Three-dimensional directional display and pickup
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1 Three-dimensional directional display and pickup Joonku Hahn NCRCAPAS School of Electrical Engineering Seoul National University
2 CONTENTS I. Introduction II. Three-dimensional directional display 2.1 Uniform angular resolution integral imaging with boundary folding mirrors 2.2 Uniformly cross-sectional display using multiple shear projection 2.3 Hologram-like projection display III. Pickup suitable for three-dimensional directional display 3.1 Direct pickup of elemental images 3.2 Undistorted pickup method of both virtual and real objects for integral imaging 3.3 Pixel matched pickup for hologram-like display IV. Conclusion
3 I. Introduction Classification of three-dimensional display Directional display : Directional emission 3D display Volumetric display : Nondirectional scattering or emission 1/52
4 I. Introduction Properties of three-dimensional display 1. Volume occupation Some directional displays + All volumetric displays 2. One focused image plane Some directional displays with incoherent light source 3. Multi focused image plane Some directional displays with coherent light source 2/52
5 I. Introduction Motivation of three-dimensional directional display When we want to watch different channels at the same time, What is the best solution? 3/52
6 I. Introduction Motivation of three-dimensional directional display DRAMA SPORTS GAME VIDEO Multi-view display can give us the solution that whole family exist at the same place. 4/52
7 I. Introduction Motivation of pixel matched pickup for three-dimensional display Sometimes, we meet an mysterious scene that is unintelligible. And someone wants to record this scene. 5/52
8 I. Introduction Motivation of pixel matched pickup for three-dimensional display Let s assume that there exists a Dracula really, And intermediate view should be generated form two cameras. 1st camera 2nd camera Dracula Human Mirror Then, what is a correct solution? Since a Dracula has no reflection image, the existence of a mirror results in the contradiction. 6/52
9 I. Introduction Motivation of pixel matched pickup for three-dimensional display Similar problems occur on the surface emitting different colors according to directions. As you know, a three-dimensional directional display also has these properties. Pickup Display Therefore, for correct and efficient pickup for a directional display, a pickup method with pixel matching between pickup and display is necessary. 7/52
10 I. Introduction Motivation of pixel matched pickup for three-dimensional display 1:1 pixel matching Multi pickup Multi projection Pixel matched pickup is not only efficient but also correct. 8/52
11 II. Three-dimensional directional display 2.1 Uniform angular resolution integral imaging with boundary folding mirrors 2.2 Uniformly cross-sectional display using multiple shear projection 2.3 Hologram-like projection display 9/52
12 II. Three-dimensional directional display 2.1 Uniform angular resolution integral imaging with boundary folding mirrors Conventional integral imaging display Directions of perspectives Horizontal viewing angle Vertical viewing angle Unit vertical angle of angular resolution Unit horizontal length of spatial resolution Unit vertical length of spatial resolution Unit horizontal angle of angular resolution Central depth plane Spatial and angular resolutions View volume and directions of perspectives J. Hahn, Y. Kim, and B. Lee, Appl. Opt. 48, pp (2009) 10/52
13 II. Three-dimensional directional display 2.1 Uniform angular resolution integral imaging with boundary folding mirrors Proposed integral imaging display with boundary folding mirrors Lens array with focal length f Elemental images Elemental image plane d gap Lens array d plane mirror Central depth plane Boundary folding mirrors 11/52
14 II. Three-dimensional directional display 2.1 Uniform angular resolution integral imaging with boundary folding mirrors Conventional integral imaging display Imbricate view volumes Directions of perspectives on CDP 12/52
15 II. Three-dimensional directional display 2.1 Uniform angular resolution integral imaging with boundary folding mirrors Proposed integral imaging display Folded imbricate view volumes Directions of perspectives on CDP 13/52
16 II. Three-dimensional directional display 2.1 Uniform angular resolution integral imaging with boundary folding mirrors Conventional integral imaging display Angular resolution Distribution of perspectives Lower boundary of InIm display Upper boundary of InIm display Proposed integral imaging display Angular resolution Boundary folded Lower boundary of InIm display Distribution of perspectives Upper boundary of InIm display Boundary folded Lower boundary of InIm display Upper boundary of InIm display Lower boundary of InIm display Upper boundary of InIm display 14/52
17 II. Three-dimensional directional display 2.1 Uniform angular resolution integral imaging with boundary folding mirrors Movement of field of view by boundary folding mirrors Boundaries of InIm display Field of view Total viewing angle Ω Elemental images Lens array Central depth plane Viewing zone Field of view in the conventional InIm display 15/52
18 II. Three-dimensional directional display 2.1 Uniform angular resolution integral imaging with boundary folding mirrors Movement of field of view by boundary folding mirrors Mirror folded region Boundaries of InIm display w folded w Boundary folding mirrors Field of view Total viewing angle Ω Elemental images Mirror folded region Lens array Central depth plane Viewing zone d gap Field of view in the proposed InIm display 16/52
19 II. Three-dimensional directional display 2.1 Uniform angular resolution integral imaging with boundary folding mirrors Reorganization for generating set of elemental images Elemental images in mirror folded regions Reorganized relation Reorganized set of elemental images 17/52
20 II. Three-dimensional directional display 2.1 Uniform angular resolution integral imaging with boundary folding mirrors Experimental results Full HD Projector Magnification lens Projection screen Boundary folding mirrors Lens array Experimental setup Perspective views 18/52
21 II. Three-dimensional directional display 2.2 Uniformly cross-sectional display using multiple shear projection 3D display with both global and local stops based on integral imaging EI plane Local stops with effective focal length Global stop with effective focal length f f1 2 Display image plane Local optical axis Global optical axis CS EI CS 1 CS 2 CS display wei Slocal d1 d2 d3 +0 ( + ) X A( X ) + ( ) B A X 19/52
22 II. Three-dimensional directional display 2.2 Uniformly cross-sectional display using multiple shear projection Step.1 The condition that one view is generated by one elemental image B 22 = 0 1 d d2 B = f d f d + d d d f = 1 f2 1 d2 f2 d = f 2 2 Step.2 The condition that light emissions from elemental image are focused on image plane ( ΒΑ) 12 = 0 BA 1 d f f d 1 d f f f f + d d f f d d f = 1 f2 0 1 f = 1 f2 d1 f2 ( 1 ) d = f + f d f f /52
23 II. Three-dimensional directional display 2.2 Uniformly cross-sectional display using multiple shear projection Step.3 The condition that the cross-sectional size in display maintains uniformly d 3 = 0 ( ) d = f f f f Step.4 The calculation of the amount of shear projections (, ) = x α T f2 f1 f2 d1 f2 1 d1 x x x B A( ) + = + 1 f2 0 1 f1 1 d1 f1 α 0 f f f d f x+ αd ( ) ( ) x = f1 d1 x = f2 f1 f2 x = 1 f2 0 ( x x ) f1+ α ( 1 d1 f1) x f2 f1 x f2 d1 = ( x+ αd1) f2 21/52
24 II. Three-dimensional directional display 2.2 Uniformly cross-sectional display using multiple shear projection 3D display with both global and local stops with d > f /52
25 II. Three-dimensional directional display 2.2 Uniformly cross-sectional display using multiple shear projection 3D display with both global and local stops with d < f /52
26 II. Three-dimensional directional display 2.2 Uniformly cross-sectional display using multiple shear projection Proposed uniformly cross-sectional display 24/52
27 II. Three-dimensional directional display 2.2 Uniformly cross-sectional display using multiple shear projection Experimental results EI plane Optics for multiple shear projections on local stops Lens on global stop Experimental setup Perspective views 25/52
28 II. Three-dimensional directional display 2.3 Hologram-like projection display (previous research) Directional emission screen Field of view and angular resolution T. Balogh et al., EUROGRAPHICS /52
29 II. Three-dimensional directional display 2.3 Hologram-like projection display Embodiment of hologram-like display Folding mirrors Asymmetric diffusing screen mm 8 LCDs Projection lenses f = 50.0mm Irises LCD: Monochromatic XGA Pixel Size: 14µ m Samsung SDI project (Mar ~ Feb. 2007). 27/52
30 II. Three-dimensional directional display 2.3 Hologram-like projection display Embodiment of hologram-like display 28/52
31 II. Three-dimensional directional display 2.3 Hologram-like projection display Labview programs for hologram-like display Image synthesis program Display driving program 29/52
32 II. Three-dimensional directional display 2.3 Hologram-like projection display Experimental results 30/52
33 III. Pickup suitable for three-dimensional directional display 3.1 Direct pickup of elemental images 3.2 Undistorted pickup method of both virtual and real objects for integral imaging 3.3 Pixel matched pickup for hologram-like display 31/52
34 III. Pickup suitable for three-dimensional directional display 3.1 Direct pickup of elemental images Inverted perspective projection view volume of integral photography Elemental Image Direction of camera view Projection Reference Point Far clipping Plane Clipping Window Rectangular Frustum View volume Near clipping Plane 32/52
35 III. Pickup suitable for three-dimensional directional display 3.1 Direct pickup of elemental images Inverted perspective projection view volume of hologram-like display Source of one elemental image Viewing volume from one elemental image Asymmetric diffraction screen of hologram-like display 33/52
36 III. Pickup suitable for three-dimensional directional display 3.1 Direct pickup of elemental images Two types of inverted perspective projection view volumes Inverted perspective symmetric view volume Inverted perspective asymmetric view volume 34/52
37 III. Pickup suitable for three-dimensional directional display 3.1 Direct pickup of elemental images Camera with an inverted asymmetric perspective view volume for hologram-like display Cylindrical lens Telecentric lens Inverted perspective view volume CCD CCD: 4.65µ m pixel size (Sony XCD-SX910) Telecentric lens: X0.16 (Edmund Optics) Cylindrical lens: 152mm focal length HPO FOV FOV = 2 arctan = 14.0 degree ( ) J. Hahn, Y. Lim, G. Park, and B. Lee, COOC, (2007). 35/52
38 III. Pickup suitable for three-dimensional directional display 3.1 Direct pickup of elemental images Experimental results perspective view volume telecentric view volume Elemental image synthesized by conventional method inverted asymmetric perspective view volume 36/52
39 III. Pickup suitable for three-dimensional directional display 3.2 Undistorted pickup method of both virtual and real objects for integral imaging Distortion in conventional pickup of both virtual and real objects with a large convex lens View volumes of pickup View volumes of InIm display J. Hahn, Y. Kim, E.-H. Kim, and B. Lee, Opt. Express 16, (2008). 37/52
40 III. Pickup suitable for three-dimensional directional display 3.2 Undistorted pickup method of both virtual and real objects for integral imaging Sub-view volume of an individual lens in InIm display 38/52
41 III. Pickup suitable for three-dimensional directional display 3.2 Undistorted pickup method of both virtual and real objects for integral imaging Imbricate view volumes of InIm display 39/52
42 III. Pickup suitable for three-dimensional directional display 3.2 Undistorted pickup method of both virtual and real objects for integral imaging Pickup system with imbricate view volumes 40/52
43 III. Pickup suitable for three-dimensional directional display 3.2 Undistorted pickup method of both virtual and real objects for integral imaging Relationship between demanded elemental images and pickup image 41/52
44 III. Pickup suitable for three-dimensional directional display 3.2 Undistorted pickup method of both virtual and real objects for integral imaging Pickup and reconstructed images Upper view Left view Right view Raw pickup image Lower view Set of flipped elemental images 42/52 Reconstructed image
45 III. Pickup suitable for three-dimensional directional display 3.2 Undistorted pickup method of both virtual and real objects for integral imaging Experimental results Lens array 4f optics Object on the critical plane z = 0mm Virtual object z = 30mm CCD Telecentric lens Fresnel lenses Object moving from virtual to real field ŷ Real object z = 30mm ẑ ˆx Photograph of embodied pickup system with imbricate view volumes Configuration of objects with different positions 43/52
46 III. Pickup suitable for three-dimensional directional display 3.2 Undistorted pickup method of both virtual and real objects for integral imaging Conventional pickup with the movable object z = 30mm z = 0mm z = 30mm Virtual object Real object Movable object Movable object at z = 30mm at z = 30mm 44/52
47 III. Pickup suitable for three-dimensional directional display 3.2 Undistorted pickup method of both virtual and real objects for integral imaging Proposed pickup with the movable object z = 30mm z = 0mm z = 30mm Virtual object Real object Movable object Movable object at z = 30mm at z = 30mm 45/52
48 III. Pickup suitable for three-dimensional directional display 3.2 Undistorted pickup method of both virtual and real objects for integral imaging Pickup and reconstructed images Perspective views of reconstructed images 46/52
49 III. Pickup suitable for three-dimensional directional display 3.3 Pixel matched pickup for hologram-like display Folded imbricate view volumes in hologram-like display Cylindrical lens Telecentric lens Source of one elemental image Viewing volume from one elemental image Asymmetric diffraction screen of hologram-like display Inverted perspective view volume CCD View volumes in hologram-like display Camera with an inverted perspective view volume 47/52
50 III. Pickup suitable for three-dimensional directional display 3.3 Pixel matched pickup for hologram-like display Flip effect in 4f system Cameras 4f system Inverted view volumes /52
51 III. Pickup suitable for three-dimensional directional display 3.3 Pixel matched pickup for hologram-like display The problem in folded imbricate view volumes resulting from flip effect Cameras Mirror Mirror 49/52
52 III. Pickup suitable for three-dimensional directional display 3.3 Pixel matched pickup for hologram-like display Correction of flipping effect using Amici-roof prisms Amici Roof prism width=1 width=3 width=3 width=1 50/52
53 III. Pickup suitable for three-dimensional directional display 3.3 Pixel matched pickup for hologram-like display Design of pixel matched pickup for hologram-like display 51/52
54 IV. Conclusion Three-dimensional directional display - Uniform angular resolution is achieved using boundary folding mirrors based on integral imaging, which is regarded as the full-parallax expansion of a hologram-like projection display. - Uniformly cross-sectional display is realized using multiple shear projection with both global and local stops. Pickup suitable for three-dimensional directional display - For direct pickup of elemental images, camera with an inverted perspective view volume is embodied. - Undistorted pickup method of both virtual and real objects for integral imaging is realized by generating imbricate view volumes in 4f system. - Pixel matched pickup for hologram-like display is proposed and under manufacture. 52/52
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