Tut-7 Introduction to Smart Grid and Distributed Energy Resources Standards by IEEE SCC21 (Half Day morning)

Transcription

1 Tut-7 Introduction to Smart Grid and Distributed Energy Resources Standards by IEEE SCC21 (Half Day morning) October 26, 2015 T. Basso (TB), Chair: IEEE SCC21, IEEE P1547 and IEEE P M. Siira (MS), IEEE Working Group Chair and IEEE P1547 Committee Vice Chair C. Vartanian (CV), IEEE Working Group Secretary and IEEE P1547 Committee Secretary and Treasurer

2 WORKSHOP OUTLINE MODULE 1) INTRODUCTION IEEE STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT MODULE 2) LISTING OF IEEE 1547 DISTRIBUTED ENERGY RESOURCES (DER) INTERCONNECTION SERIES MODULE 3) LISTING OF IEEE SCC SMART GRID SERIES MODULE 4) USING THE PUBLISHED IEEE 2030 STANDARDS (2030 AND ) MODULE 5) USING THE PUBLISHED IEEE 1547 & 1547.X STANDARDS MODULE 6) STATUS OF ONGOING FULL REVISION OF IEEE 1547 AND : DER INTERCONNECTION INTEROPERABILITY, AND INTERFACES MODULE 7) CLOSING REMARKS; GETTING INVOLVED; AND DISCUSSION 2 10/22/2015

3 MODULE 1) INTRODUCTION IEEE STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT, 20 MIN, TB IEEE Standards Coordinating Committee 21: SCC21 Fuel Cells, Photovoltaics, Dispersed Generation, and Energy Storage SCC21 scope, purpose, and officers Overview of standards development by SCC21 DER and Smart Grid interconnection and interoperability 3

4 IEEE-SA Standards Board Encourages and coordinates the development and revision of all IEEE standards Approves the initiation of IEEE standards projects Reviews IEEE standards projects for consensus, due process, openness, and balance Gives final approval to IEEE standards prior to publication and processes all necessary appeals. Standards Coordinating Committees (SCC) IEEE-SA Standards Board will establish its own standards developing committees (SCC s) when necessary, e.g., when the scope of an activity is too broad to be encompassed in a single IEEE Society, an SCC may be formed. An SCC reports directly to the Standards Board; there are over 15 SCC committee s. 4 SCC21 has been operating since 1981

5 IEEE Standards Association Standards Board Standards Coordinating Committee 21 (SCC 21) Fuel cells, Photovoltaics, Dispersed Generation, and Energy Storage (operating since 1981) IEEE SCC21 Scope and Purpose The IEEE Standards Coordinating Committee 21 oversees the development of standards in the areas of fuel cells, photovoltaics, dispersed generation, and energy storage, and coordinates efforts in these fields among the various IEEE societies and other affected organizations to insure that all standards are consistent and properly reflect the views of all applicable disciplines. 5 Reviews all proposed IEEE standards in these fields before their submission to the IEEE-SA Standards Board for approval and coordinates submission to other organizations. 5

6 IEEE SCC21 Officers/Committee ( T. S. Basso SCC21 Chair and Secretary; NREL R. DeBlasio SCC21 Emeritus and Founding Chair; Member IEEE Standards Association; IEEE SA Liaison to U.S. DOE M. Kipness IEEE Staff SCC21 Standards Liaison IEEE SA SCC21 Committee T. Basso (SCC21 Chair; P1547 and P Chair; 1547 & 2030 secretary, Chair, 1547a Chair; a Co-Chair; Vice Chair; NREL) R. DeBlasio (Chair 1547, 2030) D. Bassett (Vice Chair ; Co-Chair P1547.8; retired PPL Electric Utilities) J. Bzura (Vice Chair P1547.6; retired U.S. National Grid) J. Daley (Chair ; 1547a Co-Chair (Consultant, retired ASCO Power Technologies) D. Dawson (PES; consultant; retired Southern California Edison Corp.) F. Goodman (Chair ; 1547 co-chair; San Diego Gas & Electric Corp.) K. Hecht (Fuel Cells) Y. Hou, Chair P (China Electric Power Research Institute/State Grid China Corporation) G. Johnson (PES Power Systems Relay Committee; retired Basler Electric Co.) J. Koepfinger (Chair ; 1547 Co-chair; SA Member Emeritus (retired Duquesne Power & Light) B. Kroposki (Chair ; NREL) Xiaolin Li Chair, P (China Southern Power Grid, Co. Ltd.) Wenpeng Luan (China Electric Power Research Institute) P. McNutt (Chair PV Storage/Batteries) T. Prevost (Vice Chair 2030; Weidmann Diagnostic Solutions, Inc.) C. Rogers (NERC standards; Consumers Energy) R. Saint (Chair and P1547.7; retired National Rural Electric Cooperative Assoc) M. Siira (Chair P2030.2; ComRentCorp) 6 T. Zgonena (UL Liaison; UL)

7 IEEE Standards Development Lifecycle Idea! Maximum of 4 years Project Authorization Request (PAR) approved WG develops the draft standard Sponsor ballot IEEE-SASB approves the standard Standard is published Sponsor agrees to revise the standard Maximum of 10 years Archive Standard withdrawn by the Sponsor or the IEEE-SASB 7 Standards Process Overview:

8 IEEE Standards are Classified As: Standards: documents specifying mandatory requirements (shall) Recommended Practice: documents in which procedures and positions preferred by the IEEE are presented (should) Guide: documents that furnish information -- e.g., provide alternative approaches for good practice, suggestions stated but no clear-cut recommendations are made (may) 8 8

9 Interconnecting Distributed Energy Resources 9 Traditionally the power system was viewed as 7 layers; each performing its function from central station generation supplying power out to customers/loads.

10 Grid Modernization Traditional Electric Grid Modern Electricity Choices Utility Scale PV Power park Wind Farms Rooftop Photovoltaics Hydrogen Storage Industrial DG Fuel Cells Remote Loads EV s Load as a resource Smart Substation Combined Heat and Power

11 Smart Grid Concepts: Interconnection (1547) & Interoperability (2030) System of Systems Approach Smart Grid: the integration of power, communications, & information technologies for an improved electric power infrastructure serving loads while providing for an ongoing evolution of end-use applications. (Std 2030) Interoperability: the capability of two or more networks, systems, devices, applications, or components to externally exchange and readily use information securely and effectively. (Std 2030) 11

12 MODULE 2. LISTING OF IEEE 1547 DISTRIBUTED ENERGY RESOURCES (DER) INTERCONNECTION SERIES (25M, CV, TB) 12 Background; 1547 standards use, e.g., in U.S.A. IEEE Std 1547 and Amendment 1: DER interconnection and interconnection tests IEEE Std and Amendment 1: Interconnection equipment test procedures IEEE Std : Guide to 1547 IEEE Std : Monitoring, information exchange and control (MIC) for DER IEEE Std : Planned DER islands/microgrids IEEE Std : DER on distribution secondary networks IEEE Std : DER impact studies IEEE P1547.8: Expanded use of IEEE 1547 Full revision of 1547 and (interconnection, interoperability and interfaces

13 Energy Policy Act (2005) Cites and requires consideration of IEEE 1547 Standards and Best Practices for Interconnection; all states use or cite Energy Independence and Security Act (2007) IEEE cited as a standards development organization partner to NIST as Lead to coordinate framework and roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability standards and protocols {IEEE 1547 & 2030 series being expanded}; Federal ARRA (2009) Smart Grid & High Penetration DER projects {use IEEE stds}. NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 13

14 Putting the Pieces Together: Standards, Testing, and Implementation 14 14

15 IEEE 1547 Interconnection Standards Use in USA ** 15 ** Articles: 480 Storage Batteries ; 692 Fuel Cell Systems; 694 Wind Electric Systems (NEC info. based on NEC 2011)

16 16

17 ANSI/IEEE Standard 1547 (2003, reaffirmed 2008; Amendment ) Overview, Definitions, References Interconnection Technical Specifications and Requirements:. General Requirements. Response to Area EPS Abnormal Conditions. Power Quality. Islanding 5.0 Interconnection Test Specifications and Requirements:. DesignTests. Production Tests. Interconnection Installation Evaluation. Commissioning Tests. Periodic Interconnection Tests 17

18 1547: Interconnection Is The Focus IEEE Std 1547 covers: - INTERCONNECTION TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS & REQUIREMENTS - INTERCONNECTION TEST SPECIFICATIONS & REQUIREMENTS Distributed Resource (DR) unit Interconnection System Note: P1547 full revision started in year 2015 is also addressing interoperability and interfaces Area Electric Power System (EPS) 18 18

19 19 IEEE 1547 IS: IEEE 1547 Is NOT: IEEE is: Test Procedures for Conformance to1547 A Technical Standard Functional Requirements For the interconnection itself the interconnection test Technology neutral, e.g., does not specify particular equipment nor type A single (whole) document of mandatory, uniform, universal, requirements that apply at the PCC. Should be sufficient for most installations. a design handbook an application guide an interconnection agreement prescriptive, e.g., does not address DR self-protection, nor planning, designing, operating, or maintaining the Area EPS. 19

20 IEEE Std 1547 {2003/2014} INTERCONNECTION TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS AND REQUIREMENTS 4.1 General Requirements 4.2 Response to Area EPS Abnormal Conditions 4.3 Power Quality 4.4 Islanding 5.0 INTERCONNECTION TEST SPECIFICATIONS AND REQUIREMENTS 5.1 Design Test 5.2 Production Tests 5.3 Interconnection Installation Evaluation 5.4 Commissioning Tests 5.5 Periodic Interconnection Tests ANNEX A (INFORMATIVE) BIBLIOGRAPHY NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 20

21 IEEE Std 1547a Amendment 1, May 2014 (Amendment 1: revisions to 4.1.1, 4.2.3, and 4.2.4) Voltage Regulation DER allowed to change its output of active and reactive power (Response to abnormal grid ) Voltage. DER allowed to ride through abnormalities of grid voltage; grid and DER operators can mutually agree to other voltage trip and clearing time settings (Response to abnormal grid ) Frequency DER allowed to provide modulated power output as a function of frequency grid and DER operators can mutually agree to other frequency trip and clearing time settings 21

22 IEEE Std (2005; reaffirmed 2011; Amendment ) Standard for Conformance Test Procedures specifies the type, production, and commissioning tests that shall be performed to demonstrate that interconnection functions and equipment of a distributed resource (DR) conform to IEEE Std Interconnection System (ICS) Distributed Resource (DR) (Internal Combustion, Photovoltaics, Wind, Fuel Cell, Turbine, Storage, etc.) Energy Conversion (Inverter, Converter) Generator (Induction, Synchronous) System Control (Output Levels, Start/Stop, etc.) Electrical Protection (abnormal protection) Steady-State Control (V, I, W, VAR, pf) Area EPS or Local EPS Ancillary Equipment Figure 1 - Boundaries between the interconnection system, EPS and DR. 22

23 IEEE Std Conformance Test Procedures this standard specifies the type, production, and commissioning tests that shall be performed to demonstrate that interconnection functions and equipment of a distributed resource (DR) conform to IEEE Std Type (Design) Tests 5.1 Temperature Stability 5.2 Response to Abnormal Voltage 5.3 Response to Abnormal Frequency 5.4 Synchronization 5.5 Interconnection Integrity 5.6 DC injection 6 - Production Tests 5.7 Unintentional Islanding 5.8 Reverse Power 5.9 Cease to Energize Functionality and Loss of Phase 5.10 Reconnect Time 5.11 Harmonics 5.12 Flicker 7 - Commissioning Tests Verification and Inspections Field Conducted type and Production Tests 23

24 IEEE Std a -- Amendment 1 [March 2015] New type tests: 5.3 (DER real power output variation as a function of frequency); and 5.13 Voltage regulation (next slide) Response to abnormal frequency conditions Insert new subclauses (into IEEE Std ) Real power reduction test where the EUT responds to over frequency The manufacturer shall specify the response characteristics of the EUT real power reduction in response to over-frequency events Real power increase test where the EUT responds to under frequency The manufacturer shall specify the response characteristics of the EUT real power increase in response to under-frequency events

25 IEEE Std a (Mar Amendment 1 to ) New type test 5.13 Voltage regulation four categories of voltage regulation testing each applicable to: static power inverters/converters, induction machines, and synchronous machines. - Where the EUT responds to variations in voltage the manufacturer shall specify the response characteristics. - Where the EUT responds to communicated settings the manufacturer shall specify the protocol, means of communications and the response characteristics. - Where the EUT responds to a time schedule the manufacturer shall specify the response characteristics. - Where the reactive power output of the EUT changes with respect to real power output, the manufacturer shall specify the response characteristics. New annex for: 5.3 Real power variation test (over/under frequency) P1547.1a Annex A. 5 Power variation test (step-wise ramp function) general Figure A.6 -- Graphical representation of power variation test -- using step-wise ramp function with n = 4 25

26 IEEE Std (application guide to IEEE 1547) background and rationale of {IEEE } technical requirements are discussed Presented... are technical descriptions, schematics, applications guidance, and interconnection examples to enhance the use of IEEE Thermal loads AC loads DC loads Interconnection system (within dashed lines) Power distribution Point of common coupling Area EPS DR unit (Prime movers, generator, storage DR unit electric generator Power conversion, DR protective relaying, DR paralleling switch Local EPS protective relaying Transfer switch or paralleling switchgear Meter TAT unit (heat recovery, TAT Unit cooling, (heat recovery, storage) cooling, DR control Power flow Thermal flow Area EPS protective relaying storage) Operational control DR monitoring/ metering Dispatch and control Area EPS power system ( g rid) Figure A.1 Functional diagram of an interconnection system 26

27 IEEE Std MIC for DR 27 guidelines for MIC (monitoring, information exchange, and control) for DR (distributed resources) interconnected with electric power systems (EPS). 4. General information about monitoring, information exchange and control (MIC) 4.1 Interoperability 4.2 Performance 4.3 Open Systems Approach 4.4 Extensibility 5. Data exchange guidelines based on of IEEE Business and operation processes 7. Information exchange model 8. Protocol Issues 9. Security guidelines for DR implementation Annexes (informative) e.g., includes sample use cases and sample information exchange agreement. 4.5 Automatic Configuration Management 4.6 Information Modeling 4.7 Protocols 27

28 IEEE Std Guide for MIC for DR guidelines for monitoring, information exchange, and control (MIC) for distributed resources (DR) interconnected with electric power systems (EPS). Area EPS Operator DR Aggregator DR Operator DR Maintainer Area EPS Information Exchange Interface (IEI) PCC Also - see Annex G: Information Exchange Agreement Template Point of DR Connection DR Unit DR Unit DR Unit Matter of Packaging DR Controller Load Point of Load Connection Building EMS 28 Legend Interconnection Info Path (focus of this guide) Local Info Path (not addressed in this guide) Electric Path (not addressed in this guide) Local EPS IEEE Std Figure 1 Reference diagram for information exchange.

29 Annex G Sample Information Exchange Agreement Information Exchange Agreement (IEA) template: a framework to capture the specification of technology and processes needed to support interoperable interactions between parties in the use of a DR unit Introduction 2. Theory of Operation Overview 3. Shared Ontology 4. Message Structure 5. Interface Services and Collaboration Agreements 5.1. Business (Workflow) Message Definitions 5.2. Choreography Rules (order/sequence of messages in a transaction) 5.3. Transaction Services 5.4. Resource Identification 5.5. Resource Registration and Discovery 5.6. Data and Time Formats 5.7. Time Synchronization 5.8. Security Agreements 5.9. Expected Standalone Behavior 6. Performance Requirements and Constraints 7. Communication Protocol Profile 8. Version Compatibility 9. Miscellaneous 10. Example Usage

30 IEEE Std Guide for Design, Operation, and Integration of Distributed Resource Island Systems with Electric Power Systems Scope. This document provides alternative approaches and good practices for the design, operation, and integration of distributed resource (DR) island systems with electric power systems (EPS). This includes the ability to separate from and reconnect to part of the area EPS while providing power to the islanded local EPSs. This guide includes the distributed resources, interconnection systems, and participating electric power systems. Purpose. This guide is intended to be used by EPS designers, operators, system integrators, and equipment manufacturers. The document is intended to provide an introduction, overview and address engineering concerns of DR island systems. It is relevant to the design, operation, and integration of DR island systems. Implementation of this guide will expand the benefits of using DR by targeting improved electric power system reliability and build upon the interconnection requirements of IEEE

31 IEEE Std (micro-grids/planned DER Islands) E.g., DER (generation and energy storage) technologies are integrated with all others including the grid technologies to form Micro-grids (planned islands; includes load management, voltage & VAR control, active participation.) Secondary Island Facility Island CB2 L CB1 L Step-Down Transformers Substation Feeds (open for substation island) CB5 (open for substation bus island) CB4 (open for circuit island) N.C. (open for facility island) L L Figure 1 Examples Substation Bus Island CB6 Bus CB3 N.C. RC1 N.C. Open for lateral island N.O. (closed for adjacent circuit island) Lateral island Adjacent Circuit RC2 Adjacent Circuit Island of DR island systems Circuit Island Legend Distributed Generator 31 Substation Island L Breaker Recloser Load

32 IEEE (2011) Recommended Practice for Interconnecting Distributed Resources With Electric Power Systems Distribution Secondary Networks Figure 4 Illustrative example of DR output limited by a control system

33 Guide to Conducting Distribution Impact Studies for Distributed Resource Interconnection Purpose The creation of IEEE Std 1547 Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems has led to the increased adoption of distributed resources (DR) throughout distribution systems. This document describes a methodology for performing engineering studies of the potential impact of a distributed resource interconnected to an area electric power distribution system. Study scope and extent are described as functions of identifiable characteristics of the distributed resource, the area electric power system, and the interconnection. Criteria are described for determining the necessity of impact mitigation. 33

34 P Draft Recommended Practice for Establishing Methods and Procedures that Provide Supplemental Support for Implementation Strategies for Expanded Use of IEEE Standard 1547 Scope This recommended practice applies to the requirements set forth in IEEE Std 1547 and provides recommended methods that may expand the usefulness and utilization of IEEE Std 1547 through the identification of innovative designs, processes, and operational procedures. Purpose. The purpose of the methods and procedures provided in this recommended practice is to provide more flexibility in determining the design and processes used in expanding the implementation strategies used for interconnecting distributed resources with electric power systems. Further, based on IEEE Std 1547 requirements, the purpose of this recommended practice is to provide the knowledge base, experience, and opportunities for greater utilization of the interconnection and its applications. 34

35 IEEE P1547 (Full Revision) Project Authorization Approved by the IEEE SASB on March 27, 2014 Title: Draft Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability of Distributed Energy Resources with Associated Electric Power Systems Interfaces. Scope: This standard establishes criteria and requirements for interconnection of distributed energy resources (DER) with electric power systems (EPS), and associated interfaces.* Purpose: This document provides a uniform standard for the interconnection and interoperability of distributed energy resources (DER) with electric power systems (EPS). It provides requirements relevant to the interconnection and interoperability performance, operation, and testing, and, safety, maintenance and security considerations. Note: Interfaces and interoperability and related terms are defined and described in IEEE Std

36 P1547 Revision: Draft Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability of Distributed Energy Resources with Associated Electric Power Systems Interfaces. Build from existing Std 1547 document structure Incorporate revisions based on existing 1547 series Address additional criteria and requirements based on approaches of Std 2030 and P2030.2, including interoperability, and, associated interfaces Scope: This standard establishes criteria and requirements for interconnection of distributed energy resources (DER) with electric power systems (EPS), and associated interfaces. Note: Interfaces defined in IEEE 2030: a logical interconnection from one entity to another that supports one or more data flows implemented with one or more data links. Purpose: This document provides a uniform standard for the interconnection and interoperability of distributed energy resources (DER) with electric power systems (EPS). It provides requirements relevant to the interconnection and interoperability performance, operation, and testing, and, safety, maintenance and security considerations

37 IEEE P (Full Revision) Project Authorization Approved by the IEEE SASB December 2014 Title: Draft Standard Conformance Test Procedures for Equipment Interconnecting Distributed Energy Resources with Electric Power Systems and Associated Interfaces Scope: This standard specifies the type, production, commissioning and periodic tests, and evaluations that shall be performed to confirm that the interconnection and interoperation functions of equipment and systems interconnecting distributed energy resources with the electric power system conform to IEEE Std Purpose: Interconnection equipment that connects distributed energy resources (DER) to an electric power system (EPS) shall meet the requirements specified in IEEE Standard Standardized test and evaluation procedures are necessary to establish and verify compliance with those requirements. These test procedures shall provide both repeatable results, independent of test location, and flexibility to accommodate a variety of DER technologies and functions. 37

38 MODULE 3) LISTING OF IEEE SCC SMART GRID SERIES, 20 MIN, MS Background IEEE Std 2030 Smart Grid Interoperability IEEE P (Draft) Guide for Electric-Sourced Transportation Infrastructure IEEE Std Energy Storage Systems Interoperability IEEE P (Draft) Design, and O & M of Battery Energy Storage Systems IEEE P (Draft) Electric-Sourced Transportation Infrastructure IEEE P (Draft) Test Procedures for Electric Energy Storage Equipment and Systems IEEE P (Draft) Planning and Design of the Microgrid 38

39 Smart Grid Interoperability Open Systems Interconnect Reference Model Layering simplifies the task of replacing one communication technology with an alternate technology 39

40 Smart Grid Interoperability Smart Grid: the integration of power, communications, and information technologies for an improved electric power infrastructure serving loads while providing for an ongoing evolution of end-use applications. (Std 2030) Interoperability: the capability of two or more networks, systems, devices, applications, or components to externally exchange and readily use information securely & effectively. (Std 2030) 40

41 IEEE 2030 Series: Smart Grid Interoperability 2030 (2011) Guide for Smart Grid Interoperability of Energy Technology and Information Technology Operation with the Electric Power System and End-Use Applications and Loads P Draft Guide for Electric-Sourced Transportation Infrastructure (2015) Guide for Energy Storage Systems Interoperability with Electric Power Infrastructure Draft Guide for Design, Operation, and Maintenance of Battery Energy Storage Systems, both Stationary and Mobile, and Applications Integrated with Electric Power Systems P Draft Standard for Test Procedures for Electric Energy Storage Equipment and Systems for Electric Power Systems Applications P Draft Recommended Practice for the Planning and Design of the Microgrid 41

42 42 IEEE Std 2030 Smart Grid Interoperability Provides a knowledge base addressing terminology, characteristics, and smart grid functional performance. Establishes the 2030 SGIRM TM - Smart Grid Interoperability Reference Model; inherently allows extensibility, scalability, & upgradeability. SGIRM defines three integrated architectural perspectives: (IAP s) -- PS-IAP: power systems; CT-IAP: communications technology, and IT-IAP: information technology. SGIRM emphasis is on functional interfaces: logical connections (PS and CT); and data flows (IT). SGIRM defines Classification of Data Flow Characteristics (Table 5-1*), and, design templates (e.g., Annex D-1 Interface Template*) for establishing power perspective interoperability needs and for identifying and integrating information/communication technology protocols, standards, etc. ( reliability/security/cyber, quality of service, connection medium). * See Backup slides

43 Smart Grid Interoperability of DER with EPS IEEE Guide for Smart Grid Interoperability - More commonality and completeness in power systems, communications and information technologies requirements to communicate effectively and transfer meaningful data Power Systems Perspective - Logical, functional considerations for interfaces & data flows relating to Smart Grid interoperability of PS, CT, and IT. Emphasis on the production, delivery and consumption of electric energy ( related to interoperability, not power flow). Communication Technology Perspective Comm. connectivity: Networks; comm. media, comm. performance and comm. protocols. Information Technology Perspective Customer Distribution Common Domains Transmission Bulk Generation Information Data Flow data management and control of processes Control and Operations Service Providers Markets 43

44 2030 SGIRM Domains, Entities, and Interfaces PS-IAP & CT-IAP: Connecting Lines are Interfaces or Logical Connections, and in IT-IAP Connecting Lines are Data Flows Domain Service Providers Entity Electric Service Providers PS68 Interface Distribution Distribution Protection and Control Devices PS9 Customer Point(s) of Interface PS62 PS59 PS60 Customer Distributed Energy Resources PS64 PS63 PS69 DC Loads AC Loads Customer 44 44

45 IEEE Std 2030 SGIRM TM Domains & Entities Markets Markets Control and Operations Utility Operation and Control / Enterprise Third- Party Services Service Providers Other Networks Regional Interconnects Networks Wide Area Network Backhaul Networks Public Internet / Intranet Workforce Mobile Network Bulk Generation Network Grid Scale Energy Resources Bulk Generation Transmission Substation Network Transmission Field Area Network Feeder Network Distribution Substation Network Distribution Access Point Neighborhood Area Network Feeder Distributed Energy Resources / Microgrid Network Distribution Smart Meter / Energy Services Interfaces Distributed Energy Resources Network Plug-in Electric Vehicle Energy Services Interfaces / Customer Premises Network Customer Loads CT-IAP showing the 7 Domains (thick solid lines) common to 3 IAPs (PS, IT, CT), the communication Networks (inside the dotted lines), and, the entities (shaded boxes). CT-IAP showing: (a) the 7 Domains (thick solid lines) common to the three IAPs (PS, IT, CT); (b) the CT Networks (in the dotted lines); and, (c) the entities (shaded boxes) in the domains. 45

46 IEEE STD 2030: PS-IAP {POWER SYSTEM INTEGRATED ARCHITECTURAL PERSPECTIVE} INTERFACES ARE LOGICAL CONNECTIONS 46 46

47 IEEE Std 2030: IT-IAP {Information Technology Integrated Architectural Perspective} In IT-IAP the Connecting Lines Are Data Flows 47 47

48 IEEE Std 2030: CT-IAP {Communication Technology Integrated Architectural Perspective } In CT-IAP (and PS-IAP) the Connecting Lines Interfaces are Logical Connections 48

49 49 Takeaways SGIRM: integration of 3 perspectives is key. - A framework with well-vetted definition of entities, interfaces and data flows; e.g., Customer DER represents both Distributed Generator and Distributed Storage Power Systems IAP: - Domains (same in all 3 perspectives) provide division of efforts close to those of existing utilities. - Entities reflect equipment or functions of the EPS. - Interfaces are logical connections not power flows. interfaces may represent {multiple} data flows over {multiple} data links. CT-IAP in its perspective, includes Communication Networks entities.

50 MODULE 4) USING THE PUBLISHED IEEE 2030 STANDARDS (2030 AND ), 30 MIN, MS 50 10/22/2015

51 IEEE Std 2030 SGIRM Use Example Customer Support of the Utility-Grid Customer owns distributed energy resources (DERs) & loads Distributed generation (DG) Distributed energy storage (DES) Controllable loads Service Provider manages customer DERs and loads: Controls multiple (aggregated) customers DG, DES, and loads Responds to Controls & Operations signals Responds to Markets signals 51

52 IEEE First/Only Consensus, SG Standard (2011) Simplified* Example: Service Provider Controls Customer DG, Community Energy Storage and Controllable Loads -- * Protection, security, communications, testing, etc. not highlighted 52 Power System Integrated Architectural Perspective (PS-IAP): Logical Connections 52

53 53 IEEE Guide for the Interoperability of Energy Storage Systems Integrated with the Electric Power Infrastructure Scope: This document provides guidelines for discrete and hybrid energy storage systems {DER} that are integrated with the electric power infrastructure, including end-use applications and loads. This guide builds upon IEEE Standard 2030 Guide for Smart Grid Interoperability of Energy Technology and Information Technology Operation With The Electric Power System (EPS), and End-Use Applications and Loads. Purpose: The purpose is to provide guidance in understanding and defining technical characteristics of energy storage systems, and how discrete or hybrid systems may be integrated with and used compatibly as part of the electric power infrastructure. Further, the standard fills the need for guidance relevant to a knowledge base addressing terminology, functional performance, evaluation criteria, operations, testing, and the application of engineering principles for energy storage systems integrated with the electric power infrastructure.

54 54 P Example Applications Of Energy Storage Systems Integrated With The Grid

55 showing Power System Interfaces (Logical Connections) for DER PS74 PS73 PS72 PS52 Markets Control and Operations Service Providers PS47 PS75 PS48 PS65 PS80 PS81 PS53 PS43 Markets PS49 PS45 PS54 Generation Operation and Control PS56 Transmission Operation and Control PS46 PS2 PS76 PS29 Distribution Operation and Control PS37 PS66 PS4 PS18 Electric Service Providers PS67 PS13 PS68 Generation Substation PS44 Bulk Storage PS51 PS55 PS35 PS26 PS33 PS25 Transmission Sensors and Measurement Devices Transmission Substation PS27 PS24 PS23 PS1 PS22 PS30 PS39 PS8 PS70 Distribution Substation PS71 PS7 PS34 PS3 PS5 PS15 PS78 Distribution Protection and Control Devices PS17 PS6 PS20 PS9 Customer Point(s) of Interface Customer Substation PS61 PS60 PS64 PS62 PS57 Customer Distributed Energy Resources PS63 PS59 PS69 PS41 PS42 PS50 PS28 PS32 PS14 PS10 PS58 DC Loads Customer AC Loads Bulk Generation Bulk Generation PS11 PS36 PS38 PS40 Transmission Protection and Control Devices Transmission Distribution Sensors and Measurement Devices PS16 Distribution Distribution Distributed Energy Resources PS77 PS31 PS79 PS21 PS12 PS19 55

56 56 IEEE : Power System Interfaces (Logical Connections) for DER/ESS For Example Used Earlier: Service Provider Controls Customer DG, Energy Storage and Controllable Loads For Customer Based ESS : Interface Entity 1 Entity 2 Description PS62 PS63 PS64 PS69 Customer Point(s) of Interface Customer Distributed Energy Resources Customer Distributed Energy Resources Customer Distributed Energy Resources For Electric Service Provider: Customer Distributed Energy Resources AC Loads DC Loads Customer Distributed Energy Resources Provides for information exchange and control of DERs by entities external to customer. Interfaces include those for protection, control, and monitoring. Provides for information exchange and control of DERs and ac loads internally at the customer. Interfaces include those for protection, control, and monitoring. Provides for information exchange and control of DERs and dc loads internally at the customer. Interfaces include those for protection, control, and monitoring. Interfaces between two or more customer DERs. Interfaces include those for protection, control, monitoring, reporting, and SCADA. Interface Entity 1 Entity 2 Description PS65 Markets PS66 PS67 PS68 Electric Service Providers Electric Service Providers Electric Service Providers Electric Service Provider Distribution Operation and Control Customer Substation Customer Point(s) of Interface Provides for information exchange of market information and expected loading. Interfaces include those for monitoring and control. Provides for information exchange of expected loading and aggregate control mechanisms. Interfaces include those for monitoring. Provides for monitoring information and control of customer generation, storage, and loads. Interfaces include those for monitoring and control. Provides for monitoring information and control of customer generation, storage, and loads. Interfaces include those for monitoring and control.

57 57 IEEE : Power System Interfaces (Logical Connections) for DER/ESS For customer based ESS: PS19 to Distribution Distributed Energy Resources PS61 to Customer Substation (Large Customers) PS62 to Customer Point of Interface PS63 to AC loads PS64 to DC loads PS69 to other Customer Distributed Energy Resources (ESS and energy producers) For distribution system based ESS: PS11 to Markets PS12 to Customer Point(s) of Interface PS14 to Distribution Operation and Control PS15 to Distribution Substation PS16 to Distribution sensors and measurement devices PS17 to Distribution Protection and Control Devices PS19 to Customer Distributed Energy Resources PS31 to other Distributed Energy Resources (ESS and energy producers) PS70 to Transmission Operation and Control PS71 to Generation Operation and Control PS79 to Electric Service Providers

58 Example: Information Technology Interfaces (Data Flows) for DER providing multiple services Interface Entity 1 Entity Comments 58 IT5 Energy Management Plant Control IT12 Distribution Operation Demand Management IT13 Distribution Operation Distribution Management IT19 Energy Market Clearing Demand Management IT20 Dispatch Energy Market Clearing IT26 Distributed Energy Resources (Local Generation) Customer Energy Management and Control IT28 Dispatch Plant Control IT29 Distribution Substation Distribution Field Device IT30 Distribution Management Distribution Substation IT34 Distribution Management Geographic Information Management

59 Example: Communications Interfaces (Logical Connections) for DER providing multiple services Interface Entity 1 Entity 2 CT1 Utility Operation Backhaul and Control/Enterprise CT5 Backhaul Distribution Substation Network CT10 Distribution Feeder Network Substation Network CT26 Markets Public Internet/Intranet CT27 Utility Operation Public Internet/Intranet and Control/Enterprise CT28 Backhaul Feeder Distributed Energy Resources/MicroGrid Network Comments 59

60 Example: Application Table Mapping Power System Interfaces, IT and Communication. Power systems perspective IT perspective Communications perspective Data path Data path Data flow Comments PS13 - Distribution Operations to Customer Point of Interface IT12 - Demand Management by Distribution Operations IT22 - Customer Information IT24 - Demand Management for Asset Management CT3 - CT12 Utility Operation Enterprise LAN from Customer Smart Meter via Neighborhood Area Network CT3 - CT52 Utility Operation Enterprise LAN from Customer Point of Interface via Neighborhood Area Network CT3 - CT12 CT3 - CT52 CT3 - CT12 CT3 - CT52 Distribution operations control and monitoring of customer loads through smart meter Distribution operations control and monitoring of customer loads through non-smart meter black box Monitoring of customer information by operations center through smart meter Monitoring of customer information by operations center througt non-smart meter black box Distribution operations control and monitoring of customer loads through smart meter Distribution of operations control and monitoring of customer loads through nonsmart meter black box 60

61 Example Integration of PS and CT Interfaces, and IT Data Flows -- Application Summary

62 Example Integration of PS and CT Interfaces, and IT Data Flows -- Application Summary Detail Power system data path PS13 Entity (from) and number of Points Distribution Operation and Control (1 Point) Entity (to) and number of points Point(s) of Interface (thousands to millions of points) Data type Operations Reporting Up to 75 miles 10 sec to minutes Hours Reach Information transfer time hours hours Data occurrence interval ALL Multicast High Low Method of broadcast Priority Latency High >160 ms High >160 ms No No Synchronicity Important Important Information reliability Medium Medium Availability (reliability) High Medium No No Bytes kb Level of assurance HEMP, IEMI Data volume Security Confidentiality Medium Low Low Medium Medium Low Medium Low Integrity Availability (security) Power systems description Provides information exchange and control of customer equipment by Distribution Operations and Control. Logical connections include those for control, monitoring. Communications IT Communications path(s) Communications description IT data paths IT description CT3 then CT52 or CT12 Utility Control/Operation/ Enterprise LAN to Smart Meter or Customer Access Point via NAN IT13 to IT27, IT26 (to EMS) IT16 (to IT25 in some cases) Monitoring/ Control by Distribution Operations Smart meter or Energy Management System interface

63 Takeaways SGIRM Using this framework allows common description of Power System, IT and Communication Requirements Integrated approach provides understanding and transparency across PS, IT, and CT Approach is replicable and extensible for other applications and users Ensures that full capability of system is implemented as designer intended 63 10/22/2015

64 MODULE 5A) USING THE PUBLISHED IEEE 1547 STDS (1547 AND ), 15 MIN, CV BREAK, 20 MIN MODULE 5B) USING THE PUBLISHED IEEE 1547 STDS (1547.2, , , , AND ), 45 MIN, CV 64

65 Use of IEEE 1547, and the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) IEEE 1547 is not an interconnection regulatory rule or contractual agreement document is referenced by entities (AHJ s) and programs that have the authority to set technical requirements. Area EPS s Use -- your local Utility Regulator s Use Legislator s Use Other consenting stakeholders 65

66 IEEE 1547 Interconnection Standards Use in USA ** 66 ** Articles: 480 Storage Batteries 692 Fuel Cell Systems; 694 Wind Electric Systems (NEC info. based on NEC 2011)

67 67

68 Scenario 1, Utility, Hydro One DISTRIBUTED GENERATION TECHNICAL INTERCONNECTION REQUIREMENTS, INTERCONNECTIONS AT VOLTAGES 50KV AND BELOW, DT R3 68

69 69

70 Scenario 1, Utility, Hydro One 70 70

71 Scenario 1, Utility, Hydro One 71 10/22/

72 Scenario 1, Utility, Hydro One 72 10/22/2015

73 73 Scenario 1, Utility, Hydro One

74 Scenario 1, Utility, Hydro One 74

75 Scenario 1, Utility, Hydro One 75 10/22/2015

76 Scenario 1a, Canadian Utilities & Certification Source, Review of Distributed Generation Product and Interconnection Standards for Canada, Sylvain Martel and Dave Turcotte, IEEE ELECTRICAL POWER CONFERENCE, OCTOBER 25 26, 2007, MONTREAL 76 10/22/2015

77 Scenario 2, Utility/Regulatory, SCE/CPUC Rule 21 77

78 Scenario 2, Utility/Regulatory, CA Rule 21, Practical Use Impact 78

79 Scenario 3, Legislative, CA CSI (From Calif. Senate Bill 1): 10/22/

80 Scenario 3, Legislative, CA CSI (Calif.) Commission s Eligibility Requirement 80

81 Scenario 3, The Impact of Using IEEE 1547 by reference (Calif.) Commission s Reporting of CSI Program Results 81

82 MODULE 6) STATUS OF ONGOING FULL REVISION OF IEEE 1547 AND : DER INTERCONNECTION, INTEROPERABILITY, AND INTERFACES, 35 MIN, CV, MS Scope, purpose, and selected topics (works in progress for illustrative purposes) Next actions 82 10/22/2015

83 IEEE P1547 (Full Revision) Project Authorization Approved by the IEEE SASB on March 27, 2014 Title: Draft Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability of Distributed Energy Resources with Associated Electric Power Systems Interfaces. Scope: This standard establishes criteria and requirements for interconnection of distributed energy resources (DER) with electric power systems (EPS), and associated interfaces.* Purpose: This document provides a uniform standard for the interconnection and interoperability of distributed energy resources (DER) with electric power systems (EPS). It provides requirements relevant to the interconnection and interoperability performance, operation, and testing, and, safety, maintenance and security considerations. Note: Interfaces and interoperability and related terms are defined and described in IEEE Std

84 Std P1547 Full Revision: Example Works in Progress Updates to many 1547 (2003) requirements, and new requirements, e.g., Voltage regulation: Reactive Power Capability of the DER capable of injecting and absorbing minimum reactive power Voltage and Reactive Power Control capabilities of modes of reactive power control functions: Power factor; Volt-Var; Active-power power-factor; Reactive power Voltage & Frequency Ride Through: 3 classes (parameter ranges) Power Quality/Harmonics Unintentional islanding Interoperability Requirements Special Interconnection Requirements: e.g., - Energy Storage; - Distribution Secondary Networks - Islanding/Microgrids; - System Studies/Modeling & Simulation - Etc

85 P1547 Draft Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability of Distributed Energy Resources with Associated Electric Power Systems Interfaces P1547 Organization (e.g., Folder topics F#) 85 P1547 Chair Tom Basso, (CD F1 Overall Document ) P1547 Secretary/Treasurer Charlie Vartanian, (CD Folder 5 [F5] Special Interconnections, microgrids, 2ndry networks) Vice Chairs (Central Desktop [CD] Subgroup Leaders) John Berdner (CD Folder 3 [F3] GenReq2) Jim Daley (CD F6 Test Specs & Reqs) Babak Enayati (CD F2, GenReq1 & F7 PQ) Mark Siira (CD F4 interoper/analyses) IEEE SCC21 Liaison Mike Kipness,

86 Interconnection Standards Status Examples P1547 New Requirements: LV/HV RT and voltage regulation (works in progress/not approved) Voltage and frequency ride through Real and reactive power control Harmonics Interfaces and interoperability Simulation and modeling, and more P1547: three categories or Classes of DER Responses (e.g., parameter ranges) Considering differentiated local and regional operational requirements and technology differentiated capabilities P Test Procedures to start work at Oct Meeting UL 1741 Supplement is intended to validate compliance with grid interactive features Note: These works in progress have not been balloted and may change. 86

87 P1547 New Requirements for Ride Through (Work In Progress) Three Categories of DER Operational Responses to Support the Grid -- Based on Local and Farther Reaching Grid Requirements and DER Technology Differentiated Capabilities Ride through operation and tripping zones defined: Continuous operation Mandatory operation Permissive Operation Momentary Cessation Shall trip 87

88 P1547 New Requirements for Ride Through (work in progress) Ride through operation and tripping zones defined: Continuous operation Area EPS normal operating voltage range Mandatory operation DER shall remain operating for area EPS reduced voltage up to a second or so Permissive Operation DER may operate for area EPS further reduced voltage or small overvoltages for up to 10 cycles Momentary Cessation DER stops producing at area EPS low voltages but does not trip Shall trip - For area EPS overvoltages and undervoltages that extend beyond 10 cycles to 2 seconds or more 88

89 P1547 Example New LVRT Requirements High-level Trip & Ride-Through Concept, (Work In Progress) /22/2015

90 P1547 Example New Reactive Power Requirements (Work In Progress) New subsections to be defined: Voltage and reactive power control Voltage Support during faults Power Factor mode standard operation in today s environment Voltage-Reactive Power Mode New mode to be defined Precedence of voltage and reactive power control modes 90

91 P1547 Example New Reactive Power Requirements (Work In Progress) 91 10/22/2015

92 P1547 Example New Reactive Power Requirements (Work In Progress) /22/2015

93 P1547 Example New Intentional Islanding Requirements (Work In Progress) Intentional island systems are EPSs that: (1) have DER and load, (2) have the ability to disconnect from and parallel with the area EPS, (3) include the local EPS and may include portions of the area EPS, and (4) are intentionally planned. [X, cite in Bibliography Annex] Intentional island systems that include any portion of the Area EPS while islanded shall be designed and operated in coordination with the Area EPS operator. 93

94 P1547 Example New Power Quality Requirements (Work in progress) DC Injection Stays same: 0.5% full rated output Flicker To be updated to be consistent with IEEE , IEEE 1453 and IEEE P Guide to Conducting Distribution Impact Studies for Distributed Resource Interconnection New flicker criteria for wind turbines Harmonic level To be updated to be consistent with IEEE , IEEE 519 and simulations IEEE Std IEEE Recommended Practice and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electric Power Systems IEEE P Recommended Practice..Provide Supplemental Support for Implementation Strategies for Expanded Use of IEEE Standard PQ subgroup recently formed much work to do

95 Interoperability and interfaces: Significant New Additions to IEEE 1547 Interoperability elements included as mandatory requirements Additional interfaces addressed not only the PCC Informative material to be included 95

96 P1547 Example New Requirements for Communications, Information Models and Protocols (work in progress) 96 P1547 has the following draft clauses included in the normative text: Interoperability Requirements Monitoring and Control Requirements Information Model and Communication Protocol Requirements Cyber Security Requirements Protection Communication Requirements Simulation and Modeling (continued on next slides)

97 P1547 Example New Requirements for Communications, Information Models and Protocols (work in progress) Interoperability Requirements Each DER system shall be capable of supporting communications with Area and/or Local EPS operators for monitoring and control purposes. Monitoring and Control Requirements When required by Area EPS operating practices, DER systems shall exchange information with the Area EPS operator Information Model & Communication Protocol Requirements The information models and communication protocols used for the information exchanges shall be standards mutually agreed upon by the Local and Area EPS operators 97 (more on next slide)

98 P1547 Example New Requirements for Communications, Information Models and Protocols (work in progress) Cyber Security Requirements DER systems and DER proxy systems shall use standardized cyber security policies, procedures, and technologies Protection Communication Requirements Communications between Local EPS and Area EPS protection schemes for coordination purposes shall be supported if mutually agreed upon between the Local and Area EPS operators. Simulation and Modeling (not resolved) A DER that has certain conditions conditions may be required to submit parameters suitable for power system computer simulations shall be provided to the area EPS owner. Guidelines for this approach are referenced in IEEE

99 P1547 New Interoperability Annex (Informative) -- {Work in Progress} 1. DER Communication and Information Concepts and Guidelines Hierarchical Architecture of DER Systems Stakeholders in Managing DER Systems DER Hierarchical Levels and Logical Interfaces The SGIRM Model and DER Hierarchical Levels and Logical Interfaces 1.2 Concepts and Examples of International Standards: Information Models Standardized Information Models for Interoperability International Information Models: Common Information Model and IEC IEC as Information Model for Information Exchanges with Field Systems 1.3 Standards and Guidelines for DER Communications Standards of Communication Protocols for DER Overview of Cyber Security Standards and Guidelines for DER Example of IEC as Information Model with IEEE 1815 (DNP3) and IEEE (SEP2) as Communication Protocols Examples of Information Exchange Performance Requirements 1.4 DER Protection Systems 1.5 Recommendations for Coordinating Communication Requirements

100 MODULE 7) CLOSING REMARKS; GETTING INVOLVED; AND DISCUSSION, 30 MIN, CV, MS DER Integration, Interoperability and Additional Approaches, are Helping Modernize the Grid; Full Revision of IEEE P1547 (Requirements) and P (Testing Procedures) are on Fast Track Development: Target 2016 and 2017 IEEE Ballot Additional P2030 Standards Projects are Addressing Other Priorities and Gaps 100

101 Opportunity to Get Involved: Next IEEE P1547 Meetings October 2015; Meeting Location, and Facilities Sponsored by: Salt River Project Tempe, AZ March 8-10, 2016 Florida (Orlando; details and sponsor logistics underway) 101

102 Opportunity to Get In P1547 Upon WG Membership, You can participate in Sub-Groups via web meetings: General Requirements Interoperability Analysis and Modeling Special Interconnections 102 Microgrids Secondary networks Interconnection Test Spec and Requirements Power Quality

103 103 IEEE P1547 IEEE Grouper web pages, Getting Involved /1547_revision/1547revision_index.h tml FIRST STEP, Sign up for P1547 ListServe NEXT, Participate in Working Group. Identify yourself to Folder Subgroup Leads to get connected and involved in specific Folder subgroup for notices of activity and participation

104 Grid Modernization Traditional Electric Grid Modern Electricity Choices Utility Scale PV Power park Wind Farms Rooftop Photovoltaics Hydrogen Storage Industrial DG Fuel Cells Remote Loads EV s Load as a resource Smart Substation Combined Heat and Power

105 Smart Grid Concepts: Interconnection (1547) & Interoperability (2030) System of Systems Approach Smart Grid: the integration of power, communications, & information technologies for an improved electric power infrastructure serving loads while providing for an ongoing evolution of end-use applications. (Std 2030) Interoperability: the capability of two or more networks, systems, devices, applications, or components to externally exchange and readily use information securely and effectively. (Std 2030) 105

106 THANK YOU! Charles Vartanian Mark Siira Tom Basso End of Tutorial References and Backup slides follow 10 6

107 Using IEEE 1547 References IEEE Reference Materials and Standards IEEE standards for sale IEEE SCC21 Standards web site, IEEE-SASB Bylaws: IEEE-SASB Operations Manual: Further Background Information Basso, T.; Standards for DER -- IEEE 1547 (Interconnection) & IEEE 2030 (Interoperability) NREL/5D ;Nov. 2014; Siira, M. Interconnection, interoperability for integration in the Smart Grid; Consulting- Specifying Engineer Magazine; March 2014, Siira, M. Best Practices In Electric Power System Testing For Improved Availability; March/April 2014 PowerLine Magazine;

108 108 BACKUP MATERIAL

109 IEEE SCC21 Standards Historical Highlights Developed first Photovoltaic (PV) standards (1980 s); subsequently promulgated worldwide. Published (late 1980 s) IEEE Std 929 (Interconnection Recommended Practice) in response to PURPA (1978). Incorporated SCC23 activities (e.g., IEEE Std 1001 Guide for Distributed Generators) into SCC21 in Established IEEE 1547 in 2003 in response to deregulation and interconnection needs sought by distributed generation and utility industries; Created IEEE 2030 series (early 2000 s); published IEEE Std 2030 (year 2011) Guide to Smart Grid Interoperability-- 1 st /only Smart Grid Interoperability Reference Model. Currently: establishing new, and liaising for a host of, modern grid integration standards, e.g., DER concurrent interconnection/interoperability requirements. 109

110 IEEE 1547 Definitions Distributed generator (DG) electric generation facilities connected to an Area EPS through a PCC; a subset of DR. Distributed resources (DR) sources of electric power that are not directly connected to a bulk power transmission system. DR includes both generator and energy storage technologies. Electric power system (EPS) facilities that deliver power to a load. Area EPS an EPS that serves local EPSs. Local EPS an EPS entirely within a single premises or a group of premises. Interconnection the result of the process of adding a DR unit to an area EPS Interconnection equipment individual or multiple devices used in an interconnection system Interconnection system the collection of all interconnection equipment, taken as a group, used to interconnect a DR unit(s) to an area EPS Point of common coupling (PCC) the point where a local EPS is connected to the Area EPS. Pont of DR connection the point where a DR unit is electrically 110 connected in an EPS. 110

111 How Is Smart Grid Different? Decentralized Supply and Control from thousands of centralized plants today to tens of millions of decentralized resources Two-way Power Flow at the Distribution Level Current distribution system is primarily a radial design with power flow in one direction Distributed Energy sources at customer premises and on utilities distribution circuits, power will begin to flow in both directions Two-way Information Flow Available communications and information systems will enable a modern, more intelligent power system 111

112 IEEE Smart Grid Domains and Subdomains IEEE Smart Grid domains and subdomains were inspired by the NIST Conceptual Reference Diagram ( IEEE Std 2030 TM Smart Grid Interoperability Reference Model (SGIRM TM ) domains and entities (see 2030 slides) extended the conceptual diagrams of NIST and the IEC; SGIRM provides the model for creating additional Smart Grid standards

113 IEEE Std 2030 (year 2011) Guidance for Smart Grid Interoperability 113 Std 2030 (Fig a above) lays the foundation for any number of additional smart grid applications, e.g., advanced metering infrastructure, plug-in electric vehicles, and other smart grid applications ( N ).

114 Data Classification Reference Table (IEEE Std 2030: Table 5-1) Data characteristic Classification/Value range To be determined by the user of the table based on the intended use of Data use category the data (i.e., control data, protection data, and/or monitoring data) Reach meters (feet) kilometers (miles) Between 3 ms Between 10 s Information transfer time <3 ms and 10 s and minutes hours Data occurrence interval milliseconds seconds minutes hours Method of broadcast Unicast Multicast Broadcast All Priority Low Medium High Low-low Low Medium High Latency (<3 ms) (<16 ms) (<160 ms) ( 160 ms) Synchronicity Yes No Information reliability Informative Important Critical Availability Medium High (severe or Low (limited impact) (information reliability) (serious impact) catastrophic impact) Level of assurance Low Medium High HEMP, IEMI Hardened, yes Hardened, no Data volume bytes kilobytes megabytes gigabytes Medium High (severe or Security Low (limited impact) (serious impact) catastrophic impact) Medium High (severe or Confidentiality Low (limited impact) (serious impact) catastrophic impact) Medium High (severe or Integrity Low (limited impact) (serious impact) catastrophic impact) Medium High (severe or Availability (security) Low (limited impact) (serious impact) catastrophic impact)

115 IEEE Std 2030: Table D.1 Interface Template -- Example CT12 General information Security Protocols Interface ID CT12 Smart meter to/from NAN: Description Connects smart meter through wireline or wireless NAN. Smart meters could be residential (including building/business) or industrial-grade. Objective Confidentiality Integrity Availability Level High High High Connection medium type(s) Wireless, wired Latency Standards Bandwidth Bit rate Payload IEEE , IEEE g, ZigBee SEP 2.0, IEEE a, b, g, n, HomeGrid /ITU-T G.hn, HomePlug /IEEE 1901, Ethernet/IEEE 802.3, 2G, 3G (including LTE), WiMAX/IEEE , etc. Highly variable latency req ts & sensitivities, depending on application. Common ranges: MAC+PHY: <1 ms to 1500 ms End-to-end application information transfer time: <4 ms to 15 s IEEE Std , ZigBee SEP 2.0, IEEE Std , ITU-T G.hn, IEEE Std 1901, IEEE Std 802.3, IEEE Std , etc. Typically, 50 khz to 40 MHz (but others are possible) 1 Kbps to 30 Mbps Size: 10 bytes to 1500 bytes Frequency: packets per second to 1 packet per minute Quality of service Service differentiation/prioritization may be required depending on the quantity and type of applications being supported by this communication link. Many of the standards and protocols mentioned above contain some type of quality of service/differentiated services mechanism. Reliability Non-essential, important, or essential depending on application. Limitations/Constraints In some jurisdictions, there may be limitations on the use of various communications protocols/standards listed for this interface. Data occurrence interval Could be periodic or aperiodic, depending on the application. This interval could range from 1 ms to 30 min. Broadcast method Broadcast, unicast, and multicast may all be needed, but it depends on the application. 1. HomeGrid is a trademark of the HomeGrid Forum.. 2. HomePlug is a trademark of the HomePlug Powerline Alliance, Inc. 115

116 116 IEEE STD 2030: FIGURE 7-1 END-TO-END SMART GRID COMMUNICATIONS MODEL

117 IEEE STD 2030: FIGURE 7-2: SMART GRID DEVELOPMENT PROCESS AND VISION 117