Internet IPv4 Routing Table Analysis Update. Philip Smith BTNOG 1 16 th November 2014 Phuentsholing
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1 Internet IPv4 Routing Table Analysis Update Philip Smith BTNOG 1 16 th November 2014 Phuentsholing
2 Motivation 1998: No one was publishing any Internet routing table analysis Only CIDR-Report reporting on top 20 contributors to routing table, and top 20 bad aggregators With support of APNIC, my weekly reporting report started 23rd February 1999: Routing table size CIDR-Report style reporting on a per-rir basis and many other interesting features
3 Routing Report 16 November 2014 BGP routing table entries examined: Prefixes after maximum aggregation: Deaggregation factor: 2.62 Unique aggregates announced to Internet: Total ASes present in the Internet Routing Table: Prefixes per ASN: Origin-only ASes present in the Internet Routing Table: Origin ASes announcing only one prefix: Transit ASes present in the Internet Routing Table: 6205 Transit-only ASes present in the Internet Routing Table: 174 Average AS path length visible in the Internet Routing Table: 4.5 Max AS path length visible: 78 Max AS path prepend of ASN ( 55644) 71 Prefixes from unregistered ASNs in the Routing Table: 1592 Unregistered ASNs in the Routing Table: 426 Number of 32-bit ASNs allocated by the RIRs: 7922 Number of 32-bit ASNs visible in the Routing Table: 6084 Prefixes from 32-bit ASNs in the Routing Table: Number of bogon 32-bit ASNs visible in the Routing Table: 2 Special use prefixes present in the Routing Table: 0 Prefixes being announced from unallocated address space: 387 Number of addresses announced to Internet: Equivalent to 161 /8s, 193 /16s and 14 /24s Percentage of available address space announced: 73.3 Percentage of allocated address space announced: 73.3 Percentage of available address space allocated: Percentage of address space in use by end-sites: 96.9 Total number of prefixes smaller than registry allocations:
4 APNIC Region Prefixes being announced by APNIC Region ASes: Total APNIC prefixes after maximum aggregation: APNIC Deaggregation factor: 3.59 Prefixes being announced from the APNIC address blocks: Unique aggregates announced from the APNIC address blocks: APNIC Region origin ASes present in the Internet Routing Table: 4988 APNIC Prefixes per ASN: APNIC Region origin ASes announcing only one prefix: 1206 APNIC Region transit ASes present in the Internet Routing Table: 865 Average APNIC Region AS path length visible: 4.7 Max APNIC Region AS path length visible: 78 Number of APNIC region 32-bit ASNs visible in the Routing Table: 1172 Number of APNIC addresses announced to Internet: Equivalent to 43 /8s, 239 /16s and 21 /24s Percentage of available APNIC address space announced: 86.1 APNIC AS Blocks , , , (pre-erx allocations) , , , , , , APNIC Address Blocks 1/8, 14/8, 27/8, 36/8, 39/8, 42/8, 43/8, 49/8, 58/8 to 61/8, 101/8, 103/8, 106/8, 110/8 to 126/8, 133/8, 175/8, 180/8, 182/8, 183/8, 202/8, 203/8, 210/8, 211/8, 218/8 to 223/8
5 Global per AS prefix count summary ASN No of nets /20 equiv Max Agg Description China Education and Research Telmex Colombia S.A Korea Telecom BellSouth.net Inc PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia Cox Communications Inc TPG Telecom Limited NET Serviços de Comunicação MegaPath Corporation TATA Communications formerly TELLCOM ILETISIM HIZMETLERI A Charter Communications Telecom Argentina S.A Windstream Communications Inc National Internet Backbone tw telecom holdings, inc EarthLink, Inc China Telecom (Group) Akamai International B.V Mediacom Communications Corp AfriNIC APNIC ARIN LACNIC RIPE NCC
6 Number of prefixes announced by prefix length /1:0 /2:0 /3:0 /4:0 /5:0 /6:0 /7:0 /8:16 /9:12 /10:31 /11:90 /12:262 /13:500 /14:1010 /15:1721 /16:13041 /17:7249 /18:12078 /19:25515 /20:36617 /21:37892 /22:55915 /23:48952 /24: /25:1127 /26:1092 /27:704 /28:15 /29:19 /30:11 /31:0 /32:12 November 2014 November 2013 Number of prefixes announced by prefix length /1:0 /2:0 /3:0 /4:0 /5:0 /6:0 /7:0 /8:16 /9:11 /10:31 /11:92 /12:254 /13:474 /14:922 /15:1628 /16:12833 /17:6760 /18:11334 /19:23102 /20:32903 /21:35605 /22:50000 /23:43850 /24: /25:875 /26:997 /27:472 /28:51 /29:81 /30:21 /31:0 /32:14
7 Prefixes Smaller than Registry Allocations ASN No of nets Total ann. Description MegaPath Corporation BellSouth.net Inc Cox Communications Inc Mediacom Communications Corp OJSC "Vimpelcom" CABLE ONE, INC PaeTec Communications, Inc Sudanese Mobile Telephone (ZA ITC^Deltacom TELLCOM ILETISIM HIZMETLERI A CenturyTel Internet Holdings, Telmex Colombia S.A Freenet Ltd NET Serviços de Comunicação Frontier Communications of Am TOV "Bank-Inform" FAIRPOINT COMMUNICATIONS, INC Korea Telecom Telconet S.A JSC "Ukrtelecom" AfriNIC APNIC ARIN LACNIC RIPE NCC
8 Prefixes Smaller than Registry Allocations ASN No of nets Total ann. Description Cox Communications Inc MegaPath Corporation BellSouth.net Inc Mediacom Communications Corp EarthLink, Inc TELLCOM ILETISIM HIZMETLERI A CABLE ONE, INC Telmex Colombia S.A OJSC "Vimpelcom" CenturyTel Internet Holdings, Windstream Communications Inc Telefonica del Peru S.A.A Freenet Ltd Frontier Communications of Am TOV "Bank-Inform" FAIRPOINT COMMUNICATIONS, INC Ecuadortelecom S.A TE-AS Telconet S.A Korea Telecom AfriNIC APNIC ARIN LACNIC RIPE NCC
9 BGP Routing Table Thousands Prefixes Days since 23rd February 1999
10 AS Growth Router supports 32bit ASN ASNs Days since 23rd February 1999
11 Max Aggregation vs Unique Prefixes Thousands Prefixes Days since 23rd February 1999 Max Aggregation Unique Prefixes Global BGP Table
12 Prefix sizes announced Prefixes Days since 23rd February 1999 /19 /20 /21 /22 /23
13 /24s announced Thousands Prefixes Days since 23rd February 1999 /24s Global BGP Table
14 Address Space announced Millions Addresses (/32s) Days since 23rd February 1999
15 AS Announcements ASes Days since 23rd February 1999 Total ASNs Origin-only ASNs ASN providing Transit & Origin Transit-only ASNs
16 Maximum AS Path Length x prepend by AS x prepend by AS ASes Days since 23rd February 1999
17 Looking at Deaggregation CIDR Report Encourages aggregation following CIDRisation of Internet Today: extensive suite of reports and tools covering state of BGP table Routing Report BGP table status on per RIR basis Original CIDR Report and a whole lot more
18 Deaggregation Factor Routing Report One summary takes BGP table and aggregates prefixes by origin AS Called Max Aggregation in report Global and per RIR basis Calculates Deaggregation Factor: Measure of Routing Table size/aggregated Size Global value has been increasing slowly and steadily since records began
19 November 2014 Total Prefixes Global BGP Table 523k prefixes Deaggregation Factor Global Average 2.62 Europe & Middle East 126k prefixes North America 172k prefixes Asia & Pacific 133k prefixes Africa 12k prefixes Latin America & Caribbean 58k prefixes Europe & Middle East 1.98 North America 2.01 Asia & Pacific 3.59 Africa 4.30 Latin America & Caribbean 5.38
20 Deaggregation: RIR Regions vs Global Ratio Days since 23rd February 1999 Global AfriNIC APNIC ARIN LACNIC RIPE
21 Asia Pacific Aggregation Savings Summary ASN No of Nets Savings Description PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia TPG Telecom Limited Korea Telecom TATA Communications formerly National Internet Backbone Guangdong Mobile Communicatio China Telecom (Group) BHARTI Airtel Ltd Viettel Corporation TM Net, Internet Service Prov Sun Network (Hong Kong) Limit CNCGROUP IP network China Bharti Airtel Ltd., Telemedia Digital United Inc Hathway IP Over Cable Interne Sify Limited Reliance Communications Ltd.D Starhub Internet Pte Ltd Tikona Digital Networks Pvt L The Corporation for Financing
22 Importance of Aggregation Size of routing table Memory is no longer a problem Routers routinely carry over 1 million prefixes Convergence of the Routing System This is a problem Bigger table takes longer for CPU to process BGP updates take longer to deal with BGP Instability Report tracks routing system update activity
23 23
24 24
25 Observations Range of operational practices between RIR regions Deaggregation by newer ISPs & developing regions is growing rapidly Is harming the entire Internet RIPE-399 is only a recommendation Hopefully all the RIRs will include pointers with each address allocation Hopefully more ISPs will pay attention to it Training is there most ISPs choose to ignore it
26 Internet Routing Table Analysis Update Questions?
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