Embedded System Design
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1 Embedded System Design p. 1/2 Embedded System Design Prof. Stephen A. Edwards Spring 2006
2 Spot the Computer Embedded System Design p. 2/2
3 Embedded System Design p. 3/2 Hidden Computers Casio Nokia 7110 Sony Camera Watch Browser Phone Playstation 2 Philips DVD Player Philips TiVo Recorder
4 Concurrency Legacy Languages Embedded System Design p. 4/2 Technical Challenges Real-time Complexity
5 Embedded System Design p. 5/2 Software complexity growing Size of Typical Embedded System kloc kloc 44 % per year MLOC MLOC MLOC Windows NT MLOC Windows 2000 Source: ESP: A 10-Year Retrospective, Embedded Systems Programming, November 1998
6 Embedded System Design p. 6/2 Written in stone-age languages Which of the following programming languages have you used for embedded systems in the last 12 months? C 81% Assembly 70% C++ 39% Visual Basic 16% Java 7% Source: ESP: A 10-Year Retrospective, Embedded Systems Programming, November 1998
7 Digital Camera Block Diagram Embedded System Design p. 7/2
8 Embedded System Design p. 8/2 The Design Challenge Design optimal device that meets constraints on Price Functionality Performance Size Power Time-to-market Maintainability Safety
9 Embedded System Design p. 9/2 The Time-to-Market Challenge Possible Revenue Market Window Typical time-to-market constraint: 8 months Time
10 Embedded System Design p. 10/2 Simplified Revenue Model Sales Market ramp Loss due to delay On-time curve Delayed curve D W 2W Time Assuming a constant market ramp, on-time revenue is 1 2 bh = 1 2 2W W = W 2 and delayed revenue is 1 (2W D)(W D) so fractional revenue loss is 2 D(3W D) 2W 2 = O(D 2 ) Example: when W = 26 and D = 10, fraction lost is about 50%.
11 Embedded System Design p. 11/2 NRE Nonrecurring engineering cost: The cost of producing the first one. NRE cost dominates log Unit Cost Production cost dominates Low NRE, high production costs High NRE, low production costs log Volume
12 Embedded System Design p. 12/2 Embedded System Technologies Integrated Circuits Processing elements Design tools
13 Embedded System Design p. 13/2 IC Technology 1947: First transistor (Shockley, Bell Labs) 1958: First integrated circuit (Kilby, TI) 1971: First microprocessor (4004: Intel) Today: six wire layers, 90 nm features
14 Embedded System Design p. 14/2 Moore s Law Gordon Moore, 1965: Exponential growth in the number of transistors per IC Source: Intel
15 Embedded System Design p. 15/2 $1000 buys you this many CPS Electromechanical Relay Tube Transistor Integrated Circuit Source: Ray Kurzweil, The Age of Spiritual Machines
16 Embedded System Design p. 16/ Sears Roebuck Catalog About $100 in today s dollars. From Donald Norman, The Invisible Computer, 1998.
17 Embedded System Design p. 17/2 Spectrum of IC choices Full Custom You choose polygons (Intel) Flexibility ASIC Gate Array circuit (Sony) wires FPGA PLD GP Processor SP Processor Multifunction Fixed-function logic network logic function program (e.g., Pentium) program (e.g., DSP) settings (e.g., Ethernet) part number (e.g., 74LS00)
18 Embedded System Design p. 18/2 Hardware and Software Hardware Parallel Synchronous Logic Gates Wire-based communication Fixed topology Low power More detailed High NRE Faster Software Sequential Asynchronous Stored programs Memory-based communication Highly programmable High power Less detailed No NRE Slower
19 Embedded System Design p. 19/2 Design Tools Hardware Logic Synthesis Place-and-route DRC/ERC/LVS Simulators Software Compilers Assemblers Linkers Debuggers
20 Embedded System Design p. 20/2 Cost of Designs is Rising 1981: 100 designer-months for leading-edge chip 10k transistors, 100 transistors/month 2002: designer-months 150M transistors, 5000 transistors/month Design cost increased from $1M to $300M 10G 100M 1M 10k 100 Transistors per chip Transistors/designer-month
21 Your Nemesis: The XESS XSB-300E Embedded System Design p. 21/2
22 Block Diagram 4 Mb Flash 256K x 16 SRAM 8M x 16 SDRAM Ethernet MAC+PHY Expansion Connector USB 2.0 Compact Flash Connector Peripheral Bus CPLD Buttons LEDs Expansion Connector RS232 Connector Video DAC Video Decoder 30 MSPS ADC Audio Codec Expansion Connector IDE Disk Connector XC2S300E FPGA XC9572 CPLD 256K x 16 SRAM 8M x 16 SDRAM 512K x 8 Flash 6-channel NTSC video decoder 12-bit, 30 MSPS ADC 80 MHz, 30-bit video DAC 20-bit, 4-input, 1-output stereo codec Microphone/line-in/line-out jacks 10/100 Ethernet MAC+PHY USB 2.0 peripheral port Six pushbuttons, DIP switch Two LED digits, bargraph Three programmable oscillators Two expansion headers w/ 75 I/O pins Peripheral header w/ 18 I/O pins Parallel and Serial port Compact Flash interface IDE hard disk interface Embedded System Design p. 22/2
23 Embedded System Design p. 23/2 Class Structure First half of course: Six Introductory Labs: 1. Count in C on the 7-segment display 2. Serial Terminal in C 3. VHDL system reverse-engineering 4. Sum the contents of a small memory in VHDL 5. Create a simple peripheral 6. Build an OPB interface to off-chip SRAM Second half project: Design-your-own
24 Embedded System Design p. 24/2 Custom Project Ideas Broadly: C + VHDL + peripheral(s) Video game (e.g., Pac-Man) Video effects processor Digital picture frame Serial terminal Serial port monitor Very fancy digital clock (w/ video)
25 Embedded System Design p. 25/2 More Ideas Digital tone control Digital sound effects processor Real-time audio spectrum analyzer Speech synthesizer Internet radio
26 Embedded System Design p. 26/2 Projects from 2004 MIDI synthesizer Line-following robot with video vision SAE student vehicle telemetry system Stereo video vision system Pac-man-like video game Internet video camera
27 Embedded System Design p. 27/2 Projects from 2005 Scrabble Timer Scorched Earth Video Game SAE Auto Shifter Internet Radio Broadcaster 3D Maze Game Voice-over-IP Telephone JPEG decoder Sokoban video game Rally-X video game
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Embedded System Design p. 1/2 Embedded System Design Prof. Stephen A. Edwards sedwards@cs.columbia.edu NCTU, Summer 2005 Spot the Computer Embedded System Design p. 2/2 Embedded System Design p. 3/2 Hidden
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