物聯網發展趨勢 黃能富教授國立清華大學特聘教授網路通訊國家型科技計畫 (NCP) 通訊軟體與平臺組召集人. IPv6 建置計畫應用分項召集人 March 28, 2012 網際網路趨勢研討會

Transcription

1 物聯網發展趨勢 黃能富教授國立清華大學特聘教授網路通訊國家型科技計畫 (NCP) 通訊軟體與平臺組召集人 IPv6 建置計畫應用分項召集人 March 28, 2012 網際網路趨勢研討會 1 1

2 物聯網 : 下一個萬億產業? Forrester 預測, 到 2020 年, 物物互聯 的業務, 跟 人與人通信 的業務相比, 將達到 30:1. 也有預測這個比例將來可達到 100 比 1 甚至 1000 比 1, 極具發展前景, 對經濟和社會將有巨大影響 2

3 物聯網 : 下一個萬億產業? 3

4 物聯網產業架構鏈 Applications (Cloud Computing) 2G/3G/4G Networks RFID, Sensors, Sensor Networks 4

5 物聯網產業架構鏈 Applications (Cloud Computing) 2G/3G/4G Networks Sensors or Sensor Networks 5

6 技術發展 6

7 M2M as An Enabler -- The Ecosystem 7

8 Smart City Initiatives 8

9 機會多大? 9

10 日本智慧社區的規劃 與新能源結合, 例如屋頂使用太陽能面板以及戶外使用燃料電池 ( 使用瓦斯為燃料 ) 作為發電的來源, 同時也是用蓄電池來儲存電力, 並可已將多餘的電力賣回給電力公司, 盡量讓家庭少用電力, 而多使用新能源 此概念稱為分散式電力產生架構, 在智慧家庭的示範屋方面則有各式的感應器, 包含溫度溼度, 光照, 以及一氧化碳等等, 可以即時的顯示家庭中的各房間以及居家空間的舒適狀態, 並且透過控制器可以調節作適合的溫濕度等等, 算是在智慧建築節能的應用. 為了管理方便, 還設計了顯示介面將相關數據可視化, 可以及時了解用電的現況, 以及使用各種能源的比例以及詳細數據等等 10

11 日本智慧社區聯盟 日本智慧社區聯盟 (Japan Smart Community Alliance, JSCA) 則於 2010/4 成立, 目前有 705 個公司會員, 包含電力公司, 瓦斯公司, 汽車公司, 資訊通訊廠商, 電機商社, 建築行業, 貿易公業以及學術界等等 目前啟動四項與國外合作的智慧城市建置計畫, 包含美國新墨西哥 美國夏威夷 法國里昂 以及西班牙 Malada 11

12 日本 Ota city 太陽能面板發電示範社區 ( 553 戶 ) 期間 Ota city 建置 553 個家庭使用太陽能面板發電的示範社區, 總發電量為 2,129 kw

13 智慧家庭能源使用管理系統 13

14 智慧家庭能源使用管理系統 14

15 智慧家庭能源使用管理系統 目前太陽能面板產生約 4.5kW 的電力, 使用 3.0kW 的電力, 將剩餘的 1.5kW 回售給電力公司 15

16 智慧家庭感應器資料收集中心 16

17 IPv6 for Smart Objects

18 IPv6 for Smart Object (IPSO) What is smart object? Small computers with a sensor or actuator and a communication device, embedded in objects such as thermometers, car engines, light switches, and industry machinery. Three components: Processor (8-, 16- or 32-bit micro-controller), Memory (a few tens of kilobytes) Low-power wireless communication device (from a few kilobits/s to a few hundreds of kilobits/s).

19 IPv6 for Smart Object 6LoWPAN Small packet size (127Byte) 16-bit short or IEEE 64-bit extended MAC addresses Low bandwidth. (250kbps) Low power, typically battery operated Relatively low cost

20 IPv6 for smart object 6LoWPAN The Working Group will generate the necessary documents to ensure interoperable implementations of 6LoWPAN networks and will define the necessary security and management protocols and constructs for building 6LoWPAN networks. 6lowpan will work closely with the Routing Over Low power and Lossy networks (roll) working group which is developing IPv6 routing solutions for low power and lossy networks (LLNs). 20

21 ROLL ROLL: defining the routing solution within the LLN (Low power and Lossy Network). 21

22 IPv6 for smart object Description of Working Group Low power and Lossy networks (LLNs) are made up of many embedded devices with limited power, memory, and processing resources. They are interconnected by a variety of links, such as IEEE , Bluetooth, Low Power WiFi, wired or other low power PLC (Powerline Communication) links. LLNs are transitioning to an end-to-end IP-based solution to avoid the problem of non-interoperable networks interconnected by protocol translation gateways and proxies. 22

23 IPv6 for smart object Protocol Translation Gateways Complex to manage, expensive! Lack of end to end routing consistency, Multi-topology routing, management, security, 23

24 IPv6 for smart object Problem No method exists to make IP run over IEEE networks Stacking IP and above layers as is may not fit within one frame IPv6 40 octets, TCP 20 octets, UDP 8 octets + other layers (security, routing, etc) leaving few bytes for data Not all adhoc routing protocols may be immediately suitable for LoWPAN DSR (Dynamic Source Routing) may not fit within a packet. AODV (Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector) needs more memory. Limited configuration and management necessary 24

25 IPv6 for smart object Challenge Impact Analysis Addressing Routing Security Network management Low power (1-2 years lifetime on batteries) Storage limitations, low overhead Periodic sleep aware routing, low overhead Simplicity (CPU usage), low overhead Periodic sleep aware management, low overhead Low cost (<$10/unit) Stateless address generation Small or no routing tables Ease of Use, simple bootstrapping Space constraints Low bandwidth (<300kbps) Compressed addresses Low routing overhead Low packet overhead Low network overhead High density (<2-4? units/sq ft) Large address space IPv6 Scalable and routable to *a node* Robust Easy to use and scalable IP network interaction Address routable from IP world Seamless IP routing Work end to end from IP network Compatible with SNMP, etc 25

26 Goal of IPSO Support stateless auto configuration of IPv6 addressing in smart object. Survey smart object spec. Survey IPv6 for smart object protocol Modify smart object memory or protocol source code IPv6 experiment on smart object 26

27 IPv6 感應器與無線感測網路之建置與應用 感應器大量使用有助於 IPv6 普及 但是目前感應器節點只有 ID, 沒有 IP 因為 IPv6 protocol stack 厚重 Sensor node 計算能力弱, 記憶體少, 低功耗等等特性 IPSO 為 IPv6 瘦身版 發展具 IPv6 通訊能力之感應器以及無線感測網路平台 第一年建置 IPv6 感應器以及無線感測網路平台 第二年建置 IPv6 物聯網示範系統 智慧建築 使用國科會 Octopus II/X 無線感測點平台

28 MSP Zigbee / IEEE 完整支援主流感測平台作業系統 TinyOS 低成本雙層板硬體設計 50 Ports 擴充界面 28

29 Octopus II Top View Bottom View 29

30 OCTOPUS II 規格 CC2420 RF Chip 符合 IEEE 低耗電無線通訊協定 MSP430 microcontroller 最省電的八位元微處理器 Expandable flash memory 最多可儲存 1 Mbytes 的資料 External oscillator 擁有精確的計時功能, 可達到最深層的睡眠模式 A connector with 50 expansion I/O pins 擴充性高 Reduce hardware cost 雙層板設計, 成本低廉 Sensors in board (option) Two light sensors 兩個光度感測器 One temperature-humidity sensor 溫濕度感測器 30

31 Sensor O.S. 31

32 Motivation Problem Push from customers to access these networks using IP Use of protocol translation gateways are unworkable Non-scalable and inefficient Hard to operate and manage Expensive to install and maintain Break end-to-end security and integrity 32

33 Purpose Migrate IP to smart object IP is independent of physical layer IP works on 8 and 16 bit micro-controllers Limited memory, processing, battery operated Stack requires only 4k of RAM, less than 32K of Flash Leverage existing IP protocols Sensors are everywhere IPv6 for Smart Object 33

34 Contiki O.S. Official website Open source, highly portable, multitasking operating system First OS for sensor networks to provide TCP/IP Protothreads, an extremely lightweight, stackless thread 34

35 Contiki O.S. features Multitasking kernel Preemptive scheduling Managed memory allocator Protothreads TCP/IP networking, including IPv6 35

36 Comparison TINY O.S. Event-driven O.S. with non-preemptive multitasking Static linking CONTIKI O.S. Event-driven O.S. with optional preemptive multitasking Dynamic linking Written using nesc programming language Written using C programming language 36

37 System Architecture Environment Setup Smart object:octopus II Gateway:Computer with sensor bridge End user:notebook Smartphone 37

38 Porting IPv6 to Smart Object Hardware platform Octopus II with transciever Operating System Contiki O.S. Tiny O.S. (Optional) Communication Stack IPv6 protocol (uip) 38

39 uip Introduction Two communication stacks in Contiki uip TCP/IP Rime low overhead Applications can use either or both Or none uip can run over Rime Rime can run over uip Application Application Application uip Application Rime Ethernet Low-power radio 39

40 Demo System 40

41 Conclusions Smart cities Today: Slowing development of mesh networks Few applications (surveillance) Potential for: WIFI/WIMAX integrated Mesh ISA100.11a IPv6 networking Applications Energy/Water savings Water leak detection Traffic Regulation Physical Security Air quality monitoring 41

42 參考資料 IPSO alliance 6LoWPAN The Contiki Operating System