P6/Linux Memory System Nov 11, 2009"
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1 P6/Linux Memory System Nov 11, 2009"
2 REMEMBER" 2!
3 3! Intel P6"
4 P6 Memory System" DRAM" external system bus (e.g. PCI)" L2" cache" cache bus! bus interface unit" inst" TLB" instruction" fetch unit" L1" i-cache" data" TLB" L1" d-cache" processor package! 4!
5 Review of Abbreviations" 5!
6 Overview of P6 Address Translation" CPU" 32" result" L2 and DRAM" 20" 12" VPN" VPO" 16" 4" TLBT" TLBI" virtual address (VA)" L1! hit! L1! miss! TLB! miss!..." TLB! hit! L1 (128 sets, 4 lines/set)"..." 10" 10" VPN1" VPN2" TLB (16 sets, 4 entries/set)" 20" 12" PPN" PPO" 20" 7" 5" CT" CI" CO" PDE" PTE" physical" address (PA)" PDBR" 6! Page tables"
7 P6 2-level Page Table Structure" Up to 1024 page tables" page directory" 1024" PDEs" 1024" PTEs"..." 1024" PTEs"..." 1024" PTEs" 7!
8 P6 Page Directory Entry (PDE)" 31" 12"11" 9" 8" 7" 6" 5" 4" 3" 2" 1" 0" Page table physical base addr" Avail" G" PS" A" CD" WT" U/S"R/W"P=1" Page table physical base address: 20 most significant bits of physical page table address (forces page tables to be 4KB aligned)" Avail: These bits available for system programmers" G: global page (donʼt evict from TLB on task switch)" PS: page size 4K (0) or 4M (1)" A: accessed (set by MMU on reads and writes, cleared by software) " CD: cache disabled (1) or enabled (0)" WT: write-through or write-back cache policy for this page table" U/S: user or supervisor mode access" R/W: read-only or read-write access" P: page table is present in memory (1) or not (0)" 31" 1" 0" Available for OS (page table location in secondary storage)" P=0" 8!
9 P6 Page Table Entry (PTE)" 31" 12"11" 9" 8" 7" 6" 5" 4" 3" 2" 1" 0" Page physical base address " Avail" G" 0" D" A" CD" WT" U/S"R/W"P=1" Page base address: 20 most significant bits of physical page address (forces pages to be 4 KB aligned)" Avail: available for system programmers" G: global page (donʼt evict from TLB on task switch)" D: dirty (set by MMU on writes)" A: accessed (set by MMU on reads and writes) " CD: cache disabled or enabled" WT: write-through or write-back cache policy for this page" U/S: user/supervisor" R/W: read/write" P: page is present in physical memory (1) or not (0)" 31" 1" 0" Available for OS (page location in secondary storage)" P=0" 9!
10 How P6 Page Tables Map Virtual Addresses to Physical Ones" 10" VPN1" 10" 12" VPN2" VPO" Virtual address" word offset into! page directory! page directory" word offset into! page table! page table" word offset into! physical and virtual! page! PDBR" physical address! of page directory! PDE" PTE" physical address! of page table base! (if P=1)! physical! address! of page base" (if P=1)! 20" PPN" 12" PPO" Physical address" 10!
11 Representation of Virtual Address Space" Page Directory" P=1, M=1! P=1, M=1! P=0, M=0! P=0, M=1!!!!! PT 3" PT 2" PT 0" P=1, M=1! P=0, M=0! P=1, M=1! P=0, M=1! P=1, M=1! P=0, M=0! P=1, M=1! P=0, M=1! P=0, M=1! P=0, M=1! P=0, M=0! P=0, M=0!!!!!!!!!!!!! Page 15" Page 14" Page 13" Page 12" Page 11" Page 10" Page 9" Page 8" Page 7" Page 6" Page 5" Page 4" Page 3" Page 2" Page 1" Page 0" Mem Addr" Disk Addr" In Mem" On Disk" Unmapped" 11!
12 P6 TLB Translation" CPU" 32" result" L2 anddram" 20" 12" VPN" VPO" 16" 4" TLBT" TLBI" virtual address (VA)" L1! hit! L1! miss! TLB! miss!..." TLB! hit! L1 (128 sets, 4 lines/set)"..." 10" 10" VPN1" VPN2" TLB (16 sets, 4 entries/set)" 20" 12" PPN" PPO" 20" 7" 5" CT" CI" CO" PDE" PTE" physical" address (PA)" PDBR" 12! Page tables"
13 P6 TLB" 32" 16" 1" 1" PDE/PTE " Tag" PD" V" 13! entry" entry" entry" entry" entry" entry" entry" entry" entry" entry" entry" entry"..." entry" entry" entry" entry" set 0" set 1" set 2" set 15"
14 Translating with the P6 TLB" CPU" 20" 12" virtual address" VPN" VPO" 16" 4" TLBT" TLBI" 1" 2" TLB! miss! PDE"..." PTE" TLB! hit! 3" 20" 12" PPN" PPO" page table translation" physical address" 4" 14!
15 CPU" P6 page table translation" 32" result" L2 anddram" 20" 12" VPN" VPO" 16" 4" TLBT" TLBI" virtual address (VA)" L1! hit! L1! miss! TLB! miss!..." TLB! hit! L1 (128 sets, 4 lines/set)"..." 10" 10" VPN1" VPN2" TLB (16 sets, 4 entries/set)" 20" 12" PPN" PPO" 20" 7" 5" CT" CI" CO" PDE" PTE" physical" address (PA)" PDBR" 15! Page tables"
16 Translating with the P6 Page Tables (case 1/1) " 20" VPN" 12" VPO" VPN1" VPN2" 20" 12" PPN" PPO" Mem" PDE" p=1" PTE" p=1" data" PDBR" Page directory" Page table" Data page" Disk" 16!
17 Translating with the P6 Page Tables (case 1/0)" 20" VPN" 12" VPO" VPN1" VPN2" Mem" PDBR" PDE" p=1" Page directory" PTE" p=0" Page table" Disk" 17! data" Data page"
18 Translating with the P6 Page Tables (case 1/0, cont)" 20" VPN" 12" VPO" VPN1" VPN2" 20" 12" PPN" PPO" Mem" PDE" p=1" PTE" p=1" data" PDBR" Page directory" Page table" Data page" Disk" 18!
19 Translating with the P6 Page Tables (case 0/1)" 20" VPN" 12" VPO" VPN1" VPN2" Mem" PDBR" PDE" p=0" Page directory" data" Data page" Disk" 19! PTE" p=1" Page table"
20 Translating with the P6 Page Tables (case 0/0)" 20" VPN" 12" VPO" VPN1" VPN2" Mem" PDBR" PDE" p=0" Page directory" Disk" 20! PTE" p=0" Page table" data" Data page"
21 Translating with the P6 Page Tables (case 0/0, cont)" 20" VPN" 12" VPO" VPN1" VPN2" Mem" PDBR" PDE" p=1" Page directory" PTE" p=0" Page table" Disk" 21! data" Data page"
22 CPU" P6 L1 Cache Access" 32" result" L2 anddram" 20" 12" VPN" VPO" 16" 4" TLBT" TLBI" virtual address (VA)" L1! hit! L1! miss! TLB! miss!..." TLB! hit! L1 (128 sets, 4 lines/set)"..." 10" 10" VPN1" VPN2" TLB (16 sets, 4 entries/set)" 20" 12" PPN" PPO" 20" 7" 5" CT" CI" CO" PDE" PTE" physical" address (PA)" PDBR" 22! Page tables"
23 L1 Cache Access" 32" data" L2 anddram" L1! hit! L1! miss! L1 (128 sets, 4 lines/set)"..." physical" address (PA)" 20" 7" 5" CT" CI" CO" 23!
24 Speeding Up L1 Access" Tag Check" Physical address (PA)" 20" 7" 5" CT" CI" CO" PPN" PPO" Addr." Trans." No" Change" CI" virtual" address (VA)" VPN" VPO" 20" 12" 24!
25 Linux Organizes VM as Collection of Areas " task_struct" mm_struct" mm" pgd" mmap" vm_area_struct" process virtual memory" vm_end" vm_start" vm_prot" vm_flags" shared libraries" vm_next" 0x " pgd: " page directory address" vm_prot:" read/write permissions for this area" vm_flags" shared with other processes or private to this process" vm_end" vm_start" vm_prot" vm_flags" vm_next" vm_end" vm_start" vm_prot" vm_flags" vm_next" data" text" 0x0804a020" 0x " 0" 25!
26 Linux Page Fault Handling " process virtual memory" vm_area_struct" vm_end" vm_start" r/o" vm_next" vm_end" vm_start" r/w" vm_next" vm_end" vm_start" r/o" vm_next" 26! shared libraries" data" text" 0" 1" read" 3" read" 2" write"
27 27! Memory Mapping"
28 User-Level Memory Mapping" 28!
29 mmap() Example: Fast File Copy" 29!
30 Exec() Revisited" process-specific data" structures " (page tables," task and mm structs)" same for each process" 0xc0" %esp" physical memory" kernel code/data/stack" stack" kernel " VM" demand-zero" process" VM" brk" 0" 30! Memory mapped region " for shared libraries" runtime heap (via malloc)" uninitialized data (.bss)" initialized data (.data)" program text (.text)" forbidden".data".text" libc.so" demand-zero".data".text" p"
31 31! Fork() Revisited"
32 32! Memory System Summary"
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