Opportunities and Challenges in DSRCbased Collaborative Safety Applications 財團法人資訊工業策進會新興智慧技術研究所 (ESTI) 周志勳. ESTI 研發主軸 - 多元車載服務

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1 Opportunities and Challenges in DSRCbased Collaborative Safety Applications ( 協同式行車安全應用的機會與挑戰 ) 財團法人資訊工業策進會新興智慧技術研究所 (ESTI) 周志勳 chchou@iii.org.tw 1 ESTI 研發主軸 - 多元車載服務 即時動態導航交通路況預測先進收費系統多模導航系統需求處理車輛追蹤 警示與管理整合式商用車車隊管理 智慧交通基礎建設交通資訊集散中心車載服務共通平台 Living Zone 驗證平台社群應用平台 LBS 廣告平台 效率便捷 Ubiquitous 車載系統服務平台安全 行路情報 提醒 預約一卡通 NFC 整合 Pedestrian & Indoor support 交通安全監視車載社群應用 共乘服務廣告託播車輛健診物流履歷 駕駛人狀況警示救援及遠距協助動態路況 事件警示協同式車距控制協同式碰撞警示協同式碰撞避免殘障行路安全協助 2 2 1

2 New New Service Service + Integration + New Technology 車載技術研發方向及時程 Northern Taiwan Corridor ITS Demo Zone (MoTC) Small Zone Trial Urban Trial Public Transportation Management : Nomadic Telematics (N-Telematics) DSRC-based Safety Enhancement & Ubiquitous Environment & Network, Innovative App. Development : Telematics Network Security Lab & PoC Fleets Management Intelligent Service Platform System Integration Trial 3 Living Zone VPS-ETC nation-wide National Deployment Ubi-Matics Converged Telematics Services National Deployment 車載技術 整合及應用服務驗證平台 1. 台北地區 2. 新竹地區 3. 北部高速公路沿線 Lab Test New Technology Verification DSRC Network Performance and Advanced Safety Enhanced Application Benchmark and Test Short term: Lab Engineering Test, Mid-Term: Urban Style DSRC Test, Long Term: Integrated Performance Test. Filed Trial System Integration Trial A Trial Field Equipped with DSRC, WiMAX and Cellular Networks Various Back-Office Servers Supporting Cooperative Real-time Traffic Information, Media Distribution and Sharing, Security Monitoring, and Safety Enhanced Applications. a sizeable Test field for Technology Development and System Integration. Living Zone Innovative Service Trial A Small Area as the Living Telematics Lab to foster Driving the new Wave of Intelligent Transportation Vision in Taiwan through Real User Experiences and inter-discipline Integration 4 2

3 Safety applications Technologies Active Sensing technology Collaborative Overview Communication technology Opportunities & challenges Summary 5 Safety applications Technologies Active Sensing technology Collaborative Overview Communication technology Opportunities & challenges Summary 6 3

4 In USA Why Safety Applications? 6.3M crashes per year 43,000 deaths per year $230 billion in property damage Driver errors: 90%+ of crashes Distraction, road & weather condition, distance, The With best driver car assistant safety device safety applications is a rear-view mirror with a cop in it Your vehicle knows roadway conditions that you can t see Your vehicle can see vehicles you can t see Your vehicle knows the speed and location of approaching vehicles -Dudley Moore ( ) 7 Safety Applications Collision warning/avoidance Lane change warning Approaching emergency vehicle warning Emergency vehicle signal preemptive Brake warning Road condition warning Breakdown/Crash ahead warning Congestion warning Low bridge warning 8 4

5 NO COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEM IN OPERATION Traffic Signal- Red Traffic Signal - Green ANIMATION Traffic Signal Traffic Signal 9 Back EMERGENCY VEHICLE APPROACH WARNING EMERG. EMERG. EMERG. EMERG. VEHICLE REAR VEHICLE LEFT In-Vehicle Displays and Annunciations VEHICLE FRONT VEHICLE RIGHT Emergency Vehicle Approach Warning Communication Zone Emergency Vehicle Note 1: The Emergency OBU transmits a warning to ALERT other vehicles that it is coming. ANIMATION FOLLOWS up to 1000 m (3281 ft) 10 Traffic Signal Traffic Signal OBUs on Control Ch Next 5

6 EMERGENCY VEHICLE APPROACH WARNING EMERG. EMERG. EMERG. EMERG. ANIMATION VEHICLE REAR VEHICLE LEFT In-Vehicle Displays and Annunciations VEHICLE FRONT VEHICLE RIGHT Emergency Vehicle Approach Warning Communication Zone Emergency Vehicle Note 1: The Emergency OBU transmits a warning to ALERT other vehicles that it is coming. up to 1000 m (3281 ft) 11 Traffic Signal Traffic Signal OBUs on Control Ch Back ROAD CONDITION WARNING In-Vehicle Display and Annunciation OBU Listening to Control Channel STOPPED VEHICLE AHEAD Grass Divider Receiving OBU Control Channel Stopped Vehicle Warning Com. Zone Not to Scale Stopped Vehicle Transmitting OBU Control Channel Back 12 6

7 Safety applications Technologies Active Sensing technology Collaborative Overview Communication technology Opportunities & challenges Summary 13 Sensing technology Camera Infrared Radar Active Solutions Source: freescale 14 7

8 Sensing technology Laser Active Solutions Source: ibeo 15 Safety applications Technologies Active Sensing technology Collaborative Overview Communication technology Opportunities & challenges Summary 16 8

9 Collaborative Solutions Positioning technology GPS Communication technology Public broadcast systems GPRS, 3G, LTE, Wimax, WLAN DSRC (real-time!) Wireless communication GPRS WCDMA WiMAX WLAN DSRC Signal exchanging facilities Service terminals DSRC H ot S pot Source: Telcordia 17 DSRC Concepts Dedicated Short Range Communications Short range communication service Support both public safety and private operations Support vehicle to roadside and vehicle to vehicle scenarios in highly mobility environments Minimize latency in the communication link 18 9

10 WAVE/DSRC 與其他無線技術比較 WAVE/DSRC Wi-Fi Cellular WiMax Delay < 50ms Seconds Seconds Seconds Mobility > 60 km/h < 5 km/h > 60 km/h > 60 km/h Range < 1000 m < 100 m < 10 km < 15 km Data rate 327 Mbps 654 Mbps 3 Mbps 170 Mbps Bandwidth 10/20 MHz 20 MHz < 3 MHz < 10 MHz Spectrum GHz 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz 800 MHz, 1.9 GHz 2.5 GHz Standard p/ a/g WCDMA d/e 19 WAVE/DSRC 的架構 Source:Renesas,2008/

11 Demo Scenario ICWS (Intersection Collision Warning System) According to the statistics in the United States, 2 million auto accidents happen at the intersections and cause 6700 fatalities each year ICWS is a V2V application that alerts the drivers when a potential collision may occur at an intersection 21 Demo Scenario EVAWS (Emergency Vehicle Approaching Warning System) The emergency vehicle announces the V- DTLS encrypted emergency alert with its position info (to follow SAE J2735 this year). The RSU retrieves the emergency vehicle s information from the encrypted msg and then forwards to nearby RSUs. The normal vehicle thus can be notified by its neighboring RSUs

12 CVPC Demo : OBU/RSU Ann Arbor, Michigan PND with MAP Integration LTS WAVE Box RSU WAVE Box OBU WAVE/DSRC-based Applications Devices & Techniques V2V: ICWS (Intersection Collision Warning System) Transmission Platform: OBU & RSU V2R: EVAWS (Emergency Vehicle Approaching System) Application Platform: PND, LTS (Local Traffic Server), MAP integration 23 Video 24 12

13 Safety applications Technologies Active Sensing technology Collaborative Overview Communication technology Opportunities & challenges Summary 25 Opportunities & Challenges GPS accuracy Obstacle affection Channel congestion Multi-hop forwarding DSRC device popularity 26 13

14 From 1995 by US DOD US GPS System Chip / Chipset SiRFstarIII Copernicus S4E19863 QinetiQ Q20 H PMB 2520 UBX- G5010 Manufacturer SiRF Trimble Seiko Epson QinetiQ Infineon u-blox Horizontal Accuracy Autonomous Assisted <2.5m <2.0m <3.0m na <10m na <5m na 5m na 2.5m 2.0m Velocity Accuracy <0.01 m/s 0.06 m/s na <0.05 na na TTFF Hot Start Warm Start Cold Start <1s <35s <35s 9s 36s 39s 2-3s na na <1s <38s <45s <1s <38s <45s na Source: GPS Technology Reviews 27 EU GPS System (Galileo) The project is initiated by EU & European Space Agency in 年發射第一顆衛星, 預計於 2010 年完成 30 顆衛星系統建制? 28 14

15 Simulation Results: GPS Accuracy Affection to ICWS 29 Obstacle Affection Received signal strength Probability of reception Source: SICS 30 15

16 Obstacle Affection From our experience, ICWS worked very well in obstacle free environments 5.9 GHz DSRC signals were very affected by the barriers such as buildings, walls, trees, and so on A relay station was recommended to be placed at the intersection CVPC, Michigan 31 Channel Congestion Grass Divider 32 16

17 Channel Congestion 33 Source: Eichler s VTC 2007 Fall paper Channel Congestion 34 17

18 Possible solutions Mac layer Channel Congestion Effective media access mechanism App. layer or cross layer design Adaptive power adjustment Adaptive beacon interval Others? 35 Multi-hop Forwarding 36 Source: Hitachi 18

19 Multi-hop Forwarding VANET (vs. MANET) Predefined routes Mobility pattern Energy is no longer an issue Both scalability & security/privacy are important!! Position-based forwarding Store-and-forward Malicious attack Anonymity issues 37 DSRC Device Popularity Source: FORD 38 19

20 DSRC Device Popularity Savari networks MobiWAVE ($2,000/unit) Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Ethernet p, , TechnoCom MCNU ($8,000/unit) Ethernet p, , , Renesas WAVE system platform Ethernet p, , III/ITRI s solution to be delivered by this year 39 Safety applications Technologies Active Sensing technology Collaborative Overview Communication technology Opportunities & challenges Summary 40 20

21 Summary Hybrid technologies are recommended to achieve fully vehicular safety DSRC is appropriate for time critical applications (has been proved by VII, USDOT) Opportunities and challenges GPS accuracy is the most important 41 Thank You / Merci / Danke / 謝謝 / ありがとう Your Comments Are Much Appreciated 42 21

22 Appendix 43 1 st Generation (V2Zero) Telematics 系統演進 Telematics Current 2 nd Generation (V2S) 以 GPS 為基礎 更結合行動通訊等網路以提供動態導 3 rd Generation (V2X) 以特定短距通訊 (DSRC) 以隨意網 (Ad 以 GPS (Global Positioning Hoc Network) 的方式 提升行車安全安全是各國國家航 景點指引 緊 System) 為基提供 V2I, V2V 通訊以急救援 遠方開鎖礎的封閉式資機強化行車安全提供動等雙向服務 訊娛樂或如態警示 碰撞警示 如 GM OnStar, PND 台灣等導航系 Telematics 系統與服務約停留在第一代 Toyota 救援優先 動態保證 G-Book, 裕統車距等服務 隆 TOBE 未來將進入 X2X 支援殘障輔助車對外無車對外通訊車對路通訊 (Handicap 車對路 / 車對車通訊雙向通訊 RDS/DAV/DVB WiFi/DSRCAssistance) WAVE/DSRC 等先進應 GPS WiMAX/GPRS/3G 用無對外通訊即時性要求 : 低中高 44 DSRC Ad Hoc Network 是各國國家 Telematics 政策推動最主要動 系統與服務約停留在第一代 第二代第二代 碰撞警示 動態保證車距 Source: 工研院資通所 / 資策會網多所整理,2008 年 08 月 22

23 乘客多媒體系統 地圖導航 氣象 停車 景點資訊 遠端警示與維修 動態導航 景點 車站 停車導引 多模導航與預約 車載 LBS 應用 車載社群服務 乘客娛樂 數據服務數據服務數據服務數據服務 新興業者 -- 用路人使用系統的智慧化 發展訴求 : 安全 / 效率 / 便捷 車隊管理 政府 -- 路的智慧化 便捷 ( 含舒適 / 溝通 ) 車流控管 效率 ( 含管理 / 控制 / 節能 ) 定位資訊 用路付費用路付費用路付費用路付費 安全 ( 含保全 ) 緊急報知 行車預警行車預警行車預警行車預警 車內防護 道路收費 ETC 特定車輛 駕駛管理 車隊管理 ( 含計程車 ) 路況蒐集傳播 即時路況蒐集傳播 偶發需求管理 交通使用付費 路況預測 交通優化 協同式節能 主動式防護系統 車用雷達 攝影 防盜保全 預警及緊急事件通報 即時路況警示 協同式安全預警 協同式安全防護 相關車廠 車的智慧化 Source: 資策會, 2008/5 45 車載之運輸效率與安全議題 效率 Smart Transport: 運用車載管理及應用技術使車行順暢 Smart Driving: 運用 Green Vehicle 及 Telematics 技術提升車輛效能以及駕駛效率 安全 歐盟於 2005 年發生一百三十萬件道路交通事故, 美國每年約有六百萬件行車事故, 四萬一千人死亡 兩百萬人受傷 財產損失約為 1500 億美金 駕駛疏失 (Driving task error) 約為 76% 事故發生主因 Smart Driving Smart Transport Source: Nissan Motor Manufacturing (UK),