Efficient Mobility Management in Different Wireless Network for Continuous Flow of Information

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1 Effcent Moblty Management n Dfferent Wreless Network for Contnuous Flow of Informaton Mr. P.Thrunavukkarasu, Ms. P.Irene Berl Yazhn PG Scholar, Dept. of CSE, SRM Unversty, Chenna, Inda Assstant Professor, Dept. of CSE, SRM Unversty, Chenna, Inda Abstract Next generaton wreless communcaton systems are expected to relay on ntegrated networks consstng of multple wreless technologes. Heterogeneous wreless networks, for nstance WMAX and W-F can combne ther respectve advantages, offerng a hgh Qualty of Servce (QoS) and Always Best Connected wth moble users. Moblty management was deployed n Applcaton layer usng SIP protocol to provde qualty of Real tme servces to the end user. The vertcal handoff decson s crucal n heterogeneous networks. In ths paper, we propose Enhanced vertcal handoff decson based on BANS n WMAX and W-F heterogeneous wreless networks. The algorthm consder the factors of Receved Sgnal Strength (RSS), Bandwdth (BW), moble node velocty (V) and User Preference (P), to evaluate Network Selecton Functon of the avalable networks and select best one whch support on gong real tme applcaton (.e., vdeo streamng).to decrease Call Blockng Probablty we propose Adaptve Bandwdth Allocaton Algorthm(ABAA). We propose TBHO method to make an early handover to avod Png-Pong effect whch causes the unwanted packet loss. Keywords Heterogeneous wreless networks, Network Selecton Functon, Adaptve Bandwdth Allocaton Algorthm, Receved Sgnal Strength, and Tme before Handoff. I. INTRODUCTION Communcaton technology has become outdated for future requrement as the growth of the communcaton ndustry s tremendous and unmagnable. Dfferent modes as moble, wred, wreless, adhoc, supports growth of the communcaton ndustry but wth certan lmts. Moblty plays a vtal role n wreless communcaton, where t s necessary to satsfy the requrements of the modern world. It s now a challenge to provde the seamless flow of nformaton wthout re-modfyng the exstng nfrastructure. The most challengng aspect s to provde moblty management for real tme communcaton servces. Moble IP s strugglng wth the trangular routng,.e., a packet to a moble host travels va the home agent from the correspondent node whch ncurs overhead of tunnellng [1]. To solve trangular routng through route optmzaton by sendng bndng updates to the sendng host about the actual locaton of the moble host. For real-tme traffc such as voce or vdeo over IP, t s more common to use the Real-Tme Transport Protocol (RTP) over UDP, and mportant ssues are fast handoff, low latency, and for wreless networks, hgh bandwdth utlzaton. Hence, ths necesstates ntroducng moblty awareness at hgher layer. The applcaton layer protocol Sesson Intaton Protocol (SIP) [2] already supports personal moblty, and the changes needed to support devce moblty are mnor. In heterogeneous wreless networks, tradtonally the network s ntated wth any request and mmedately the type of request s dentfed as voce, data, mage, data and mage, moton pctures, lve nformaton, onlne vdeos, store and forward. In case of emergency stuaton such as natural calamtes and dsaster requres mmedate recovery and medcal help. The medcal experts can establsh vrtual communcaton such that the experts from remote areas can vew the condton of the patent and provde drectons for ntal treatment untl they reach the affected area. Ths can Copyrght to IJAREEIE 248

2 be acheved only f seamless moblty s possble n realty. Seamless and effcent Vertcal Handoff between dfferent access technologes s an essental and challengng problem n the development toward the next-generaton wreless networks [3]. The handoff process can be further carred out usng the followng steps: neghbour dscovery, handoff decson and handoff executon. Durng the neghbour dscovery phase, moble termnals equpped wth multple nterfaces have to determne whch networks can be used and the servces avalable n each network. Durng the handoff decson phase, the moble devce determnes whch network t should connect to. Durng the handoff executon phase, connectons need to be rerouted from the exstng network to the new network n a seamless manner. One of the man purposes of so-called fourth generaton (4G) [4] networks s to allow moble users to be always best connected (ABC) through a number of underlyng wreless technologes and networks. It s expected that wreless devces wll ncreasngly have multple heterogeneous nterfaces. In ths scenaro the selecton of the most approprate network should be based on varous crtera such as economc cost, coverage, and transmsson rate, qualty of servce (QoS), securty, and user preferences [5]. Effcent schemes are needed to provde seamless vertcal handovers n ntegrated heterogeneous networks. New heterogeneous networks, ncludng IEEE wreless LANs, and IEEE wreless metropoltan area networks [6], also known as worldwde nteroperablty for mcrowave access (WMAX), seem to be promsng approaches as both technologes support very hgh data rates as well as QoS. Hence, ths ntegrated network wll brng a synergetc mprovement to the servces provded to moble users. The ntegraton and nter operaton of these heterogeneous networks pose several challenges. One of the mportant ssues s the desgn of ntellgent network selecton algorthms s to provde better performance to the multnterface termnals. Ths paper proposes a network selecton algorthm based on multple attrbute decson makng. A handoff algorthm must be capable of makng a decson based on ncomplete nformaton and n a regon of uncertanty. A. Organzaton of the paper Secton II presents the proposed method. Secton III presents the results and related dscusson. Secton IV dscusses drectons for future work and concludes ths study. II. SYSTEM MODEL The proposed system for best access network selecton s shown n fg.1. The Moble Node s a mult-nterface and multtask devce (eg: small-sze mult-band antenna). The Home Agent (HA) s a specalzed router responsble for forwardng packets to Moble Node. The Moble Node s assgned a home address (HoA) n the same subnet as the Home Agent [8]. The Foregn Agent s responsble for assgnng a care of address (CoA) for the Moble Node and forwardng packets for the Moble Node. On ts home lnk, the moble node uses ts HoA just lke a statonary node. Fg.1. System Model Moblty Management ncorporates Sesson Intaton Protocol and locaton management s handled through SIP Regstrar servers. The SIP sesson s been establshed from the moble node through the home agent whch acts as the SIP server to the CN. Once the sesson s establshed then RTP packet streamng takes place. When the MN Receved Sgnal strength reduces below the threshold, the access network selecton s trggered, taken care by the controller. The access network selecton algorthm determnes the next network for the moble node to avod re-connecton latency wth CN. The moblty of the MN remans transparent to the correspondent node [9]. Copyrght to IJAREEIE 249

3 A. Sgnalng through SIP Moble Node : 1 SIP nvte open port for RTP receve status 183 Sesson progress Status:200 ok ACK Home Agent(SIP Server) : 1 SIP nvte Status 183 Sesson progress; open RTP receve Status:200 OK ACK Fg.2. SIP Call setup Correspondent Node : 2 can be sent drectly to the CN when BU s sent to the CN. Thus trangular routng problem s overcome through route optmzaton. C. Best Access Network Selecton Once the receved sgnal strength of the MN reduces below the threshold, the MN notfes CN wth Handover notfcaton Message and Best access Network Selecton Algorthm s ntated, whch selects the next optmal and promsng to mantan the QoS for the applcaton. The network selecton algorthm s based on Fuzzy multple attrbute decson makng [13]. The algorthm consders the factors of Receved Sgnal Strength (RSS), avalable band wdth (BW), moble termnal velocty (V) of the canddate networks for choosng the target network. SIP supports personal moblty,.e., a user can be found ndependent of locaton and network devce (PC, laptop, IP phone, etc.). The step from personal moblty to IP moblty support s bascally the roamng frequency, and that a user can change locaton (IP address) durng traffc flow. In order to support IP moblty, we enable the ablty to move whle sesson s actve. It s assumed that the MN belongs to a home network, whch acts as SIP server and receves regstratons from the MN each tme t changes locaton. Ths s smlar to home agent regstraton n Moble IP. Note that the moble host does not need to have a statcally allocated IP address on the home network. When the correspondent host sends an INVITE to the moble host, the home agent has current nformaton about the moble host s locaton and redrects the INVITE there (Fg.2). SIP specfes support for both authentcaton and encrypton of SIP messages, usng ether challengeresponse. B. Streamng usng Real tme Transport Protocol (RTP) Once the sesson s ntated between the MN and the CN, packets are streamed to the MN from the CN. The MN regularly sends BU messages to the HA ndcatng ts CoA [10]. When a new CoA s ndcated n the BU message, the HA updates the bndng cache and returns Back messages to the MN. Packets n the drecton from the MN to the CN. Fndng Normalzaton Functons: Dfferent knds of parameters can be consdered for fndng the best access network. Each parameter has some characterstc whch contrbutes for normalzng functon and hence determne the best access network [11]. The parameters that are consdered for makng handover decson are defned n table 1. The parameters are classfed as hgh parameters and low parameters to facltate normalzaton. Table 1 Normalzaton Parameter Descrpton Parameter Descrpton Name RSS The strength of the sgnal receved from the Canddate network. BW The amount of avalable band wdth of the Canddate network V The Velocty that s supported by the Canddate Network The Normalzaton Functon s gven as follows: x xmn N( X ) (1) x x max mn Copyrght to IJAREEIE 250

4 Normalzaton functons for RSS: N RSS 0,0 RSS RSS TH RSS x RSS TH, RSS RSS RSS x max TH RSS TH RSS x - receved sgnal strength from the canddate base staton. RSS TH threshold sgnal strength. RSS max s the maxmum receved sgnal strength receved from the base staton. RSS sgnal strength receved from the base staton. Normalzaton functon for Bandwdth N 0, BWx BWmax BWx,0 BWx BWmax BW max (2) BW (3) BW X requred bandwdth of moble node and BW max - Maxmum bandwdth that can be provded by the base staton. Normalzaton functon for Velocty [15] Where s the standard devaton of the normalzaton functon values of all the canddate base statons for the gven parameter.. Evaluaton of Network Selecton Functon: The network selecton functon (NSF) for the canddate network s calculated by 3 f N W (6) 1 After evaluatng the NSF values for all the canddate networks decson s made as follows. The k th network s selected wth the Network havng hghest NSF value, NSF K maxnsf1, NSF2,... NSFn (7) D. Call Admsson Control Call Admsson Control [12] s always performed when a moble ntates communcaton n a new cell, ether through a new call or a handoff. The flowchart for Call Admsson s shown n Fg. 3. 0, Vx Vmax (4) Nv Vx 1,0 Vx Vmax Vmax Where V X velocty wth whch the moble node s movng and V max maxmum velocty supported by the base staton.. Computaton of the Weght Vector: The weght of an attrbute s denoted by. W ndcates the mportance of the attrbute. The weght s represented as W RSS, W BW, W V. W s gven by W 3 0 (5) Fg.3. Adaptve Bandwdth Allocaton Algorthm Durng call setup, MN runnng a user multmeda servce defnes ts requrements n a traffc profle. Ths profle conssts of the connecton type (new or handoff) and the BW requrements. Copyrght to IJAREEIE 251

5 Adaptve Bandwdth Allocaton Algorthm The adaptve bandwdth allocaton (ABA) algorthm s utlzed to adapt calls whenever there s an nsuffcent bandwdth for call admsson [13]. The algorthm wll be trggered whenever there s a call arrval acceptance event or a servce departure event. A class- handoff connecton s accepted f the followng s satsfed. b t 0, request k b 1 n t 0 and b, request Denotes the maxmum number of total bandwdth unts that can be allocated to new / handoff connecton. ba Denotes the bandwdth n the cell. b A F. Handover Predcton and Executon Two BS are consdered n our proposed approach, one s old BS (OBS) where the call generates and other s new BS (NBS), next destnaton of the MN. When the MN tends to move out the coverage area of OBS t needs handoff wth NBS to contnue the call. b nc Denote the total capacty allocated for class- new connectons bn Denote the total capacty allocated for class- handoff connectons. E. Bndng Messages The MN ntates access request to the selected network (Fg.4.), whch then provdes ACK for the requested access. Once ACK s receved the MN sends BU to the access router of the selected network [14]. Once t receves the bndng acknowledgement message from the access router, the MN performs BU to the HA and then wth the CN. Hence packet transfer takes place drectly between the MN and the CN. Fg.5. Handoff management EaT (Ext Threshold) = the threshold value of the RSS to ntate the handoff process. When the RSS of OBS drops below, the MN starts the regstraton procedures for handoff to new BS (NBS). HT (Handoff threshold) = the mnmum value of RSS requred for successful communcaton between the MN and OBS. a = cell sze. d= threshold dstance from cell (OBS) boundary From the Fg.5., the tme before vertcal handover s determned as follows. The tme durng whch, the connecton would be termnated and would cause packet loss. To avod ths, tme before handover s calculated. TBHO a 2 2 v m d 2 (9) When the handoff delay s less than TBHO, the buffer s trggered the gateway between the dfferent network. Fg.4. Message Bndng Copyrght to IJAREEIE 252

6 III.RESULT AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS The results to provde the seamless flow of nformaton n a practcal context that addresses the ntegratng of WMAX and W-F access networks are consdered. In order to mplement the dfferent functons lsted earler, some ntal technologcal choces need to be made. Intra technology handoffs are taken care of by technology-specfc mechansms. Then Moble IP has been chosen as the L3 protocol for handoff executon n the proof of concept and s used on top of ether IPv4 or IPv6 n order to provde sesson contnuty durng nter technology handoff. A clear separaton of handoff decson and executon processes allows any evoluton of IP protocols to mnmze new care-of address confguraton and reroutng latences, for nstance, to replace baselne Moble IP wthout modfyng the proposed archtecture. Our smulaton scenaro frst assumes that the coverage area of W-F s overlapped by WMAX and s mplemented n OmNet++. The mult-mode moble, starts movng towards WMAX and then towards W-F and stops there. We assume that the nput parameters requred for best access network selecton algorthm are acqured from the network and moble termnal. Table 2 Moble Node moves from WMAX to W-F RSS BW V NSF WMAX W-F Weght When the moble node moves from WMAX to W-F, the network selecton module n the moble termnal acqures the nput parameters and normalzed values of these parameters are determned. Then network selecton functon value s computed for the avalable networks. Due to complexty reasons, we have drectly consdered the normalzed values of the parameters. The NSF computaton for all the networks s as shown n Table 2. Table 3 Moble node moves from W-F to WMAX RSS BW V NSF W-F WMAX Weght When the moble node moves from W-F to WMAX, the network selecton module n the moble termnal acqures the nput parameters and normalzed values of these parameters are determned. Then network selecton functon value s computed for the avalable networks. Due to complexty reasons, we have drectly consdered the normalzed values of the parameters. The NSF computaton for all the networks s as shown n Table 3. The graph plotted between Movement of the moble node and NSF value of each network s shown n fg. 6. Fg.6. Movement of the moble node Vs. NSF values III. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK In ths paper we presented a Best network selecton algorthm based on Fuzzy Multple Crtera Decson makng that calculates the quanttatve value of each normalzed parameter and fnds the weght of each quanttatve value. Ths weght vector together wth normalzed parameter values are used to evaluate Network Selecton Functon of the avalable networks. The network wth hghest NSF s selected as the target network. Snce the algorthm s takng moblty parameters lke speed of the moble nto account, t supports seamless moblty and reduces unnecessary handoffs. Further the performance of the algorthm can be mproved by takng consderng a threshold on the NSF value n order to prevent frequent handoffs. REFERENCES [1] C. Perkns and D. Johnson, Route optmzaton n moble IP Internet Draft, Internet Engneerng Task Force, Feb [2] Eln Wedlund, Hennng Schulzrnne, Moblty Support usng SIP IEEE Communcatons Magazne, vol. 33, June Copyrght to IJAREEIE 253

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