Music Technology Central York High School EFFECTS PROCESSING Compression 133

Transcription

1 EFFECTS PROCESSING Compression 133

2 EFFECTS PROCESSING Compression 134

3 EFFECTS PROCESSING Compression 135

4 EFFECTS PROCESSING Compression 136

5 EFFECTS PROCESSING Compression 137

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7 Date Due: STUDY GUIDE Name: Compression 1. What are some other terms synonymous with compression? 2. Define dynamics: 3. Define dynamic range: 4. What are some applications for compression? 5. What is threshold? How does it effect the signal? 6. What is ratio? How does it effect the signal? 7. What is attack? How does it effect the signal? 8. What is release? How does it effect the signal? 9. What are transient peaks? 10. What is make-up gain? 139

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9 Date Due: Name: WORKSHEET The Big Squeeze 1. Define the following: a) Dynamics: b) Dynamic processing: 2. How does a compressor fit into the category of dynamic processing? (What does it do?) 3. What are the advantages of using a compressor during the recording process? 4. What is riding the gain? How does compression help to relieve this? 5. What are transient peaks? Give examples. 6. Explain the five major controls on a compressor a) Threshold: b) Ratio: c) Attack: d) Release e) Output Level 141

10 7. What is unity gain? 8. Compare hard knee and soft knee compression. 9. Describe the process of de-essing. 10. Describe the process of ducking. 11. Do you feel that you better understand compression? What questions do you still have? 142

11 EFFECTS PROCESSING Equalization 143

12 EFFECTS PROCESSING Equalization 144

13 EFFECTS PROCESSING Equalization 145

14 EFFECTS PROCESSING Equalization 146

15 Date Due: Name: STUDY GUIDE Equalization 1. What is the purpose of EQ? 2. How does EQ work? 3. Draw the curve of the following EQ types: a. High Shelf b. Low Shelf c. Peak/Notch 4. What is the difference between Graphic and Parametric EQ? 5. What is Q? 6. List some tips on using EQ. 147

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17 Date Due: Name: WORKSHEET Equal Time Electronic Musican, October List three uses for EQ. a) b) c) 2. What three parameters does a parametric EQ allow users to control? a) b) c) 3. How does a graphic EQ work? 4. What is meant by the phrase, Garbage in, garbage out? 5. Define the following: a) Additive EQ: b) Subtractive EQ: 149

18 6. The article lists EQ tips for 14 different instruments. Choose 5 instruments and describe how to properly EQ them. a) Instrument: EQ Tips: b) Instrument: EQ Tips: c) Instrument: EQ Tips: d) Instrument: EQ Tips: e) Instrument: EQ Tips: 7. What did you find interesting about the article? What questions do you still have? 150

19 DP4 DRILL 19 Vocal Effects Processing Compression, EQ 1. Download the file Drill 19 Project from the Music Tech Website (Assignments page) and place it in your Documents folder. 2. Create a new mono audio track. Name it Gettysburg 3. Place the soundbite labeled Gettysburg in the new track a. Place it at measure (At the Start Marker) b. Use the +/- to zoom in to the exact spot 4. In the mixer, apply compression to as an insert. a. Select the Mixer in the Main Window b. At the top of the channel strip, click and hold on an insert c. Select one of the compressors: i. Dynamics or ii. MW Compressor d. Compress vocals based upon presentation, discussions, and notes 5. In the mixer, apply EQ to alter the tone quality of the voice a. In the Mixer Inserts, select one of the equalizers: i. MW Equalizer or ii. Apple AU Parametric EQ or iii. Apple AU Graphic EQ b. Program equalizer based upon the presentation, discussions, and notes 6. Apply some everb or Reverb to add depth to the track. 7. Mix the vocals with the instrumental music track. a. Remember to consider audibility as well as intelligibility. 8. Bounce the project to disk. a. If you are unsure about how to Bounce to Disk, refer to your Drill 16 sheet. 9. Export the Final Mix as an AIFF file. a. Save it in your Drill 19 Project Folder REMINDER: EQ and Compression are subtle effects; the goal of this drill is a natural-sounding voiceover that can be heard and understood over the music. This drill requires active and focused listening to hear the effects of the inserts. DO NOT rush to finish this. REALLY LISTEN! 151

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21 Start Date: Due Date: PROJECT 4 Public Service Announcement (PSA) Produce a public service announcement for radio. SCENARIO: You have been hired by the Ad Council to produce a 60-second Public Service Announcement to be aired on local AM and FM radio stations. You are free to choose any topic (campaign) that the Ad Council is currently sponsoring. Your final product should include original music as well as information about the campaign (name, current statistics, contact information, web address, etc.) This information will be recorded as spoken dialogue. In the case of this project, you will be paid for your work with your grade. Superior work will be paid a superior grade. Mediocre work will be paid a mediocre grade. The project must adhere to the following parameters: 1. Save your project as Project 4.x in your Documents folder 2. Choose an issue/topic form the Ad Council website. a. Go to URL b. Click on the Campaigns button to view campaigns choose one topic out of one of the categories 3. Create a script/dialogue, based on the information you learn from the campaign pages and the provided links. a. All information must be factual and accurate. b. Remember you are being paid to promote awareness about your chosen topic. c. Type your script in Microsoft Word to submit with your PSA 4. Make your PSA exactly 60 seconds in length. 5. Compose original music as needed for your PSA. a. All music should be done with MIDI b. Music should be an integral part of your PSA 6. Record voiceover and master. a. Use vocal effects that will give the voiceover a professional sound while maintaining intelligibility of the words. 7. Mix down your project to an AIFF file. a. Mix MIDI and record to Audio b. Mix audio and balance c. Create appropriate stereo image d. Bounce to disk and convert to AIFF 153

22 TIMELINE Begin project select topic by end of class Submit typed (MSWord) script for voiceover. Voiceovers can only be recorded AFTER script has been approved Final day to complete project. AIFF file must be submitted before the end of the period. Class presentations/evaluations 154

23 DP4 DRILL 20 Syncing Audio & Video Movie window, MIDI Time Code, Lock Markers, Find tempo for locked markers, Adjust soundbite to sequence tempo, Quicktime Export:Movie 1. Go to the Music Tech web site and, under Assignments, download the file Drill 20 Folder to your computer. 2. Attach the video Drill 20.mov to your Drill 20 project. a. Select Movie from the Project menu (shift-v) b. Browse to find the video (it should be in the Drill 20 Project folder file called Drill 20.mov ) c. Select the file and click open 3. Add three markers to outline the two scenes a. Put a marker (Scene 1) at the beginning b. Put a marker (Scene 2) where the scene changes (ca. 00:00:35:08) c. Put a marker (End) at the end of the video d. LOCK all markers i. Click on the lock column so lock icon appears 4. Create a tempo map for the video a. IMPORTANT: Make sure that tempo control is changed from Tempo Slider to Conductor Track b. In marker window, check Find column for the first two markers ( Scene 1 and Scene 2 ) c. Select Find Tempo for Locked Markers from the marker window s Mini- Menu d. Set the Start parameter to e. In the Find Tempo window, find quarter note tempos in a range between 108 bpm and 126 bpm by increments of 0.01 f. Choose a tempo that meets the following criteria: i. Places the Scene 2 marker close to beat 1 (within 5-6 ticks) ii. Puts an even number of measures between the two markers ideally 8, 12, or 16 measures, to enable logical phrasing. g. Click apply to program the tempo into the conductor track at the first marker location h. In the marker window uncheck Find for Scene 1 and check Find column for Scene 2 and End markers i. Follow steps 4b through 4e to find a new tempo for the second scene. i. Make sure that the Start parameter is set to where Scene 2 begins ii. Look for a tempo between 80 bpm and 100 bpm. 155

24 5. Using only loops from GarageBand, compose a simple soundtrack for this movie. a. Your composition should have a minimum of 3 parts: i. Drums ii. Bass iii. Some other instrument, like guitar or piano b. To import loops from Garage Band i. Select Import Audio from the Soundbites window ii. Navigate to: MIDI LAB:Library:Application Support:GarageBand:Apple Loops:Apple Loops for GarageBand iii. Find the loop(s) you want and open c. To change the tempo of your loop to match that of your song i. Place the loop on a Stereo Audio track ii. Select the loop on the track iii. From the Audio Menu, select Adjust Soundbites to Sequence Tempo 1. This creates a new soundbite which is a copy of your loop at the desired tempo 2. You can then use the newly created loop to repeat on your track for the desired number of measures d. Repeat the above process to add other parts e. Repeat this process for the second scene, using different loops than you used in the first scene 6. Export your movie with audio as a Quicktime Movie. a. Select your Audio Tracks and measures so that your have selected ONLY the length of the video b. Bounce to Disk i. Format: Quicktime Export: Movie ii. Save the export as Drill 20.x.mov in the Movies folder of your user folder NOTES: 156

25 Start Date: Due Date: PROJECT 5 Documentary SCENARIO: For this project, you will create a short audio/video documentary of your favorite artist/group. This documentary will comprise of a photo collage, a voiceover about the artist or group s life/career, and samples of artist/group s music. (Think Ken Burns Jazz series from PBS) The project should be at least 2.5 minutes and not exceed 5 minutes in length. All audio clips must be school appropriate. This project requires you to carefully plan your ideas. The order is very specific, so please follow the step-by-step directions below. DIRECTIONS: 1. Create a new file; save it as Project 5.x in your Documents Folder 2. Use the Internet to conduct research on your artist/group 3. Based on your research, create a script highlighting his/her career a. Type the script in Microsoft Word b. Save it as Project 5.x Script in your Project 5.x Folder c. Script must be submitted and approved prior to recording 4. Based on your script, use the Internet to find appropriate pictures a. In your project folder, create a new folder titled Pictures i. Double click on the Hard Drive in upper right corner ii. Go to Documents Project 5.x iii. Right click inside the window and select New Folder iv. Name it Pictures b. Store all of the pictures in the Pictures folder i. In your web browser, highlight the picture and drag it onto the Desktop, then drag the icon into the Pictures folder 5. Make a timeline to show how script, music, and pictures fit together a. Use the timeline sheet provided b. Submit a copy of the timeline to the instructor 6. Use imovie to create a slideshow with the pictures. (Refer to handout) a. Save your movie as Project 5.x in your Project 5.x Folder b. Read your script with the movie to rehearse timings. 7. Record your script into imovie (Remember to speak slowly and clearly) 8. Export your imovie Project as a QuickTime movie a. Save your movie as Project 5.x in your Project 5.x Folder 9. Link your movie to your DP4 file. 157

26 10. Master your vocal track based on class discussion/experience 11. Use Digital Performer to import and edit music from your artist/group. a. Place music clips in project under voiceover b. Cross-fade between music clips for smooth transitions 12. Mix your project so that the narration has clear focus. 13. Export your final project as a QuickTime movie. TIMELINE Submit script typed in MSWord. Script should be maximum of one page single-spaced or two pages double-spaced. Submit timeline indicating sections of documentary with timing, pictures, musical excerpts, and script. Complete video and recorded voice-over in imovie export to Quicktime movie Finish project in DP4 mix all audio and export as Quicktime Movie (Bounce to disk) 158

27 USING imovie LAUNCH: 1. To start imovie, click the imovie HD icon from the dock 2. To start a new movie, select Create a New Project a. Choose a location and name your file b. Click Create 3. To open an existing project, select Open an Existing Project a. Select the file you would like to open b. Click Open WORKING IN imovie: There are three main sections to the imovie window: 1. Movie Viewer 2. Tool Window 3. Project Window IMPORTING PICTURES: 1. First, open the Clips tool window 2. To import pictures into your project, simply drag the file icons into the Clips window until the green + appears 3. Import all of your pictures into the clip window 159

28 BUILDING YOUR MOVIE: 1. Go the Clip Viewer window 2. Drag the pictures from the clip window into the project window 3. Sort pictures by dragging and dropping in the project window KEN BURNS EFFECT: 1. Highlight the picture in the Project Window 2. Select Photos in the Tool Window 3. Move the toggle to the Start position a. Position the photo in the small window b. Set the starting zoom 4. Choose the speed (seconds) that you want the effect to take 5. Move the toggle to the End position a. Position the photo in the small window b. Set the ending zoom 6. Use Preview to see the result of your settings 7. To switch Start and End positions, press Reverse 8. When finished, press Update 9. You can change previous settings, but selecting the clip in the Project Window, make your changes, and press Update 160

29 Tip: Sometimes less is more. Subtle zooming or panning will often be more effective (especially on shorter times) than drastic zooming in/out. CREATING TITLES: 1. Go to the Titles Window 2. Select the type of title you would like to use 3. Type in the desired text 4. Set time for Speed (how long text is displayed) 5. Set time for Pause (how long before text is displayed) 6. Drag and drop the title from the menu from the Title Window to the Project Window 7. To change title, select it from the Project Window, make changes and press Update CREATING TRANSITIONS: 1. Go to the Transitions Window 2. Select the type of transition you would like to use 3. Set the time for the Speed 4. Drag and drop the transition from the menu from the Transition Window to the Project Window 161

30 RECORDING AUDIO: 1. Rehearse the timing with your script 2. Check the settings in the Audio/MIDI setup 3. Press the Record button to record your voiceover Tip: Keep an eye on what is coming up next by watching the Timeline view of your Project window. Use the slider to adjust the zoom. EXPORTING YOUR PROJECT: 1. From the File Menu, select Share 2. Go to QuickTime menu and select Expert Settings from the drop-down menu 3. Set the dialog menu as follows: a. Export: Movie to QuickTime Movie b. Use: Default Settings 4. Save the movie with your Project 6.x Folder 162

31 Date Due: Name: WORKSHEET The Art of Foley Go to the website listed below and work your way through the pages for these three sections: What is Foley? How s It Done? Story of Jack Foley Answer the questions below based on the website: 1. What is the job of a Foley Artist, and with what media is Foley most frequently used? 2. What are some examples of items a Foley Artist would use? 3. During filming, what is it about the set and props that makes the use of Foley essential for a realistic final product? 4. Due to excess or uncontrollable sounds during filming, what is the process an actor would use to make sure the dialogue is audible and clear? 5. Why doesn t the new ADR segment combined with the live Production sound feel realistic? 6. What can the Foley Artist do to fix this problem? 7. When a film is sold internationally, what process is required to have the dialogue translated? 163

32 8. Can Foley recreate sounds for explosions, storms, or barks? 9. Who covers these types of sounds (question 8)? 10.Give one example of a sound that the Sound Editor has trouble recreating, where an experienced Foley Artist can perform accurately? 11.What is the studio name where Foley, Sound FX Editors, and the ADR studio are located? 12.Name the three sound elements that comprise Foley? a. b. c. 13.Give a brief description of each element including one specific example. a. b. c. 14.How is each recorded/performed? a. b. c. 15.List any specific props that would be essential for these recordings. 164

33 16.Who is credited with creating the art of Foley? 17.What was this man s first job in the movie business in California? 18. Why was the area of Bishop, CA an ideal location for filmmakers? 19.Define an insert and its purpose. 20.What film company was the first to use a Foley track in a movie production? 21.How many takes would Jack Foley need to typically record effects for one reel? Why did this make him such an asset for the industry? 22.How was Jack Foley able to create so many sounds single-handedly? 23.How did Jack Foley s technique and skill help the director of the films Spartacus and Pink Submarine? 24.What or whose steps were the most difficult for Jack Foley to recreate? 165

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35 Start Date: Due Date: Project 6 Teaser, part 1 SCENARIO: You are applying for a job with Pixar Studios for an upcoming computer animated film. They have asked you to submit a sample of your work in the form of a teaser for one of their prior films, Monsters, Inc. They have provided you with an audio-free teaser and want you to compose the musical soundtrack from start to finish for the roughly 1:30-long teaser. 1. Save your project as Project 7.x 2. Go to the Music Tech web page and download the file Teaser from the assignments page. Be sure to use Safari as your web browser. Move the downloaded movie file to your project folder. 3. Block your scenes using markers and Find Tempos for each of the scenes to allow for logical composition. 4. Compose music entirely with MIDI. 5. Mix down your project, but DO NOT bounce to disk yet. to be continued 167

36 Start Date: Due Date: Project 6 Teaser, part 2 SCENARIO: You are applying for a job with Pixar Studios for an upcoming computer animated film. They have asked you to submit a sample of your work in the form of a teaser for one of their prior films, Monsters, Inc. They have provided you with an audio-free teaser and want you to compose the musical soundtrack from start to finish for the roughly 1:30-long teaser. In addition they wish to hear and view samples of your work with sound effects and Foley. 1. Using your project from part 1, go through and place a marker at each sound effect and for each Foley sound. Be sure to lock your marker to the frame. 2. Insert sound effects from Sound Effects CD Folders and/or create your own sound effects by recording. 3. Record some (at least one) Foley sounds for your project. 4. Mix and master all audio for your project 5. Bounce your project to disk using a Quicktime Export:Movie. 168