ITRES Data Processing Report

Transcription

1 HEMMERA ENVIROCHEM INC. BIOFILM COMMUNITY AT ROBERTS BANK ANALYSES TO SUPPORT HYPERSPECTRAL MAPPING Appendix 2 ITRES Data Processing Report : Rev 5 : 30 March 2015 Appendices

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3 Project Final Report October 25, 2012 Contract No: 2012CO714 Hyperspectral Airborne Survey of Robert's Bank Robert's Bank, Vancouver, BC CASI-1500 data from Robert s Bank (in false color: 903, 553, 453nm) 1.0m pixels Prepared For: ASL Environmental Sciences Inc. # Rajpur Place Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8M 1Z5 Prepared by: ITRES Research Limited Suite 110, ST Street NW Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2L 2K7

4 Table of Contents 1. Project Overview CASI-1500 Sensor Background Information CASI-1500 Sensor Preparations Sensor Radiometric and Spectral Calibration Flight Planning Aircraft Preparations AIRBORNE SURVEY Aircraft Mobilization and Sensor Installation Flight Data Acquisition Flight Summary Field Data Quality Assessment Flight Data Processing Bundle Adjustment Processing Radiometric Corrections Notes on Accuracy of the Radiometric Correction and Low Signal Levels Image Geo-referencing Notes on Geo-correction CASI-1500 Image Mosaics Deliverables and File Descriptions Summary Appendix A: Final Data Deliverables Page 2

5 List of Figures Figure 1: CASI-1500 and TABI-1800 Sensor heads installed in Fotoflight Navajo... 5 Figure 2: Robert's Bank project area (Google Earth image) showing the 7 planned flight lines Figure 3: Planned flight lines for the Bundle Adjustment flight over the ITRES boresite in Black Diamond, AB Figure 4: Initial radiometrically corrected CASI-1500 sample image from the project area..11 Figure 1: CASI-1500 false color image of the Black Diamond, AB, boresite. (R: 753nm, G: 553nm, B: 443nm).12 Figure 6: CASI-1500 data before radiometric correction Figure 2: CASI-1500 data after radiometric correction 13 Figure 8: Representative CASI-1500 spectral plots before and after radiometric correction. The raw data plot (left) is in DN, and the radiometric data plot (right) is in milli-spectral Radiance Units (msru) Figure 9: CASI-1500 mosaic subset of the Robert s Bank project area (R: 653nm, G: 553nm, B: 453nm) List of Tables Table 1: CASI-1500 Airborne Hyperspectral Imaging System Overview... 5 Table 2: CASI-1500 System Performance Specifications... 6 Table 3: Airborne Hyperspectral Survey Flight Plans and Parameters Table 1: Equipment Summary by Platform Table 5: ITRES software used in processing of raw data to geo-referenced radiance imagery Table 6: Project deliverables Page 3 of 21

6 1. Project Overview ITRES Research Limited (ITRES) was contracted by ASL Environmental Inc. to acquire and process daytime airborne hyperspectral imagery of Robert's Bank, located 15km south of Vancouver, BC.. ITRES Hyperspectral CASI-1500 Airborne Imager was used to acquire the VNIR Hyperspectral data. Authorization to proceed with the project (contract signing date) was given on July 23rd, The aircraft and pilot for this project were both subcontracted by ITRES and were provided by Fotoflight Surveys Ltd, located in Calgary, AB. ITRES field operations began on July 28th, 2012, with the installation of the CASI-1500 sensor and related equipment at the Springbank Airport, located in Calgary, AB. Installation of the equipment and subsequent ground tests were completed in the evening of July 28 th, The required bundle adjustment flight over the ITRES boresite in Black Diamond, AB, was conducted in the late afternoon of July 28 th, This flight was necessary to determine the geometric calibration parameters required when processing the CASI-1500 data from the current installation. The aircraft ferried out to Vancouver the following day on July 29 th, 2012 and was ready to acquire data at the start of the week. The survey flight over Robert's Bank was delayed a day due to weather and was thus conducted between 10am and 1pm (local time) on Tuesday July 31, ITRES personnel reviewed the bundle adjustment data on July 30 th, 2012, and began processing and validating the geometric offsets before the project end. Data backup and preliminary field processing of the Robert's Bank project data was performed by the ITRES operator on July 31st, 2012, in order to assess the data quality. All CASI-1500 data passed field quality assurance (QA) procedures. ASL personnel later viewed the preliminary processed CASI-1500 data in Victoria, BC. The return ferry flight happened on August 1 st, 2012 with an uninstallation upon arrival in Calgary. After the completion of the field data acquisition part of the project, the raw data was brought back to the ITRES facilities and underwent further data processing. Multiple QA checks were performed during processing to ensure final data quality met the project specifications. Final project deliverables include the radiometrically and geometrically corrected CASI-1500 individual flight-lines and the complete mosaic over the Robert's Bank project site. Also included are the GLTs (Ground Lookup Tables) for the individual lines. The CASI-1500 final data products were delivered to ASL via external data drive on August 31 st, CASI-1500 Sensor Background Information All matter on the earth s surface interacts with sunlight to some degree, reflecting, transmitting, or absorbing incident light based in part on material composition and structure, and influenced by biological activity. It is the relative (and often subtle) differences in reflectance across the visible and near-infrared (VNIR) portions of the electromagnetic spectrum that provide the basis for the remote differentiation of surface materials in this region. The commercial CASI (Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager) series of Hyperpsectral VNIR imaging systems developed by ITRES Research Limited are calibrated remote sensing instruments designed to measure and record these spectral radiance differences across the specified wavelength region. A CASI-1500 (SN: 2601) consisting of an integrated Instrument Control Unit (ICU) and Sensor Head Unit (SHU), along with a display monitor, was employed for the topographic survey portion of the survey and operated by ITRES personnel. The CASI-1500 is a state of the art VNIR hyperspectral Page 4 of 21

7 ITRES Report for ASL Environmental Inc, Robert's Bank 2012 Project 2012CO714 October 2012 sensor with /-1% effective imaging pixels, fast readout rates for higher spectral / spatial resolutions, and diffraction-limited optics allowing for even band widths across the spectral range of the unit. Figure 3 is an overview of the integrated CASI-1500 ICU/SHU installed with a TABI-1800 imager on board the Fotoflight aircraft platform. Figure 3: CASI-1500 and TABI-1800 Sensor heads installed in Fotoflight Navajo The CASI-1500 imager has 1500 across-track pixels allowing wide swaths of ground to be imaged with each flightline. The height above ground dictates the across-track resolution. The CASI-1500 is a push-broom imager that requires the aircraft to maintain a constant survey speed with relation to IT (integration time) in order to achieve the required along-track pixel resolution. The CASI-1500 is a programmable imager, having a spectral bandwidth that is sensitive to wavelengths between 370 to 1050 nm with a maximum of 288 discrete spectral channels. Table 2 and Table 3 summarize the main characteristics and specifications of the CASI-1500 sensor system. Table 2: CASI-1500 Airborne Hyperspectral Imaging System Overview Instrument Purpose Description CASI-1500 VNIR Hyperspectral Imaging 1500 across-track imaging pixels Spectral range of approximately 370 to 1050 nm Motorized shutter Page 5 of 21

8 Table 3: CASI-1500 System Performance Specifications Spatial resolution range using an un-pressurized fixed-wing aircraft platform 20 cm to 1.5 m Dynamic range 16384:1 (14 bits) Nominal spectral range 370 nm to 1050 nm Number of spectral channels 4 to 288 Approximate Spectral bandwidth 2.4 nm The CASI-1500 system was operated in conjunction with an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) that records aircraft motion and attitude, and a GPS system to measure absolute position. The IMU and GPS systems were provided by ITRES and internally installed in the TABI-1800 sensor-head. Geo-referencing the CASI-1500 imagery is possible through using the position and attitude information from the IMU and GPS systems. Final image products are produced where all the relative motion of the aircraft has been removed, and the ground location and spectral information of each pixel is known. A geometric calibration flight (or bundle adjustment flight) is required after each installation to determine the precise relative pointing vector and relative position of the CASI-1500 sensor with respect to the IMU and GPS. These precise geometric parameters are subsequently used along with the data from the IMU and GPS during the flight in order to correct the CASI imagery for the relative motion of the aircraft and to geo-reference the CASI imagery. 3 CASI-1500 Sensor Preparations 3.1 Sensor Radiometric and Spectral Calibration The CASI-1500 is a calibrated VNIR Hyperspectral imaging system. ITRES facilities in Calgary, AB, contain calibration facilities and equipment capable of producing valid calibration files for the CASI system utilizing National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) traceable reference standards during the calibration processes. The CASI-1500 sensor used for this project utilized the NIST-traceable standards at ITRES, and went through ITRES proprietary calibration procedures. Calibration data files were acquired, and the radiometric calibration files were verified and approved for the CASI-1500 sensor. The sensor was approved for field mobilization. 3.2 Flight Planning The project area consisted of a single survey block over Robert's Bank, British Columbia. The survey area and all desired flight plans were provided by ASL. ITRES configured these flight plans as best possible to work with the pilot navigation system (AGNAV). The final flight plans were re-sent to ASL for approval. The spatial resolution requested for the CASI-1500 imagery was 1.0 m. Figure 2 shows the project area and the planned flight lines. Page 6 of 21

9 Figure 4: Robert's Bank project area (Google Earth image) showing the 7 planned flight lines. An additional requirement for this project was the geometric calibration flight for CASI-1500 sensor. ITRES has an established and surveyed boresite in Black Diamond, AB. Prior to the project flight, this boresite was imaged by the CASI The boresite imagery was used in conjunction with surveyed ground control points (50 GCPs surveyed in 2008) to determine the bundle adjustment parameters necessary for the processing of the CASI-1500 imagery. The boresite area and planned flight lines are shown in Figure 5. Also, Table 4 summarizes the flight planning parameters for the project area and for the boresite. 3.3 Aircraft Preparations The aircraft and pilots were provided by Fotoflight Surveys Ltd. for this project. ITRES worked with Fotoflight in terms of insuring a proper installation of the sensor into the plane, and with regards to daily flight-plans. ASL further worked closely with Vancouver Air Traffic Control (ATC) to gain permission to the project area. These ATC contacts were passed on to both ITRES and Fotoflight during the project mobilization stage and helped facilitate access over the project area. Page 7 of 21

10 Figure 5: Planned flight lines for the Bundle Adjustment flight over the ITRES boresite in Black Diamond, AB. Table 4: Airborne Hyperspectral Survey Flight Plans and Parameters. Robert's Bank, BC - Survey Parameters Project/Area Description Robert's Bank, BC Approximate Flying height MSL 2050 m Line Spacing 750 m Ground Swath Width 1500 m Overlap 50% Approximate Pixel Resolution 1.0 m Number of lines 7 Spectral Configuration 96 Spectral Bands Approximate orientation of lines SE to NW (race-tracked) with one Tie Line (NE-SW) Line Length 6-9 km Flight speed 120 knots Page 8 of 21

11 Black Diamond, AB - Boresite Survey Parameters Project/Area Description ITRES Boresite in Black Diamond, AB. Approximate Flying height MSL 1710 m Line Spacing 100 m Ground Swath Width 525 m Overlap 80% Approximate Pixel Resolution 0.35 m Number of lines 10 Spectral Configuration 12 Spectral Bands Approximate orientation of lines 6 lines N- S and 4 lines E W Line Length 2.5 km Flight speed knots 4 AIRBORNE SURVEY 4.1 Aircraft Mobilization and Sensor Installation Project mobilization occurred on July 27, 2012 at the ITRES office, all equipment for the project was tested and packaged for transport to the Springbank airport. The installation of the ITRES systems (CASI-1500, TABI-1800, POSAV) began on July 28, 2012, in a known Piper Navajo platform provided by Fotoflight Surveys Ltd. The installation and all ground tests were completed in the evening of July 28, No CASI-1500 issues were experienced during installation and integration with the aircraft systems (GPS, POS). The aircraft and systems were ready and approved for project data acquisition that day. The sensor installation is summarized in Table 5. Table 5: Equipment Summary by Platform Fotoflight Platform (Piper Navajo C-FFFC) CASI-1500 Hyperspectral VNIR Imaging. 96 bands across a spectral range of nm TABI-1800 POS / AV 410 Thermal Broadband Imaging Precision aircraft and position measurements. Integrated GPS/IMU. Real-time differential GPS. Single broadband thermal data (spectral bandrange: 3700nm- 4500nm) Internal to the TABI-1800 FSAS Inertial Measurement Unit Integrated Trimble GPS receiver Page 9 of 21

12 5 Flight Data Acquisition 5.1 Flight Summary The two flights required for this project consisted of the bundle adjustment flight over Black Diamond, AB, and the flight over the Robert's Bank project area. The bundle adjustment flight was conducted on the evening of July the 28 th, All 10 bundle adjustment lines were fully acquired without difficulties. The weather was clear with a steady 20 knot wind from the West. The survey flight over Robert's Bank, BC, was conducted between 10am and 1:30pm (local time) on August 1 st, All project lines were acquired without major issues. The area was cloudy at first but conditions cleared by 11 to 11:30am. ITRES held a holding pattern and flew the initial line repeatedly until conditions improved, allowing the field crew to complete the acquisition without any clouds. The initial flight plans for Robert's Bank and for the boresite can be seen in Figure 4 and Figure 5, respectively. The actual flight paths of the aircraft over the project site and the bundle adjustment area can be extracted from the GPS data. 5.2 Field Data Quality Assessment The first step in the Field Quality Assessment (FQA) procedures was for in-situ data monitoring. During the flight, the operator of the CASI-1500 monitored the GPS data and the CASI-1500 data. No GPS or CASI-1500 imagery issues arose during the flight. The next step in FQA was to back up the raw CASI-1500 data, and to process and assess the CASI imagery. This step was initiated immediately following the flight. The processed CASI-1500 data was checked for valid GPS records, valid imagery, and for any anomalies. All CASI-150 data passed field quality assessment procedures. A sample image CASI-1500 flight line that has had preliminary field processing performed is shown in Figure 6. This image provides an example of the state of the imagery at the point of the field quality assessment where the image has been calibrated to radiance, but no geo-referencing has been applied to correct for the effect of the motion of the aircraft on the imagery. Further processing, including geo-referencing, was performed at ITRES facilities after the field campaign was complete. Page 10 of 21

13 Figure 6: Initial radiometrically corrected CASI-1500 sample image from the project area. 6 Flight Data Processing Standard processing of CASI-1500 data produces georeferenced, radiometrically corrected imagery. There are three major steps: the first step is processing the boresite imagery to determine the bundle adjustment parameters that are used to orthorectify the imagery. The second step applies the radiometric calibration coefficients to convert the raw digital numbers into Spectral Radiance Units (SRUs). The third step applies measurements from the airborne inertial system and GPS, along with the bundle adjustment parameters, to create a geo-referenced image data and geographic lookup tables in user-specified projection and datum. The project data were processed following these steps and the procedures will be described in more details in the following sections. 6.1 Bundle Adjustment Processing A geometric calibration is required for each aircraft installation of the CASI-1500 in order to determine the precise relative pointing vectors and relative positions of CASI-1500 sensor with respect to the IMU. These precise geometric parameters are subsequently used to combine the data from the IMU and GPS to the data from the imager to correct for distortions arising from aircraft motion and to generate georeferenced image mosaics of multiple flight lines. For this project, ITRES used a known boresite in Black Diamond, AB. This boresite was established by ITRES in 2008 and consists of fifty surveyed ground control points. The CASI-1500 imagery of the boresite was successfully processed utilizing the ground control information, additional tie-points, and ITRES software. This resulted in a set of geometric correction parameters which were subsequently applied to all of the data collected with this system installation. Figure 7 shows the 0.35m resolution CASI-1500 image mosaic of the ITRES boresite in Black Diamond, AB. Page 11 of 21

14 Figure 7: CASI-1500 false color image of the Black Diamond, AB, boresite. (R: 753nm, G: 553nm, B: 443nm) 6.2 Radiometric Corrections Radiometric quality of the imagery is important so that scene brightness remains stable under varying illumination and site conditions. The input parameters for the radiometric corrections include real-time system offset measurement such as dark data, scattered light, electronic offset, along with calibrated radiometric coefficients generated in the lab calibration of the system. Radiometric corrections are applied to the CASI imagery to convert the raw digital numbers to spectral radiance units (1 SRU = 1.0 µw cm -2 sr -1 nm -1 ). A traceable light standard is used to determine the appropriate multiplicative coefficients for the radiometric corrections. ITRES normally quotes an accuracy of ± 2% over the spectral range of 470 to 800 nm. Below 470 nm and above 800 nm, the quoted accuracy is ± 5%. The following two figures demonstrate the differences between raw and spectrally calibrated data. Figure 8 contains a subset of a file that has not been dark corrected or had the calibration coefficients applied to the imagery. Various artifacts can be seen in the imagery that are not apparent in the processed CASI imagery shown in Figure 9, where the dark correction and calibration coefficients have been applied. Figure 10 contains the spectral plots for the same pixel taken from within the scene shown in Figures Figure 8 and Figure 9. The left plot shows the raw DN values and the right plot shows the calibrated values (msru). Page 12 of 21

15 Figure 8: CASI-1500 data before radiometric correction Figure 9: CASI-1500 data after radiometric correction Page 13 of 21

16 Figure 10: Representative CASI-1500 spectral plots before and after radiometric correction. The raw data plot (left) is in DN, and the radiometric data plot (right) is in milli- Spectral Radiance Units (msru).. The excessive signal (related to scattered light and noise) noticeable in the first 30 bands of the raw data plot has been calibrated out as well as the absorption feature in the deeper near-infrared portion of the spectra has been recovered through the application of the calibration coefficients derived at ITRES prior to the mission Notes on Accuracy of the Radiometric Correction and Low Signal Levels All data was collected +/- 2 hrs of solar noon, ITRES field staff monitored the cloud situation and proceeded to collect project data once the cloud cover began to move away from the project area. Some portions of the CASI-1500 data may have low signal or cloud shadows. This is due to the acquisition window being constrained by the low tide flight window, as this was the primary consideration for this project 6.3 Image Geo-referencing Geometric correction required the following input data streams to produce geo-referenced imagery: 1) Radiometrically corrected image data (i.e. processed into radiance units) 2) Coincident airborne GPS data from the integrated GPS receiver 3) Coincident attitude data from the integrated IMU onboard the aircraft 4) Coincident ground-based GPS data from an externally operated base-stations 5) Terrain height from a digital elevation model (DEM) These data streams are blended to generate a geometrically corrected image mosaic using the following five steps: 1) Airborne GPS data is differentially corrected using the GPS base-station data 2) Blended solutions of DGPS positions with aircraft attitude data from the IMU are generated. Page 14 of 21

17 3) Navigation solution is optimized using positional and angular offsets determined in the bundle adjustment process and is applied to the image data. 4) The digital elevation model (DEM), or a digital surface model (DSM), is used by the geometric correction process to remove topographic effects and facilitate the final ortho-rectification of the imagery. 5) Geo-referenced imagery with square pixels is generated and populated using a nearest neighbor algorithm. The LiDAR data provided by ASL over the Robert's Bank project site was blended with geobase DEM data to generate a DEM/DSM in ITRES standard format. The height values in the DEMs were converted from orthometric height to ellipsoidal height by adding an average geoid undulation over the coverage area (note that the geoid undulation is negative over this area). By doing so, the sensor height expressed in the navigation solution and the terrain heights in the DEMs would be referenced with respect to the same height datum. The ITRES proprietary geometric correction software utilized the post-processed DGPS navigation solution (processed by ITRES), the synchronization timing information, the bundle adjustment offset parameters, and the DEM/DSM to produce geo-referenced image mosaics of the project area. The geometric correction software uses the nearest neighbor algorithm to populate the image pixels so that radiometric integrity of the pixels can be preserved in the final georeferenced image pixel. Also, for the image mosaic, a minimized nadir angle approach is implemented where pixels with the smallest off-nadir angle from overlapping adjacent flight lines are written to the final mosaic. An overview of ITRES proprietary software can be found below in Table 6. Table 6: ITRES software used in processing of raw data to geo-referenced radiance imagery. Program Application Radcorr Radiometric Corrections - Conversion of raw DN to Spectral radiance units (msru) Makegps Conversion of Applanix SBET GNSS data file to ITRES-compatible format Attsync Synchronization of GPS timing records in CASi data with SBET data Formnav Synchronization of SBET IMU measurement with CASI data frames Navcor Application of bundle adjustment derived angular offsets between CASI & IMU Gencfg Configuration file generator for user input georeferencing parameters Geocor Georeferencing on per-pixel basis of radiometric data to mapped imagery Gengrid Conversion of external DEM data to ITRES compatible format (.gbn) Page 15 of 21

18 6.3.1 Notes on Geo-correction The geo-referencing has two features that may be important for subsequent image analyses. These concerns relate firstly to gaps in the LiDAR DEM s and secondly to the nature of the populating of the standard north-up map grid. The DEM s used for geo-referencing were based on the LiDAR imagery provided by ASL to ITRES. This LiDAR dataset contained some areas with missing data which results in image artifacts caused sudden changes or lack of data in the DEMs. Typically, these null areas occurred at the start or end of flight lines outside the target area and over land/shallow water areas without LiDAR DEM coverage. Geobase DEM data with 30m resolution was used to fill in the null areas of the LiDAR based 1m data. This merged DEM solution was subsequently used for the geo-referencing of the CASI-1500 imagery, minimizing both image artifacts and misalignment. Areas over land without DEM coverage were also assigned this height in order to minimize image distortion on the edges of the DEM. The populating of the north-up standard map grid is undertaken using a nearest neighbor approach. Each standard map grid is populated by the geocoded pixel that is nearest to the center of the standard map grid pixel. The CASI data were collected with a nominal ground pixel size of 1.0 meter and the map grid was also 1.0m. However, the spacing of the raw data pixels on flight lines can vary due primarily to terrain effects, effective ground speed variations and rapid aircraft attitude changes due to turbulence. When the local terrain height is higher (lower), the size of the across-track raw pixel footprint on the ground becomes smaller (larger). The effective ground speed is a combination of the airspeed and variations in the wind. If the ground speed increases, then the along-track pixel footprint becomes larger. If there is significant attitude changes, (primarily rapid pitching motions), then there can be an increased variance in the spacing of the along-track raw pixel footprints. In all of these cases, the geo-referencing software populates the standard north-up grid with the nearest neighbor pixel. In some cases, the same raw pixel may be assigned to adjacent georeferenced grid points. If this effect is significant, then the affected imagery will appear fuzzy or smeared. In an extreme case, the geo-referencing software will not populate the standard grid if there is no raw pixel within its search area. In this case there will be non-populated zero pixels. This feature of the software is required to ensure that map grid areas beyond the flight line do not get populated by the edge pixels. 6.4 CASI-1500 Image Mosaics The CASI-1500 data over Robert's Bank was processed into individual hyperspectral flight-lines and a complete image mosaic. All image data is in UTM Zone 10 N projection and referenced to the WGS84 datum, with a square pixel resolution of 1.0 m. A subset of the full CASI-1500 mosaic is shown in Figure 11. The hyperspectral image mosaic was also draped over the LiDAR DEM using the ENVI 3D SurfaceView tool to produce a 3-dimensional view of the image data. Figure 12 is a sample of this 3D product. Page 16 of 21

19 Figure 11: CASI-1500 mosaic subset of the Robert s Bank project area (R: 653nm, G: 553nm, B: 453nm) Figure 12: CASI-1500 mosaic subset of the Robert s Bank project area draped over LiDAR DEM. (R: 653nm, G: 553nm, B: 453nm). Page 17 of 21

20 The CASI-1500 imagery meets ITRES quality assessment standards in terms of image quality and geometric accuracy. The imagery is clear with minimal image artifacts. When looking at the seams of adjacent flightlines, there may be some small flightline to flightline misalignments which can be attributed to DEM quality, FOV, and aircraft pitch angle. These flightline misalignments are negligible and meet the ITRES geometric tolerance of +/- 3 pixel error. 7 Deliverables and File Descriptions The deliverables for this project are include the CASI-1500 image individual lines and the project area mosaic. The deliverables are summarized in. The final data products were delivered to ASL via external data drive on August 31 st, Table 7: Project deliverables File Radiometrically and geometrically corrected CASI-1500 Hyperspectral data (flight-lines and mosaic) from Robert's Bank File Type Data Type PCI 16 bit unsigned *.pix File Extension The files were named according to the sensor type, client, and project area. They are as follows: Year, Client, Project Area, Line # / Mosaic, Instrument Type, geo-correction, File Extension (.pix) Sample Naming Convention: Radiance Data: 2012_ASL_RobertsBank_Line1_CASI1500_geo.pix Notes: Each file consists of complete fully corrected individual flightlines or the complete Mosaic as specified in contract deliverables. Also included for each line is the GLT. Due to turbulence during data acquisition, occasionally pixels cannot be perfectly mapped into the geo-corrected image. This can result in dark patches or missing pixels. These effects have been minimized as much as possible Data gaps in DEMs are filled in as much as possible, given the size or nature of the gaps. When it is not possible to estimate or fill in the gaps, the area is assigned a null value which is subsequently given the average DEM height in the final geo-processing Date of Acquisition: July 31 st, 2012 Data Archive: Data Format: Windows archive to external drive Radiance Data: PCI Format (.pix) Coordinate System: All data was geocorrected to UTM Grid, Zone 10 coordinates (WGS84 Datum). Page 18 of 21

21 Appendix A contains further information including a list of the deliverables as well as the CASI wavelength parameters. 8 Summary A day-time airborne VNIR hyperspectral survey of Robert's Bank, British Columbia, was conducted by ITRES Research Ltd. for ASL Environmental Sciences Inc. in late July ITRES used the CASI hyperspectral imager for the survey and subcontracted Fotoflight Surveys Ltd to provide both aircraft and pilot. Installation and ground test were completed July 28, The CASI-1500 bundle adjustment data over the ITRES' boresite in Black Diamond, AB was acquired on July 28, 2012, and the acquisition of the Robert's Bank, BC, project data was successfully completed on July 31, The CASI-1500 had preliminary processing and quality assessment (QA) performed by the ITRES operator in the field. The final complete processing and QA of the data was performed at ITRES facilities. ASL provided the LiDAR data over the project area (for terrain height information) that was necessary for CASI-1500 image processing. This provided terrain height information, along with the radiometrically processed CASI-1500 data, was utilized by ITRES geometric correction software to produce geo-referenced images of the Robert's Bank project site. The final CASI-1500 imagery passed ITRES quality assurance procedures. The final CASI-1500 image data products of the Robert's Bank project area was delivered via external drive to ASL on August 31 st,, Page 19 of 21

22 Appendix A: Final Data Deliverables File Name Format Band-Set File Size Associated Files 2012_ASL_RobertsBank_Line1_CASI1500.pix PCI 96 Spectral Bands 24.0 GB.nad /.glu 2012_ASL_RobertsBank_Line2_CASI1500.pix PCI 96 Spectral Bands 21.4 GB.nad /.glu 2012_ASL_RobertsBank_Line3_CASI1500.pix PCI 96 Spectral Bands 29.1 GB.nad /.glu 2012_ASL_RobertsBank_Line4_CASI1500.pix PCI 96 Spectral Bands 27.6 GB.nad /.glu 2012_ASL_RobertsBank_Line5_CASI1500.pix PCI 96 Spectral Bands 27.6 GB.nad /.glu 2012_ASL_RobertsBank_Line6_CASI1500.pix PCI 96 Spectral Bands 23.7 GB.nad /.glu 2012_ASL_RobertsBank_Line7-1_CASI1500.pix PCI 96 Spectral Bands 26.8 GB.nad /.glu 2012_ASL_RobertsBank_Line7-2_CASI1500.pix PCI 96 Spectral Bands 25.6 GB.nad /.glu 2012_ASL_RobertsBank_Line8_CASI1500.pix PCI 96 Spectral Bands 34.7 GB.nad /.glu 2012_ASL_RobertsBank_Mosaic_CASI1500.pix PCI 96 Spectral Bands 28.3 GB.nad /.glu Associated File Notes.glu File.nad File - Geographic look-up table - Nadir and DEM information in external file (PCI format) CASI-1500 Robert's Bank: 96 BandSet Spectral Channel Information 367.2nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 374.4nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 381.6nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 388.7nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 395.9nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 403.0nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 410.2nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 417.4nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 424.5nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 431.7nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 438.8nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 446.0nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 453.2nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 460.3nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 467.5nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 474.6nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 481.8nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 488.9nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 496.1nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 503.3nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 510.4nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 517.6nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 524.7nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 531.9nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 539.0nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 546.2nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 553.4nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 560.5nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 567.7nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 574.8nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 582.0nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 589.1nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 596.3nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 603.4nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), Page 20 of 21

23 610.6nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 617.8nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 624.9nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 632.1nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 639.2nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 646.4nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 653.5nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 660.7nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 667.8nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 675.0nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 682.1nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 689.3nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 696.4nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 703.6nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 710.7nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 717.9nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 725.0nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 732.2nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 739.3nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 746.5nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 753.7nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 760.8nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 768.0nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 775.1nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 782.3nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 789.4nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 796.6nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 803.7nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 810.9nm+/- 3.6nm (rows ) DNSRU: (16U), 818.0nm+/- 3.6nm (rows 97-99) DNSRU: (16U), 825.2nm+/- 3.6nm (rows 94-96) DNSRU: (16U), 832.3nm+/- 3.6nm (rows 91-93) DNSRU: (16U), 839.5nm+/- 3.6nm (rows 88-90) DNSRU: (16U), 846.6nm+/- 3.6nm (rows 85-87) DNSRU: (16U), 853.8nm+/- 3.6nm (rows 82-84) DNSRU: (16U), 860.9nm+/- 3.6nm (rows 79-81) DNSRU: (16U), 868.0nm+/- 3.6nm (rows 76-78) DNSRU: (16U), 875.2nm+/- 3.6nm (rows 73-75) DNSRU: (16U), 882.3nm+/- 3.6nm (rows 70-72) DNSRU: (16U), 889.5nm+/- 3.6nm (rows 67-69) DNSRU: (16U), 896.6nm+/- 3.6nm (rows 64-66) DNSRU: (16U), 903.8nm+/- 3.6nm (rows 61-63) DNSRU: (16U), 910.9nm+/- 3.6nm (rows 58-60) DNSRU: (16U), 918.1nm+/- 3.6nm (rows 55-57) DNSRU: (16U), 925.2nm+/- 3.6nm (rows 52-54) DNSRU: (16U), 932.4nm+/- 3.6nm (rows 49-51) DNSRU: (16U), 939.5nm+/- 3.6nm (rows 46-48) DNSRU: (16U), 946.7nm+/- 3.6nm (rows 43-45) DNSRU: (16U), 953.8nm+/- 3.6nm (rows 40-42) DNSRU: (16U), 961.0nm+/- 3.6nm (rows 37-39) DNSRU: (16U), 968.1nm+/- 3.6nm (rows 34-36) DNSRU: (16U), 975.3nm+/- 3.6nm (rows 31-33) DNSRU: (16U), 982.4nm+/- 3.6nm (rows 28-30) DNSRU: (16U), 989.5nm+/- 3.6nm (rows 25-27) DNSRU: (16U), 996.7nm+/- 3.6nm (rows 22-24) DNSRU: (16U), nm+/- 3.6nm (rows 19-21) DNSRU: (16U), nm+/- 3.6nm (rows 16-18) DNSRU: (16U), nm+/- 3.6nm (rows 13-15) DNSRU: (16U), nm+/- 3.6nm (rows 10-12) DNSRU: (16U), nm+/- 3.6nm (rows 7-9) DNSRU: (16U), nm+/- 3.6nm (rows 4-6) DNSRU: (16U), nm+/- 3.6nm (rows 1-3) DNSRU: (16U) Page 21 of 21

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