The world goes wireless

Transcription

1 The world goes wireless Public Hotspot Multiplayer Gaming New Generation of Wireless Technologies and Applications Car2Car Communication onsumer Electronics Networking Patient Care Environmental Monitoring

2 Wireless to the Rescue (News) Intel, for example, plans to deploy as many as 50 Wi-Fi MetroMesh routers from Tropos in downtown New Orleans and near the airport to give free services to workers from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Intel is also giving the Red Cross 1,500 laptops from partners like Dell and Lenova, plus another 150 access points for permanent shelters to get those computers online Wi-Fi, WiMAX and unlicensed spectrum wireless networks are being deployed throughout the region, initially to help emergency workers and relief efforts but also to enable the thousands who have been displaced in the storm's aftermath to have basic communications in shelters scattered throughout Mississippi and Louisiana

3 Wireless for Medical (News) Finland is establishing a project to build the world's first, all-wireless hospital. The hospital aims to eliminate not only fixedline networks, but also all patient-monitoring leads. Mobile and medical-device manufacturers are working with the regional university to produce a pilot hospital in the Oulu region by ANAHEIM, Calif. - Wireless communications are coming to medical products. At least four vendors at the Medical Design and Manufacturing show here displayed b or Bluetooth devices to put standalone hospital and health care products on a network. An estimated 5,000 hospitals in the U.S. alone are equipped with a wide variety of standalone electronic devices that are just now being linked to networks. "We see ourselves as a sort of middleware company who helps connect all these products from different vendors," said Nelson Holton, director of new business for HEI Inc. (Boulder, Colo.), a contract manufacturer specializing in medical devices

4 Wireless for Voice (News) VoIP in particular and Internet telephony in general have come a long way from their inception. Most recently, the next big thing has been to merge WiFi with VoIP. VoWiFi or Voice over Wireless Fidelity simply means a WiFi based VoIP service or to put it in another way, a wireless VoIP system. WiFi increases productivity by freeing workers from their wired network connections; VoWiFi completes the process of untethering workers from their desks by offering mobile access integrated with the enterprise telephone network something a traditional cellular service cannot do. With more reliable coverage indoors and higher voice quality than traditional cellular systems, one of the biggest benefits VoWiFi has is cost; using cellular to achieve mobility within the enterprise is an expensive proposition.

5 Emerging Wireless Technologies and Applications David Sanchez Sanchez

6 Course objectives and scope Emerging short-range wireless technologies and applications (Me) Technical review of wireless data communication standards for WLAN, WPAN and sensor networks (Me) Application and extension of concepts to solve real-life use cases (You! short research assignment)

7 Basic Bibliography IEEE. IEEE Wireless LAN Edition - A compilation based on IEEE Std TM (R2003) and its amendments. Todor Cooklev. Wireless Communication Standards: A Study of IEEE , , and IEEE Press, August Bluetooth SIG. BLUETOOTH SPECIFICATION Version 2.0+EDR. November Edgar H. Callaway, Jr. Wireless Sensor Networks: Architectures and Protocols. Auerbach publications Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks: enabling wireless sensors with IEEE IEEE Press IEEE Computer Society : Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs). October ZigBee Alliance. ZigBee Specification. June IEEE , IEEE , Wi-Fi Alliance, Bluetooth SIG and ZigBee Alliance web sites + 3 interesting overview papers (stored in Phprojekt)

8 Course Syllabus 1. Introduction to wireless technologies - Assignment distribution 2. The IEEE family (WLAN) 3. Bluetooth (WPAN) 4. ZigBee (Sensor networking) 5. Presentations and discussion of assignment resolutions

9 Lecture Overview 1. The need for short-range wireless technologies 2. A classification of networks 1. classical network view 2. wireless access networks 3. wireless ad hoc networks 4. wireless sensor networks 3. Unlicensed frequency bands 4. Scope of IEEE 802 wireless standards 5. IEEE WLAN and WPAN and the IEEE 802 wireless space 6. Introduction to Wifi (IEEE ) 7. Introduction to Bluetooth (IEEE ) 8. Introduction to ZigBee TM (IEEE ) 9. The upcoming future: ubiquitous computing and networking 10.Assignment distribution

10 Motivation for emerging wireless Cable replacement (for consumer electronic devices) Easy and quick connectivity to wired network No need to find wired network ports Mobile connectivity to wired network (e.g. LAN) at home, office, airport.. Scalable connectivity to wired network No need to install new cable/ports to serve new users Connectivity in the absence of (or alternative to) fixed infrastructure networks (wireless ad hoc networking) Connectivity among fixed, portable, and moving devices

11 Classical network view Router Server Wired link (e.g. telephone line) Client Fixed Network Infrastructure (e.g. LAN, Internet) This models Internet access through ADSL using my desktop PC

12 This models access to my wireless ADSL router from anywhere at home Wireless access network Server Concept: extension of fixed infrastructure network by means of wireless Enables mobile access to a fixed infrastructure network Internet access LAN access Wireless Connection Client Wireless Access Point (AP) Client Physical and link layer Wireless-wire connectivity Network layer Use of fixed routing infrastructure Application layer Typically used to access resources in the fixed network (e.g. access to web server) Wireless clients may also intercommunicate through AP

13 This models a game with my friends using our n-gages in ad hoc mode Client/Server Router Client/Server Wireless ad hoc network Client/Server Wireless Connection Client/Server Concept: spontaneous (multi-hop) network formation of autonomous wireless-enabled devices Self-organized decentralized cooperative network management (addressing, routing, security ) Dynamic network membership, connectivity and topology Physical and link layer wireless At network layer Single-hop: direct visibility Multi-hop: some devices take router role At application layer Devices act both as client and server (e.g. gaming application)

14 Wireless sensor network This models the temperature sensor at my home Backbone Base Station Sensor Node Router Wireless Connection Wireless ad hoc network for monitoring applications Sensor nodes collect/detect data from sensed environment and transmit data to base station(s) for processing May involve 1000s of nodes and cover huge areas Static vs. mobile Strictly constrained system, which requires consistent energy-aware protocol and system designs Intermittent connectivity (low dutycycle) Sensor Node David Sánchez Sánchez Sensor Node 13/10/2005

15 Unlicensed frequency bands Band allocation for unlicensed operation, given that device operate within some pre-established limits in output power, duty cycle, etc. Important unlicensed bands for emerging wireless MHz (Europe) ISM 902 to 928 MHz (North and Partially South America, Australia) ISM MHz (Worldwide) Advantages and disadvantages Free! Opportunity for many new wireless applications. Low regulatory transmit power limits and subject to uncontrolled interference Standard bodies and industry are developing smart standards and specifications to boost unlicensed pros and minimize unlicensed cons

16 Scope of Wireless IEEE 802 MAC protocol goal Coordinate access of multiple devices to the wireless channel: TDMA, CSMA/CA (or listenbefore-talk) Mobility management Influences QoS (delay, jitter) PHY layer Frequency bandwidth: 11MHz in 2.4 GHz band, Modulation: BPSK, O-QPSK Radio transmission: FHSS, DSSS Transmission power Influences data rate and power efficiency

17 Wireless LAN WLAN Connection WLAN AP Server ~100 meters A system of wirelessly connecting (portable) computers and other devices within the same physical proximity for sharing resources such as Internet connections, printers and files. Coverage area: a building or a campus Function: Extension or alternative to wired LAN Data rate: up to 54 Mbps Operation in unlicensed band Client Client IEEE Standards family (Wi-fi)

18 Wireless Personal Area Network 0 rs 1 ~ ete m Ad hoc (multi-hop) network of portable/wearable devices around/on a person Coverage area: personal operating space of a person Function: cable replacement Data rate: from 20 kbps up to 55 Mbps Operation in unlicensed band Bluetooth Specification IEEE Standards family David Sánchez Sánchez david.sanchezs@upf.edu 13/10/2005

19 The 802 Short-range range Wireless Space WWAN IEEE Network Range WMAN WLAN WPAN ZigBee Bluetooth IEEE WiMax IEEE WiFi Data Rate (Mbps) Why can ZigBee/ also be considered a network David of Sánchez WLAN Sánchez range? david.sanchezs@upf.edu 13/10/2005

20 The answer: ZigBee Network ZigBee Multi-hop Network PAN PAN PAN PAN Physical and MAC layers defined by IEEE standard ZigBee specification defines operation of network and upper layers WLAN range achieved through multihop routing

21 IEEE Standard Firstly introduced in 1997 as IEEE , updated to IEEE Primarily conceived to enable: LAN extension, Single-hop ad hoc networking (P2P). Continuous standard evolution a: High-speed physical layer at 5 GHz b: Up to 11 Mbps at 2.4 GHz d: Additional Regulatory Domains e: Quality of Service (QoS) f: Inter-Access Point Protocol (IAPP) g: Higher data rates at 2.4 GHz h: Dynamic Channel Selection and Transmission Power Control i: Authentication and Security s: Mesh WLAN ( multi-hop ad hoc network)

22 Architecture AA X Data Link Layer MAC MAC Management Sub-entity Physical Layer PLCP Sublayer PMD Sublayer PHY Management Sub-entity Station Management Entity

23 Wireless Fidelity (Wi( Wi-Fi ) Wi-Fi is the commercial name for IEEE b Wi-Fi Alliance is a non-profit industry trade association promoting the growth of WLANs More than 200 member companies: Philips, Siemens, Sony Wi-Fi certification ensures Purchased Wi-Fi product works interoperability of IEEE b products from different manufacturers Wi-Fi5 certifies IEEE a-based products

24 Bluetooth Primarily conceived for cable replacement Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) about 2000 member companies (enormous industry interest in the technology!) Bluetooth Specification v2.0+edr (previous v1.0b and v1.1) 1. Core Specification includes several protocols and message formats to cover a wide-span of applications (cordless telephony, file transfer, etc.) 2. Bluetooth profiles define a selection of messages and procedures from the core specification to support specific applications. They also guarantee different vendor compatibility.

25 Bluetooth Architecture and Specification Profile X Profile Y Core Specification

26 IEEE Standard Derived from the Bluetooth core specification v1.1 IEEE standard includes (PHY and MAC) Device services and functions to operate within ad hoc networks MAC services and operations 2.4 GHz PHY signalling techniques and interface functions that are controlled by the MAC QoS Above IEEE layers Bluetooth specified services (e.g. Service Discovery Protocol (SDP), Telephone Control Specification (TCS)) and other network protocols (e.g., LLC, TCP/IP) may reside A goal of the WPAN Group will be to achieve a level of interoperability which could allow the transfer of data between a WPAN device and an device (towards ubiquitous networking!)

27 IEEE Standard Published in 2003 Design properties of the wireless standard Very low-cost Extremely low-power and, thus, short-range Ultra-low complexity Low-rate Enabling throughput and latency relaxed networks Design shift in respect to previous wireless standards Applications Sensor and actuator networks in many fields such as medical, industrial, agricultural and so on. In general, any application demanding very low-cost low-power lowrate wireless connectivity

28 Further General Characteristics Frequency Bands of Operation 16 channels in the 2.4GHz ISM band 10 channels in the 915MHz ISM band 1 channel in the European 868MHz band. Data rates of 250 kb/s, 40 kb/s and 20 kb/s. Star or Peer-to-Peer link layer network topology CSMA-CA channel access. Support for low latency devices. Fully handshaked protocol for transfer reliability. Dynamic device addressing.

29 Architecture Upper Layers IEEE LLC Other LLC IEEE MAC IEEE /915 MHz PHY IEEE MHz PHY

30 ZigBee/IEEE ZigBee Alliance Association of around 200 companies ZigBee Alliance Mission To provide the consumer with ultimate flexibility, mobility, and ease of use by building wireless intelligence and capabilities into every day devices Definition of a standards-based wireless platform optimized for the unique needs of remote monitoring and control applications, including simplicity, reliability, low-cost and low-power ZigBee Alliance Focus Defining the network, security and application software layers Providing interoperability and conformance testing specifications Promoting the ZigBee brand globally to build market awareness Managing the evolution of the technology First specification published in June 2005 (brand new!)

31 ZigBee Stack Architecture

32 Ubiquitous computing (ambient intelligence) Ubiquitous computing names the third wave in computing, just now beginning. First were mainframes, each shared by lots of people. Now we are in the personal computing era, person and machine staring uneasily at each other across the desktop. Next comes ubiquitous computing, or the age of calm technology, when technology recedes into the background of our lives." --Mark Weiser 1988 Computer systems surround us anytime anywhere to unobstrusively help us in our daily life

33 Ubiquitous networking (pervasive networking for ubiquitous computing) Home LAN Cellular/MAN Internet A network interconnecting every computing device in the world WLAN Bluetooth WPAN David Sánchez Sánchez Seamless optimal-performance connectivity for mobile devices and applications such as voip ZigBee sensor network david.sanchezs@upf.edu 13/10/2005

34 IEEE 802 for ubiquitous networking IEEE 802 family ( to be added)

35 Distribution of Assingments 3 Assingments/10 working groups QoS Coexistence of different wireless technologies Hidden terminals I suggest to approach assingments with scientific methodology (build on existing knowledge with critical focus) and report as a consulting group Deliverables Oral presentation ~20 mins (17th and 24th of November). I expect involvement of all the students (questions+feedback). Technical paper: short and to the point (December the 2 nd. First draft suggested for November the 10th).

36 Some further references