie lyer strutures were investigte. The results showe tht the insie lyer struture of integrte snwih fri omposites woven y the oule rpier tehnique stn more uprightly thn those woven y the tritionl velvet weving tehnique. Wht is more the orresponing fltwise ompression performne ws lso gretly improve. Furthermore ompre to 8 -shpe insie lyer struture omposites, 88 -shpe insie lyer struture omposites n not only retin the mjority of pores ut lso gretly improve the fltwise ompression performne of the omposites. Key wors: three-imensionl, insie lyer struture, fltwise ompression, integrte snwih fri omposites. Introution Integrte snwih fris with hollow insie lyers re proue y weve tehnology, n the skins re strongly onnete with eh other y the link of insie lyer mterils, onsiere s interwoven with the skins. As new type of 3D fire reinforement, its omposite provies snwih struture with high skin-insie lyer e-oning resistne n potentil for ost-effetive snwih onstrution [1-3]. The integrte snwih fri omposite is speil kin of struturl mteril, y the virtue of its high strength weight rtio, mge tolerne, n low mnufturing ost. Nowys 3D omposites hve een wiely use in lrge res of ots, irrft wings, the snwih of oil tnks s well s in vrious floors n prtition wlls. Some relevnt stuies hve een rrie out y some sholrs who ontrstively nlyse the strething, ompression, ening n shering performne of omposites with ifferent egrees of height. Menwhile the low veloity impt [4, 5], ynmi ompression [6], shok loing [7], n moelling [8-10] hve lso een stuie. Erlier reserhes inite tht the mehnil property of integrte snwih fri omposites ws epenent on the insie lyer struture, espeilly the fltwise ompression performne. Thus some other methos were pplie in orer to improve the fltwise ompression performne of integrte snwih fri omposites. The metho of filling fom into hollow prts ws stuie n the results suggeste tht this oul not only improve the mehnil properties of the insie lyer s esigne ut lso elim- inte the speifi hollow struture n inrese the itionl self-weight onsierly [11, 12]. Zhu CY esigne some new insie lyer strutures (inluing the X shpe, V shpe, n honeyom, et) to improve its mehnil properties [13, 14]. But the results showe tht this metho, involving the omplex weve tehnology, oul inrese the selfweight of the fri signifintly, though the fltwise ompression performne of integrte snwih fri omposites oul e improve y the moifition of the woven tehnique. So fr, stuies on 3D omposites hve minly fouse on experimentl tests suh s the si mehnil performne, low-veloity impt n other properties. However, other spets of 3D omposites suh s the preprtion, struturl theory, n fltwise ompression hve not een properly stuie. In this work, the mnufturing n fltwise ompression performne of integrte snwih fri omposites were stuie on the sis of the oservtion n nlysis of the struturl hrter n woven proeure. Aitionlly new type of insie lyer struture - the 88 shpe ws lso esigne to improve the fltwise ompression property of integrte snwih fri omposites. Mnufturing of integrte insie lyer snwih omposites Struturl n proeure nlysis A rpier loom ws use to weve the integrte snwih fri, with only one sheing forming every weving yle, n the wefts in the upper n lower skins were inserte n et-up respetively, whih resulte in the two skins eing not in the sme vertil plne n the insie lyer mteril not eing fully Figure 1. Integrte snwih fri omposite. Figure 2. Loing sitution of fltwise ompression on ore struture. 98 Yu K, Co H, Qin K, Li H. Mnufturing n Flt-wise Compression Performne of Moifie 3D Integrte Snwih Fri Composites. FIBRES & TEXTILES in Estern Europe 2014; 22, 3(105):

2 upright [15, 16]. As shown in Figure 1, the 8 shpe insie lyer mteril ws tilte right, n the tilt ngle seriously ffete the mehnil properties of the omposites, espeilly the fltwise ompression performne. Figure 2 shows shemti rwing illustrting the loing sitution in onitions of fltwise ompression. As shown in Figure 2, line AB, F n θ represente the 8 shpe insie lyer mteril, the fltwise ompression on the upper pnel n the tilt ngle, respetively. Beting-up Trtion evie Rpiers Tke-up evie Hmers Constnt-tension let-off evie It is ler tht the fltwise ompression (F) impose on the pnel n e nlyse s pir of fores F1 n F2. F1 is long the iretion of line AB, while F2 is perpeniulr to line AB. Aoring to mehnis, F2 will generte moment of fore (M), mjor ftor of struturl instility. When inresing the tilt ngle of the insie lyer mterils, the moment of fore (M) will rise in mgnitue suffiiently, resulting in hnge in the estroye form of the insie lyer mteril, from rushe to rotting mge t points A n B. When the moment of fore (M) generte y F2 is eyon the fixe moment t points A n B, the omposite will e mge. Moreover Figure 2 lso lerly shows tht the rm of F2 ws muh longer thn the fixe fore t points A n B, hene the rotting mge of the omposite use y F2 ws muh esier thn the rush mge use y F1. Therefore ensuring the insie lyer mteril keeps upright is n effetive metho to improve the fltwise ompression performne of integrte snwih fri omposites. In orer to mke the insie lyer mterils stright, integrte snwih fri ws woven y rpier loom with pir of rpiers, ompose of three sets of hrnesses, oule rpiers, two let-off systems n n iniret tke-up evie. A shemti rwing of the woven proess is shown in Figure 3. The wrp ws ivie into two prts: the skin wrp n insie lyer wrp, whih were seprtely fe y onstnt-tension n fixe-length let-off evie [17, 18]. Different from the tritionl wrp letoff motion, the skin wrp use onstnt tension let-off, while for the insie lyer wrp it ws onstnt length let-off motion. For the skin wrp, while two shes were forme y the hrnesses, the weft of upper n lower pnels were inserte t low spee t the sme time y the rpiers. As with the onstnt length let-off motion for the insie lyer wrp, Figure 3. Shemti rwing of the woven proess. ) ) Figure 4. Shemti of integrte snwih fri struture: ) X shpe ore struture, ) XX shpe ore struture. the onnetion length oul e hnge y the spee. Beuse of the thikness of 3D integrte snwih fri, tritionl tke-up tehnology oul not meet the requirements. Thus prllel mnner of trtion ws use to le the fri in flt wy y ontrolling the wrp tension n ury of trtion. Aitionlly the trnsltionl eting-up mehnism ws opte to ensure tht the weft in the upper n lower skins n e on the sme vertil plne. Furthermore the tension of single yrn must keep onsisteny to ensure the sene of uneven stithes uring the weve proess. Frition Fixe-length let-off evie Struturl esign The integrte snwih fri onsiste of two ientil prllel skins linke together y mens of insie lyer fires, whose struture n e seen from Figure 4. The weve struture of the skins ws esigne s plin. It is well known tht the ense texture n provie enough slippge resistne for the insie lyer fires interwoven in the skins. As shown in Figure 4, the insie lyer fire ws esigne for two ptterns: X shpe n XX shpe. When forming X or XX shpe, the insie lyer fire must e interwoven in the skins in W or M shpe in orer to ensure the position n height of insie lyer mterils. VARIM proess There re severl moling tehnologies to prepre fire reinfore omposites, suh s hn ly-up, vuum-ssiste moling, ipping, injetion moling n 99

3 Figure 5. Formtion of 8 shpe from X shpe. high ngle egn to ollpse, in other wors, the omposite eme ilpite. Therefore the mge of the integrte snwih fri omposite ws minly reflete s insie lyer mteril mge in the fltwise ompression test. The tilt ngle ws key ftor in effeting the fltwise ompression performne of the integrte snwih fri omposite. so on [19]. Vuum Assiste Resin Infusion moling (VARIM) is n eonomil moling tehnology for lrge sle workpiees [20]. Here, oring to the referene, the moling proess of integrte snwih fri omposites ws prepre y VARIM tehnology [21]. Epoxy resin (E-51), polymie uring gent (651) n epoxy retive iluent (660), supplie y the Wuxi Resin Ftory of Blue Str New Chemil Mterils Co., Lt. were use. Beuse of the fire stiffness n fri struture, the insie lyer mteril oes not fully stn up to form n X shpe, ut ukles etween the two skins to form n 8 shpe, forming ontinuous insie lyer struture etween the upper n lower skins. The forming proess is shown in Figure 5. Fltwise ompression test The fltwise ompression strength of integrte snwih fri ws teste y the INSTRON 3385H universl mteril tester oring to the stnr of GB/T [22]. Test smples for fltwise ompression were of the size of mm. The mient temperture ws out 25 C n the reltive humiity out 50-60%, with 2 mm/min lo spee. The fltwise ompression test proess is shown in Figure 6. To stuy the effet of the tilt ngle on the fltwise ompression property of integrte snwih fri omposite, 8 Figure 6. Fltwise ompression test. 100 shpe insie lyer struture smples with ifferent tilt ngles (0, 15, 30, 45 ) were prepre, ontrolling the ngle error within 2. Moreover smples with three height egrees (6 mm, 8 mm, n 10 mm) were esigne for experimentl nlysis. Contrst experiments for 8 n 88 shpe smples with four ifferent egrees of height (6 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm, n 12 mm) in the fltwise ompression test were lso rrie out in this stuy. Results n isussions Effet of insie lyer mteril tilt ngle It is si tht the insie lyer mteril of the integrte snwih fri omposite plys n importnt role in the fltwise ompression test n the min mge form of the integrte snwih fri omposite ws ttriute to its insie lyer mteril. Therefore the ering pity of the insie lyer mteril etermine the strength n stility of the omposite in the fltwise ompression test. Thus the tilt ngle of the insie lyer mteril eme signifint ftor for the stility of the integrte snwih fri omposite. Smples with ifferent tilt ngles were teste, the results of whih re shown in Figure 7 (see pge 100). It n e lerly oserve from Figure 7.A tht the fltwise ompression strength ws reue long with the inresing tilt ngle of the insie lyer mterils. An ovious isrepny in the rekge proess etween the smll ngle (0 n 15 ) n high ngle (30 n 45 ) emerge: The stress of oth the smll n high ngle smples inrese linerly with the isplement, ut the ifferene ourre t the yiel point. The stress of the smples with smll ngle grully erese fter rriving t the yiel point. Menwhile the smples with high ngle still kept onstnt stress long with n inrese in isplement fter rriving t the yiel point. When the pek point ws rehe, the insie lyer mterils of smples with As shown in Figure 7, it n e onlue tht the effet of the tilt ngle on the fltwise ompression strength h gret epenene on the height of the insie lyer mterils. It ws minly ttriute to the torque of F2 (Figure 2), whih inrese long with the height of the insie lyer mterils. The ering pity of the insie lyer mteril oul reh pek s the insie lyer mterils eme fully upright. Moreover the upright position of the insie lyer mteril epens lrgely on the weving proess, while orinry velvet weving tehnology oul not gurntee the uprightness n stility of insie lyer mterils. Compression performne ontrst etween 8 n 88 insie lyer struturl mterils The fltwise ompression performne of 8 n 88 shpe smples with 4 ifferent egrees of height (6 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm, n 12 mm) were teste, the results of whih re shown in Figure 8 (see pge 102). It n e seen from Figure 8 (see pge 102) tht the 88 insie lyer struture n improve the fltwise ompression strength rstilly, espeilly t the height of 12 mm, whose inrement spee oul reh 70%. As shown in the figure, the thiker the smple is, the higher the inresing rte is of the fltwise ompression strength of the 88 integrte snwih fri omposite. Thus it n e stte tht the 88 insie lyer struture n provie metho to resolve the stle prolem. Although the fltwise ompression strength woul e oviously reue with n inrese in height, it n lso hve positive effet on settling the limit of the thikness. Conlusions In the present stuy, new integrte snwih fri with n 88 shpe insie lyer struture ws esigne, s well s new weve tehnique using rpier loom with pir of rpiers, whih inlue

4 Lo, N three sets of hrnesses, oule rpiers, two let-off systems n n iniret tkeup evie, plying n importnt role in the weve tehniques invente. The fltwise ompression strength ws reue long with the inresing tilt ngle of the insie lyer mterils, n the fltwise ompression strength lerly erese with n inrese in the height. Aitionlly it ws foun tht the integrte snwih fri omposite with 88 shpe insie lyer mteril ws superior to tht with n 8 shpe insie lyer mteril. Aknowlegements This work ws supporte y the Ntionl Nturl Siene Fountion of Chin (No , ). Lo, N Lo, N Figure 7. Fltwise ompression performne of integrte snwih fri omposite with ifferent pile ngles (Height = 6 mm (A), 8 mm (B) n 10 mm (C): - tilt ngle 0, - tilt ngle 15, - tilt ngle 30 n ) tilt ngle 45 ). Referenes 1. Tong L, Mouritz AP, Bnnnister MK. 3D fier reinfore polymer omposites. Beijing: Siene Press, Wng XY, Yng FB, Zeng JC. Design priniple n pplition of snwih struturl omposites. Beijing: Chemistry Inustry Press, Bnnister MK, Bremr R, Crothers PJ. The mehnil performne of 3D woven snwih omposites. Composite Strutures 1999; 47, 4: Anerson T, Meni E. Experimentl investigtion of low-veloity impt hrteristis of snwih omposites. Composites Struture 2000; 50: Viy AS, Viy UK, Uin N. Impt response of three-imensionl multifuntionl snwih omposite. Mterils Siene n Engineering A 2008; 472, 1/2: Hosur MV, Aullh M, Jeelni S. Dynmi ompression ehvior of integrte insie lyer snwih omposites. Mterils Siene n Engineering A 2007; : Srinivsn AT, Bognovih AE. Shok loing response of snwih pnels with 3-D woven E-glss omposite skins n stithe fom insie lyer. Composites Siene n Tehnology 2009; 69: Coriglino A, Rizzi E. Experimentl hrteriztion n numeril simultions of synti-fom/glssfire omposites snwih. Composites Siene n Tehnology 2000; 60, 11: Foo CC, Chi GB, Seh LK. A moel to preit low-veloity impt response n mge in snwih omposites. Composites Siene n Tehnology 2008; 68:

5 Fltwise ompressive strength, MP 12 8 shpe ore struture Figure 8. Fltwise ompression strength ontrst. 10. Ftt MSH, Prk KS. Dynmi Moels for Low-veloity Impt Dmge of Composite Snwih Pnels-Prt B: Dmge Initition. Composite Strutures 2001; 52: Sun CF, Xue YD, Hu P. Mehnil properties n test metho for fom insie lyer snwih struture. Fier Reinfore Plstis/Composites 2005; 2: Zhung GZ, Sun ZJ, Wng SK. Experimentl stuy on the si mehnil hrteristis of fom fille 15. Vn Vuure AW, Ivens JA, Verpoest I. Mehnil properties of omposite pnels se on woven snwih-fri preforms. Composites: Prt A 2000; 31: shpe ore struture 16. Vn Vuure AW, Pflug J, Ivens JA. Moelling the insie lyer properties of omposite pnels se on woven snwih-fri performs. Composites Siene n Tehnology 2000; 60: Kong LJ, Wu H. Stuy on the positive let-off mehnism. Sihun Textile Tehnology 2004; 3: Go J, Li JM. Investigtion of oule lyer fri weving proess on rpier loom with single em. Journl of Tinjin Polytehni University 2008; 27, 1: Song YS, Youn JR. Moeling of resin infusion in vuum ssiste resin trnsfer moling. Polymer Composites 2008; 29: Zho QS, Zho PF. Stuy on Vuum ssiste resin infusion moling tehnique. Fier Composites 2002; 27, 1: D sper fri omposites. At 21. Hosur MV, Aullh M, Jeelni S. Mterie Composite Sini 2009; 5: Mnufturing n low-veloity impt 26: hrteriztion of hollow integrte 13. Zhu CY, Tn DY, Tin W. Struturl insie lyer snwih omposites with hyri fe sheets. Composite esign n weving methos of 3D Strutures 2004; 65: orthogonl integrte ellulr woven 22. GB/T Snwih struture fris. Journl of Textile Reserh or insie lyer flt performne test 2006; 27, 12: metho. 14. Zhu CY, Chen JJ, Zhu JP. Development of 3-D integrte n snwihe fri omposites. Journl of Textile Reserh 2007; 28, 1: Reeive Reviewe Height, mm 18th Interntionl Ppermking Conferene & Exhiition PROGRESS14 INNOVATIONS & COMPETITIVENESS Septemer 2014 r., Hotel Anel s, Łóź, Poln Topis: Min ftors whih rete the evelopment of the worl s ppermking inustry: gloliztion, protetion of the environment, informtive tehnologies, the inresing use of wste-pper Atul stte of rt n tenenies of tehnologies evelopment for mnufturing the firous pulp, pper n or Rw mterils n uxiliry prouts for the proution of firous pulp n pper woo n non-woo rw mterils, wste-pper, fillers, pigments, pper sizes n other prouts Mhines, evies n equipment New tehnologies n equipment for the mnufturing of pkging from orrugte or Qulity of pper n pper prouts Energy prolems Exhiition n poster session Simultneously with the two-y onferene tivity poster session presenting reserh works will e hel, s well s tehnil exhiition of the mnufturers n suppliers, who will present mhines, equipment, ontrol n mesuring evies, informtive systems, s well s rw mterils n uxiliry gents. For more informtion plese ontt: Assoition of Polish Ppermkers Pl Komuny Pryskiej 5, skr. pozt. 200, Łóź, Poln, Tel. (42) , Fx (42) , E-mil: info@spp.pl 102