CAD ZONE s CRIME & CRASH DIAGRAMMING. Basic and Advanced Class Room Notes For Version 8.3 CrashZone & CrimeZone Software

Transcription

1 CAD ZONE s CRIME & CRASH DIAGRAMMING Basic and Advanced Class Room Notes For Version 8.3 CrashZone & CrimeZone Software Crash Scenes Crime Scenes 3-D Views Built-in Reconstruction Calculator

2 CAD ZONE DIAGRAMMING CRASH & CRIME SCENES The student will learn from lecture examples and hands on experience allowing them to generate immediate results. Instruction is included for creating scaled diagrams of collision or crime scenes. The CrashZone and CrimeZone programs are exactly the same program except for the title so just install one title only to avoid programs conflicts. Both titles provide the complete crash, crime and marine scene symbol libraries. (All you do is set the symbol library you wish to use under Symbol Group at top of the symbol tool bar.) Entry Level Standards: Students should have completed a basic accident investigation, crime scene investigation or forensic mapping course and know how to draw scaled diagrams by hand. Also a basic understanding of the MS Windows operating system, computer file management, mouse control and keyboard commands. Company History: The CAD Zone, Inc. was established in 1991 and specializes in Public Safety software. It is privately owned and based in Beaverton, Oregon. Website: This training guide compiled by: Anna Ristau anna@cadzone.com toll free direct Background: Anna is a Civil Engineer Technologist with over 20 years of mapping, drafting and survey experience. The last 8 years have focused on marketing, demonstrating and training for forensic CAD mapping software programs. Formally trained and experienced using several CAD mapping programs that include: AutoCAD, AutoCAD LT, MicroStation, MapScenes and CAD Zone programs. Sections of documentation incorporated from the online manual written by Derik White and Bruce Elliott. A special thanks to Officer Dan Grein for his assistance in formatting. Free Technical Support: or info@cadzone.com Note: Office Hours are Mon-Fri 8:00-5:00 Pacific Time UPDATES FOR CURRENT LICENSED CUSTOMERS: Downloadable Version 8 updates available on at top the web page and click on the round UPDATE button to SAVE and download updates to your version number of CAD Zone software. If you have licensed version 8 installed and activated, no new Access Key or fee is required for version 8 updates. Only when a new version number is released, (i.e. version 9.0) will there be an upgrade cost associated to license it.

3 TABLE OF CONTENTS BASIC CRASH / CRIME ZONE... 1 Lesson 1: Diagram Program Work Environment... 1 Lesson 2: Selecting Objects and Selection Tools... 6 Lesson 3: View Commands... 7 Lesson 4: Auto Snaps... 8 Lesson 5: Drawing Basic Objects... 9 Lesson 6: Ortho Angle Draw Lesson 7: Easy Lines Lesson 8: Easy Intersection Lesson 9: Easy Street Lesson 10: Easy Body Poser Lesson 11: Easy Stairs & Ramps Lesson 12: Easy Builder & Auto-dimensions Lesson 13: Doors & Windows Lesson 14: Adding & Editing TEXT Lesson 15: Dimensions Lesson 16: Placing Symbols Lesson 17: Editing Options Lesson 19: Using Line Types Lesson 20: Adding a Form (Border) and Printing Lesson 21: File Basics Lesson 22: Using Layers Lesson 23: Manual and Electronic Measurement Data Lesson 24: Hatch Patterns and Fills Lesson 25: Templates Lesson 26: 3D Basics Lesson 27: Blot Out Function Lesson 28: Creating your own SYMBOLS ADVANCED CRASH / CRIME ZONE Lesson 29: Advanced Edit, Text and Label functions Lesson 30: Text and Dimensions Tool box functions Lesson 31: More Viewing Options and Scaling Digital Images Lesson 31: 3D Tools and Functions Lesson 33: Making 3D Surfaces Lesson 34: 3-D Viewer (3D Rendering) Lesson 35: Merge 2 Jobs Lesson 36: Depicting Crush Damage Lesson 37: System Settings Lesson 38: Print Functions Lesson 39: Animation: Making 2D/3D Animations.114 Lesson 40: Accident Reconstruction Tutorial Advanced Tips and Tricks PROGRAM USER RESOURCES:

4 BASIC CRASH / CRIME ZONE Lesson 1: Diagram Program Work Environment THE PROGRAM SCREEN: TITLE BAR: Software, version number and drawing name are displayed in blue bar and also command prompts appear to remind you what the next steps are. MENU BAR: pull-down menus of all the program commands. These commands are also available in a button Icon format in Left Side Tool Box or 2-letter shortcuts as shown. SPEED/SETTING BAR command shortcuts for basic Windows functions to open, create new drawing, copy/paste, save, undo, redo, properties display, drawing aids and viewing tools. (This command bar remains same during all 2D view operations.) MESSAGE BAR: The yellow colored Status/Message Bar is the last line at the bottom of the CAD Zone Window and provides some VERY useful functions. The Message Bar on lower LEFT side has 3 functions: 1.) As you perform the various commands, the Message Bar will give you step by step instruction to complete the task. The CAD Zone System will be much easier to learn and use if you follow the instructions as they appear on the Status/Message Bar. 2.) You can click on an object and it displays Object Properties (length, angle, etc.) 3.) It is also the Command line where you can see any typed commands such as the twoletter shortcuts or type in a value to define a Distance. On the lower RIGHT side there is a dynamic Angle-Distance and a XY Coordinate display that allows you to view these properties as you are drawing. 1

5 DRAWING AREA: The Drawing Window is the area that covers the center portion of the screen. This is the area where you make your scaled diagrams. Maneuvering in your drawing area: There are also Viewing Tools at top Speed bar to help you maneuver about. There are also Scroll Bars at the right and bottom of the Drawing Window that enable you to scroll (move up/down or side-to-side) when the drawing is too large to fit in the viewing area. *NOTE: designed for 1024 x 768 screen resolution or higher to see all the tool bars. MOUSE POINTER: Almost all operations you do will be with the LEFT mouse button. The Mouse Pointer starts as an Arrow Pointer but will change depending on which feature you are using. The Arrow Pointer is the default and when your mouse pointer looks like an arrow, you are in selection mode which means you can select an object in the drawing or select a command Icon from the Toolbars. If the Mouse Pointer looks like a cross hair you ARE performing a command. If the Mouse Pointer looks like a cross hair enclosed in a circle, Auto Snap is turned on. When you have Auto Snap turned on, the cursor will snap to a point, line or object within the Target circle so you can draw with precision Auto Snap on/off, select the red magnet icon on top speed bar. The 4-sided arrow allows you to MOVE selected object (s). Small blue boxes are Grips (handles) that allow you to Stretch or Rotate objects. Must be zoomed in close on object to display. To stretch or resize an object such as a car or furniture, you must keep object in the horizontal position as it appears in the symbol library to resize proportionally. Red Rotation Handle is the square and the target is the pivot point. 2

6 OPENING SCREEN OPTIONS: OPEN: Open an existing drawing NEW: Start a new drawing LEARN: Learning center with tutorials, movies, manual, etc. STUDENT EXERCISE: Explore each option on this opening screen: - Start with a NEW drawing: Name Diagram, set Units & Precision. Note: you MUST provide a diagram name to be able to save your work (Starting Tools will be described in more detail in later sections) FILE SAVE LOCATION: Go to UTILITIES pull-down > SETTINGS > PATHS Use Special Folders: If this box at the bottom of the Paths tab is checked then the program will re-direct all diagram program settings, diagrams, and images under My Documents. This feature was designed to work with the growing number of NETWORK systems that are locked down and do not allow the user to save or write to their C drive except for designated areas such as My Documents. This setting Saves work to: C:\Documents and Settings\Your Name\My Documents\My Cad Zone\Diagrams Unchecked saves to: C:\Program Files\CAD Zone\Crash Zone 8\Diagrams or C:\Program Files\CAD Zone\Crime Zone 8\Diagrams Lock All Paths: Check this box to maintain the paths currently set. If un-checked, paths will change to match the path a file was opened from or saved to. Save to Original Folder: allows you to work in other directories not set as defaults. 3

7 FUNDAMENTALS and CONCEPTS to completing a diagram: 1) Use measured data to draw in your scene evidence, buildings and roadways. 2) Place symbols depicting objects and use custom line types 3) Add labels: text and dimensions 4) Add a form or border with scale bar and north arrow 5) Save, Backup work and Print the drawing A SCALED factual diagram provides an accurate representation of the scene that will stand up better in a courtroom and also allows program functions to work optimally. Mapping produces a scaled drawing from which distances and dimensions may be taken. It accurately reflects the spatial relationship between elements shown. Tapes, measuring wheels, hand held lasers for manual measurements and also the more sophisticated lasers and total stations allow you to take numerous measurements in a relatively short time. Sketching provides a rough visual description of the relation between elements, but it does not allow for accurate distances to be taken from the sketch. PROGRAM SETTINGS & TOOLS THAT MAKE DRAWING EASIER: Ortho (Angle Draw), Ortho Trap and Auto Snaps options in speed bar: Ortho Icon looks like a small carpenter s square so you can think of it for drawing straight lines and perfect 90 degree corners and 45 angles. Also holding your shift key temporarily puts into Ortho mode without using the button. Ortho Trap will trap your mouse movement when drawing a line at: 0, 45 or 90 degrees when your mouse gets close (not as restricting as the ortho mode). Auto Snaps Icon looks like a Horseshoe Magnet. It allows precise drawing and measuring to Snap onto a point or exact end of a line. If these Icons are turned on, they will look pressed in and light up a green color. Useful Tips - The following is a list of useful keys on the Keyboard 1.) The ESC key can be used to back-up or back-out when doing a command. Also Double Clicking will end some commands or else use the right click menu. 2.) Pressing the Space Bar will REPEAT the previous CAD Zone command. 4

8 3.) You can point to any Icon on a Toolbar with the mouse pointer for a description tool tip of what command is associated with that icon. 4.) If your cursor seems to disappear when you try to move it then you are in the middle of a command. Clicking the Left Mouse Button or hitting the ESC key a few times will usually get your cursor back and close out the command. 5.) Remember to use the Undo and Redo commands located on the Speed bar if you make a mistake. 6.) Command Line is a yellow line at the bottom left, and is very important since it will prompt you for next steps required for the command and help you learn the program. It also displays Object Properties so if you click on an object and keep your mouse cursor near it, then you can view: length, angle, and layer on the command line. Selecting an object and typing OI (Object Information) also displays object properties for that item. 7.) Angle-Distance and XY Coordinates display dynamically at the bottom right in the yellow bar. You can use this to guide you when drawing lines, moving objects, etc. LEFT-HAND TOOLBOX While all of the commands can be found on the Pull-Down menus, the left-hand toolbox offers a quicker way to select many of the most commonly used commands. The commands found on the toolbox are arranged in Bins or Tool Drawers where there are groups of similar features just as the commands are arranged on the pull-down menus. SELECTING COMMANDS - THREE METHODS you can combine: 1. Left Toolbox and Top Speed Bar Buttons (visual and easy to remember) 2. Pull Down menus (need more steps than using buttons) 3. Typed Keyboard Shortcuts: there are two-letter codes for every command in the program. (Displayed beside the command.) Typed into command line down in the lower left corner of the screen. TIP: For maximum efficiency combine methods such as using buttons and a handful of the 2-letter shortcuts for the most common commands you use. See the end of the manual under Advanced Tips for a list of common shortcuts you an print and keep by your computer. 5

9 Lesson 2: Selecting Objects and Selection Tools To modify objects on screen you need to select the object(s) first. You can click on them using your left mouse button or use your mouse to draw a window box on screen to select multiple objects inside the box. The selected objects will highlight magenta in color to let you know what has been selected. For multiple selections, hold down either the Ctrl or Shift button while using your left mouse to select. Click on a high-lighted object to unselect object when needed. If you forget to pick your object first and select an Edit or Modify command, a Selection Bar similar to this one below may appear prompting you with options on various ways of selecting your object. (It can be a bit confusing when you are starting off, so try to remember to pick the object first before using many of the editing commands): EXERCISE: Open an existing diagram from the sample drawings and perform the following concepts: 1.) To edit (or modify) objects in your drawing, they must first be selected. Click on object or use a drag windows selection method to select objects: - Left to Right window: selects only the objects fully enclosed inside. - Right to Left window selects everything touched inside the window. 2.) When objects are selected they change to a magenta color and they are enclosed in eight blue Handles or Grips. Use handles to stretch the SIZE using the corners to change XY axis proportionally. The side grips stretch in one direction. (Make sure you are zoomed in close enough or they will not appear.) 4.) To ROTATE your object you can use the Red Rotation handle that pivots around the red target point. You can put your mouse on and drag the target (pivot) point to a corner if desired and then this becomes the new pivot point. 5.) When you point to a selected object with the cursor, you will see a four-headed arrow attached to the cursor. When this happens, you can hold down the left mouse button and MOVE the object. Let go left mouse to drop into place. If you need precision when moving an object such as snapping to a point, use the MOVE command found on the Quick Pick tool bar instead. The 2-letter shortcut for this is MV to bring this option up. 6

10 Lesson 3: View Commands There are also several different View commands available in the top speed bar to allow you to maneuver around to work and view your diagram. It is best to be zoomed in closer when you are working in an area to be more precise in what you are doing. EXERCISE: With sample drawing loaded practice the following concepts: Redraw - Cleans up the screen by clearing up any stray marks or reference lines that were left by editing or erasing. Zoom Window - use your mouse to define the area you want a close up of to make object inside appear larger and hide the outside part from view. Zoom to Extents - causes all the objects in your diagram to be displayed on screen. Zoom In/Out - increases or decreases your screen view Zoom Previous - takes you back to the previous view Pan Drawing View- turns your mouse into a Hand to move drawing around your screen. Use the Esc key or select a command to end the pan function. Scroll Bars on side and bottom of screen moves drawing area also NOTE: if you have a MOUSE with a ROLLER WHEEL, you can use the wheel to zoom in and out quickly to where your mouse is on screen. (Previous to version 8.3 zooms in center of screen only). If your mouse does not have this active you can go to your mouse settings in Control Panel and activate it for the CAD Zone program you are using. CAD ZONE S TOOL DRAWERS or TOOL BINS: EACH CONTAINS A SET OF TOOLS 7

11 QUICKPICK MENU Provides most of your commonly used commands in one menu allowing you to draw more efficiently: EACH ONE WILL BE EXPAINED LATER IN THE IN FOLLOWING SECTIONS. Lesson 4: Auto Snaps Auto Snaps Icon looks like a horse-shoe shaped Magnet. This feature allows you to draw with exact precision by attaching line work to existing lines and points. Used also for correct dimensioning to Snap onto a point or exact end of a line. Snaps are also very important when doing 3D work to apply your Z elevation to lines and points. You can always know when Auto Snaps is ON, the cursor will be a cross-hair enclosed in a circle. When Auto Snaps is off, there will be no circle. With Auto Snaps turned On, a snap is performed if there is any part of the object inside the target cursor (circle). If there is no endpoint or object within the Auto Snaps cursor, the point is placed at the cursor location without snapping. EXERCISE: Continue with same Road 1 drawing. Make sure that the Ortho draw Icon is turned off so you can move mouse freely again. Use the Single Line command to create two separate lines aligned horizontally across from each other with space between them as shown below: 1. Turn-on the Auto Snap function. 8

12 2. Use Single Line command again. Click on one end of the line making sure the end is inside the Auto Snaps Target, and then click on other line to join them. 3. The line should now looks like it is one solid line, however, it is three separate lines connected together to form one line. Left click in different parts of the line to see the selection handles surround the different sections of the line. Note: there are some advanced snap options in the Draw/Snaps/Hatch tool bin that include snapping to: mid-point, center of a circle, perpendicular, etc. Lesson 5: Drawing Basic Objects Drawing commands There are basic drawing commands included in the program for manually drawing lines, circles, boxes, curves, arcs, double lines plus leaders (straight and curved) for labeling. EXERCISE: 1. Select the 2- Point Rectangle command from the left-hand Quick Pick toolbox. 2. Click first point on screen. Now look to the lower left yellow command line that prompts you to define the second point of the rectangle. 3. The distance read-out (X and Y measurement at bottom right) to see how far you have moved your cursor, so you know how large to make the rectangle. The X measurement is the horizontal distance and the Y measurement is the vertical distance you have moved since the last click. You will quickly see that with this method it takes a very steady hand to create an object to an exact size. Next, let s look at some easier ways to draw a rectangle and other objects easily and more accurately. Direct Distance Method Draw objects to exact measurements is to use the Direct-Distance method: 1. Select the two-point rectangle command off Quick Pick Menu. 2. Click once to place the lower left-hand corner of the rectangle. 3. On the keyboard, type the width of the rectangle, a comma, and then the height. 4. Press the Enter key and the rectangle will then be drawn with the exact measurements you entered. < This is an example of typing 10,30 so you get a 10 x 30 rectangle 9

13 You can also use this method to draw other basic objects, like single line segments, continuous lines, circles, etc. For a line, you simply select the Single or Continuous Line command, click on screen for the start point, move the cursor in the direction you wish (see lower right yellow line to display your angle) once satisfied type in the length of the line on the keyboard. press Enter to complete command. Another option is a Single line Vector: Click a start point then type: length,<angle. (i.e. 56,<34). Note that zero degrees is west & north is 90 degrees in the program. EXERCISE: use each command for assorted lines, circle, spline, arc and leaders. Lesson 6: Ortho Angle Draw Ortho is an abbreviation for orthogonal, meaning at right angles or perpendicular. Much of your work consists of drawing lines, placing objects and text in exactly horizontal, vertical or diagonal directions. To make this easier, the system provides three Icon tools that restrict the cursor movement: Using Ortho (Angle Draw): The Ortho Icon is on the Angle Bar and looks like a carpenter s square for restricted 0 and 90 degree movement and to the right is the Angle 45 Icon. You turn Angle Draw ON by selecting either the Angle 0 or the Angle 45 Icon; they will display a green background and will constrain the movement of the cursor. EXERCISES: 1. Select the Angle 90 Icon so the cursor will only move in a horizontal or vertical direction. (Note: you can turn this function on/off during a drawing command.) 2. Select the Continuous Line command which will allow you to draw a series of connected straight lines. 3. The point where you first click with the mouse pointer on your drawing area is the point from which you can either move the cursor horizontally or vertically to define the direction you want to draw your lines. 4. After you click your starting point, move your mouse up/down or to one side and you will see the line work rubber band as a green guide line. Click mouse to define the end points and direction to draw a series of lines or a shape. 5. Remember the Undo Last Operation Icon and the Redo Icons if you made an error and need to go back. 6. Select the Angle 45 Icon and use the line command to draw two diagonal lines. 7. Turn-off all the Ortho off and draw a single line. When Angle Draw is turned off, you can see that the cursor can be moved in any direction freely. You can use the Angle Draw features to help draw, place or move items in a straight line. Also very useful when placing text in your diagrams so it will appear nice and straight. TIP: you can also use the "Cntrl" key to fix the cursor in X and Y axis travel. 10

14 Lesson 7: Easy Lines You can also use the Easy Lines method to draw lines to precise measurements for walls of a building, vectors to show angle of departure, etc. In Normal Mode Easy Lines lets you draw a continuous line by entering a direction and distance for each one. There are 3 MODES: Normal, Baseline and Triangulation, with any of them you must first click the bulls-eye start button to pick your starting point. For this exercise we will just us the Normal Mode that allows an Angle-Distance input. (We will cover the Baseline and Triangulation options in a later section.) The angle and distance input can be input on either your keyboard or use the built in keypad and your mouse. EXERCISE: 1. Open NEW drawing and name it: House 1. (Units set to feet & inches, precision 0) 2. Bring up the Easy Lines tool button by selecting it from the left-hand toolbox 3. Check it is in Normal Mode 4. To establish the starting point, click on the Bulls-Eye icon in the center of the Easy Lines toolbox 5. Click near in the lower left of the screen for the starting point of the first line. 6. Click on the up (N) direction arrow on the Easy Lines Toolbox. 7. Click 34 2 on the numeric keypad on the toolbox. 8. Click on the Line draw button in the lower-left of the toolbox and a line is drawn vertically on the screen that is 34 2 long. (Remember the drawing is to scale). 11

15 9. Now Click the right (E) arrow to establish a new direction and type the length for the next line, 37 1 in this example shown on following page. You can continue to draw connected lines as if you were measuring around an entire building this way as shown in this example: Easy Lines Exercise You can use any of the View or Scroll Bar commands while you are drawing lines so you can move around where you are working. If you wish to start drawing lines or markers from a new starting pointing, click on the Bull s Eye icon in the middle of the angle arrows. This allows you to select a new Start Point for the next line segment. If the angle of a line you wish to draw is not represented by one of the arrow keys, simply click once inside the Angle box A on the toolbox and then enter the desired angle from the numeric keypad (or your regular keyboard). Once you click inside the Angle or Distance box, select the C button on the toolbox to Clear the value that is currently displayed in that box. 12

16 The undo arrow back arrow removes the last entry. The R button repeats the same angle and distance as previously entered. Select various starting points by clicking the Bulls-Eye then pick direction and distance but this time use the red markers to show where walls and windows will be added later as shown in the drawing example below. We will add doors and other features in later. Click the Back button to EXIT this routine done. Be sure to SAVE your diagram! Click the diskette icon on the speed bar. GRIDS as a drawing tool (located in the VIEW toolbox) GRIDS behave like electronic graph paper with snap setting to draw exactly to the points on the grid. It offers a fast way sketch a building layout, room, parking lot, or other items with 90 degree corners. Several grid spacing options such as 1 to 10 are offered. Turn OFF when finished using. TIP: Don t count the grid dots instead use the Angle-Distance shown at the bottom right to count for you to achieve desired measurements. 13

17 Lesson 8: Easy Intersection EASY INTERSECTION: Automated Intersection Builder The Easy Intersection wizard allows you to create simple or complex intersections easily and quickly using this preview building screen then placing on the screen: Letters Reference to sections in the above diagram: A. Intersection drawing area preview B. Street selection check boxes with number of lanes (click to increase/decrease) C. Template guides (starting template format) D. Lane Properties (width and line type) E. Roadway Features (adding details shown) F. Street length slide bar, Options (settings) and Place (inserts onto drawing screen). Easy Intersection Basics: 1) Each section of an intersection is referred to as a Street. The Interstate signs with numbers denote each of the streets. 2) Each Street is comprised of Lanes. 3) Whenever you ve selected a Lane on a street, the interstate sign with that street number will be displayed in the Properties heading. 4) Click on a Lane and add any of the Features to it by checking the one or more of the Feature boxes. 14

18 Quick Steps: 1) Start off with one of the Pre-Built templates from the templates on the right side. 2) Change the rotation of a street moving your cursor while clicking on and holding down the red rotate handle. 3) Click on a lane to select it. When selected, a lane will be highlighted green with a pink highlight on the associated lane line. The correct lane and lane line will be selected in the 'Properties' area of the dialog. There, you can change the lane width and line type. 4) Further modify the selected lane by checking the appropriate item from 'Features' area of the dialog. Features include turn bays, medians, turn outs, roundabouts, street names, crosswalks, bypasses, driveways, turn arrows, etc.. Features can be moved inside the lane with your cursor by clicking and holding down the blue rotate handle at the top of the lane. 5) When the intersection is complete, click on the Place button to place it in the drawing. Tips & Help: 1.) USE THE? at the TOP right for a complete users tutorial for this function. Read the yellow tool tips bar at top when you use the round handles: 2) Clicking on the Crosswalk or Bypasses located left of the word will turn all four crosswalks or bypasses on or off depending on the current state: 3) Holding down the Shift key while dragging the light blue bypass handles will scale all the bypasses equally and simultaneously. 4) All Features (turn lane, turn arrows, etc. placed in a lane can be moved back away from the intersection by grabbing the Blue Move Handle in the selected lane: 15

19 5) Features: Lane features such as bus turn outs, right-turn bays, stop bars, etc can be set for each individual line in a road segment. Select the lane to be edited by clicking it on the preview window. The lane is highlighted green, and features added to them by checkmarking the desired option from the feature list located in the lower-left of the toolbox. Options: used to change Lane, Crosswalk, Turn Bay, Bus Turnout and Driveway settings Using Easy Intersection: 1. Select Easy Intersection from the Left-Hand Toolbox. 2. Build the intersection you want to place in the diagram by selecting a general starting Intersection Template on right side. 3. Click the arrows to increase or decrease the number of lanes in each segment: Check-mark the interstate sign icons to turn a selected road segment ON or OFF. Set Lane widths and line types click on lane segment and edit on top left: 4. Street Length slider to increase/decrease overall length. 16

20 5. Click and hold on the red rotate handle to adjust the angle of a section (angle displays): Lane Shift feature: Adding turn lane/lane shift: Crosswalks: clicking and dragging the center yellow handle moves all of the Crosswalks further in or out of the intersection simultaneously. Dragging the individual crosswalk handles allows you to adjust the ends of individual crosswalks. The program gives you the option of either SOLID or STRIPED cross walks: 17

21 Single bypass island sizing: Driveway feature (options have setback setting): Adding Pavement markings- once placed select lane and use blue grip to set back: 6. PLACING AND SAVING: when satisfied then click on the Place button to place the intersection on the drawing screen. At this point you can manually edit and add more details and change line types, add your symbols, buildings, text, and dimensions. You can use the Window Stretch command to extend a segment of the intersection. Use the OFFSET command to add sidewalks or shoulders. NOTE: once you placed the intersection you can only perform manual revisions. If you find you made an error, right away use the UNDO button to deleted placed intersection and reopen Easy Intersection which saves your last settings while in the same drawing session. If you close the program, Easy Intersection resets itself. You can save your intersections also in the Easy Intersection dialog also use the Save diskette button and open with the Folder option. 18

22 Creating Intersections (Photo to Finish) Photo of Intersection ( T with school crossing): T with school crossing created in the Easy Intersection dialog: STEPS: 1) Established a T intersection by turning on only streets 5, 7, and 1. 2) The lanes are wide in this neighborhood, so open the Options dialog and set the Default Lane Width (15 ). 3) For the driveway into the school parking lot use the Bus Turn Out feature. In Options set the Bus Turnout settings Distance to Intersection (0 ), Opening Length (20 ), Curb Length (20 ), and Width (5 ). 4) Select the first lane of street 5 and add a Bus Turn Out and Stop Bar. 5) Following the photo, add striped crosswalks to streets 7 and 1. 6) Change the lane line type of street 1 to a double center line from Properties. 7) Street 2 has no centerline, so make it a single lane with a width of 30. 8) Place intersection on the drawing screen. Deleted the line of the opening into the school parking lot. 19

23 Finished intersection placed on drawing screen. Photo of Intersection (4 Way with Bypasses): 20

24 Lesson 9: Easy Street Automated Offsets Ideal for a Curved or Straight Section of Road 1.) First draw a curved line that will depict one side or else the center line of the road you plan to draw using the Spline Curve line draw command. 2.) Select the curved line so it highlights magenta. 3.) Next click the Easy Street button from the Quick Pick menu dialog as show below. 4.) Set the number of lanes by checking box, set widths (double click on width) and line types (pull down appears beside each row with line type). 5.) When satisfied with the preview at top, click Apply which will add parallel offsets to your curved line on the drawing screen as shown below: This command will recalculate the radius for you with each offset! You can add a curved section going into an Easy Intersection segment with this tool. Trouble Shooting Tip: If your results do not come in similar to example above such as lines overlap, it means that you have drawn your main line too short or made the curves too sharp that they do not reflect true scaled road dimensions. 21

25 Lesson 10: EZ Body Poser and Bodies tools 3D Body Poser Body Poser is a complete tool for creating and posing realistic 3D bodies in your diagrams. The Body Poser toolbox allows you to automatically create and pose a body by selecting pre-set options and then manipulating a wire frame stick-figure to position it. When finished, a realistic 2D plan view of the posed body is placed in the diagram. A 3D body reflecting the 2D pose appears when the 3D Viewer is opened. Additionally, any body placed in the diagram can be further edited by selecting it in the 2D view and then click the EZ Body Poser toolbox or select the body and right click and select EZ Body Poser from the list. This feature allows you to adjust an existing body symbol without having to create and place a new one. Once finished, clicking the Place button updates the selected body in the drawing to the new pose. Features on the Body Poser Toolbox Properties: Properties are used to define the body s gender, height, and build (including skeletal). Other features that can be modified include skin tone and clothes color for pants, shirts, shoes, and gloves. Gender: Click to choose either Male or Female Height: Click the arrow buttons to increase or decrease the height of the body in feet and inch increments. Build: Choose from one of the four available body builds 22

26 Skin Tone: Use skin tones to add color to bodies created in both Body Poser and based on actual skin tones. Click a color on the palette, and the color is applied to the model in the 3D preview window. (Note: To add skin tone to a body created with the original Bodies toolbox, select it in the 2D view and then edit properties and choose a skin tone from the color palette (colors #134 to 143). Color Palettes: Use these color palettes to show the type and color of clothes, shoes and gloves found on the body. Choose a color from the drop-down color palette menu to apply color to the model in the 3D preview window. Note: Changing the color of different body parts is used to represent clothes. No actual clothes are placed onto the body and only the surface color changes except in the case of shoes. When shoes are selected the feet are replaced with a generic shoe. Basic Poses: Click the icons to choose from fourteen different pre-posed bodies. (Standing, lying on side, walking, running, sitting, driving, face up, face down, etc.) Chose position closest to the one you need to load into the preview window, allowing you to modify and then place in diagram. Turn: The Turn feature allows you to rotate the head or hands using a slide control. Click the drop-down menu and choose which body part to rotate; the head, the left hand, or right hand. Use the slider bar and see position move in the 3D view window. Elevation: Use this feature to elevate the body above the ground plane in 3D. For example, you may want to elevate the body to show it climbing stairs, a ladder, or positioned on a balcony or on furniture. Use the up and down arrows to enter a value in 6 inch increments or click in the field, type a value, and press Enter. (or use 3D Builder button to elevate after symbol is placed in diagram.) Custom Poses: This feature allows you to open and save custom poses that you created with Body Poser. Once you create a body, you can assign a name and save it to the Custom Poses list and use it again later. View Windows: Three 2D views panels display the body as a stick figure with green control points at the joints used for rotating the body segments. A fourth panel displays the body in 3D as it appears with features and options selected. 23

27 To pose a limb, position the mouse pointer on any of the stick figure s green control handles in any of the three 2D windows. Hold down the mouse button and drag your mouse to reposition the limb at the selected joint. When a handle is selected, it turns dark blue, and your mouse changes to a four-way arrow. Additionally the selected handle s description appears (example: Right Elbow) in the yellow prompt line at the top of each 2D panel. This is very helpful if the control points are close together and it is difficult to see which one is selected. The selected handle is also highlighted in the other two view windows, allowing you to easily track the changes in the model between the different views. Sometimes nodes may appear on top of each other in a 2D view, making it difficult to select the one that you want. Holding down the Control key (Ctrl) on your keyboard while selecting a node in one view allows you to keep that node selected and move between different 2D windows without reselecting it. Drag the red triangle handle in the center of each pose view to Pivot the entire body. Press the Escape key (Esc) on your keyboard to undo a limb back to its previous position while you re in the process of moving it; you must continue holding your mouse on the selected handle, and press Escape without letting up on the mouse key. 3D CONTROLS located on lower right sidebar of Easy Body Poser: Flip: Use this button to create a mirror image of the body when using a side view, walking, or sitting body. For example, the walking body switches from right to left leg forward. Snapshot: Use the Snapshot command to take a photo of the current 3D body pose. The snapshots are saved as jpg files in the Snapshots folder on your hard disk. Zooms: Change your view in the 3D preview screen using the Zoom In & Out. Options: Render Display - these settings affect how the 3D model of the body is displayed and the majority of users will just stay with the program default. 24

28 Place Body. Click to place the posed body once you have selected all the options and are ready to place the body in the diagram. Close: Closes the Body Poser Dialog toolbox. << Use the? at the top right of the Easy Body Poser dialog screen to bring up the help documentation for using Body Poser. Placing a body with Body Poser - EXERCISE 1. Open EZ Body Poser from the Quick Pick menu 2. Pick the Face Up icon from the pre-posed body icons. A preview of the Face Up body appears in the Body Poser toolbox. 4. Pose the body by positioning your mouse pointer on one of the green nodes and dragging it to a new position. In this example the right-leg and right-arm were repositioned. 5. Select a Skin Tone from the drop-down color palette: 6. Choose the short-sleeve shirt and select a color from the drop-down color palette. 7. Choose the long-leg pants option and select a color. 25

29 8. Choose the shoes option and select a color. 9. Rotate the head to the right by selecting Head from the Turn drop-down menu and moving the selection slider to the right. 10. Click the Place button to close the Body Poser toolbox and move the mouse pointer into the drawing window. The mouse pointer appears with the posed body symbol attached to it. Bodies are placed by clicking two points in the diagram, just like placing symbols. 11. Click to set the body s anchor point. Move the mouse to rotate the body to the desired position and click again to finish placing it in your 2D drawing screen. 12. Click the 3D viewer icon located on the Speed bar to view in 3D. If needed, modify the body after placement by selecting it, and re-opening Body Poser. The selected body appears in Body Poser allowing you to modify it. When finished, click the Place button to automatically update the selected body in the diagram. Click the BODIES icon from the Quick Pick tool box to bring up the Bodies Dialog box. It allows you to place a person/body in a drawing and select: gender, height, build type, and position. This was the original body poser before the new 3D EZ Body Poser making this one almost obsolete. It is useful for DISMEMBERED bodies since the parts are easy to move separately. - Once the body is placed you can modify the position and edit color which will carry over to the 3D view also. - to bend an arm, leg, etc. select part(s) using shift and left mouse to pick them all. Move the pivot point to a joint area then use the rotate handle to rotate into place. You can remove or swap parts between body symbols too. (There are also some pre-posed bodies in the Symbols directory.) 26

30 Lesson 11: Easy Stairs & Ramps Easy Stairs is an easy-to-use tool for building stairs, ladders, and ramps in 2D and 3D. Five pre-drawn templates are provided to help you quickly get started. Choose between creating stairs or convert them to ramps, with just one click. Create accurate stairs by entering values for rise, tread and width of the steps, as well as the height and length of the stair case. Landings and different Railing types can be easily added with one just one mouse click. Once the stairs are placed in the drawing, you may explode and modify them; the changes will appear in 3D without losing its 3D properties. To accurately create a diagram and 3D model of a stairway, you must have several measurements, including riser (individual step height), tread (individual step depth), step width, and the number of steps. Alternative, you could measure the overall height and length and let the program calculate the measurements for the individual steps. These diagrams show the different measurements as they are called in the Easy Stairs toolbox. Features on the Easy Stairs Toolbox Templates: Click the icons to choose the type of stairway: Single stairs, Up/Down stairs, Double Landing (L-shaped), Ladder, or Spiral. Once a template is selected, it is displayed in the preview box allowing you to modify or place it in the diagram. Stairs and Ramp Checkboxes: Select a template to display it in the preview windows. Change between creating stairs or a ramp by marking either the Stair or Ramp option. You can use the arrow buttons or click in any of these fields and type a value. After typing a value, press the Enter key to update the information. 27

31 Stairs #1: When building a double staircase with a landing between, click the arrow buttons to increase or decrease the number of stairs contained in section 1. Stairs #2: Use the arrow buttons to increase or decrease the number of stairs contained in section 2. Preview Windows: The plan (top) and 3D preview windows display the stairs and modifications as you make them. You can place your cursor in the 3D preview window and drag the mouse to adjust the view of the 3D model. << Use the? at the top right of the Easy Stairs and Ramps dialog screen to bring up the complete Help documentation and examples for using this tool. Creating a stairway with the Easy Stairs toolbox - EXERCISE 1. Open Easy Stairs and Ramps from the Quick Pick menu. 2. Click the Double Landing icon from the template icons. 3. Enter riser, tread, and width values for the steps. Either use the up/down arrow buttons, or type a value in each field and press enter. 4. Enter a value for the number of steps in each section of the stairway in the Stairs #1 and Stairs #2 fields. 5. Click the down-arrow to display the color menu; choose a color for the stairs. 6. Add railings from the Features section of the dialog and assign height. 28

32 7. Use the pre-set view icons or use your mouse to drag the 3D preview to show different views of the stairs. 8. Click the Place button to close the Easy Stairs toolbox and move the mouse pointer into the drawing window. 9. Click the left-mouse button to set the symbol s anchor point. Move the mouse to rotate the symbol to the desired rotation and click again to finish placing the symbol. 10. Click the 3D viewer icon located on the Speed bar to view the stairs in 3D. 29

33 Lesson 12: Easy Builder & Auto-dimensions This toolbox lets you select a basic building shape and enter the length of each wall. You can even select to automatically dimension the sides of the building and place text. EXERCISE: 1. Continuing with the same drawing file Road 1 : 2. Select the Easy Builder icon from the left-hand toolbox. 3. Select a building shape. 4. To specify the length of the walls, you can either enter measurements in the text entry boxes or use the mouse in the preview window to drag the walls to a new size. 5. Click the Mirror and Rotate buttons on the right side of the toolbox to adjust the orientation of the building. 6. You can automatically dimension all of the walls by checking the Auto Dimension box in the lower-left of the toolbox. Click the big or small letter A button to change the size of the text. 7. When the building looks exactly the way you want it, click the Place Building button and click in the diagram where you want it. Save drawing. Faster alternate building foot print drawing method: turn on the Ortho 90 angle on, click on Continuous Line command, click first starting point. Then use mouse to point direction and then type distance, continue going around, point and type distance until all walls done. 30

34 Lesson 13: Doors & Windows CAD Zone programs feature specialized tools for placing doors, windows and openings in walls. Use this tool to snap the door, window or an opening exactly onto the wall in 2D and also 3D if desired. EXERCISE: 1. Continue with previous building shape. Open the Doors and Windows toolbox. 2. Click button for Place Door, near the bottom of the toolbox. 3. Click the up or down arrow to set the door width or type in a value. 4. Similarly, enter values for the height and footer height or the door. (These values are only used if you plan to view your diagram in 3D). 5. Select the Place button. 6. Click first on the desired wall to select it. 7. Click again to show the hinge point. 8. Move the cursor across the wall to see how it affects the door swing. When you like the swing, Click to finish it. 9. To remove a door, window, or opening placed with this tool, click the Remove and Repair button at the bottom of the toolbox, and then click on the item to remove. To place a window, you just repeat the above steps but select the Place Window button. Similarly, select the Place Opening button to place an opening in a wall. You can use this option to make a door opening and then use one of the DOOR symbols if you want a precise position and color. As you are using these features, look at the message bar at the bottom of the screen for instructions on what to do next.. EXERCISE: Return to House 1 drawing. Now place doors and windows and draw in walls. 31

35 Lesson 14: Adding & Editing TEXT The Quick TEXT feature is used to label objects and place text in the diagram. It lets you adjust the height, center it, make it bold, repeat and add an arrow leader. 1. Select the Quick TEXT command ( Floating Toolbox can be moved on screen.) 2. Enter the desired text in the text entry box or click on one of the pre-defined labels to place it. (You can add/remove labels to customize your frequently used text list.) 3. Move the cursor back into the drawing window to see an outline box showing the preview size of the text. To adjust its size, repeatedly click the big A or small A buttons on the toolbox. 4. Click once to anchor the text, move the cursor to rotate it to the desired angle, click again to finish it. Turn Ortho Angle 0 on for horizontal or vertical placement. 5. Turn on Show Arrow to place a leader and add text with a leader. 6. Turn on Repeat if you want to place the same text in several locations. To EDIT TEXT that has already been placed: - click to select text, and then select the Edit command on the left-hand toolbar. The text is shown in the Text Edit screen so it can now be edited be sure to click OK to complete and apply the changes. EXERCISE: Placing & Editing Text on House 1 drawing from earlier exercise: Use the Quick Label command to place text in the diagram. Practice with some horizontal and some rotated. Save your Drawing! 32

36 Using Bubble Text: The Diagram Program allows you to place Bubble Text markers to draw attention to witness, sample, photo, evidence, and other items located in your diagram The Bubble Text command is found on the left-hand toolbox of the Quick Pick menu. Clicking a marker icon displays it in the preview window where it can be edited. Clicking on the Larger and Smaller text icons changes the text height. The color of the bubble may be changed using the Color Palette button. You are also given the option to bold and to add Arrow leaders to point at a specific object or point in the diagram. EXERCISE 1. Select the Bubble Text command from the left-hand toolbox. 2. When the Bubble Text toolbox appears, select the desired bubble type. 3. Click on the arrow buttons to enter the number (or click in the text field and type in the numbers). 4. Move your mouse pointer into the Drawing Screen and click the left-mouse button to place the tip of the arrow of the bubble label. 5. Move your mouse pointer to position the bubble text to the desired location. As long as the bubble label dialog box is displayed you can continue to place additional bubbles. Click close to finish placing bubbles. Tip: Like all floating toolboxes you can drag the bubble label toolbox out of the way if you need to. 33

37 Lesson 15: Dimensions The Quick Dimension tool lets you place a dimension between any points on which you click or snap. You can also use the single-click mode to quickly dimension lines such as the walls of a building. The program measures the objects and generates the dimension value for you automatically. This is why it is very important that you make your drawing to scale. EXERCISE: If you are dimensioning to existing points, like the corner points of the walls of a building, make sure Auto-snap is on and set Unit precision to number of decimal places desired. 1. Select the Quick Dimension command from the left-hand toolbox. 2. Click on the first point of the object to dimension; click again on the second point. When dimensioning a wall, be sure to snap exactly to the corner points. 3. Move the cursor away from the wall and notice an outline of the dimension. 4. Click the big A or small A buttons on the toolbox to adjust the text height. 5. Click a final time to position the dimension text and dimension lines. 6. Continue to place dimensions in this manner by clicking on two new points. Also try the single click mode to dimension any line by just clicking once anywhere along the line. 7. Once a dimension is placed in the diagram, it can easily be changed. First Click on the dimension to select it and then either use right click menu selections or select the Edit command from the left-hand toolbar for Text Edit option box. Select any of the options to adjust the position, size, etc. and even font and color if you look in the More Settings. TIP: the Slide Text feature allows you to move it outside of the dimension lines which can be very helpful in situations where there is not enough space. Click OK to finish the changes. Tip: When you place a dimension the program calculates the distance between the points exactly the distance it was drawn. Occasionally you may want to overwrite this or add a text note; this can be done by typing in the display area of the Text dialog box. To Display length, angles, and other properties of Lines, Splines and Arcs: if you click on a line, curve or spline and then move your mouse slightly the length appears on the yellow command line lower left. Or else select and then type "oi" for Object Info. A dialog appears with all the information for the lines, splines, arcs, shapes, etc. 34

38 Lesson 16: Placing Symbols The program includes a large number of pre-drawn symbols and several options to help you quickly place symbols in your diagram. You can scale symbols and set color. Click on Symbols on the left-hand toolbox. This brings up the Symbol Manager. Select from one of the Symbol Groups using the pull-down arrow at the top of the toolbox. These symbol groups include: Crash, Crime, Marine and My Symbols The named buttons at the top of the toolbox represent the various Symbol categories: Quick Pick, Landscape, Bodies, Vehicles, etc. and some have sub-categories below containing groups of symbols that you can see in the preview. (Note: you can create your own symbols and even add your own library name using Windows file explorer in this directory: C:\Program Files\CAD Zone\Crash or Crime Zone 7\Symbols Inserting Symbols: Click once on one of the symbols shown in the symbol menu: 1. Move your cursor into the drawing window area and notice a preview of the symbol is attached to the cursor. (You do not have to keep holding down the mouse button.) 2. Each symbol needs TWO clicks to place them. The first mouse click is the Pivot or the Anchor Point where it inserts; the second mouse click allows you to Rotate about the pivot point so you can place the symbol at the desired angle. Once you select a symbol from the Symbol Manager, there are also several options offered that allow you make changes upon placement: To change a symbol s Color, select it from the Symbol Manager and click the color palette button at the bottom of the toolbox. (Use the EDIT command to change after if has been placed in drawing.) The Mirror buttons flip the symbol - try this with a non-symmetrical shape. All the symbols represented real life scale but occasionally you may need to modify. To change a symbol s size as you insert it, click the Dynamic Symbol Scale button on the bottom. Click in the drawing to anchor the symbol then move the cursor and you will see it scale dynamically as you move your mouse. Click when it is the desired size. For vehicles it corresponds to rear wheel center and corresponding front wheel center. Using this tool you can have the correct placement and wheel base on your vehicle in just 2 clicks! Use the snaps if you have 2 measured points as reference. Most symbols are a collection of objects such as lines, arcs, text, etc. that are grouped together into one object making it easy to move or rotate. The dynamite button or Explode reduces symbols to individual lines and also makes your 3D objects into flat 2D. Semi trailer-truck units can be exploded and moved individually without making them 2D. 35

39 EXERCISE Placing Symbols 1.) Practice by placing several symbols in the House 1 diagram to show furniture, bodies, North arrow, trees, and so on. (SEE top of pg. 23 for some ideas but experiment and use some of your own ideas from cases you may have worked on.) 2.) Practice rotating symbols, snap some into place on a wall (like cabinets), and use Dynamic Symbol Scale to change a symbol s size on placement. You should also practice moving symbols that do not get placed perfectly the first time. 3.) Use Auto-snap to place a symbol that is attached to a wall at two points, like a door or window. 4.) Place a Vehicle outside the house. You will note that it snaps to the rear passenger axel to place it and the second placement point is the front corresponding axel. This is a very useful feature if you have to measured points that you can snap to in order to accurately place the vehicle. Use the Dynamic scale to make the wheel base a bit longer the mirror command allows you to snap to the driver s side axels. Save your diagram! Symbol Placement Exercise Ideas: 36

40 Lesson 17: Editing Options QUICK PICK EDITING commands BREAK: allows you to erase a section of a line or object This command can be useful when drawing intersections, driveway, merging lanes, etc. EXERCISE: to create a Break in a line 1.) Use an existing drawing or start new drawing that has some line work 2.) Select a line, then go to the Left-hand Quick Pick Toolbar and select the Break Icon. (Follow the instruction in the message bar too.) 3.) Click the mouse pointer on the line where you want the break to begin. The break will start at the point closest to the place you point. The mouse pointer cross-hair must touch the line. 4.) Move your mouse pointer along the line and a dynamic preview of the break (line erasing) follows the cursor movement. 5.) Click on the line where you want the break to end. You now have two lines. TRIM & EXTEND: lengthen or shorten lines precisely to other lines You can use this command to trim or extend lines, continuous lines, arcs, and curves. For example, when creating a building or intersection you can trim or extend a line that represents one side so it connects precisely to another. EXERCISE: Using Trim & Extend command Use the Single Line command and draw 4 single lines (about each) to form a box shape. When drawing the box, make 2 of the corners overlap and 2 of them too short (not connected). 1. From Left-hand Quick Pick Toolbox, select the Trim & Extend Icon. 2. To trim two lines so they match precisely, first select the line that needs to be trimmed (too long) or extended (too short). 3. Next, select the line to which you want to trim/extend the first line to meet. 4. Perform this process for each corner of the box. FILLET: make a curve between 2 points (defined radius) EXERCISE: using Fillet command Use the Fillet command to create rounded corners between lines, arcs, and rectangles. (Continue to use the box drawn in the previous step to perform this exercise). 1. To fillet two objects: from Left-hand Quick Pick Toolbox, select the Fillet Icon 37

41 2. The Fillet Settings Bar pops-up below your speed bar just above your drawing area so you can type in the precise radius for your fillet curve. 3. Enter 10 in the Fillet Radius text box to set to make a 10 foot radius fillet. 4. Click the first line to be filleted. 5. Click the second line to be filleted. 6. Move your cursor around the area and notice the preview of the fillet arc moves to give you different placement options. 7. Click when the preview fillet arc is in the correct location. 8. The filleted objects will be trimmed automatically to meet the fillet arc exactly at the tangent points. TIP: you can set the radius to 0 (zero) to make 2 straight lines meet. Much faster and easier than using the trim/extend option! OFFSET: to make a parallel copy or double up lines Use the Offset command to make parallel copies of: single lines, continuous lines, polygons, curves, circles, arcs, or ellipses. Applications can be for making double walls or adding sidewalks, extra road lane, etc. EXERCISE: Using Offset command 1. Draw a line on your drawing which will be the base for the drawing additional parallel lines. 2. From Left-hand Quick Pick Toolbox, select the Offset Icon. A Settings Bar will appear below the top Speed bar. It displays an Offset distance box that contains a value and a check-box labeled Fixed distance. 3. If the Fixed Distance check-box is checked, this will be the offset distance between the original object and the new, parallel object. Click either side. 4. If more than one object is selected to be offset, a fixed offset distance must be entered, i.e. there is no rubber banding preview as with single objects. 5. If the Fixed Distance box is not checked, the parallel object moves freely as you move the cursor, and the distance between the two objects is dynamically displayed in the Offset distance box as you move your cursor. 6. When the parallel object is in the desired location, click to place it. If you wish to repeat this process, press the Space Bar to repeat previous commands. STRETCH: select object to lengthen or shorten Use the Stretch command to lengthen a roadway or building. Can also be useful for depicting crush damage on and exploded vehicle symbol. (Cannot be used on unexploded 3D symbols, use handles on those instead.) 38

42 EXERCISE: Using Stretch command: 1.) Use EASY INTERSECTION to draw a simple intersection and place in you current drawing. 2.) From Left-hand Quick Pick Toolbox, select the Window Stretch Icon. Then drag a stretch window on one end of the roadway that encloses the lines (one end) on the intersection that we want to shortened or lengthen out. 3.) Click to define a starting reference point such as the end of the centerline. 4.) Click outward to place an ending reference point (use the Ortho0 to make it straight). Watch the bottom right command line for movement distance or simply type in a value such as 75 to add exactly 75. MOVE: allows you to move objects precisely using snaps EXERCISE: using Move command 1.) Select the object(s) you wish to move. 2.) From the left hand Quick Pick tool box choose the Move command icon. 3.) Click to a reference point that defines where selected objects are moved from. 4.) Then Click a point to define where selection will be moved to. To move the objects to an exact location, be sure to use a Snap command. Tip: You can also move objects without selecting a command by using a mouse method 4-sided arrow but this does not let you use snaps so it is less precise. COPY: makes one or multiple copies of a selected item(s) EXERCISE: using Quick Copy command 1.) Select the object(s) you wish to copy. 2.) From the left hand Quick Pick tool box choose the Copy command icon. 3.) Click or snap to a reference point that will define where selection copied from. 4.) Move mouse to where you want to place and click. You can use snaps or Ortho angle for precision. You should see a ghost outline of the copies which provides a dynamic preview of where the copies will be placed. 5. ) use Esc or Double click to end this command Tip: Like other Windows based programs, you can also use the copy/paste icons on the top speed bar (or keyboard Ctrl C and Ctrl V commands) to copy objects within you drawing, between 2 open drawings or even into a Word document. DELETE: erases object(s) selected When this command is selected it performs the same function as the Delete key on your keyboard; use the Delete (or Erase) command to delete unwanted objects. 39

43 To delete objects from your drawing: 1. Select the objects to be deleted. 2. Choose the Delete command from the left Quick Pick toolbox. 3.) Object will be deleted. Tip: Like other drawing and editing commands, Erase is reversible. To restore an item or selection that has been erased, click the Undo button on the top Speed Bar. EDIT: change Color, Layer, line type, width or Edit Text & Dimensions EXERCISES: 1.) Select the object(s) to be modified. 2.) Choose the Edit command from the left Quick Pick toolbox. 3.) Depending on the selected object you will get different options: - For T EXT: it brings us the Text Edit dialog options - for DIMENSIONS: it brings up the Dimension Edit dialog - for LINES and SHAPES you get the following option bar selections: - for SYMBOLS you will get the following options below: Important tip: If using either of the 2 above option bars for changes, you must click OK when competed or the changes will not be made. ALTERNATE EDITING FEATURE: ENTITY PROPERTIES button on top speed bar: < DISPLAYS the current layer, line color & line settings. This button ALSO lets you EDIT properties for selected object(s) on screen. Click the OK to save new setting. ( Norm is a Reset button for normal line type settings.) Bring to Front/Send to Back: for use with digital images and hatch allowing you to place objects in front or behind them. Bitmap: allows you to insert JPG, WMF and BMP files: digital photos, Air photos, and other images into your diagram. (Tip: place on separate layer to turn on/off.) Bitmap Scale: click 2 points and type in Actual Distance to scale your image. Bitmap Edit: options to fade images (slide bar), mirror images, change layer, send to back and lock layer to TRACE over. GEO MAP see Chapter 18 below (Import Satellite Images from TerraserverUSA) 40

44 . MOVING BACK TO THE TOP SPEED BAR: Reset: RESTORES THE DEFAULT environment settings such as: object color, line type, line width, all layer settings, default text settings, font, justification, etc. This can be very helpful if importing a drawing from another program which may have set defaults. Layer Manager: you have over 1000 layers you can use and turn on/off, lock, etc. This allows you to select items you want viewed or printed without deleting them, simply turn selected layers on or off (layers are described in more detail later). Units: allows you to change your drawing units Feet or Metric and number of Decimal Places or Fractional Inches DISPLAYED. This can be set when you first start a new drawing and changed at anytime during your job. If you notice numbers you enter are being rounded off check this setting and decimal places it is set to. Lesson 18: IMPORTING BITMAPS (Digital, satellite and air photos) Quick Pick menu on left sidebar DIGITAL IMAGES: to add your digital photos (jpg, bmp or wmf) or air and satellite photos. You can also trace and draw over any images. To place an image in your drawing screen: 1.) First you must click 2 points to define a window frame where your image will be inserted. 2.) Then browse to find the image you wish to insert. Click Open to insert image. 3.) Images can be easily Moved, Rotated, Scaled and Edited as noted below. SCALE BITMAP IMAGES: 1.) Select bitmap image to scale 2.) Click first reference point then click second reference point as prompted 3.) then type in actual distance to instantly scale image: 41

45 BITMAP EDIT: - Image Fade (slide bar) allows better visibility if drawing over image or just using as a background reference - Send to Back or Bring to Front icons to moves image to background or brings forward so that any line work, symbols, text, etc. placed are not hidden behind image. - Change Image layer (move to separate layer making it easy to turn on/off to display) plus - Lock Layer makes it easier to trace and draw over by keeping image in background. - You can also Rotate a bitmap by selecting and using movable pivot to rotate or using the Rotate command in the Editing tools (you cannot crop images in program yet.) Use to trace, fade and lock layers for digital images DIGITAL IMAGES IN 3D: You can also see your digital images in 3D view mode making it possible to place objects and use Air Photos for background reference. Add symbols such as trees, buildings, vehicles, people and 3D buildings onto air photo base. Also you can insert digital images in 3D Wall Evidence Mode to depict evidence on vertical surfaces or even place a larger image to depict a realistic back ground or building façade or even a back ground image. E.) Exporting Images: Vector vs. Raster You can print from CAD Zone but sometimes you may need to send a drawing file to someone or save to put into a Word document. We give you several options including a PDF format save (ADOBE) that most anyone can open. The formats under Save give you the nicest and sharpest images: 42

46 The Raster save formats are under the File pull-down to the Export Image but the.jpg and the.bmp do not provide crisp lines or print as clearly as other formats will. Some BITMAP image tips: 1.) if you are printing 3D Screen Shots increase Screen Resolution in Control Panel before you take the screen shots to get sharper images. 2.) To print only a digital image from inside CrashZone or one of the 3D Snapshots, click on image to select it. Go to Print and in the lower left check the box that says Selection Only so only that image prints. The Import Satellite Images (Geo Map) command allows you to automatically retrieve and place satellite photos of most U.S. address into your drawing via the internet; free from the TerraServer web site ( The satellite photo is placed at real world scale in your drawing and geo-referenced accurately allowing you to place GPS data over top using Coordinate Data Table. Using the Import Satellite Images command: Click the Import Satellite Images Map icon from the Quick Pick menu. In the Address entry field, click the radial button to choose from either the Address or Long/Lat options. Once selected, enter the required Address or coordinate data in the text area below. When searching by address, enter the following data: 43

47 When searching by Long/Lat enter the Long and Lat coordinates: Choose the Image Option by marking either the Aerial or Topo Map radial button. Next, set the size of the image area to be displayed by clicking the arrow buttons to adjust the size. Select to place manually or georeferenced. Be sure to place image manually if you already have items in drawing. Click the OK button to retrieve image from Terraserver website. The image is placed in the diagram window (may take a moment to retrieve): If desired, multiple images can be placed in the diagram, repeating the steps shown previously; the different photos (locations) are placed in the proper real world location relative to each other in the diagram if you have the Automatically place image at Geo Reference checked : 44

48 Note: TerraserverUSA is a free service. For some areas the maps are more current than others. You can also use the bitmap button to bring in your own digital images from Google Earth or other sources you may have access to for air or satellite photos. Satellite Images and Proxy Server If you cannot download a satellite image using the Import Satellite Photo feature you may need to use the "Proxy Server Options" found in the Sat Image dialog. What is it? Essentially a proxy server is set up to "filter" data from the internet. We use simple HTTP calls to get at the map information on the internet. If set it causes all HTTP transactions to be routed through the given proxy server. Some organizations require their employees to use a proxy server to get on the internet for security/monitoring reasons. Generally, they should use the same proxy server settings that they use for their web browser. If you do not need it for their web browser then you should not need it for our program. You may have to contact you IT department to get the correct settings. There is also documentation in the Help system. Go to the Help pull down and select Help and then the Index Tab: type in Proxy Server Settings to find instructions. 45

49 Lesson 19: Using Line Types There are close to 100 custom 2D/3D line types, scroll down to see all: 1.) You can change an existing line(s) by first selecting the line(s), then click on the line type you wish to change it into from the Line Types icon menu. 2.) Or you can draw using a selected line type. First select the line type off the Line Types menu. (You will see a small T appear in the properties rectangular box at the top showing you set a line type.) Then use any of the line or curve drawing commands. (Click the Norm button to reset back to a regular line type.) >> EXERCISE: 1) OPEN one of sample drawing such as 3D Traffic Fatality (or other). 2) Experiment with changing line types and drawing with line type turned on. 3) Select an edge of road line then click a fence line type from Line Types toolbox. 4) While your line still highlighted magenta, select other Line Types to change to. 5) Now go back to Quick Pick on the Toolbox and pick the line drawing command to draw new lines with a Line Type turned on. (Note little T in properties box.) 6) On the top speed bar select the blue Norm button to reset back to a solid regular line type. The little T is now removed. 7) Practice breaking a Guard Rail or Fence line like a car had driven through it using the break command. Then view in 3D by pressing the 3D button. TIP: If planning to do 3D you can set the height of a 3D line type. Select the line(s) and then click the 3D Builder button on the top speed bar. Set exact height of guard rails, fences, etc. If also changing color, check the box for maintaining color for 3D viewing. 46

50 The PROPERTIES icon display on the top speed bar shows any Line Setting you have turned on: EXAMPLE: 1.) This shows that SCENE is your current layer 2.) The T lets you know you have a custom line type selected 3.) The W means you have set a custom line width set 4.) The Norm button restores to regular line type EXERCISE: Line Type, Text & Symbol Review The following exercise is a chance to review several of the previous lessons, including drawing, editing, using line types, and placing text and symbols. Refer to the previous exercises for more details on how to perform each step, if needed: - Add more details too such as vehicles, tire marks, bodies, evidence, bubble labels, traffic signs, etc. Remember to Save your drawing often by clicking on diskette icon at top. 47

51 Lesson 20: Adding a Form (Border) and Printing Use the FORMS feature to place a border around your diagram. * Also included in that section are the state accident report diagram pages for: CA, CO, OH, NJ and GA There are 2 options for making your own forms: 1.) Using the FORMS feature as described below automatically size a custom border around your on-screen drawing. This form installs as individual lines and text making it easy to edit but a little difficult to move after it is placed. Forms are automatically placed on layer 1023 so can be turned on/off or grouped into one symbol if needed. 2.) Making your form into a SYMBOL (see Lesson 28 for making your own symbols) can allows you to scale manually with corner grips, move as one object and set layer preference. It comes in as one grouped object so needs to be exploded before you can edit the text. Takes a few more steps but allows more flexibility. 3.) You can make a Custom Form and also make it into a Symbol giving you both options! EXERCISE: 1.) Open a drawing and try the various Custom Forms and 2.) Click on the X in the text fields then the Edit button (or right mouse click, edit) to replace the X with your own text. 3.) The X is there so there is a predefined text size to so you simply edit it. Edit the Your Department Here text to replace with your own agency or firm name. Using Form Creator Use the Form Creator command to create your own custom forms and title blocks, which may then be placed repeatedly in the drawing. There are three Auto-fit and As-is buttons. Auto-fit forms will automatically scale the form to fit over the entire contents of the drawing screen and does not affect your drawing scale. 48

52 CREATING A CUSTOM FORM: 1.) Start with a blank drawing select one of these forms 2.) Edit the text and add/remove and modify features as you wish. 3.) Once complete, draw a window with your mouse around drawing objects to select and highlight the items to be saved as your form. 4.) Open the Forms tools from the left-hand menu 5.) Click on the Form Creator icon in the Forms menu. 6.) The Form Creator toolbox is displayed on the screen below. In this example we ll create an auto fit form. Click the User Form 1 (Auto-Fit) icon as shown: Note: If an existing form is assigned to the selected button, a message Button already assigned to User Form 1. Do you want to overwrite it? appears. Click the Yes button to overwrite the existing form or select a different one. 7.) Next you are prompted to select two reference points for the form. These points establish area in your form that will be fitted around the contents on the screen. It is important that the points be placed exactly right or the form will not be placed correctly around the diagram. Do not place too close to border edges or you will have not have white space around your drawing. Turn your snaps OFF for this. 8.) First Click the Pick Pt 1 icon on the toolbox, and position your cursor near the lower-left corner of the form. Click the mouse to set the first reference point (SEE illustration below for correct placement). Once the reference point is set the toolbox prompts you: 1 st Ref Point is good, now pick 2nd point. Click the Pick Pt 2 button on the toolbox and move your cursor to the upper-right corner to set the second reference point as shown in illustration below. If the second reference point is placed correctly you are prompted Ref points good. Press OK to accept and create User Form 1. 49

53 POSITION OF REFERENCE POINTS: 9.) Click the OK button to finish creating the form. 10.) To place the custom form in a diagram, select the User Form 1 icon from the Forms bin. The form is placed around the diagram and the program screen is re-drawn displaying the contents of the drawing fitted inside the form between the points that you assigned: To get more instructions on adding bitmaps and logos to your custom title blocks go to the: HELP pull-down to > Learning Center > Manual > Contents > Index. With XP you need to right click in header bar to allow blocked content for viewing and using the INDEX tab entry to type in search topics. This DOES NOT go on line but uses a web format. CADZone HELP system: 50

54 PRINTING AND PRINT TILING (more in Advanced section) DRAWINGS IN CADZONE SOFTWARE SHOULD ALWAYS BE CREATED 1:1 SO MEASUREMENTS AND DIMENSIONS REFLECT REAL WORLD UNITS. THE ONLY TIME YOU SCALE YOUR DIAGRAM IS IN THE PRINT FUNTION MENU FOR OUTPUT AND NEVER SCALE THE DRAWING ITSELF. When you are ready to print your diagram, click the Printer icon on the Speed bar. There are three basic ways to determine how your diagram will be printed out: Fit to Paper fits the entire diagram on a single sheet of paper and displays scale. Current View prints the current zoomed view of the diagram on a single sheet. Scale allows entering an exact scale to use for printing. This scale is entered in the format: X inches on paper = Y feet in the real world Printing Tiling When printing diagrams to an exact scale, it is possible to specify a scale that does not allow the diagram to fit on one sheet of paper. In this case the program automatically uses Print Tiling to divide the drawing up so it can be printed on multiple sheets. Sheets can be spliced and taped together when a large scale plotter is not available. Two options at the bottom of the toolbox help adjust the rotation of text on the print. Some printers rotate all text in the diagram by 90. If you notice this happening, select Text Rotate Adjust and see if this solves the problem. Pen Width Adjusts the thickness that the lines in the diagram will be printed in. It does not change the actual lines in the diagram itself. Selection Only - prints only the selected entities in the drawing. All Colors to Black - prints all entities in black regardless of their color. Tip: The Print command uses the standard Windows drivers for output to the printer. If your printed drawing does not look correct or if you have other problems printing, you may need to obtain updated printer drivers from your printer manufacturer. 51

55 Printing 3D Snapshots taken in 3D View mode: the snapshots are saved as jpg files in the Snapshot folder and named the same as the drawing and then numbered sequentially. (Turn up screen resolution in Control Panel to get higher resolution.) You can also place a snapshot in your drawing, select it and in the print menu use the SELECTION ONLY option and fit to paper and print right from Crash/CrimeZone. You can also select any part of your drawing and not just snapshots to use this selection only function: CAD ZONE programs include a PDF driver. If you need to send a file to someone to view or print this is a great format to send files because anyone can open and they cannot easily be modified. (There is an option during the program install to allow the PDF function to install also.) After you saved your work, go to the FILE pull down and select SAVE AS. In the file formats pull-down you will see the PDF option. You can also save to a PDF file from the Print Set up but it is easier to save as a PDF More printing information covered in Lesson 38 in the Advanced section 52

56 Lesson 21: File Basics Save and Open files Open a Backup. BAK file Merge a file Importing Bitmaps Exporting file types: Vector and Raster format options A.) OPEN existing drawing, the.czd (CAD Zone Drawing) format is the default. To open other file formats, click the files of type down arrow to see other options. You can select AutoCAD (.DWG) files,.dxf files, PocketZone (CAD Zone data collector), Laser Technology RAW files, ASCII Coordinate data from total stations, etc. If necessary, change the path and drive in order to locate the folder you wish to open that contains the diagram files. You can click on the Open button to browse various folders to find your files. In the list window, double-click the file name, or select the file name and click Open. The program default path for the DIAGRAMS folder can be: C:\Documents and Settings\Your Name\My Documents\My Cad Zone\Diagrams Or C:\Program Files\Cad Zone\Crash Zone 8\Diagrams\ Check under the UTILITIES pull-down select SETTINGS then the PATHS tab. This allows you to set paths where your work will be saved and also save to original folders and lock paths. If you do not have full Admin rights you will need to select Use Special Folders to save under My Documents path. 53

57 B.) EMERGENCY BACKUP In case you forget to perform a regular save and something goes wrong, a named drawing will do an automatic backup every 5 minutes to the job.bak file. (Name your drawing as soon as you get started to preserve your work!) If this happens, shut down the CAD Zone program WITHOUT saving (if it is not already closed). Open file and set to search for.bak file extension then find corresponding drawing name, rename to something else (i.e. add a 2 to it). Then open and save as a different czd drawing file. C.) MERGING AND ALIGNING 2 DRAWINGS or JOBS Main uses: for adding new evidence to existing diagrams, adding new scene information to a intersection template or for a large scene that is done in various stages so you can combine the data. Merging two drawings or jobs requires that they each contain at least 2 common points (or a common line) that will be used to align them together. (Tip: shoot several stationary objects such as a fire hydrant, manhole center, power pole, survey marker, stop bars, etc. that you can use later for intersection templates.) 1) Open your first drawing which will become your BASE drawing (or your pre-drawn intersection template). 2) Merge your second drawing (File pull down menu, select Merge) lets you browse for your new data you will be adding over top of your base drawing. When you select and open BE SURE you place it off to one side, away from your base drawing. 3) Now select the merged drawing data that you just placed to one side using your left mouse to draw a window around them so the objects all highlight magenta. Be sure you turn on the Auto Snap option (magnet at top speed bar) for the next steps. 4) Now run the Align command by either typing AG or go to the Edit/Modify drop down menu to, "Align Common Points". This will help you precisely place your merged data overtop of your base using 2 common points. 5) It prompts you to Pick common (pivot) point of the first selected objects. So snap to the first common point on your Merged drawing that is highlighted and still off to the side. Next click on the second common point on this same drawing. 6) Next, snap to the first corresponding common point on the BASE diagram (this becomes your pivot point) now snap to your second common point on your BASE to complete the alignment. 7) If you make a mistake, click the UNDO button on the top row and try again. (TIP: You can also follow the instructions on the command line when using this command to help you keep track of your steps and it will prompt you what to do next.) 54

58 Lesson 22: Using Layers USING the LAYER MANAGER Layers are a powerful drawing tool and visual aid. The layers behave like a stack of transparencies that contain various drawing items on each sheet such as: photos, evidence, text, measured points, line work, etc. You can display and hide viewed items by turning layers ON or OFF. It allows you to save all your data in ONE file and print multiple variations of the same drawing choose what you wish to print or display at any time. Click on the Layer Manager at the top speed bar. Grab blue header to move onto drawing area so you can keep it open while you work (tuck to side and pull in as needed.) The current layer name and set color shows up in the rectangular Properties Box in the top speed bar menu. Clicking on the Properties Box also allows you to change your current working layer at any time. Items you draw will be placed on your current working layer. Moving objects to a different layer: Select the object(s) so they highlight magenta, then click on either the Properties Box or the Edit button. This brings up option to change layer (plus other options) use the down arrow to select new layer from the list then click OK when done to accept your new selections. 55

59 Common uses for layers: a) Air-photos or digital photographs can be put on a separate layer so you can choose to view or print them or have them off (you can set this in the Bitmap Edit button). b) Keep points, point numbers, elevations, line work, evidence, etc. each on separate layers so you can choose what you want to display and print. c) Working on a template or else where you have congested points or data. You may wish to lock that layer with those items so that you do not accidentally move or select it when drawing in that area. d) Remember if an item is on a locked layer you cannot move or modify it until the layer is un-locked. You cannot turn your current working layer off. To open Layer Manager: Select Layer Manager from the Draw pull-down menu, select the Layer Manager icon from the Speed bar, or type MGL on the keyboard. A dialog box appears, displaying a list of layers. You can use the scroll bar to display the status of all layers supported by The Diagram Program. There are 1024 layers available. Move and Size the Layer Dialog: you can move and resize the layer dialog if needed. The move button is located at the upper right corner of the layer dialog on the title bar to the left of the help icon. Click this button to position and size the layer dialog to fit on the left toolbox. Click it again to restore its last position Buttons and Icons on Layer Manager Set Current Layer: clicking on this button will make the selected layer the current layer. You can also double click on a layer to make it current. Anything drawn or placed in the diagram will be placed on the current layer. In a new drawing Layer 0 is the default. Data on Layer Icon: layers containing data are marked with a green diamond icon. Display / Hide: the Layer Display button is an on/off toggle. You can turn single or multiple layer display on or off with the Display / Hide button. If the selected layer is currently displayed then clicking on this button will hide it and visa versa. A hidden layer s name or number will be displayed in a grayed out text. Warning: You cannot hide the current layer. If you want to hide the current layer then you need to select a different layer to be current. Layer Lock / Unlock: allows you to see layers but not be able to modify them, click on the Layers Lock/Unlock button. If you need the layer displayed for reference but don t want to be able to select it or alter it then you will want to lock the layer. You will still be able to snap to points on locked layers. Also very useful for drawing or tracing over a digital image or air photo so that the image does not get selected and cover up information you are adding 56

60 Layer Properties: The program no longer allows layer specific properties (colors, line types) to be set on diagrams and imported dwg or dxf files. This allows for easier editing of properties so the layer manager does not over ride them. Selecting Multiple Layers You can select multiple layers and hide/display or lock/unlock them at one time. Hold down your mouse key and drag over consecutive layers to select. To select layers out of sequence, hold down the Control key and click the desired layers. Name Layer: you can select a layer to name or re-name with the Name Layer tool. Select a layer, click on the Name Layer button to display the Layer Name dialog. Click in the Enter Layer Name field and type to enter a new name for the layer. If the layer already has a name then that name will be displayed in the dialog. You can Un-Name the layer (leaving the layer with only a number) by clicking on the Un-Name button, overwrite, or keep the current name. Important: You cannot rename a layer using a number for the first character. If you want to show a number followed by text then begin the name with a dash or underscore. Long / Short List: the Short List button toggles between displaying all 1020 layers to only displaying layers which contain data or are labeled. Refresh Layer Manager: sometimes the data on the drawing will not match the information in layer manager. For example, you make a layer current that has no data on it. Then, you draw on that layer while layer manager is open. You would expect to see a green diamond next to the layer denoting there is data on that layer. Click on the Refresh button to refresh the layer manager display. Layer Clean-Up: layer Clean-Up is an easy method to manage the layers in your drawing. This is especially useful when importing AutoCAD drawings that may contain many layers that aren t needed or aren t named to match your standards. For Full Instructions to use this click on the? in the Header: 57

61 Lesson 23: Manual and Electronic Measurement Data A.) MANUAL MEASUREMENTS Two options for input of Baseline-Offset and Triangulation measurements: 1.) EASY LINES method: places points quickly and easily, but does not label your points or give you an option to print out your entered data. Good if you have a small job with just a few points. 2.) COORDINATE DATA TABLE offers a spreadsheet entry format with preview. It even labels points and provides 2 coordinate print out options. This is the best method to use and offers more features and allows you to edit your file if needed. EASY LINES MANUAL ENTRY To use EASY LINES MANUAL ENTRY: a.) Select from one of the MODES at the bottom: Normal, Baseline or Triangulation b.) always click the bulls-eye start button at the top and pick your starting point Normal Mode: click bulls-eye and click onscreen start point, then enter the Angle (use the compass to point) and then type in a Distance. Then select to draw line button or place marker button. Baseline Mode: click bulls-eye to start point on screen, then enter Distance 1 and Distance 2, the first is the distance along the baseline and the second is the offset distance. The Flip button is same as negative value. This mode allows only red (permanent) or blue (temporary) markers - no lines. Triangulation Mode: click bulls-eye and select 2 triangulation points on screen. Enter Distance 1 and Distance 2, the first is the distance from the 1st triangulation point 58

62 and Distance 2 the distance from the 2nd point. Flip is the intersection on the opposite side and you can only place markers in this mode also. EZ Baseline - Baseline Easy Lines is used to set points (markers) based on baseline measuring procedures. When you switch to EZ Baseline the compass arrows change to the color green so you know you are in Baseline mode. The field changes to D1 & D2 for Distance from first marker and Distance from 2nd marker. To place points using the Baseline Easy Lines Method: Click on the bull s eye to set the Base Point. Click on the screen to set a base starting point (green target appears). After setting the base point, you will be prompted to show the direction of the baseline by moving your mouse in desired direction and click. (Note: If you want to set the angle other than horizontal/vertical, then hold Ctrl key down and use the bottom Angle display to set desired angle.) Click the number pad and enter the first distance (D1). This is the distance along the baseline from the base point. (If you enter a negative number for D1 the distance will be along the baseline in the opposite direction.) Click in the second field (D2), or press the Tab key. The distance you enter here is the distance perpendicular (offset) to the baseline. Click on one of the marker buttons, either the temporary (blue) marker or the permanent (red) marker. Repeat to place as many markers as you need. Once the markers are placed in the drawing you can snap lines or vehicles to them so they are placed exactly at the desired location. Tip: If the marker is placed on the wrong side of the baseline then click on the "Flip" button and pick the marker again. It will place the marker on the opposite side of the baseline. Once you select the Flip feature it will stay selected until you click on it again. EZ Triangulation - With triangulation measurements, two reference points are needed. Other points are located as being at the intersection of 2 lines based on radial measurements. When you switch to EZ Triangulation you'll notice the color of the arrows changes to red so you know which mode you are using. Entry fields are D1 (distance from point 1) and D2 (distance from point 2): EXERCISE: Triangulation Easy Lines Method: 1) Click on the bull s eye to set the reference points. 2) Click or snap on the screen to set your first reference point. Click on the screen to set your second base point (note distance on bottom right). 59

63 3) The base points will be shown as magenta colored triangles with cross hairs inside them. Click on the number pad to enter the first distance (D1:). This is the length of the radius from the first reference point to the marker. 4) Click in, or tab to the second field (D2:). This is the length of the radius from the second reference point to the marker. 5) Now pick a marker, either a temporary (blue) marker or a permanent (red) marker. Where the two radii intersect (entered above) is where your marker will be placed. If the marker is on the wrong side of the baseline then click on the "Flip" button and select the marker again. This will place the marker on the opposite side of the reference points. Once you select the Flip feature it will stay selected until you click on it again. 6) Repeat steps 6 through 8 to place the remaining points. COORDINATE DATA TABLE: Baseline, Triangulation Manual entry, Electronic data entry from Total stations and Lasers plus and GPS data entry. Enter data in a spreadsheet format with instant preview below! Automatically updates as your edit data: The COORDINATE DATA TABLE is a very powerful tool, that can save you time and help you achieve accurate diagrams: 1.) When you type in coordinate data, it will automatically provide a preview 60

64 2.) Can automatically generate lines and curves (join like descriptions, SC for start curve and EC for end curve.) 3.) Places your different text fields and line work on separate layers automatically 4.) EDITABLE preview window before you bring the data into diagram 5.) SEARCH & FIND: left click on the point number and it will highlight with a big red circle so you can find that point quickly on screen. Release mouse for off. 6.) Right Click in the row number to INSERT or DELETE a row. 7.) SAVE your file if you made any changes and rename it so you still have your original version if you need to compare 8.) Zoom/pan tools on the left side to move within the preview window. Click the Place button to import the data shown in the preview window into your drawing. Dynamic Text Adjust - Adjust the size of the text displayed in the preview window by clicking the "larger and smaller A text icons located on right of the preview. Units The data entered into the Data Field manually or imported will take on the units picked in the Units field. You can choose from Inches, Feet, Millimeters, Centimeters, and Meters. Point Numbering Offset If you want to place your data to begin from a point number other than Pt# 1 then click on the Point Numbering Offset checkbox and set the offset value. If you ve already placed some data and opened CDT up again, you will be prompted to use an offset number to ensure you don t create duplicate point numbers in the drawing. Save Button - The Save command allows you to save the coordinate data as a.txt (Text),.CSV file,.dat, and.asc file types. This file can be imported into Excel and used for the generation of a printed copy of the ASCII coordinates. Export Button - Export will open up the current data in and Excel spreadsheet for printing purposes. This is a good method for editing data and then and reimported using the.csv file format. Place Button - Click the Place button to place the data shown in the preview window into the Diagram Program. You will automatically be prompted to save when you click the Place button. Once loaded into the drawing window, the text (point numbers, descriptions, and elevation data), points and lines are placed on separate layers. Use the Layer Manager to turn on/off. 61

65 SEE PICTURE ON PAGE 64 FOR DESIRED RESULTS 1.) Enter data into Coordinate Data Table) as show below. Set the N direction to point to the first selection pointing to the Right in a horizontal position. 2) After your first entry, move mouse into the Description. field: Right-click to see how you can add control codes such as CL for Close, A3 for Arcs, etc. plus it keeps a listing of descriptions used so you can auto insert them from the list rather than type them in each time. 3.) Use the A up and down arrows for sizing text to a readable size. 4.) Once completed, Save data (saves as a txt file) and also try the Export save for Excel format. 5) Use the PLACE button to put data on drawing screen (the table is just a preview box). (TIP: if you are using the baseline or triangulation modes, your start point is your insertion point that you can place precisely in your diagram.) 6) Forgot to enter data and it needs editing? a) Close drawing and start new drawing. b) Open Coordinate Data Table and open the txt file you had saved. c) Make changes, Save, Place again. 7) After Placing as diagram, Save. 62

66 8) Put Baseline onto a separate layer you can turn off. 9) Layer display to see the various layers you can turn on/off. 10) Add 2 missing road lines over the old base line. 11) Use Fillet Command with curved corners (12' radius). 12) Place in Vehicle Symbols: a) Copy rotated rectangle. b) Rotate to be horizontal. c) Place and scale vehicle inside of it follow these steps: To get the specifications for your vehicles and a scaled rectangle to use as a guideline to size3d symbols, use the VEHICLE SPECS Database on Quick Pick Menu: a.) To stretch or resize an object such as a car or sofa, you must keep object in the horizontal position as it appears in the symbol library to resize proportionally. b.) Select a truck from the Vehicle Database to get a scaled box then pick the top view of a pick-up and place in the rectangle box horizontally, use Ortho Angle 0 to keep straight. c.) Now click on the vehicle symbol so that grips (blue handles) show. Use these blue grips to stretch or shrink to fit the symbol to your sized rectangular box. d.) While vehicle is still highlighted, go to top menu bar and select 3D Builder and set the symbol height. You have now sized a vehicle in 3D! button 63

67 e.) Now use the Move command off the left Quick Pick menu. Snap to rear right corner and match to corresponding outline in the measured drawing. Select the vehicle to highlight it and then move rotation pivot point of vehicle symbol to the rear right corner. Now you can easily Rotate into position. (If you do not see the red rotation handle you are zoomed out too far!) EXERCISE: CONTINUE WITH DRAWING: 13.) Change arcs to tire mark line types. 14.) Add some trees, a top view stop sign, etc. 15.) View in 3D 16.) Add Dimensions: Linear and Angular a) Check Units and Precision for decimal places 17.) Add border, north arrow and scale bar. Save your drawing! EP3 6 EP3 7 Skid 2 21 Skid 1 18 Skid 2 20 Skid 1 17 Veh1 CL 11 Skid 2 A3 19 Skid 1 A3 Veh Veh1 10 Veh2 CL 15 Veh1 9 Veh2 14 EP1 1 Veh2 12 Veh2 13 EP2 4 EP2 5 Finished Exercise: EP1 2 EP2 3 64

68 ELECTRONIC DATA ENTRY: CrashZone/CrimeZone allows you to directly import from Sokkia and Nikon total stations (AIMS version), SDR data collectors, LTI Raw files and CAD Zone s Pocket Zone data collection program. You can also import 3D data in an ASCII Coordinate data format that is a common format that can be generated from measurements taken with any brands of total station. The 3D elevation data is automatically recognized and displayed in the 3D view along with automated and 3D line work. 1.) CAD Zone programs can also Read and Write to DXF and DWG (AutoCAD) files. 2.) Direct Download SOKKIA & SDR saves both RAW and Coordinate files. (We can also provide an SDR tutorial with instruction steps - just call or us for it.) 3.) The custom TDS-AIMS LT CrashZone version has direct download for NIKON total stations. This AIMS version has an interface for RAW data files plus powerful download/upload options: TDS-AIMS LT Nikon models supported: ASCII IMPORT DIALOG: The ASCII Import feature allows you to import ASCII format Coordinate Files that are retrieved from total stations, data collectors, manual entry, Excel files and other methods of generating coordinate files. If you do not have a coordinate file to import the data can also be entered manually right into the table. You can also enter into Notepad or a spreadsheet and then import it. The data fields can be separated (or delimited) by a comma, space, or tab between them. The most common coordinate format is: Point #, Northing, Easting, Elevation, Description. EXERCISE: 1.) Open the Coordinate Data Table 2.) Select Formats option and then set to first one: Pt #, North, East, Elev, Desc. 3.) Click the OPEN button to browse for files 4.) Find the file called: ASCII_Car.txt file in the Diagrams folder: 65

69 5.) Use the big or smaller A to size the text 6.) Click the Place button to put into the diagram 7.) Check the layer manager; you will see that the text fields (such as the point number, description, elevation); the point nodes and line work are automatically placed on separate labeled layers to allow you to turn them on/off as needed. IF YOU USE A TOTAL STATION OR LASER WITH 3D DATA: ELEVATION ADJUST if your data is not near the ground plane, often appears up in the air in 3D Viewer when total station data has a 100 starting elevation.) This command allows a point elevation shift if your starting elevation for your data was not zero set or if you need to adjust your ground plane elevation. (Use the PREFERENCES while in 3D if you wish to turn ground plane on/off.) COORDINATE IMPORT: AUTOMATED LINES AND LABELS - The ASCII import can also automatically create lines and curves using descriptions which you designate while recording the data at the scene. - Layers are automatically created for each of the following: point nodes, point number, description, elevation and lines. Automated line work can be done in a simple manner using these guidelines: 1.) Continuous Lines: A continuous line is automatically connected between like labeled descriptions using any descriptions codes you want. All individual lines must be labeled with unique descriptions in order for them to be drawn properly. For example, use EP1 for one side of the road edge of pavement and EP2 for the other side of the road. 2.) Automated Line Control Codes (curves, arcs and closed shape): The ASCII import can also automatically create lines and curves as part of our line work. If the data points have an elevation, both the lines and curves will be in 3D. This can be done in an uncomplicated manner using these simple line codes after your description codes: SC START CURVE EC END CURVE A3 3-POINT ARC CL CLOSE SHAPE R RESOLVE 66

70 SC starts a Splined (fit) curve command by forcing a curve through points and EC - ends the curve sequence and goes back into straight line mode. CL Close Label to automatically connect and close shapes for a building or car shapes without going back to the first point shot. A3 3 Point Arc by appending the code A3 to a current description results in a 3-point arc connected to that point and the following 2 points of the same description. R Resolve calculates a 4th corner for you and closes the shape TIP: use the SC and EC if you have 2 or more points between your start and end of curve to give you a nice smooth curve. Otherwise the A3 (3-point ARC command) is an option but it is more difficult to get a smooth curve with a transition. See following example: EXAMPLE of automated lines from using description control codes: 67

71 IF TEXT IS TOO BIG/SMALL after you have imported data. Click Undo and reopen the file adjust size and place again. Or use the GLOBAL TEXT EDIT, type SA or window the whole drawing to Select All and type TE for Text Edit and adjust size. GPS formats: Allows you to recreate your GPS measured data from a TXT or LOG file generated from your GPS device or software. The file is displayed in a Lat, Long, Elevation, description, GPS Code format in the Coordinate Date Table. To use GPS Formats in Coordinate Data Table With the Coordinate Data Table opened, select the GPS Formats radial button: Select the radial button for State Plane or UTM coordinates: Click the Open command from the lower-right corner of the toolbox, navigate to the location of the file, and click the Open button to load it in the drawing window: The file is opened in Coordinate Data Table and is ready for further editing. 68

72 Differences between State Plane or UTM coordinates Both projection schemes for State Plane and UTM coordinate are based on ellipsoid coordinates to X,Y coordinates but there are a couple of key differences: UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator) covers the entire world, SPC just the US State Plane Coordinates. The US State Plane Coordinates are 4x s more accurate than UTM coordinates. For additional information on UTM and State Plane Coordinates please refer to the following websites. For info on UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator): For info on State Plane Coordinates: Lesson 24: Hatch Patterns and Fills HATCH and FILL patterns: allow you to depict several of types of surfaces or debris, damaged areas, blood, fluids, vegetation, water, etc. Trace a Boundary command to draw a hatch pattern or solid fill within an area that you specify by clicking manually to define the outline. Pick Area hatch command to add hatch pattern or solid fill to simple closed objects. (DO NOT pick too complex an area or it will not work and may close diagram.) Must be a closed shape so use snaps when drawing to avoid leaving gaps in the object or outline. Window Hatch command to add a hatch pattern or solid fill to closed geometric shapes contained in the crossing window. (Can be handy when you want to add a hatch or fill to an object that exists inside another, but do not want to add the pattern to both.) Hatch Selected is also good for doing more any closed shapes. The selection tools that come up across the top of the drawing area let you pick: the Select Adjoining option button is very useful for more complex closed shapes like a median, parking lot, fluid/debris pattern, etc. Red/White circles are the send to back/bring to front. The patterns and fill are opaque and may cover part of your lines so sent them to the back to see your lines again. 69

73 TIPS: ZOOM IN so you are close while working for precision and for complex shapes or those that are not perfectly closed, use the manual trace. - It is best to put your hatch/fill on a separate layer so you can turn it on/off or lock so it does cover any of your drawing details. Use lighter colors for better readability. (More hatch patterns and hatch setting options are available in the Pull-down menu when you select one of the hatch commands.) Example of hatch used in a diagram: EXERCISE: Experiment using the different Hatch/Fill commands and try the different options available. Place text on top and then practice bring to front/send to back options. Lesson 25: Templates 70

74 Customizable template library pre-made ones you can modify or add your own. You can import AutoCAD or other CAD drawings (dxf or dwg) from engineering drawings to build template library of your common intersections. You can create a new template folder in Windows file explorer to store your different categories for easy retrieval. Default save path: C:\Documents and Settings\User Name\My Documents\My Cad Zone\Templates\My Templates < will bring up the following: Just type in a template name and all objects the drawing objects will be saved as a template in the folder called My Templates with preview and name you assigned it. To insert a template: select, click Place and then click to place in diagram. Templates: The Templates path can be set under the Path tab in Settings. The Templates path can also be "browsed" and selected from within the Templates dialog. This feature is critical if your department wants to save and share all their custom templates from a single location (server). EXERCISE: 1.) Insert existing template into drawing and try the rotate command in preview. 2.) Use one of your own drawings or an existing drawing and save as a template. 3.) Go into Window Explorer to see where they are stored (shown above). You can move and delete them from this location only. 71

75 Lesson 26: 3D Basics & 3D Line work Creating a 3D Diagram: CAD Zone software makes it easy to generate a 3D scene by automating much of the work and keeping the concepts simple. Most objects like symbols, line types, and bodies are converted to 3D automatically. To see other objects in the 3D view, like a wall, simply assign them a height, an elevation if needed, and a color. Then launch the 3D Viewer to see the rendered model. 3D EXERCISE 1: 1.) Start a new diagram and call it 3D Exercise. 2.) Place an intersection (use Easy Intersection to save time) 3.) Add vehicles, traffic lights, power pole, trees and people 4.) Add a few building shapes and some chain link fencing 5.) Now look at in 3D by clicking the 3D button in top speed bar You can see that the vehicle, fence and some of the other objects were converted to 3D automatically. However everything else in the diagram is still displayed as flat, 2D objects. Now let s switch back to 2D and see how easy it is to complete this 3D diagram. 6.) Select all the walls of one building & click on the 3D builder button on speed bar. 7.) Assign a wall height of 15 and leave at 0 elevation (ground plane). 8.) Check box for wall paint and roof, select colors. To make the walls appear solid, select wall paint and choose the desired color. If you do not turn on the wall paint, the walls are displayed as wire frame and you can see through them. We will also check to display a roof and choose a roof color. 9.) Now click Apply to Selected objects to apply this 3d information to the walls we selected earlier. The selected lines will be grouped together when you assign them 3D information. Let s switch back to the 3D Viewer and see our changes. Save drawing. Fence, Railing or Jersey walls: NOTE: You can also set exact height and color of 3D line types by selecting line(s) first and then click the 3D Builder button. 3D EXERCISE 2: 1.) Select the chain link fence you drew in this drawing. Click on 3D Builder. 2.) you can set the 3D Line Type symbol Height in the dialog. Maintain line type color in 3D allows you to set your own color that overwrites the default. 3D Viewer (activated with licensed 3D version). This takes you from your 2D diagram into a dynamic 3D view. Use the buttons, target, arrow keys or your mouse to maneuver within the 3D view. Snapshots allow you to save your 3D views! When you first launch the 3D Viewer you see the scene in 3D with a small 2D Preview window. In the preview window is a RED Camera target and the GREEN site target representing where you are looking. 72

76 You can also adjust the elevation of both the target and camera on the speed bar at the upper-right of the screen. If you set the elevation of the camera and target to 3.5', you will be able to approximate the view a driver of a small car was seeing prior the accident. 3D EXERCISE 3: 1) Open Sample diagram: 3D Gas Station Homicide and move camera around. 2) To further adjust the view; slowly drag the camera symbol with mouse along the street and watch the view update. There are many other ways you can navigate around your diagram using viewing buttons at the top. 3) Whenever you are satisfied with the view of a scene you can take a snap shot using the camera icon at the top of the 3D view screen. This saves the view to a.jpg image file with the same name as the drawing for later reference. You can load that image into a report or you can load it back into the 2D diagram. 4) You can take as many snapshots as you want as you move around your 3D diagram. Anything that is on the screen will be recorded in the snapshot, including the 2D preview window. If you don t want the preview window to show up in the snapshot, click the X button to close it first, and then click the snapshot button. To restore the 2D preview window, just click the icon that shows a 2D view of an airplane, which is the same as the bird s eye view icon in the 2D program. 5) Default save location for Snap shots: 6) C:\Documents and Settings\My Name\My Documents\My Cad Zone\SnapShots 7) Now let s switch back to the 2D diagram and look at our snapshots. Here you can see a preview of all the snapshots you took of this diagram in the 3D Viewer. The Show All option lets you see all the snapshots in your folder, even those taken from other diagrams. 8) Select a snapshot and click the Place button. Then just click anywhere in your 2d diagram to place that image. Once placed in the diagram, you can re-size the image, move it, or delete it. To later recall the Snapshot Manager to view images, go to the 3D Tools and click on the Camera Icon in that tool box. 9) With this simple diagram, we have demonstrated all the basic features you need to create a 3D diagram and obtain snapshots of the views you want. A series of snapshots can be taken and used to make a simple Power Point or Movie maker animation (this is covered in the Advanced lessons.) 10) Advanced Program Features and Review: 11) Entity Properties Button: DISPLAYS current settings & can EDIT < Shows current layer name, line color & line settings This button also lets you EDIT properties for selected object(s) on screen. Click the OK to save new setting. ( Norm is a Reset button for normal line type settings.) 73

77 By clicking on the Entity Properties rectangular button it will bring up the header below so you can change current settings or modify selected object properties (click OK after): EXAMPLE: <<< Tells you that SCENE is your current layer The T lets you know you have a custom line type selected The W means you have set a custom line width set COMMAND LINE is the yellow line across the bottom screen, on the LEFT side: - prompts you for next steps required for the command - Where typed commands or typed distances appear. - Displays Object Properties: click on an object then move mouse slightly to view properties: length, angle, layer, radius, XYZ, elevation & area. Angle-Distance and XY Coordinates displayed dynamically at bottom right. MODIFY objects on screen, select by clicking with mouse (hold down Ctrl or Shift to select multiple objects) or use a crossing window: - Window: Left to Right: selects only the objects fully enclosed in the window area. - Window: Right to Left selects everything touched in the window. If you do not select the object first, you will get Selection Tool Options below with some of the Edit/Draw commands: 74

78 Working with 2D and 3D line types You can Change existing lines by first selecting them, then click on the line type you wish to make it into from the Line Types menu line icons shown above. Or draw using a pre-selected line type by first selecting the line type off the Line Types menu icons. You will see a small T appear in the properties rectangular box at the top to show you have a line type set. Then use any of the line or curve drawing commands. Click the Norm button to reset back to regular line. For 3D lane lines that convert to the 3D view, use the thick lane lines shown on the left side of the menu. Line Widths can be selected from the line icons shown, or if there is one you do not see offered, you can edit a line and click the W and type in a measured width. Do not use the pull down selections which are pixel widths only. EXERCISE: Start new drawing: 1.) use Easy Intersection to make a T-Intersection 2.) add vehicles, sign and crash symbol 3.) use the Curve & line commands to make vehicle paths 4.) edit lines to make into directional line types Tip: the arrows go in the direction they line was drawn. 75

79 The medians, guard rails, fences, culverts, raised reflectors, etc. will also show as 3D symbolic depictions. The 3D line types can have height set, colored and gaps added. To set height and color of the 3D line types: Select the 3D line then click the 3D Builder Button on the top speed bar. A dialog appears to set height and color of the 3D line type and the Maintain Line Type Color in 3D allows you to change the color and carry over into the 3D rendered surfaces too. EXERCISE: Using Easy Street offset for curved or straight sections of road Use Spline curve to make a gentle sweeping curve from top to bottom of screen that will one side of the road, then use the Easy Street offset command button from the Quick Pick menu to set number of lanes, widths, and line types and then apply: 1.) add some guard rails and fences to drawing 2.) size using the 3D builder button 3.) use the break command to make 2 small breaks 4.) then move section to show it broken 5.) make some regular lines and use the edit command to practice changing widths, color, and type. NOTE: the Easy Street command makes proper offsets and recalculates each increasing or decreasing radius of the curves for you mathematically and not just parallel copies. TIP for 3D LINEWORK: joining 3D points with a 3D line the Snaps MUST be on or your lines will only be 2D. Use this for roadwork and also for showing 3D Trajectories 76

80 EXERCISE: BULLET TRAJECTORY 1.) Open drawing called: 3d House Homicide.CZD 2.) Draw 2 points, which depict a bullet trajectory originating near bedroom doorway and a second point touching in front of the wall. 3.) Select first point near door and use 3D Builder to elevate 4, then select the 2nd point and elevate 6 (must click apply each time). 4.) Use the line command with the snaps turned on to draw a line between the 2 points. 5.) View in 3-D and experiment with using the Trajectory line types (there are different colors in case of cross fire to show the difference.) 6.) To calculate an elevation along a trajectory line or a road line, use the Point command and place a point somewhere on the 3D line or a 3D curve. Now use the crossing window (left to right) to select ONLY that point. Keep mouse near point and look down at the command line to see the calculated elevation of selected 3D point. 7.) To extend a 3D line (trajectory or other straight line) you can use the extend command. Pick the end of the line to extend and then type the distance to extend. 8.) Use the Slope Calculator tool to give you the angle and horizontal distance. TIP: in the Symbol Library under North + there are elevation posts you can use that show up in 3D viewer as shown below. (A protractor used in 3D Wall Evidence for angle: refer to Lesson 32 for how to insert symbols and photos onto vertical surface.) 77

81 Lesson 27: Useful Tips and Blot Out Function Blot Out is a new tool under the VIEW menu that works with text and symbols. Select the text or symbol to blot out, and use tool button or else bring up the right click menu and click on "Blot Out". This will make the background around the text or symbol opaque which will cover anything beneath it. Text on top of a hatch or fill with stand out more, a car symbol won't look like a road centerline is running over the top of it. Blot Color, also on the right click menu, lets you set the color of the "blot" so you can match a surface color. For example, you may wish have the blot color of a vehicle match the color of the surface the vehicle is on. Blot works on groups and multiple selected symbols. NOTE: You can automatically match the color on the screen by clicking on the match tool and then clicking on the hatch or fill on the screen. TIPS and Reminders: 1.) WHENEVER you seem to be having problems sometimes you have made setting changes you do not realize. Clicking on the Happy Face Reset RESTORES the DEFAULT settings for color, lines, layers and text. Use this whenever you import a drawing from another program which may have set defaults. 2.) WHEN you draw a line the information is displayed at the bottom right shows the angle and distance in real time. If you define an angle with mouse or set to ortho angle 0 you can just type in an exact distance. 3.) Object information with your mouse, select line, arc, circle, etc. and hold the mouse pointer just next to it for details to appear at the bottom left screen: 4.) SELECTING an object and typing: OI for Object Info displays details. 78

82 5.) Traps your mouse movement when drawing a line at: 0, 45 or 90 degrees when your mouse gets close and not as restricting as the ortho mode. 6.) Units: lets you to change your drawing units Feet or Meters and the number of decimal places or Fractional Inches DISPLAYED. This can be set when you first start a new drawing and changed at anytime during your job. If you notice numbers you enter are being rounded off check this setting and decimal places it is set to. Do not draw to any scale other than real world measurements (1:1) or your dimensions and symbols will no longer be to scale. The only time you SCALE the drawing is when you go to print and you can set the scale in the print menu. 7.) Coordinate display settings manual entry: lets you change your coordinate settings between: Relative, Absolute, and Base point methods (for advanced users only). Allows you to can change your 0,0 reference point to where you wish. 8.) FILE PATHING & SAVING FILES TO DIRECTORIES: To comply with new security measures by some agency IT staff that do not allow end users to save files to any other location but under MY DOCUMENTS we added a new feature. Depending if you have the check box checked or not under the UTILITIES pull-down > SETTINGS then go to the PATHS. Look at the bottom to see the "Use Special Folders" check box. If this box is CHECKED - everything you save will be in various folders stored under: C:\Documents and Settings\User Name\My Documents\My Cad Zone\ 9.) TO COPY YOUR DIAGRAM INTO A WORD DOCUMENT: - Have BOTH your CAD Zone Drawing and your Word document open. - use your mouse to highlight selection in Crash/CrimeZone - use the Copy to Clipboard (or type Ctrl C) - next switch to your Word document and Paste (or Ctrl V) to paste - use the corner handles in Word to resize image if needed 79

83 Lesson 28: Creating your own SYMBOLS Use the Create Symbol command to create your own symbols which may then be placed repeatedly in drawings. A bitmap preview button is automatically created in your Symbol Manager so you can later select the symbol you want and then click to place it. EXERCISE: Creating a Symbol: 1. Draw some objects to be included in your symbol. (If you have symbols from other CAD programs, open the dxf or dwg file to use those.) Or take existing symbol and modify. 2. Next select all the objects or the parts to be included in the new symbol by clicking on them or drawing a selection box around them so they are all highlighted. 3. Select the Draw pull-down menu > Symbol Tools > Create Symbol (or simply type YC on your keyboard) to bring this command up. Enter the symbol s name in box provided on the Settings Bar at the top of the Program Screen as shown below. Press Enter or click on OK. 5. You will be prompted in the command line at the bottom left to select your first and then a second handle point used for placing the symbol. The first handle point is the INSERTION point and the second allows you to set the rotation or orientation of the object. This is usually the center and top of object (use Ortho to keep aligned). 6.) The symbol will be then automatically saved to the folder specified in the Utilities > Settings > Paths. You can create directories and move symbol by simply using Windows File Explorer. Example: C:\Program Files\CAD Zone\Crash Zone 8\Symbols 01_Crash\00_Quick Pick ANOTHER WAY TO MAKE SYMBOLS IN CRASH/CRIMEZONE: Click the STAR Create Symbol icon located at the bottom of the Symbol Manager tool bar. 80

84 1.) The Symbol Create toolbox is displayed on the screen prompting you to enter a symbol name and click the enter button. 2.) Click in the symbol name field and enter a name Click onscreen Enter button located in dialog box 3.) Next we will need to assign two symbol handles for the symbol. Every symbol in the program has two handles: the first handle anchors the symbol, the second is the rotation finishing placement point. Keep in mind how your symbol will be placed in the drawing when assigning symbol handles to assist in their placement. For example vehicle handles are placed at the wheel centers, while a symbol that attaches to a wall, such as a refrigerator has handles that are placed at the back of the symbol. 4.) When prompted by the toolbox to Pick handle Pt 1 select the Auto Snap command from the Speed Bar located at the top of the program screen. Move the cursor to the symbol where the first handle is to placed (the rear wheel center in this example) and click the mouse to snap the handle point. 81

85 5.) The toolbox prompts you to Pick 2 nd handle point. Move the cursor to the symbol where the second handle is to be placed, (the front wheel center in this example) and click the mouse to snap the handle point. 6.) Click the OK button to create and save the symbol to the My Symbols folder located on the symbol manager. 7.) To place a saved custom symbol: Open the symbol manager by from the left-hand menu. 8.) Click the Symbol Groups drop down arrow from the upper-right corner of the symbol manager and select My Symbols from the displayed menu. 9.) The My Symbols group is displayed in symbol manger showing all of the custom symbols you have saved. 10.) Click the desired symbol icon and place it in the diagram in the same manner you would with any symbol. 82

86 TO CREATE 3-D SYMBOLS: Make your own 3D objects with 3D builder, use predrawn symbols or combine both. When you group objects to become a symbol, the objects will insert into your drawing and appear only to be a 2D object. EXPLODE them ONCE and it will render them back to 3D! If you explode most other 3D symbols in the library it will only be viewed as 2D with the following exceptions: Tractor with trailer unit symbols, can be exploded once and then pivot the trailer and tractor to show turning movement. Dining room table and chairs can be exploded one time so you can move the chairs out. To create these symbols you must first create each as a separate object. Then group them one time. When the objects are made into a symbol this groups them all together once more. EXERCISE: 3D Builder allows you to set height and elevate objects. (Also add wall and roof fill to create easy 3D buildings and rooms. 1.) Draw a square and a circle beside each other but not touching. 2.) Select one of the objects and then click the 3D builder to enter: height, wall paint, and roof. Next, do the other objects using different elevations and colors. 3.) Make into objects into a symbol. Go to MY Symbols, find it, and insert it into your drawing. 4.) View in 3D. Explode inserted symbol. View again in 3D. 83

87 ADVANCED CRASH / CRIME ZONE Lesson 29: Advanced Edit, Text and Label functions The EDIT drawer offers additional drawing Editing Tools as shown: Linear Copy: Great for making a chain of objects like special fence or barricade Move Point: Allows you to move a point it will also update attached line work! Mirror: Allows you to flip object(s) vertically or horizontally Stretch & Window Stretch: Reshape grouped/ungrouped objects using a selection window around the endpoints or sides you want to stretch. Then click a start and end point to show the distance and direction the object(s) to be stretched. Scale: Resize objects to set scale (scale air photo to 1:1 or enlarge a detail to scale) Group: Make selected drawing objects into one movable object (such as symbols are). Be careful or you may lose some 3D features by grouping/ ungrouping Ungroup or Explode: Breaks apart grouped objects into individual components and turns 3D objects into 2D. Cut Out Detail: Select a window area that you want copied. This command is ideal to enlarge an area to show detail of crush damage or crime scene. EXERCISE: Practice with each above edit commands in your current drawing. Tip: Advanced Filter Command SF : - advanced filter lets you select criteria and after type SA for them to all be selected allowing you to move, change layers, delete and other EDIT functions. 84

88 Lesson 30: Text and Dimensions Tool box functions Quick Text allows you to add any text quickly by typing it into the enter text area. You can also choose to save your commonly used text in the list, add instant leaders and size text before inserted. Text Line and Instant Leader commands Edit allows you to modify text, dimensions and any other objects on-screen Bubble Labels are great for evidence and other markers Quick Dimension will show scaled dimensions from points in the drawing. Again, it is important that everything be drawn to 1:1 scale so the automatic dimensioning functions ensure actual readings. Angular Dimension: Click vertex, then the 2 rays to place angular dimension. Radial Dimension: Radius of CIRCLE or an ARC labeled automatically Measure Distance or Angle: Click between 2 points on screen to get distance or 2 points and the vertex to get the angle reading. Area Calculator: Click to outline the shape you want the area calculated for and watch the top bar calculate dynamically. Click Place Area Text button to have text appear. Slope Calculator: Click 2 points to give the following that will automatically insert into a text box to place in diagram: TIP: For area of a circle, polygon, ellipse, rectangle or other shape, click on the desired shape to highlight then move your mouse slightly to view properties on the bottom left, gives you area, perimeter, layer and other properties. EXERCISE: 1) Select Quick Dimension, click the 2 points you want dimensioned. Be sure you have your SNAP ON. Move your mouse to place the dimension in location where desired. 2) The dimensions off the diagram can still be typed in the window if you wish to round it off or add a note. 3) To set the units displayed, go to the top speed bar to the Units you want and also the number of decimal places shown. 4) Use the EDIT button afterwards if you need to move, edit or slide text over. 85

89 Lesson 31: More Viewing Options contains other viewing commands not found at the top speed bar: Pan: To pick new center of screen (center your object) Birds Eye View: See an overview of your diagram/window. Name View: Saves a specific view under a name you specify Zoom View: Recalls your named view(s). Night Vision: Turns background black for night viewing/white for daytime. GRIDS: Grid Display command is used to turn the visible display of the grid points on or off making it easier to draw at 90 degrees (like using graph paper). It is ideal for use in a room or building layout. Use the preset grid sizes or the? to set custom grid spacing. Use the Grid Origin (type GO ) command to move the display/snap grid so that a specified point of the drawing falls exactly on a grid point Lesson 32: 3D Tools and Functions 3D VIEW switches from 2D to 3D view modes 3D BUILDER The 3D Builder tool differentiates between Line objects, Points, and Symbols. Different options appear in the dialog box depending on what type of object is selected. 86

90 Line Objects - When Line objects are selected 3D builder prompts for Wall Height (Extrusion) and Elevation. Points - When Points are selected, you are prompted for an elevation height only. The Wall Height option becomes inactive. Symbols - When Symbols are selected 3D Builder prompts for Symbol Height and Elevation. You can now set the individual height of a symbol. For example you may set a tree s elevation to 100 ft tall, an SUV be 5 3 tall and so on. When you set a 3D height to an object it will not affect the length or width of the symbol preventing it from becoming skewed out of shape to provide you with an accurate representation. VERTICAL WALL EVIDENCE Show crime scene evidence on walls, furniture, etc. and great for making custom Road Signs or adding text to sides of vehicles, etc. You can also add a DIGITAL PHOTO onto a Vertical Surface and scale it. You can also insert an image as a background or as a building facade. Exercise: 1.) Select the red Vertical Wall Evidence button from your 3D tool drawer 2.) Select the wall (or line with a height applied) where you wish to add evidence and/or and text. NOTE: If you have points that you measured such bullet holes or other measured points BE SURE you SELECT them BEFORE you click on the wall so that they will appear in your front view. 3.) Define what side of the wall/line you want the information and evidence to appear 4.) Next you will get a split screen, the top showing the surface or wall you are facing and the bottom your original plan view of your drawing with a red icon with an E on the line. 5.) You can maximize the wall view and begin to draw and add text onto that vertical surface just like a 2D drawing. You can only place 2D symbols on vertical surfaces i.e. bullet holes, hand print, text, dimensions and colored fill shapes, Interstate signs, etc.) Click the Finish dialog when done. 87

91 6.) For a blood spatter can insert a digital photo on the vertical wall and trace over it with solid fill from your digital photo. Be sure you place a couple of reference points in the photo that you measured so you can line up the photo precisely on the wall. 7.). Do not delete this red E icon in your 2D view because it stores your data and can be used to recall the vertical view for later editing. Instead go to UTILITIES > SETTINGS > SYSTEM and uncheck the Wall Evidence Icon check box. 8.) Sometimes you may need to move the red E icon a tiny fraction forward of surface for better visibility. This is because they are on the exact same vertical plane. TIP: to add evidence to front of counter, back of sofa, etc. create a small false wall by drawing a line and giving it a height and elevation. Place evidence, text, etc. on the false wall. When done delete the wall and the evidence, text, etc. will remain. EXERCISE: Making an Interstate Sign 1.) Draw a horizontal line that is 20 long. 2.) Use 3D-Builder to make it 3 high, elevate 20 and add green paint 3.) Place a pole (circle) at one end - 23 high and gray walls and roof. 4.) View in 3 D to check 5.) Pick Vertical Wall Evidence icon, click line, then below to pick side (watch command line it tells you what to do) 6.) You will get split screen with top one being Wall Evidence front view (if you have too many other diagrams open close them and just keep your current sign drawing and the Wall Evidence view open.) 7.) Draw on the rectangle which is the front of the sign. Put Ortho Angle on then add text and add sign symbol for an Interstate sign on there. 8.) Once the Interstate sign is where you want, explode the Interstate sign to edit text to an Interstate near you (you can regroup after if you wish). 88

92 9.) Click the FINISH on the floating box and you return to your previous drawing. NOTE: Do NOT erase the RED E icon or you lose your wall evidence data too. Instead go to the Utilities > Settings >System and uncheck the Wall Evidence Icon box. This only hides the icon from view. Easy DOORS and WINDOWS: Lets you place precise doors and windows in 2D and 3D. Define opening type, dimensions, wall placement or hinge point automatically trims out wall lines. EXERCISE: 1.) Draw a 40X50 rectangle 2.) Make it 9 high wall using 3D-Builder button and add wall paint (no roof) 3.) Place a few doors and windows. View in 3D. 4.) Add a 3D roof using the EASY ROOF as explained below: Easy STAIRS & RAMPS Easy Stairs is an easy-to-use tool for building stairs, ladders, and ramps in 2D and 3D. Five pre-drawn templates are provided to help you quickly get started. Choose between creating stairs or convert them to ramps, with just one click. Create accurate stairs by entering values for rise, tread and width of the steps, as well as the height and length of the stair case, add railings and more. (Refer to Chapter 11 for more details or use? for Help). EASY ROOF for instant 3D Rooflines 1) select roof type from the 9 + options 2) peak height and elevation off ground 3) select color and layer you want it saved to 4) click place roof and snap to lower left corner and scale dynamically Note: can be moved and sized afterwards using grips. You can have sections over lapping to show intersecting roof lines and adding dormers. Watch for direction of roof line when stretching since has set direction when inserted. (Use? top right for Help). EZ BODY POSER is a complete tool for creating and posing bodies in your diagrams. Automatically create and pose a body by selecting pre-set options and then manipulating a wire frame stick-figure to position it. When finished, a realistic 2D plan view of the posed body is placed in the diagram. A 3D body reflecting the 2D pose appears when the 3D Viewer is opened. See Lesson 10 for more details or use the? at the top right to bring up help system. 89

93 Lesson 33: Making 3D Surfaces EASY SURFACE TOOLS Use surfaces to create 3D road surfaces, landscapes and other sloped surfaces. Easy Surface uses a Triangulated boundary fill which is not to be confused with hatch patterns which are only 2D. To create a 3D surface you select or snap to 3D points and 3D line work. CAD Zone provides a unique method of generating accurate 3D surfaces that require fewer points and allows better control. SURFACE SETTINGS OPTIONS Controls the display of your 3D surfaces such as: Surface Color, Layer, Hide surface, Show Facets (lines). Plus Auto Surface settings for Density, Triangle angle parameters. Send Surfaces to Back: sends all surface fills to the background for better viewing. 1.) If you have 3D point data from a total station or laser and want to create a 3D surface to show the road, the following steps guide you through making surfaces. 2.) Select Surface Settings from the 3D pull-down menu or from the 3D Tools on the lefthand toolbox. Set surface color, layer, and surface density. Surface Density only applies when Auto Surfacing between lines or curves. Note: It s also helpful to turn Show Facets on. (see Surface Settings) To see the facets in the 3D Viewer open up Preferences (in the 3D Viewer) and check the Render with Facets (Include Surfaces) box. 3.) Select the POINTS or LINES to surface between. 4.) Select the Auto Surface command from the 3D pull-down menu or from the 3D Tools on the left-hand toolbox. 5.) A surface will be generated automatically. 6.) If no objects were selected an error message will pop up informing you nothing is selected and to select points, lines, or curves. 7.) After the surface is created open up Surface Settings and click on the button, Send Surfaces to Back. 90

94 EASY SURFACE MANUAL SELECT SURFACES Use your 3-D Points, Lines and Curves to generate accurate surfaces. You can SNAP anywhere on a 3D LINE or 3D CURVE and the program calculates a 3D point it snaps to. For more complex shapes or if you have limited 3D points and lines to work with, you can generate your surfaces manually in sections as shown in example following. TIP: When generating a surface manually use a zigzag pattern. Be sure you have the Snap ON and select points closer together along curves for smoother results. You can snap to any combination of: 3D points, lines and curves. Use the UNDO to go back one step if needed. Generate a series of smaller surfaces to create your complete surface drawing and set colors and layers in the Surface Settings. To do a 4-way intersection with curves and manually create surfaces in sections (sections are shown in different colors just for illustration purposes.): Use Auto Surface to define surfaces between any selected points, lines, or curves with one click. A series of triangles will be connected between the selected entities. With Auto Surface you will either be surfacing between selected points, selected lines, selected curves, or a combination of the three. Auto Surface is great for connecting a cloud of points used to define terrain such as a hillside. The program automatically connects all of the points with triangles to form a complete surface with no gaps. 91

95 AUTO SURFACE also makes it easy to surface between two sides of a roadway defined by selecting the actual points, lines, or curves that define the roads edge. If you just pick the lines defining the road, the Triangle density is set in the Surface Settings feature. The default setting is 5 feet. This determines the maximum length of the base of each triangle. Surfacing Between Two Lines or Curves Select the two lines that define the roadway. You can select between multiple lines, curves, and points and experiment with the results. Select the Auto Surface command from the 3D pull-down menu or from the 3D Tools on the left-hand toolbox. A surface will be generated automatically. After the surface is created open up Surface Settings and click on the button, Send Surfaces to Back. Note: If it doesn t look like all surface has been sent to back simply click on the Send Surfaces to Back button again. Note: It s also helpful to turn Show Facets on. (see Surface Settings) To see the facets in the 3D Viewer open up Preferences (in the 3D Viewer) and check the Render with Facets (Include Surfaces) box. Extra Triangles - Due to the nature of the Auto Surface feature extra triangles may be created. This tends to happen on curved roads or roads with extreme elevation changes. These triangles can be selected and deleted. Unwanted Triangles (Automatically Remove) Unwanted triangles tend to show up in two categories: narrow slivers with a minimum angle less than 5 and wide or fat triangles with a maximum angle greater 92

96 than 120. Surface setting has two check boxes that if checked will NOT create a triangle that falls within these angle ranges. The preset values of 5 and 120 are rough settings based on our own experimentation. These values can be changed and one or both of the boxes checked or unchecked. You will have to experiment with the settings depending on your surface area. Sometimes you ll want the skinnier (sliver) triangles to fill in an area with extreme elevation changes or turns. Make you setting changes. Select your lines or curves to Auto Surface. Auto Surface. If it doesn t come out right then UNDO, modify your settings, and try again. If you get close but not perfect, manually erase or add triangles to finish the surface. EXERCISE: 1.) In the drawing folder open: the Surface_Road.czd sample drawing 2.) There are 4 sections of a road surface. Use the far Left one with just points. 3.) Window to select all the points on the far left and click AUTO Surface. Do it all in a light gray color which should be your default in the Surface Settings. Note: If you Uncheck the last box in the Surface Settings (triangle max) it looks better on the top end and closes. Experiment with this to see differences. 4.) Once you have the surface done, hold down your shift and quickly click all the side slope triangles on both sides of the road. Click the properties button to edit and change to GREEN color. 5.) Draw a guard rail on one side of the road snapping to points. Put a car on the road and view in 3D. 6.) Do a 3D Symbol Align to Surface with the car, view again in 3D. The following examples show the results using Auto Surface and modifying the settings. Starting with measured sides of a Curved 3D Roadway: 93

97 Auto Surface - both boxes un-checked, extra surface triangles: Auto Surface both boxes checked as shown below will allow you to control these situations that exceed the specified values. Cleaned up slivers and fat triangles but left a small gap at the middle of the road. This could easily be fixed by manually adding a couple of surface triangles using the Easy Surface command. Auto Surface bottom box checked as shown below, do not create fat triangles that exceed the specified value. No triangles with a maximum angle of 120 were created. If you expected the narrow sliver triangles to show up keep in mind that of the three angles that make up the triangles, even the sliver triangles might contain an angle greater than 120 and therefore wouldn t be created. This setup created a completely surfaced roadway: 94

98 Auto Surface - top box checked as shown below, do not create sliver triangles that exceed the specified value. No triangles with a minimum angle of 5 were created. One fat triangle was created. Two smaller triangles in the middle of the road were not created and would need to be added manually. The fat triangle can be selected and deleted. 3D View of the roadway examples below: 3D SYMBOL ALIGN (to Plane) This command allows you to align symbols onto a 3D Surface plane. To use this, first select the symbol then select 3D Symbol Align (to Plane) icon button. Next click the surface near the symbol onto define the plane to align on to. Have your snaps OFF. 95

99 3D SYMBOL ALIGN FREE This command allows you to align symbols to 3 coordinate points that define a 3D plane. You can shoot the bottom of the vehicle to get 3 points that define a plane or else calculate and generate manual points if needed. It is useful in depicting a vehicle that is not sitting on a surface (i.e. angled in a ditch, air borne, rolling, etc. or a motorcycle doing a wheelie or tilting as it example show below.) Also useful for leaning a street sign or power pole too. STEPS: First select the symbol to align then go to the 3D Tools to the 3D Symbol Align Free button. Check to be sure your SNAPS are ON then snap to the 3 points defining the imaginary plane the object is on. See example below for ideas: RESET places the symbol back to zero ground plane if you need to start over. 96

100 EASY PROFILE Easy Profile is a useful tool for creating line-of-site views of 3D diagrams and crosssections. Easy Profile offers two methods of generating a profile graph: 1.) Profile Method works best for showing Line-of-Sight from one vehicle to an object or other vehicle in a straight line. 2.) Travel Distance Method creates a graph out of the profile line that includes elevation and actual distance traveled along the path incorporating horizontal and vertical changes. Use this method to profile sections of winding S curves, or to determine the elevation of the road anywhere along the path. The actual travel distance of these elements are included in the profile section. For example, 500 feet of road in a straight line from start to finish could equal 520 feet of actual distance when the travel distance of the curves and elevations of hills are added. To generate a profile line: 1) Snap to measured 3D points to draw a 3D continuous line or 3D splined curve depicting center line or lane of travel. 2) Select the Easy Profile command off the from the 3D Tools menu. 3) Click on the screen to place the profile line and graph. 4.) Use Profile Settings to determine the grid spacing and if you want Travel or Profile method. 5) If needed, modify the profile graph. The profile graph is grouped together for easy selection and re-positioning. Use the Un-Group or Explode commands to un-group the graph before editing it. This illustration shows the example roadway used for the Easy Profile feature: 97

101 Note: Easy Profile works best with regular lines and curves not custom line types and ensure it is all one continuous line or curve (not an arc or a series of separate lines). Add Symbols such as side views of bodies, vehicles, or trees by snapping them to the profile line to create a line-of-sight diagram. Create a Line-of-Sight line to show the crest of a road or other objects. In 3D Viewer position your camera for various vantage points. Slope Calculator: Calculates the Horizontal distance, Slope distance, % of slope and angle between any two 3 dimensional points. To use this feature: 1) Click on the Pick Point 1 button then pick the first point you on your diagram 2) Click the Pick Point 2 button, then select the second point on your diagram 3) I will bring up the dialog and calculations as shown in the dialog box below. 4) Results can be automatically inserted into a text box and placed in diagram using the Place Quick Text button: 98

102 Lesson 34: 3-D Viewer (3D Rendering) 3D Viewer (activated with licensed 3D version). This takes you from your 2D diagram into a dynamic 3D view. Use the camera, target, arrow keys and your mouse to maneuver within the 3D view. These views can be instantly saved as jpg files using the camera button, then inserted into your drawing, a document, printed separately or make a slide show animation. Snap Shot Manager stores any 3D images saved that were taken in the 3D Viewer. Provides a quick Animate Preview and the ability to Place the images right into your diagram using the Place button. These images are stored in the SNAPSHOTS folder as JPG files and stored in these default folders depending on your Utilities > Settings > Paths: With the Special Folders check box NOT checked: C:\Program Files\CAD Zone\Crash Zone 8\SnapShots With the Special Folders button checked: C:\Documents and Settings\Your Name\My Documents\My Cad Zone\SnapShots 3D VIEWER SPEED BAR COMMANDS: 2-D Bird s Eye view of your scene (move camera and target manually) 3D VIEWING PREFERENCE SETTING: wire frame, step distance, background colors, render options, ground surface on/off, 3D Export and other important settings. Takes you BACK to your 2D view CAMERA Height (where you are viewing from) TARGET Height (where you are looking toward) SNAP SHOT saves your current 3D view as a JPG file (Turn off birds-eye preview box unless you want it in the picture.) - TIP: for higher resolution JPG set your screen resolution higher in your Display Settings. (For poster enlargements of the 3D views turn up the screen resolution to maximum and you can also use a utility program called Hyper snap: They have a free download trial version and it costs just $35 to buy and this program allows you to save to a TIFF format and reduces pixilation in enlargements.) 99

103 LIGHTING CONTROL allows you to set shading (SMOOTH render must be ON) Top and Side Views Perspective Views The Preferences toolbox is where you manipulate the settings used by 3D Viewer: The following items can be set on the Preferences toolbox and these settings affect how the 3D models are displayed. Render - displays the drawing with solid-color fills but hides the facets (edges). This gives the rendered objects a less defined look as shown below: Render With Facets - displays the drawing with solid-color fills and the facets (edges) that make up the 3D surfaces. This gives the drawing a more defined, realistic look as below, although it can be somewhat slower to redraw the model: 100

104 Render With Facets (Include Surface) - displays the drawing with solid-color fills and the facets (edges) that make up the 3D surfaces. This option also displays the edges of the surfaces generated using the Easy Surface and Auto Surface features: Wire frame - just displays the skeleton of the 3D objects in the drawing with no shading. On a complicated drawing this method can speed up the redraw time dramatically: Wire frame Drag - when turned on, this option switches to the wire frame display mode just while you change the view. This can speed up the transition from one view to another. Turn this off if you want to see the solid-color fills as you change views. Colors - the settings used to change the display colors. Background Color sets the color of the background or sky. Ground Plane Color sets the color of the ground plane, which is the surface on which the model sits. 101

105 Show Ground Plane (check box) displays the ground plane when checked and hides it when un-checked. The Ground Plane is a helpful visual aid when changing views and comparing objects and points above and below the zero elevation level. Camera/Target - These are the settings used to control the incremental movement of the camera and target when you use the mouse, the Move and Rotate buttons on the Speed bar, or the numeric keypad to rotate the scene. Rotate Camera Around Target - With this option selected, the target remains stationary and the camera (viewpoint) is moved each time you use one of the rotation methods. This option is ideal for viewing the entire diagram. The model is always rotated around the vertical, or Z, axis. If you continue to click the Rotate button you will walk the camera completely around the target, giving you a 360 degree view of the entire model. Rotate Target Around Camera - The camera (viewpoint) remains stationary and the target is moved each time you select one of the rotation methods. This method is ideal for setting up a walk through where you navigate through the scene. It is like standing in one place and rotating your body around to view each side of a room. Step Distance - is the distance the camera and target move each time you use the Move keys on the Speed bar or the arrow keys on the keyboard. On a big drawing you might want to move in 5 foot or 10 foot increments. If you re trying to position yourself in a vehicle for a view out the window you might set the step distance smaller, say to 2", in order to make minor adjustments. Step Angle - is the number of degrees the view changes each time you use one of the rotate buttons on the Speed bar or the rotate keyboard keys. Zoom In/Out Factor - This is a percentage setting that determines how much the screen magnifies when using the Zoom In and Zoom Out features in the 3D Viewer. In actuality, this affects the distance the camera moves towards or away from the target when selected. If the factor is set to 50% then zooming in would cause the camera to move half the distance to the target from its current location. 3D Export This feature allows you to export or save the 3D drawing as an AutoCAD DWG or DXF file. This is a handy feature if you want to export all of your 3D data to another program such as AutoCAD or 3D Studio. SAVING 3D SURFACES: EXPORT TO DXF OR DWG FORMATS: To save 3D surfaces including symbols and line types: 1.) Go into 3D VIEW mode 2.) Click on the "PREFERENCES" button at the top left 3.) Be sure it is set to RENDER WITH FACETS (include surfaces)" 4.) A the bottom of this Preferences dialog, you will see a button that says: "3D EXPORT" and select to save as DXF or DWG for export to AutoCAD & other programs. 102

106 LIGHTING CONTROL allows you to set shading (SMOOTH render must be ON in the 3D Viewer Preferences settings): 103

107 Lesson 35: Merge 2 Jobs Main uses: for adding new evidence to existing diagrams, adding new scene information to a template of an intersection or adding to your scene at a later date. Merging two drawings each containing 2 common points (or a common line) that will be used to align the two drawings together. (Tip: you can use top of a fire hydrant, manhole center, power pole, survey marker, stop bar, etc.) 1. Open your first drawing which will become your BASE drawing. 2. Merge your second drawing (File > Merge) into your base drawing but be sure you place it off to one side, away from your base drawing. 3. Now select the merged drawing or pick specific objects you want to Align onto your base drawing. You can use a window to select all of it. (Turn on the Auto Snap option for the next steps). 4. Now run the Align command by either typing AG or go to the Edit/Modify drop down menu to, "Align Common Points". This will help you precisely place your merged data overtop of your base using 2 common points. 5. It prompts you to Pick common (pivot) point of the first selected objects. So snap to the first common point on your merged drawing. Next click on the second common point on this same drawing. 6. Next, snap to the first corresponding common point on the base diagram (this becomes your pivot point) now snap to your second common point on your base to complete the alignment. 7. TIPS: If you make a mistake use the UNDO button and try again. You can also follow the instructions on the command line when using this command to help you keep track of your steps and it will prompt you what to do next. 104

108 Lesson 36: Depicting Crush Damage VARIOUS METHODS OF DEPICTING CRUSH USING MEASUREMENTS: Option #1: You can import data from PhotoModeler, iwitness, spreadsheet manual measurement or electronic devices for taking crush measurements and show damage. Imported 3D data will show 3D wire frame of crush and you can insert a scaled exemplary vehicle symbol so you can see the crush depth. Here is a tip: I keep the vehicle symbols in the main scene drawing area as 3D (unexploded) symbols and use a hatch pattern to show where the damage is since you cannot crush the 3D symbols in this program yet and keep the 3D properties: 1.) I make a copy of the vehicle and place off to one side away from drawing. 2.) Explode so you can depict crush damage. 3.) Use measurement data and trip, break and stretch commands to modify the exploded symbol. Add dimensions to show crush depth. 4.) Make a copy of this one with all the crush detail and data and put in on a different layer called Crush detail and now turn that layer off to preserve the scaled model. 5.) Go back to the original crush model and use the SCALE command to make it 2 or 3 times bigger. Draw a circle around the image and add text for new scale. (i.e. Enlarge 3X). Now use a leader (arrow) to point out the vehicle in the main drawing. 6.) Draw a cir detailed crush off to one corner with a circle around it with a leader arrow pointing to the vehicle. Label the vehicle name and scale factor you have used such as x3. The vehicle enlarged detail below was first exploded (becomes 2D) and then the vehicle symbol was stretched and lines trimmed or removed to fit the exact measurements (red points) as shown below: 105

109 <You can also show damage area with hatching. IDEA FOR 3D PERSPECTIVE DAMAGE DEPICTION: insert the vehicle symbol (s) scale XYZ and set proper color of symbol go into 3D view, take a snapshot of the symbol from the side you want to view place snapshot (jpg) into the 2D view and put hatching to show damaged area Option #2: VEHICLE DATABASE SPECS (Quick Pick menu) You can use the scaled outline from the specs table to show crush & vehicle specs: 106

110 Option #3: CRASHZONE can be used to map accurate crush to take measurements off and also in 2D and also viewed in 3D Viewer as shown below: Use laser, total station, Photogrammetry, coordinate import or manual entry to get the 3D wire frame results above. The 2D view can be used to overlay an exemplar vehicle to take crush measurements. Accident Reconstructionist and Excel Spreadsheet guru, Greg Russell, has made an Excel Spread sheet and instructions on using a simple tape outline method with offsets to measure and depict accurate 2D and 3D crush. It generates a coordinate list that can then easily be imported into CrashZone. Contact Anna for a free copy of his spread sheet and instructions sent to you in an anna@cadzone.com Option #4: USE OF OVERHAD PHOTOGRAPHS: (Tip from Mike Allard of Northeast Diagramming Services): 107

111 Lesson 37: System Settings This dialog allows for various system and drawing settings. Use Settings to help refine your diagramming tools to fit you specific needs. Search Tolerance - Sets the maximum distance in on-screen inches (or meters), the mouse pointer may be from an object for The Diagram Program to snap to it or select it. This also sets the tolerance used for Auto Snap mode; if Auto Snaps is turned on, the program searches for the closest endpoint or object that is within the Search Tolerance distance. Cursor Size - Specifies, in on-screen inches (or meters), the size of the cursor s horizontal and vertical cross hairs. For example, a value of 1.0 sets the cursor size to 1 inch. To specify a full-screen cursor, type 0. Auto Backup - If Backup is checked, The Diagram Program will automatically save your work with the existing filename. When checked, all named drawings, in all document windows will be saved at the specified interval. Only drawings that are named and have changed (i.e., entities added, deleted, moved, etc.) will be automatically saved. Named drawings to which no changes have been made will not be saved. If you have not yet assigned a name to the drawing, Auto Backup will perform a Save As and prompt you to enter a filename. Note: Drawings saved during Auto Backup are saved with a.bak extension. This gives you a backup file independent of the working file with the.czd extension. This is a safety built in to protect your work if the working file is somehow corrupted. You can open the backup file using the File Open command and selecting the.bak extension from the Files of Type pull-down. Min - Specifies the interval, in minutes, at which drawings will be automatically saved. The Diagram Program will not save at the specified interval if a dialog box, such as the 108

112 Text Editor or Assign Script, is open or a tool is active. Once the dialog is closed or the operation completed the file is saved. Display Colors Options - These options let you change the color of the drawing background, cursor, selected objects, and the rubber band line. Clicking on any item displays a drop-down list of available colors. Note: Choosing a background color changes only how the drawing appears on the screen. Because The Diagram Program does not print or plot the background, the background color does not affect printed output. Display Options These options let you determine how or whether certain items are displayed on the screen as well as in a print or plot of the drawing. Turning off the display of some of these items can reduce the visual clutter in the drawing and increase the speed of redraws. Construction Points - Specifies if geometric construction handle points are displayed and printed or plotted. Symbol Handles - Specifies if symbol handle points are displayed. Selection Handles - Specifies if selection handle points (blue boxes) are displayed when an object or objects are selected. Scrollbars - Specifies if the scrollbars are to be displayed on the screen or not. Points Specifies if Points are to be displayed on the screen or not. Attributes Specifies if attributes imported into the diagram are to be displayed on the screen or not. Flat End Cap When selected thick lines are squared off at each end. When unselected, thick lines have rounded ends. Sometimes a rounded end looks better at the corners of connected lines. NOTE: Check OFF if saving to Windows Metafile format to keep color settings. General Options These are an extension of the Display options and other settings. Right Button = Snap End Point - Programs the right-mouse button to perform a Snap End Point (closest point) instead of bringing up the context sensitive menu. This is especially useful for compatibility with previous versions of The Diagram Program. Show Startup Dialog When checked determines if the Learning Center Opening Screen is displayed when the Diagram Program is opened. Use Old Symbol Manager When checked loads the old Symbol Manager used in previous version of The Diagram Program. Floating Prompts When checked determines if the floating instructional prompts will be displayed on the program screen in seconds. Wall Evidence Icon If un-checked the red wall evidence icon will not be displayed in your 2D diagram. The wall evidence will still be displayed on the walls in the 3D Viewer. 109

113 Advanced Options These settings were created to work with Cad Zone strategic partners, tying Cad Zone diagrams into various reporting packages. Use File Locking - when checked, another Diagram Program user on your network cannot modify subsequently opened drawings until the drawing is saved or closed. Other users can only open, view, and copy the drawing. Save TIFF With Drawing Saves a tiff image of the drawing every time the drawing is saved. Save JPG With Drawing - Saves a jpg image of the drawing every time the drawing is saved. PATHS Tab From the Paths tab you can verify and set the paths for any files saved and opened in the diagram program. Lock All Paths Check this box to maintain the paths currently set. If un-checked, paths will change to match the path a file was opened from or saved to. Use Special Folders If this box is checked then the program will re-direct all diagram program settings, diagrams, and images under My Documents. This feature was designed to work with the growing number of systems that are locked down and don t allow the user to save or write to their C drive except for designated areas such as My Documents. This feature also works on systems with My Documents mapped to a server where all files can be saved and backed up by the system administrator. Import/Export Tab Allows you to change units for data import from a dxf or dwg drawing. For example someone gives you a drawing in INCHES, you can change the import units to Inches. Be sure to reset after back to feet or meters. 110

114 Lesson 38: Print Functions DRAWINGS ARE ALWAYS MADE 1:1 SO MEASUREMENTS AND DIMENSIONS REFLECT REAL WORLD UNITS. THE ONLY TIME YOU SCALE YOUR DIAGRAM IS IN THE PRINT FUNTION MENU FOR OUTPUT AND NEVER SCALE THE DRAWING ITSELF. The available options allow for full control over standard print features such as orientation and size along with a variety of options for improving print output and performance. Printer - the printer section displays the currently active printer. To change the printer select the Setup button. Page Size - the page size is dependent on the installed printer. To change the page size or review other sizes supported by the current driver select the Setup button. Print Scale - the print scale setting displays the current scale factor for printing. The value is only used when the scale option is selected. Values are entered in paper units versus real world coordinates. For example, 1 in = 48 in will print the drawing at quarter inch scale (48''/12'' = 4 ). The Real World units always reflect the smallest unit in the current system settings. For example, when the current units are ft-in the smallest unit is the inch. Update - used to update the print preview screen after changes have been made to the print settings. Fit to Paper, Current View or Scale - defines the mode the current print job is to use. The drawing can be scaled automatically to fit the current paper size, scaled to display the current view to fit the page or to a factor entered. Portrait or Landscape - paper orientation between horizontal (landscape) and vertical (portrait). 111

115 Copies - sets the number of copies to print. Stamp provides options to include a page number, filename, scale, time and date stamp on the printed page. Pen Width Adjusts the thickness that the lines in the diagram will be printed in. It does not change the actual lines in the diagram itself. Print to File - send the output to a file on disk. The Diagram Program will prompt for a file path and name after the Print button is selected. Selection Only - prints only the selected entities in the drawing. All Colors to Black - prints all entities in black regardless of their color. Close after Print Closes the Print Dialog after the print is completed. If this option is not checked the Print Dialog remains open until manually closed. Text Rotate Adjust - Overrides your printers default settings. Use when your text is printing at incorrect angles. Vectorize All Text Changes all True Type fonts in the diagram into a Vectorized font format for the purpose of printing the diagram. It does not change the font in the actual diagram itself. Setup - used to select a new printer or initiate the driver setup for the active printer. Center - centers the drawing on the given page based on the current margin settings. Tip: The Print command uses the standard Windows drivers for output to the printer. If your printed drawing does not look correct or if you have other problems printing, you may need to obtain updated printer drivers from your printer manufacturer. Fit to paper fits image to current printer paper size set. You may wish to use a scale bar symbol to show scale if you use this print option. The Current View setting only previews what you have showing on screen. Use the Scale to set precise output scale. If uses more than one piece of paper you will see red dashed lines of print tiling for each sheet required. You can choose to print all or selected sheets only and MOVE the diagram around in the Print PREVIEW! Sheets selected will highlight as shown below: 112

116 If you need to make an enlargement and want your lines to show up darker in your print you do not need to modify your drawing, use the Pen Width setting to darken. (Note will not modify line width is a real world width setting is applied to maintain accuracy: Use to darken line work just for printing Printing 3D Snapshots taken in 3D View mode: the snapshots are saved as jpg files in the Snapshot folder and named the same as the drawing and then numbered sequentially. (Turn up screen resolution in Control Panel to get higher resolution.) You can also place a snapshot in your drawing, select it and in the print menu use the SELECTION ONLY option and fit to paper and print right from CrashZone or CrimeZone. You can also select any part of your drawing and not just snapshots to use this selection only function: CAD ZONE programs include a PDF driver. If you need to send a file to someone to view or print that does not have CAD Zone software then this is a great format to send files as. After you saved your work, go to the FILE pull down and select SAVE AS. In the file formats pull-down you will see the PDF option. You can also save to a PDF file from the Print Set up but it is easier to save as a PDF. 113

117 TO COPY YOUR DIAGRAM INTO A WORD DOCUMENT: - Have BOTH your CAD Zone drawing and your Word document open. - use your mouse to highlight selection in CrashZone/CrimeZone. - use the Copy to Clipboard (or type Ctrl C) - next switch to your Word document and Paste (or Ctrl V) to place - use the corner handles in Word to resize if needed Lesson 39: Animation Easy Animation Put your drawings into motion with the new Easy Animation tools introduced in version 8.3! Now you can create simple key frame animations that follow 2D or 3D paths depicting the vehicle line of travel. Use measured evidence data to establish an accurate line of travel. The line path can consist of lines, arcs, and curves or combinations of these snapped together. Then apply Key Event Points (referred to as KEPs throughout the rest of this document), at the beginning of the animation path and at locations along the path and where variation in the control speed or rotation (yaw, pitch, and roll) occur The synchronization setting allows two vehicle symbols to be meet at the determined impact point. Single and multi-vehicle collisions can also be depicted. Individual key frames and coordinate output table can be generated and saved for each animation. The user defined output of frames per second ranges from 0 to 100. Out put frame data can be exported and consists of: coordinate location, time, speed, and orientation. Once animations are completed, they can be saved out as movies (.wmv files) or as individual frames which can be exported into other programs to generate animations. Important! The Easy Animation tools were not constructed to be simulation tools. The accuracy of your animations will depend on the data collected and calculations by the user which are input at the Key Event Points (KEPs). The Animation tools The animation tools are located in the Recon/Animate bin of the Left Toolbox or on the Recon/Animate pull-down menu located at the top of the program screen. 114

118 Add KEP (Key Even Point) Places a KEP at the location you selected on the line. Edit KEP Allows you to edit KEP data on KEPs already placed in the diagram. Sync KEPs - Synchronizes two symbols to pass through two separate KEPs at the same time (impact point). When the KEPs have been synchronized they will turn blue. Remove KEP Removes the selected KEP from the diagram. KEP Manager Displays all the KEP data for an animation path in a table format. Snap to Symbol Center Aligns the symbol to the path based on symbol center of the 3D symbol. Animation Opens the Animation Display dialog, allowing you to view the animation. Alternately, the following KEP tools can accessed by first selecting a KEP placed in the diagram, and then right-clicking the mouse: Edit KEP Remove KEP Sync KEPs Getting Started Creating animation is a simple process; all you need to remember are 4 main concepts: 1) Create an animation path by drawing a line, arc, or curve. These paths can be drawn in either 2D or 3D. 2) Using the Autosnap command, place a KEP (Key Event Point) at the Start of the animation path. The start KEP is displayed in green. Key Event Points (KEPs) contain the speed and rotation data (Yaw, Pitch, and Roll) used for a specific point in the animation path. New KEPs should be placed at any point in the path where speed and rotation data changes. The program will mathematically interpolate speed and rotation between KEPs so it transitions in between them. Once a KEP is placed along the animation path, the KEP dialog appears. Enter the KEP data and click the Apply button. The KEP dialog remains open until the Close button is clicked. 115

119 3) Place a vehicle symbol on the start KEP. Note: Any of CAD Zone Program symbols will work with the animation tools. Vehicles being the most commonly used for animation but you can also automate planes flying, trains, animals and any other symbol contained in the program. Symbols will follow the animation path as long as they are placed touching the start KEP. The rotation of the symbol does not matter as the Animation command aligns the symbol at its center to the path determined by the angle values entered in the KEPs dialog. If you leave the starting KEP at zero rotation it will start off aligned to the travel path. Then symbol assumes the rotation values (Yaw, Pitch and Roll) that you entered in the KEP dialog for the start KEP. While the symbol may appear flat in the 2D view, when the Animation window is displayed the symbol will appear tilted and rotated reflecting the yaw, pitch, and roll values. If all Angle values are set to 0 in the KEPs dialog, then the symbol will displayed in-line with the animation path. 116

120 4) Click on the Animation button to open the animation window. Use the View commands located at the top of the screen to change the view and click Play to watch the animation. KEP Color Coding KEPs used in the diagram are color coded for ease of use and identification purposes. Green - The Start of Path KEP is displayed in green and determines the first instance of KEP data on a particular animation path. There can be more than one start KEP in your diagram depending on how many animation paths created. White Standard KEPs are displayed in white and are used to determine where speed and rotation change along the animation path. You can use as many standard KEPs as needed. Red When a KEP is in edit mode (whether using the Edit KEP command or by selecting it then clicking the right-mouse button) it is displayed in red. Blue When two symbols are synchronized to pass through two separate KEPs at the same time the KEP is displayed in Blue. Scenarios for synching KEPs would include two vehicles on separate paths, two KEPs synced at the point of collision, or KEPs used to establish speed and rotation. 117

121 Features on the KEPs dialog Velocity Click and type to enter the velocity for the selected KEP. Click the drop-down menu to choose the desired units of speed; MPH, KPH, FPS, or select MPS. Angle Yaw (rotation about the z-axis) this is standard 2D rotation, what will be most used in animations to show vehicles spinning as they travel along the path. Pitch (rotation about the y-axis) Roll (rotation about the x-axis) adjusting this angle. this controls the nose rotation of the vehicle. literally a vehicle rolling would be recreated by Note: If 0 rotation (Yaw = 0) then the symbol movement will be aligned with the path, changing direction as the path changes direction. Match Angle Setting angles on an animation path can be very confusing especially along curved paths. To ensure correct angles use the Match Angle tool in the KEP dialog to set the angle of the vehicle relative to the path by selecting the rotated symbol, applying that angle to the KEP. Place the vehicle symbol at key points on the path at rotation values determined by evidence or calculations. Place a KEP at the vehicle location, set speed, match angles. 118

122 One Click, Three Angles Match Angles gathers all three angles with a single click; one button is used to match all three angles. Click on any of the rotation icons (yaw, pitch, or roll) and all three angles are determined simultaneously. In this example a vehicle is aligned to a sloped road, using all three rotational angles. Spin During the animation, if the vehicle does not rotate in the proper direction as expected change the direction of rotation to clockwise by checking the CW option on the KEP dialog. A counter-clockwise rotation is achieved by un-checking the box. Checking or unchecking the CW option will not change the final resting position of the vehicle, only the number of revolutions it takes to get there. Angles can be entered with positive values or negative values. A pitch of +90 degrees, Clockwise or counter clockwise always ends up with the vehicle pointing straight up, sitting on its rear bumper. If moving in a clockwise movement, the vehicle goes through 270 degrees of rotation before coming to rest. In a counter-clockwise movement, the 119

123 vehicle goes through only 90 degrees of rotation. Changing the angle to -90 degrees causes the vehicle to finish resting on its nose. Multiple Rotations Angle values are not limited to 360 degrees; multiple rotations can be shown depending on the value entered into the yaw field. For example, a yaw value of 720 degrees would cause the vehicle to rotate two full circles. Smooth Transitions The key to a smooth animation involving vehicle rotation is establishing a path through vehicles already placed and positioned (aligned) in the drawing based on your calculations and evidence providing a visual reference. Apply a KEP at each position; use the Match tool in the KEP dialog to establish the angles of the vehicle relative to the path at that exact location. Click Apply before moving on to the next KEP location. Applying this method to all KEPs throughout the animation path will ensure a smooth transition of the vehicle between KEPs. Once the path is created, and the vehicles matched to the path then the reference vehicles can be hidden by moving them to a different layer or deleting them from the diagram. Initially, you may want to leave the reference vehicles on the path to ensure the vehicle moves along the animation path at the correct angles and rotation before deleting them from the diagram. Start of Path Checkmark this option to set the selected KEP as the start of the animation path. Additionally, when adding a new line segment to an existing animation path, checking this option allows you to making the endpoint of the new segment a new start of path point. Apply - Click to apply the data in the KEPs dialog to the selected KEP Close Click to close the KEPs dialog when finished applying KEP data. 120

124 Relative Angles Symbol angles are RELATIVE to the animation path you create. A horizontal line going from left to right on the screen is at zero degrees. A vehicle placed on that line rotated at 45 degrees would have a yaw value of 45 degrees. If the line (the animation path) was drawn at 45 degrees and the symbol was rotated at 45 degrees to the line then you would still have a yaw value of 45 degrees. Relative Angles Multiple Segments The angles in the KEP dialog box are relative to the animation path's entity angle at that point. Since an animation path may be more than one connected entity (multiple segments), the next entity (line, arc, or curve) in-line defines the angle the object will be relative to. At times the angles displayed in the KEP dialog will be ones that you are not familiar with; this will be apparent when matching an angle to a symbol sitting on the junction between segments. The angle of the symbol in KEP manager will reflect its relative rotation to the angle of the forward segment in line. Setting the Yaw Angle 0 In Specific Cases A 0 yaw angle (set in the KEP dialog) can result in three things: 1) 0 forces an object to follow a path at the angle it s drawn. 2) 0 at the start of the next segment forces the object to start at 0 relative to the path at that junction. In the following examples, the angles that are specified next to the green arrows are the yaw angle set at that KEP. 121

125 3) In the third instance, setting a 0 yaw at the end of the last segment, forces the object to follow the last segment at the last angle the object was at when it enters the last segment. If you want the symbol to smoothly transition and end up at the path angle then instead of zero, try an angle of.01. Edit KEPs KEPs placed in the diagram can be edited by first selecting the KEP, then selecting the KEP Edit tool from the Recon / Animate toolbox or choosing KEP Edit from the rightmouse pop-up menu. When a selected KEP is in edit mode, its color changes to red and the Edit KEP dialog is displayed on screen. Change any KEP data and click Apply to affect those changes to the selected KEP. Click the Close button to exit KEP edit and return to the diagram screen. If you select a different KEP in the diagram before clicking Close, the KEP data will change to display the data of the selected KEP allowing you to edit it. 122

126 Snap Symbol Center For Snap Symbol Center to work it must be used in conjunction with AutoSnaps. Make sure AutoSnaps is ON; the button is pressed On in the speed bar. Select the Snap Symbol Center icon located in the Recon / Animate bin of the left-hand toolbox. Like Autosnaps, the Snap Symbol Center command is a toggle; it stays on until the icon is pressed again. Important: Alignment of the symbol to the path is based at the symbol center of the 3D symbol. The symbol center is the centroid of the bounds (3D extents) of the symbol at its rotation or alignment on the path. That centroid is then projected to the lowest point of the extents so the vehicle stays on the ground while traveling and rolling keeping the center point of the vehicle aligned to the travel path. (Note: to get the exact Center of Gravity point you can refer to the program Vehicle Specs database.) The appearance of a rolled or pitched symbol may look like its center is offset from the normal center of the symbol when viewed in 2D. This is caused by the 2D symbol being adjusted it s location to the 3D symbol center. It appears to be off because the actual 3D perspective of the symbol can t be displayed in the 2D view. To confirm that the symbol is at the correct placement, view the drawing in 3D using the Top View as per example shown below. In the following 2D and 3D illustrations, one vehicle is on a flat surface while the other vehicle is aligned to a sloped surface; both symbols are snapped to the path using Snap Symbol Center. In 2D the car appears to be offset on the slope, but in 3D it appears correctly as you can see the car in the true 3D perspective. 123

127 3D View, Top View 3D Perspective and 3D flat Rear View (line passes through center) TIP: When using Snap Center Symbol, if it seems to take some time for the cursor to attach to the symbol, it is due to the program finding the true 3D center of the symbol; even though you re in 2D. Speed the snap process up by opening your diagram in the 3D Viewer and then returning to the 2D view. This places the 3D symbol definition in the program memory and speeds the process up. Symbols first, Path second In instances involving complex rotations on 3D surfaces, the vehicle symbol should be positioned and aligned in multiple locations of the drawing based on road marks and calculations. This is an effective way to determine a smooth animation and creating an accurate animation path. Once all the vehicle symbols have been placed at their correct rotation and location; draw the animation path through the symbol centers, using the Snap Symbol Center. 124

128 Path first, Symbols second If an animation path has already been drawn in the diagram, the next step is to place symbols on it at the key locations. In this instance you must make sure the symbol in placed directly to the center of the animation path. This can be accomplished by first placing the symbol in the diagram, selecting the symbol, and using the Move (MV) command to move it onto the animation path. The Move command prompts for a reference point or handle. With the Symbol Snap Center tool on, click the selected symbol. When prompted for and Offset point, snap to the animation path where you want the symbol placed. Synchronizing KEPs Two symbols can be synchronized to both pass through two separate KEPs at the same time. When the KEPs have been synchronized they will turn blue. The basic scenario for synching KEPs would include: 1) Two vehicles on separate paths. 2) KEPs to establish speed and rotation. 3) Two KEPs synchronized at the point of collision. 125

129 KEP Manager You can review all KEP data for a specific animation path in the diagram using the KEP Manager command. Select the KEP Manager command from the Recon / Animate bin on the left-hand toolbox or by selecting a KEP in the diagram and choosing KEP Manager from the right-mouse menu. A KEP that s been synched will have an X by it under the Sync column. Synced KEPs can be cleared from KEP Manager by clicking on the Clear Sync button at the bottom of the KEP Manager dialog. KEP manager works for one path at a time. Angles are displayed relative to the path the same way they are displayed in the KEP Edit dialog. First Vehicle Path Second Vehicle Path 126

130 Animation Viewer Once you have established an animation path and placed a symbol at the Start KEP you can view it in the Animation Viewer. You will not be able to open up the Animation Viewer if you don t have a symbol on a start KEP of an animation path. Moving Multiple Objects In the case of multiple objects and animation paths you can pick what you want to move in the animation by selecting the object or objects before opening the Animation Viewer. If no selections are made then all the objects (symbols) on the animation paths will move in the animation. Preferences The 3D display and preferences use the same settings you set in the 3D Viewer; background color, ground plane, stepping distance, light control, and rendering. As with the 3D Viewer, you can adjust your point of view in the Animation Viewer using the View and Isometric commands found along the top of the Animation window. Similarly, navigating through the diagram with the numeric key pad can be used just as it would in the 3D Viewer. 127

131 Setting the Animation View from the 3D Viewer The camera command found in the Animation Viewer can not be used to change the view of the diagram as you would in the 3D Viewer; you must use the Camera and Target commands in the 3D viewer to create the desired view before you open it in the Animation Viewer. Once the diagram is opened in the Animation Viewer, click the camera icon in the Animation Viewer to switch to the view you set in the 3D Viewer. For example, open the diagram in the 3D Viewer. Using the Camera and Target commands, create the view as you would like to see it in the Animation Viewer. Exit the 3D Viewer. Open the Animation Viewer and click the Camera icon to change the default view to the view you created in the 3D Viewer. Animation Preferences Animation display and Movie settings can be found in the Animation Preferences dialog. Frames per Second (fps) Defaults to 30 fps; can set from anywhere between 1 and 100 frames per second (fps). Hide path/hide KEPs checkboxes Turn the animation paths and KEP points OFF if checked. Save Frames w/movie checkbox When checked, each frame of the movie will be saved individually as the movie is being generated. The individual frames can be exported for use in reports or other programs specifically for slide shows and movie creation. Snapshot Ext Set to choose whether snapshots are saved in JPG or BMP format. Movie Frame Size Set the size of the movie frame; larger frames sizes are needed for higher resolution movies. Change Animated Object s Name Displays a pull-down menu listing the vehicle symbols used in the diagram. You can change the symbol names from their default labels to something more appropriate for the animation. For example, changing the default symbol name Chevy Camaro to 1999 Chevy Camaro SS. 128

132 Frame Captions If Show Frame captions is checked in Animation preferences the data of each path will be displayed at the bottom of the Animation dialog window. This data will be captured in the movie as well as in any frame snapshots. Movie/Frames/Snapshots folder displays the path and folder name where the animation files are saved. The folder is created based on the name of the drawing and saved under the \Crash Zone 8\Animation folder. For example, if your drawing was named Big Crash then this is the folder the program would generate: C:\Program Files\Cad Zone\Crash Zone 8\Animation\Big Crash\ Under the Big Crash folder, three more folders are generated: Frames Movie Snapshots These folders are created to help manage your data and keep it easily accessible. Frame Manager Displays all KEP and Frame Data calculations based on the KEP data contained in the diagram; it is all the data contained in the animation. Color differentiates the different animation paths. All rotation values are ABSOLUTE so the data can be exported into other programs. 129

133 Snapshot Takes pictures of individual frames that are saved as jpg files. All caption data displayed in the animation window are included with the snapshot. Caption choices can be checked or unchecked in the Animation Preferences dialog. Snapshots are all saved under a directory named after the drawing name under Crash Zone\Animation\.. These snapshots can be used with PowerPoint, Bink Video and other programs also. 130

134 Create Movie Converts the current animation displayed in the Animation Viewer into a Windows Media Video (wmv). You are prompted to enter a movie name or accept the default name created from the diagram file name. The path and folder where the movie will be stored is also displayed in the Create Movie dialog. Animation Preview Tools Play Runs the animation. Animations played in the Animation Viewer won t run as smoothly as those saved as a Windows Media Video (.wmv) file as the viewer will skip frames to ensure the animation runs in real time. Pause Pauses the animation at the current frame. Stop Stops the animation and resets it to the beginning. Step Back Moves back one frame per click. Step Forward Moves forward one frame per click. Loop Continuously plays the animation to the end and then restarts it again. Click the Stop button to exit from Loop. Reverse Play Continuously plays the animation forward and then in reverse from the end to the beginning. Click the Stop button to exit from Reverse Play. Slider Use the slider bar to quickly navigate through the individual frames to a particular frame in the animation. The big advantage about CAD Zone animation is that you can place "reference vehicle symbols" based on physical evidence which you have measured and documented. It is then easy to match (position - yaw, pitch and roll) of the vehicle at that exact reference point. You can see the animation movement take you through the reference symbols and verify the vehicle is in the correct position at each key location. This validates that the animation is accurate with measured data. 131

135 SLIDE SHOW ANIMATIONS MANUAL METHOD (prior 8.3 Easy Animation Tools): The Animate Button located in the Snapshot Manager dialog offers a slide show preview of snapshots only. To get to the Snapshot manager click the camera icon found in the 3D Tools. This is meant as a preview only allowing sequential viewing of your snapshots taken while in the 3D rendering mode. It does not allow you to change timing or preview screen size. EXERCISE: Crime Scene Walk Through Take snapshots while walking through the 3D rendered diagram in 3D viewer. For example at a crime scene you can go to the Options and set the Step Distance to about 2 ½ feet, then position camera and target height then click the forward arrow on you keyboard to move the camera exactly 2.5 each frame. This can show a perspective view of someone walking through a building. Click the Camera button to save each movement to build a slide show animation. Once the desires snapshots are taken in the 3D Viewer, return to the 2D Diagram Program and Snapshot Manager will be displayed. All of the snapshots you took are saved as a JPG and saved in the default path: C:\Documents and Settings\User name\my Documents\My Cad Zone\SnapShots *FOR BETTER QUALITY 3D SCREEN SHOTS SET YOUR SCREEN RESOLUTION AS HIGH AS POSSBIBLE BEFORE TAKING SNAPSHOTS ANIMATIONS Many users are using PowerPoint, Windows Movie Maker and other software to build slide show animations with the 3D snapshots. We also provide a 3D Export function to allow users with more sophisticated animation and simulation programs to use 3D data. By sticking with simple time-distance relationship illustration you can show your slide show in court and be able to easily explain and defend how you derived your presentation materials. (Conversion: MPH x = feet/second) TIPS: Use the top view button in 3D viewer to show a colored version of your Plan View, looking straight down. Place your camera into a vehicle and set height to witness perspective. 132

136 If you are not using CAD Zone s Easy Animation Tools or you want to take some of the screen shots from there and make into a different presentation you can choose from various options that include: PowerPoint, Movie Maker or BINK Video. Instructions included for each: 1.) PowerPoint is common and allows you to stop at any frame and then restart the slide animation part way through. It gives you up to 10 frames a second an gives a full screen display with good resolution. Downside is movies sometimes lag so can appear choppy. 2.) Moviemaker is a bit slower and has a drag and drop interface of inserting slides and does not give you as much control. The viewing resolution is not as sharp but the files are much smaller. You can do up to 8 frames per second maximum and runs fairly smooth. It is a free Windows program for Windows XP operating systems 3.) Bink Video is a free program by RAD Video Tools that works well and quick by automatically importing your series of snapshots and to build an animation. Default is 15 frames per second and allows up to 30 frames per second. PowerPoint EXERCISE: Fast way to insert slides into your PowerPoint presentations (Slide Shows) once you have all your screen shots done: 1) Open PowerPoint to a new blank presentation 2.) Go to the Insert pull-down menu 3) Select Picture 4) Pick New Photo Album from the pop out list 5.) A Photo Album window will appear, click on the File/Disk button on the top left. 6.) It now lets you Browse to insert new pictures so go to your Snapshots directory and select the desired snapshots as specified below. 7.) Press your Shift button down and select your Last slide first and then scroll up to the first slide so they are all selected from the bottom up. Then click the Insert button on the lower right. 8.) You can see the slides listed and the previews beside. Now click the CREATE button at the bottom of the Photo Album window to put these in the PowerPoint presentation. 9.) Select Slide Transition from the Slide Show pull-down menu. On the right side menu under Advance slide check Automatically after and establish the wait time between slides. You can type in decimals of a second transition times for a smoother presentation. If you have 00:00.1 it is tenths of a second. Click on the Apply to All Slides button. 10) Preview your slide show by pressing the F5 key. When the slide show is complete hit your Escape key. 7) Be sure to Save your work and name your presentation. 133

137 BINK VIDEO EXERCISE: Bink Video program that works great and is faster automatically importing your series of snapshots and to build an animation. RAD Video Tools for Windows 95, 98, Me, NT, 2000, and XP. Includes Bink and Smacker. Download at this site (small file less than 2 MB): Once program is downloaded and installed (takes only a minute ) here is how to use: - open program, if no desktop icon was created it will show up as "Bink and Smacker" under programs. Select Rad Video Tools to start the program. - browse and select your first CrashZone snapshot - then click on the button that says " Bink Video " (Bink it!) - program recognizes it is part of a sequence and you click "Yes" to accept - creates a default output file (uses snapshot series name) and puts a ".bik" extension - now click the "Bink" button on the right side - program starts to process and takes about one second per slide to process. (there are a bunch of compression settings and stuff I have not explored yet but mine defaulted to 15 frames per second which looked good to me so if you use 15 frames to generate slides you are set.) - double click on the.bik file (which is saved where your snapshots were) to run movie To compile your videos into an EXE file, first highlight one or more Bink (.bik) files on the main window, and then click the "Advanced play" button. Next, choose the options that you wish to embed into the EXE file. Finally, click the "Make EXE" button. These will run longer animations without the lag time and anyone can run them as an exe file. I also tried the Smacker on the Bink file which produced a lower res image but did much the same as Bink. For more info visit their home page: Windows Movie Maker Download a free copy here for XP Operating Systems ONLY: 1) Create you slides in the diagram program. 2) Open up Windows Movie Maker: Change these settings before putting images in storyboard. Tools pull-down > Options > Advanced Tab Picture duration (minimum.125s) Transition duration (minimum.25s) (Or set to desired frames per second must be done initially). 134

138 3) From the "Capture Video" tasks select "Import Pictures". Select the desired.jpg's from the SnapShots directory: C:\Documents and Settings\Anna Ristau\My Documents\My Cad Zone\SnapShots 4) The snapshots will appear in the "Collections" window. Drag and drop the snapshots into the movie frames at the bottom of the screen. Ctrl D pastes them all in at once!!! 5) From the "Edit Movie" tasks you can pick from various effects and transitions by selecting and dragging them into the transition and effects boxes next to a snapshot in the movie frames. 6) You can also add titles and credits to the movie from the "Edit Movie" tasks. 7) From the "Finish Movie" tasks you can generate and save your movie. Show timeline, drag to change duration. 135

139 Lesson 40: Accident Reconstruction Tutorial >> The following tutorial will teach you how the four reconstruction tools work in conjunction with each other to determine speeds using the data from a diagram created in The Crash Zone. The four tools used are: Skid Analysis Used to calculate Pre and Post speeds by measuring skid marks. Momentum Angles Determines the approach and departure angles of vehicles in an impact. The data is saved and used in the Momentum Calculator when it is opened. Momentum Calculator Uses both Momentum Angle and Skid Analysis data to calculate impact speeds in your diagram. Combined Speeds Determines combined speeds with data determined in the Skid Analysis and Momentum calculator toolboxes. The reconstruction tutorial is based on the following information; a collision that occurred between two vehicles on dry asphalt, and continued on into a muddy shoulder. The two vehicles involved are: 1) V1 a 2004 Acura 4Dr Sedan, with a Vehicle Weight of lbs 2) V2 a 2004 Lincoln 4Dr Sedan, with a Vehicle Weight of lbs The approach angle for vehicle 1 (V1, the Acura) is 0 The approach angle for vehicle 2 (V2, the Lincoln) is 90 The departure angle for vehicle 1 is 35 The departure angle for vehicle 2 is 65 The surface data for the skid calculations are: Asphalt =.8 Mud =.5 Using The Skid Analysis Toolbox: The first step is to determine the pre and post impact speeds by measuring the skid marks recorded in the diagram. Load the Skid Demo.czd diagram by clicking the open command from the File pull-down menu, and choosing it from the Open dialog box. Perform a skid analysis on the entire diagram by clicking the Skid Analysis icon from the Recon menu on the left-hand toolbox, or by selecting it from the Recon pull-down menu. 136

140 Alternatively, you can use the program s selection commands to select just a portion of the diagram before you open the Skid Analysis toolbox. Enter a description of the first set of skid marks on which you will perform a skid analysis. Click in the Description field and type V1 pre impact Collecting Skid Data Recording the skid data may take several steps. You record the pre-impact skid data for the first vehicle, calculate the combined speed, then reset the toolbox and record another set of skids. Repeat this until the pre-impact and post-impact skids have been recorded for each vehicle. To measure the skids automatically: Select a skid in the preview window. The skid is measured and the data is displayed at the bottom of the toolbox. Note: If the desired skid mark is hard to select, use the View Commands to zoom in on it, making it easier to select. 137

141 Click the Apply Skid Data button: The skid line is labeled S1, and the skid data is added to the information grid. Tip: You can also double click on any skid to bring its measurements into the table. Repeat the process to select/measure the distance of the second pre-impact skid section. Note: If you select the wrong skid, click in white space to de-select it or click on another skid before you click Apply Skid Data. The first skid section is labeled S1, and the second S2. The distance of each skid section is displayed in the data fields at the top of the dialog. Completing Skid Data: Once the Skid data is entered, you must manually enter the "Drag" and "Braking" values. Click in the Drag field in the S1 row to display the Drag dialog toolbox. 138

142 Referring to the Coefficient of Friction list available, enter a value in the box for the Coefficient of Friction. In this example the initial portion of the skid occurred on dry asphalt, so enter a value of.80 in the field. Click the OK button to enter the data in the Drag field and close the Friction toolbox. Repeat this process to enter a Coefficient of friction of.8 for the second skid as shown in the figure. Next, enter the Braking Percentage. Click the Braking column in the S1 row to display the Braking dialog toolbox. Choose whether the vehicle is front or rear wheel drive by clicking the correct radio button. 139

143 Click in the % of braking field and enter a value of.5, Or, click the check boxes to choose which wheel(s) were active in relation to that specific skid. Click the OK button to enter the data in the Braking field and close the toolbox. Repeat the process for the second skid section. Calculate the Skid Data Once all skid data has been entered: Click the Calculate wheels based on the pre-impact skids. button to determine the combined speed of all The vehicle speed is displayed in both Miles per Hour (MPH) and Feet per Second (FPS). Save the Pre-impact Calculations Next, save the calculations to the hard drive for future use with the other Reconstruction tools. Click the Save (diskette) icon from the bottom of the toolbox. The Save File dialog appears prompting you to select a file location. The program automatically generates a name for the saved calculations based on the description that you gave it. Descriptions are saved incrementally to prevent confusing one set of saved calculations from another. 140

144 Click the Save button on the dialog to save the calculations to file. Note: The Calculations are also saved to a list that is stored in the diagram for use with future calculations. Tip: If you wish to show all the Skid Calculations as part of the diagram check the Display Calculations option at the bottom-left of the toolbox. Use the Place to place the calculations into in the finished diagram. To place the skid analysis calculations in the diagram program drawing window: Click the Place button to close the Skid Analysis toolbox and move the mouse pointer into the drawing window. The mouse pointer appears with the skid drawing attached to it. Click to place the skid drawing in diagram. Recording Post-impact Skid Data Next, calculate the post-impact skid data for vehicle 1 (V1). Since the calculations are being taken from the same diagram, the Skid Data fields need to be reset before additional measurements are taken. Click the Reset All button to reset the Skid Data field. When prompted to Reset Skid data, click Yes. The skid data fields are reset, allowing you to measure post-impact skid data. Since a new set of skids are being measured, enter a new description for them. Click in the Description field and type V2 post impact Breaking Post-impact Skid Sections 141

145 You must break skid segments that pass over more than one surface type, such as over concrete, dirt, and grass. If the skids are not traveling over multiple surfaces, then you can go to the next step and simply select the skid. Zoom in as necessary on the desired skids. Select the skid line to be broken Click the Break icon located on the left-hand side of the toolbox. Click to select the surface line the skid crosses. Tip: You don t have to click at the exact intersection of the skid and the edge of the surface. You can click anywhere along the edge of the surface that intersects the skid. If you select the wrong skid segment, click on some white space to de-select it, or click to choose another skid segment. The skid line is broken at the selected point and the endpoints of the skid segments are defined by red squares. 142

146 Note: If you break a skid line incorrectly, use the Join command to repair that skid segment, or click the Undo command. Undo will only repair the last break performed. Repeat the process to break the second skid section as shown here. Apply Skid Data Next, as we did for the pre-impact skids, add each post-impact skid section to the data table. As shown in the figure below, double-click each skid segment to measure and add it to the Skid Data fields. Enter Drag and Braking values Repeat the steps shown in the previous section to enter the drag and braking data for each skid section. Since the skid sections pass through two different surfaces, the values are different. Mud has a value of.5, asphalt a value of.8. Click in the Drag fields and enter the following data for the skid sections: 143

147 Referring to the next figure, enter the Braking values for each skid section: Click the Calculate button to determine the Combined Speed based on the data: Save the V1 Post-impact calculations Click the Save icon to save the calculations to the hard drive for future use. The Save File dialog appears prompting you to enter a file name and location. Click the Save button on the dialog to save the calculations to file. Vehicle 2 Post-impact skids Once finished, reset the data in the table. Click the Reset All button Referring to the steps described in the previous section, break and apply data to the postimpact skids for vehicle 2 as shown in the following figure: Enter V2 post impact in the description field. 144

148 Break the upper skid at the change of surface. Double-click each skid individually to select them and place them in the table. Referring to the following table, add the Drag and Braking values. Click Calculate to calculate the combined speed, based on the selected skids. Save the data to the hard drive. This completes the Skid Analysis tutorial. In the next section we will use the skid data along with the Momentum calculator to calculate the speed of the vehicles at impact. But first we need to determine the approach and departure angles of the vehicles which are required by the Momentum Calculator. 145

149 Using Momentum Angles Toolbox The Momentum calculator requires that the approach angle of Vehicle 1 is either 0 or 180, which is horizontal. When drawing an accident from hand measurements, it s easy to draw vehicle 1 approaching at 0 and the rest of the drawing is relative to that zero angle. With more and more accidents being recorded with total stations it is unlikely vehicle 1 will conveniently be positioned at 0 in the diagram. If vehicle 1 is at an angle other than zero then you would have to manually add the difference between V1 s actual angle and 0 to the other three angles to get the correct values to enter into the Momentum calculator. The Momentum Angles toolbox is used to simplify this process. Using this tool, you can draw each of the four angles directly on the drawing. The actual angle of the line you draw will be displayed in the Actual column and the adjusted angle in the Adjusted column. All of the adjusted angles will automatically be placed in the correct fields in the Momentum calculator when it s opened. In the following example we ll determine the four angles by snapping to the center of the cog (center of gravity) symbol and then the tip of the direction arrow. Note: These vehicle symbols were placed using the Vehicle Database tool. 146

150 Open the Momentum Angles tool by clicking its icon from the Recon tools Click on the round alpha button to draw the V1 Approach Angle. Next, snap to the center of V1 and then snap to the tip of the direction arrow of V1. 147

151 Note: You always want to draw the angles starting from the base of the angle and in the direction the vehicle is traveling. If you make a mistake you can do it over again by clicking on the Alpha button and re-selecting your two points. In this example the actual angle equals the adjusted angle since the approach angle was already 0. Next, determine the V2 Approach Angle (psi). Click on the psi icon in the V2 Approach field, snap to the cog of V2 and then the tip of the direction arrow. The actual angle of 90 is displayed in the toolbox; again the adjusted angle remains 90 because the V1 approach angle was zero degrees to begin with. The adjusted angle will only be different from the actual angle if vehicle one approach angle is not zero degrees. Now, determine the V1 Departure Angle (theta). Click on the theta icon and snap to the cog of V1 at impact and then snap to the cog of V1 at its initial point of departure after impact. 148

152 The actual angle of and the adjusted angle of are displayed in the toolbox. V2 Departure is the last angle to determine. Click the phi icon and snap to the cog of V2 at impact, and then the cog of V2 at initial point of departure. The angles are displayed in the toolbox. Now that the four momentum angles have been recorded, the next step is to import the data into the Momentum Calculator for further use. Press the Back button to close out the Momentum Angles dialog. Open the Momentum calculator by clicking its icon in the Recon tool bin. If asked, if you want to Reset the Momentum Data, click No. The angles recorded in the Momentum Angles toolbox are automatically placed in the correct fields of the Momentum dialog. 149

153 150

154 Using the Momentum Calculator Click the Momentum Calculator icon from the Recon bin on the left-hand toolbox, or select it from the Recon pull-down menu at the top of the program screen. Check the appropriate radial button for the type of collision you re working on, 360 degree, Rear End, or Head-on. Enter the description of vehicles 1 and 2. Click the car icons at the right of each description field to display the Vehicle Database. The Vehicle Database allows you to choose a vehicle by year, make, and model. Click the drop-down menu arrows to select the year and make of the vehicle. Choose the desired model from the menu list to select it. The Curb weight of the vehicle is displayed in the lower-left corner of the dialog. If you know the occupant and cargo weights, enter them in the specified fields in the dialog. Press the Calculate button and these will be automatically added to the curb weight value. 151

155 Click the OK button and the selected vehicle is entered into the vehicle description field. The total weight is entered into the weight field for that vehicle. Entering Angle data In this example, all the angles were calculated using the he Momentum Angles feature, and automatically placed in the Momentum Calculator. To enter angles manually: Check the radio button for the vehicle 1 approach angle: 0 or 180 degrees. Click in the fields, and enter the angle values for vehicle 2 approach, vehicle 1 departure, and vehicle 2 departures. Entering Vehicle Weights If you used the Vehicle Database to select the vehicles, the vehicle weights are entered automatically. However, if vehicle weight fields are blank, you can type in the values. Entering Post Impact Speeds Click the skidding vehicle icon. The Skid Speeds list is displayed showing the speeds you calculated previously using the Skid Analysis toolbox. Click on the desired value and then click OK. 152

156 That value will be copied into the post impact speed field. Calculate Speed Click on the Calculate Speed button. This will generate values for the impact speeds of vehicle 1 and vehicle 2. Delta V and the coefficient of restitution are also calculated for vehicle 1 and vehicle 2. Place the Diagram Once completed, place the momentum diagram into the drawing. Click the Place button to close the Momentum Calculator and move the mouse pointer into the drawing window. The mouse pointer appears with the diagram attached to it. 153

157 Click the mouse button to set the diagram s anchor point. Move the mouse to rotate the diagram to the desired rotation and click again to finish placing it. 154

158 Using the Combined Speed Toolbox Click the Combined Speed icon from the Recon menu on the left-hand toolbox, or choose it from the Recon pull-down menu. Position your mouse pointer in the Description field and enter the description for your project. Enter Speed Data: Click your mouse on the Speed column of the Skid # 1 row (S1). A Speeds dialog box appears displaying all the skid and momentum speeds previously calculated. Select the desired speed from the displayed list and click the OK button to automatically enter the speed and description data into the Skid Data Table. 155

159 Click in another Speed Field to bring up the Speeds Table again. Choose the Vehicle 1 impact speed listed under the Momentum Speeds section of the Speed List. Calculate the combined speeds: After all the speed data and descriptions have been entered in the data table, calculate the combined speeds. Click the Calculate button to process the speed values and determine the combined speed result. The calculated speed is displayed in Combined Speed field. The Combined Speed Formula is shown in the display window. 156

160 Place the calculations in the diagram To place the calculations in the diagram program drawing window: Click the Place button to close the Combined Speed toolbox and move the mouse pointer into the drawing window. The mouse pointer appears with the calculations attached to it as text. Position the calculations where you want then click to set the diagram s anchor point. Move the mouse to rotate the text to the desired rotation and click again to finish placing it. 157

161 Momentum Angles The Momentum Angles toolbox offers an easy way to determine approach and departure angles for collisions in your diagram. Once these angles are determined, the data is saved and further used in the Momentum Calculator to determine impact speeds. Features on the Momentum Angles toolbox: Hide All Hides the label and label line. Hide Labels - Hides the label, but displays the label line. Approach and Departure angle fields Displays the four measured approach and departure angles that occur in a collision between two vehicles; Vehicle 1 Approach, Vehicle 2 Approach, Vehicle 1 Departure, and Vehicle 2 Departure. These four angles must be accurately determined and are plugged into the Momentum calculator in order to obtain accurate speed values. Reset All Click to reset all of the angle values currently displayed in the toolbox. If your diagram contains more than one collision, the toolbox must be reset before each individual collision is measured. Using Momentum Angles Toolbox The Momentum calculator requires that the approach angle of Vehicle 1 is either 0 or 180, which is horizontal. When drawing an accident from hand measurements, it s easy to draw vehicle 1 approaching at 0 and the rest of the drawing is relative to that zero angle. 158

162 With more and more accidents being recorded with total stations it is unlikely vehicle 1 will conveniently be positioned at 0 in the diagram. If vehicle 1 is at an angle other than zero then you would have to manually add the difference between V1 s actual angle and 0 to the other three angles to get the correct values to enter into the Momentum calculator. The Momentum Angles toolbox is used to simplify this process. Using this tool, you can draw each of the four angles directly on the drawing. The actual angle of the line you draw will be displayed in the Actual column and the adjusted angle in the Adjusted column. All of the adjusted angles will automatically be placed in the correct fields in the Momentum calculator when it s opened. In the following example we ll determine the four angles by snapping to the center of the cog (center of gravity) symbol and then the tip of the direction arrow. Note: These vehicle symbols were placed using the Vehicle Database tool. Open the Momentum Angles Recon tool bin. tool by clicking its icon from the 159

163 Click on the round alpha button to draw the V1 Approach Angle. Next, snap to the center of V1 and then snap to the tip of the direction arrow of V1. Note: You always want to draw the angles starting from the base of the angle and in the direction the vehicle is traveling. If you make a mistake you can do it over again by clicking on the Alpha button and re-selecting your two points. 160

164 The actual angle of is displayed in the fields, and the adjusted angle of 0 is also entered. Next, determine the V2 Approach Angle (psi). Click on the psi icon in the V2 Approach field, snap to the cog of V2 and then the tip of the direction arrow. The actual angle of and the adjusted angle of 90 are displayed in the toolbox. Now, determine the V1 Departure Angle (theta). Click on the theta icon and snap to the cog of V1 at impact and then snap to the cog of V1 at its initial point of departure after impact. The actual angle of and the adjusted angle of are displayed in the toolbox. V2 Departure is the last angle to determine. 161

165 Click the phi icon and snap to the cog of V2 at impact, and then the cog of V2 at initial point of departure. The angles are displayed in the toolbox. Now that the four momentum angles have been recorded, the next step is to import the data into the Momentum Calculator for further use. Press the Back button to close out the Momentum Angles dialog. Open the Momentum calculator tool bin. by clicking its icon in the Recon If asked, if you want to Reset the Momentum Data, click No. The angles recorded in the Momentum Angles toolbox are automatically placed in the correct fields of the Momentum dialog. 162

166 Combined Speed Formula The Combined Speed toolbox allows you to calculate the speed at the beginning of a skid based on the speeds previously calculated with the Skid Analysis and Momentum dialogs. You can manually enter values and descriptions or pick them from a list that displays all the values you calculated previously. This is the same Combined Speed formula that is used on the Skid Analysis toolbox. Features on the Speed Formula Toolbox Description: Click in the box and type to enter a description for this calculation such as V1 Initial Speed. Skid Data Table: Enter speed data by clicking the appropriate Speed field located next to the Skid Number column (S1 S10). 163

167 A Speeds dialog appears displaying all the skid and momentum speeds previously calculated. Select the pre-impact speed for a vehicle from the displayed list and click the OK button to automatically enter the speed and description data into the Skid Data Table. Click the S2 speed field and repeat the process to select the impact speed for the same vehicle. Alternately, you can enter a speed manually by clicking in the Speed field at the bottom of the toolbox and typing the speed value. Click OK to enter the speed into the Skid Data Table. Calculate: Once all the data is entered into the Skid Data Table, click the Calculate button to calculate the combined speed value based on the numbers that were entered. The resulting speed is displayed in the Combined Speed field, and the Combined Speed Formulae are shown in the display window. 164

168 Reset All: Deletes any data and calculations entered. New calculations can be performed at this point. Export: Use this feature to export just the skid data to a text file. The exported file can be of the type.asc,.csv,.txt, or.dat Place: Closes the toolbox and places the calculations into the drawing. If there is already a diagram open, the formula appears attached to the mouse pointer. You can then position and place the calculations anywhere within the existing drawing. Close: Closes the Combined Speed formula toolbox. Formulas used in the Combined Speed Toolbox Sc = Sqrt (S1² + S2² + S(n)²) 165

169 Advanced Tips and Tricks Keyboard Shortcuts A few of the common program 2-letter short cuts that you may want to print and keep by computer or memorize. They are appear in the pop-up tool tips and also beside the commands in the pull-downs if you want to see more of the others: EX explode LS single line LC continuous line BR break OF offset CV spline curve MV move (this move command allows you to snap precisely) ER Erase/delete MC Copy (Multi-Copy) TR Trim/extend QL text (comes from "Quick Line of text") QD dimension (Quick Dimension) QE edit (Quick Edit) 3D Court Acceptance Tips The Key threshold for acceptance is: to accurately reflect the evidence or photos. -Accurately depicts the scene as you saw it or as per the evidence you evaluated - If asked can say it is a very good representation of the scene and what we determined from the scene -Keep it simple and uncomplicated (basic demonstrative evidence). - Positioning of camera - create a range -correspond with some actual photos - nothing too graphical ANIMATION DEFINED: - scaled images shown in sequence to represent motion VECTOR DIAGRAMMING: CADD OPTIONS to DEPICT VECTORS 1.) DRAWING A VECTOR USING EASY LINES WIZARD: a.) b.) c.) Use default NORMAL MODE for ANGLE and DISTANCE entry Gives you the option of Survey Mode setting zero North or the default is zero East. Counter-clockwise readings. Click Bulls-eye start, then on-screen click the Start point of vector you are drawing. 166

170 d.) e.) Type in the Angle, then distance in the boxes Then click the small Line button on the lower left to draw the line 2.) ENTER DISTANCE AND ANGLE MANUALLY: a.) Select Single line command off your Quick Pick menu b.) click the starting point on screen c.) type: distance,< angle (then press enter). For example: 114.5,<23 for a vector that is feet at an angle of 23 degrees off Zero East. (or counter-clockwise from the X axis). Typed data entry appears in the bottom left of drawing screen in the Yellow Command Bar line. 3.) Use different color lines for each vehicle and a dotted line for the PDOF. 4.) You can use the Leader command to draw vectors as arrows. You can define size and style of the arrow-heads in the Leader Arrow menu bar that appears: The angle in this leader menu is the angle spread of the arrow tip to make narrow or wide arrow heads. 5.) In the Text-Dimensions tools, there is an Angular Dimension to give you the angle reading and it will also label it for you. Lets you define height of text, arrow size, color, etc.: Once you have your lines you want to measure and label the angle, click the Angular Dimension command, then: a.) Click on the Vertex first (1) b.) first ray or vector (2) c.) then the second ray or vector (3) Angle will measure and label as show with default settings 167

171 TEXT RE-SIZING 1.) If you use the ASCII import in the Coordinate Data table just set the text size there BEFORE you place in the diagram. 2.) If you use PocketZone (our data collection) there is an EXPORT text size setting. Go to the View > Display Options > "Auto Text Size for Export" Download and adjust until looks good. 3.) When your drawing is almost complete as yours was. Turn off some of your layers with vegetation or any text you do not want resized. Then do a Select All by typing "SA", then "TE" for Text Edit and adjust text size height until it looks less cluttered. If you change the size by quite a bit the text tends to drift away from the point node due to the insertion point the program uses originally. So that is why it is best to set your text size in either the PocketZone export or the ASCII coordinate table since this keeps your text relative to the Point Node and does not drift How to get CrashZone to calculate a radius from your Chord and Middle-Ordinate Lengths: Do this off to one side of your drawing or on a new blank drawing file: 1.) in CrashZone turn on both the SNAP and 90 Ortho (Angle 0) to ON 2.) draw your chord horizontally: chose single line command and click the starting point of your horizontal chord. 3.) Drag your mouse to the right and then type in the LENGTH, press enter. 4.) Now click on the Single Line command and then use the middle snap command found in the Middle snap 5.) Click on the Chord line and drag mouse up, then type in the Middle Ordinate LENGTH and press Enter. 6.) TURN OFF the 90 Ortho button and Leave the SNAP ON. 7.) You should still be in the Draw/Snaps/Hatch tool bar on the left. Select the 3-POINT ARC command that looks like this: 8.) Now draw a 3 Point ARC snapping to: the end of the Chord, top of the Middle Ordinate and the other end of the Chord to complete your arc. 9.) Next Click on the ARC and see the radius displayed in the yellow command line at the bottom LEFT. OR you can click the arc and type OI for Object Info for the full data to be displayed. 168

172 Maine Computer Group makes an excellent calculation program called AR Pro that has a complete library of reconstruction formulas. See: Download Calculation Shareware program: Good starter program, offers momentum and other calcs. PROGRAM USER RESOURCES: Training Movies CD & Getting Started hand booklet BUILT IN ROBO HELP PRESS F1 button or go to Help pull down when you are in the program. You will find EXCELLENT documentation and examples! HELP pull-down to > Learning Center > Manual > Contents > Index. With XP you need to right click in header bar to allow blocked content for viewing and using the INDEX tab entry to type in search topics. This DOES NOT go on line but uses a web format. USING CADZone HELP system: 169