Development of finite element analysis system for membrane and shell structures by using 3D-optic system
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1 trend in CSM 01 1 Development of finite element analysis system for membrane and shell structures by using 3D-optic system H. Matsuda, T.Sakiyama and C.Morita (Nagasaki Univ. ) M. Nakamura (Nippon Kohken Jyoho Co.,Ltd (B&C) ) K. Kawaguchi (Tokyo Univ. )
2 trend in CSM 01 2 Aim Spatial structures (membrane, shell, cable-net) = Form finding until 1970 soap film, tulle model Stereo image method after Computer Structural Optimization CAD, CAI high-performance computer high tech peripheral device highly-developed software technology Structural Analysis System to discover new things by studying the past through scrutiny of the old monitoring technology for maintenance = nondestructive testing
3 trend in CSM 01 3 Development of a new type 3D measurement system non-contact portable on-site measuring CCD Camera Laser projection device PC CCD camera slit ray laser ray laser projection device CCD camera CCD camera laser projection device (a) spot ray measurement (b) slit ray measurement 3D measuring method
4 trend in CSM st 3D measuring device update 3D measuring device Chracteristics of the present measurement system (1) Non-contact measurement (2) On-site measurement (3) Short time and automatically measurement (4) Continuously moving measurement (5) storing and visualization of a enormous data
5 trend in CSM 01 5 Verification of practicability 1 the curved profiles of thin-walled shell strucures 2 the wrinkling of tensioned rectangular membrane 3 the surface profile of concrete = construction joints problems (not yet) free vibration of shell wrinkling of membrane constructiom joints
6 trend in CSM 01 6 Accuracy (1) correction of camera lens distortion (2) Accuracy in the depth direction board (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) measured points : measuring point θ image range left camera right camera measuring for correction of the distortion Measuring results accuracy (%) measured space before correct after correct (1) (2) (2) (3) (3) (4) (4) (5) (5) (6) (1) (6) error(%) spot method slit method board mesuring direction measurement device Measuring results of the depth direction θ
7 trend in CSM 01 7 Measuring time and envionment A stylus type 3D machine the present 3D measuring system contacting directly measurement non-contact type, portable-type high accuracy on-site measuring restricted sizes and weight without restriction 12 hours to measure 40,000 points automatic spot : 40 min. for 5,000 points automatic spot : 10 sec. for 5,000 points stylus type 3D measuring machine present 3D measuring device
8 trend in CSM Free vibration for twisted thin conical shell panels Prof. Tsuiji s research ( at Nagasaki Univ. ) (1) free vibrations analysis : twisted thin conical shell panels = Rayleigh-Ritz procedure exact strain-dispalcement relationships the thin shell theory the principle of virtual work (2) Tests = holographic interferometry time-average method
9 trend in CSM 01 9 specimens 2 b 0 144φ 84φ b 1 Thin conical shell pipe made of aluminium alloy Dimensions of Thin conical shell (K=0 ) (K=30 ) (K=60 ) Specimens (Aluminium alloy : E = 71 GPa, Poisson s ratio ν =0.33, ρ = 2.7 g/cm 3 )
10 trend in CSM Test vibrator loud speaker or small electric vibrator strain gauge : maximum frequency resonance frequency holographic intererometry time-average method Measurement by laser holographic interferometer
11 trend in CSM FE mesh generation measured 3D data = enormous amount, irregular intervals Leveling 3D data were projected on xy plane z corordinates (2 2 mm 2 ) averaging a new z coordinate y FE mesh generation FE mesh = the real boundary shape. : : real point interpolated point x
12 trend in CSM Comparison between FE- and experimental results ( Resonance frequency ) FE element three nodes triangular shell elements Number of elements Number of nodal points frequency a b c d a b c d a b c d vibration modes (a) K = vibration modes (b) K = vibration modes (c) K =60 (a : experiment, b : Rayleigh-Ritz, c : stylus type of 3D system, d : the present system) Results of free vibration analysis of thin shells
13 trend in CSM Vibration modes (K=0 ) (Top : Experiment, Bottom : The present system) 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th
14 trend in CSM Vibration modes (K=30 ) (Top : Experiment, Bottom : The present system) 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th
15 trend in CSM Vibration modes (K=60 ) (Top : Experiment, Bottom : The present system) 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th
16 trend in CSM Wrinkling measurement of tensioned membrane tensile load cell wire rope membrane 3000 (a) plan view tensile load cell membrane wire rope (b) side view An experimental equipment
17 trend in CSM Measuring scene manually measurement wrinkling automatically measurement
18 trend in CSM Measuring procedure start point line No. ~ ~ ~ ~ 15 points (start point) No. of points points end point C.L. (a) Slit ray projection method (end points) C.L. (b) Spot ray projection method 2220
19 trend in CSM Measuring results laser disp. spot slit A surface chart displacement A wire frame chart 50 Wrinkling at the center section
20 trend in CSM Conclusions 1. A new type 3D measurement system has been developed, which is a non-contact and portable type, so that the present system make it possible to measure the objects on-site. 2. By using the present 3D measurement system, the 3D profiles of membrane and shell structures were measured, and examine the practicability. (a) i) FE mesh generation from the 3D data of the surface profile ii) free vibration analysis vibration frequencies and modes were calcurated by FEM iii) comparison with experimental results The results by the present system agree well with test results (b) i) Wrinkling of tensioned membrane were measured by the slit ray projection, the spot ray projection and the laser displacement sensor. ii) The agreement among the three measuring methods is found to be good.
21 trend in CSM Construction joints problem of concrete (1) 3D measurement of the concrete surface (2) Quantification = surface area, surface depth, etc. (3) Slant shear test = relation between the roughness and shear strength (a) aggregate-embedding (b) retardant A B C (c) broom-sweeping (d) air-cell D E F (e) grinder (f) chipping (g) shot blasting surface treatment methods G H I Concrete surface with various roughness
22 trend in CSM Ratio of surface area Evaluation of measurement methods stylus 3D slit ray Ratio of surface depth stylus 3D slit ray A B C D E F G H I Concrete No. 0 A B C D E F G H I Concrete No. (a) surface area (b) surface depth Measurement results of surface profile slit ray γ=0.93 measured value regression curve stylus type slit ray γ=0.96 measured value regression curve stylus type (a) Surface area (b) Surface depth Correlation of surface roughness by both measurements
23 23 trend in CSM 01 Shear strength 1.0 γ= measured value regression line roughness index Relation between surface roughness and shear strength (Number of peaks) Image processing of measuring results
24 trend in CSM Application to a large scale structure New calibration method = large scale structure ex. Peace Statue (in Nagasaki) 3D Measuring Technology = maintenance of historical construction (a) Peace Statue & Prof.Ramm in Nagasaki (b) Measurement result 3D measurement of Peace Statue in Nagasaki
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