USING LEDs, LCDs. AND GLCDs IN MICROCONTROLLER PROJECTS. Dogan Ibrahim. Near East University, Cyprus WILEY. A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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1 USING LEDs, LCDs AND GLCDs IN MICROCONTROLLER PROJECTS Dogan Ibrahim Near East University, Cyprus WILEY A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication

2 Preface xiii Acknowledgements xv 1 Introduction to Microcontrollers and Display Systems Microcontrollers and Microprocessors Evolution of the Microcontroller Parts of a Microcontroller Address ALU Analogue Comparator AnaloguetoDigital Converter Brownout Detector Bus CAN CISC Clock CPU EEPROM EPROM Ethernet Flash Memory Harvard Architecture Idle Mode Interrupts LCD Drivers Pipelining Poweron Reset PROM 8 7J.22 RAM Realtime Clock Register Ttoe/ RISC 9 7J.27 7?<9M 9

3 vi Serial InputOutput Sleep Mode Supply Voltage Timers USB Watchdog Display Devices LED Segment LED OLED LCD Summary 15 Exercises 15 2 PIC18F Microcontrollers The PIC 18F2410 Microcontroller PIC18F2410 Architecture The Program Memory The Data Memory J Power Supply Requirements Oscillator Configurations k Reset Parallel I/O Ports Timer Modules AnaloguetoDigital Converter Module fyec/fl/ Features of the CPU Interrupts A/Zse' W/ViW; Modulator Module Summary 56 Exercises 56 3 C Programming Language C Languages for Microcontrollers Your First mikroc Pro for PIC Program Comments Beginning and Ending a Program White Spaces Variable Names Reserved Names Variable Types Constants Escape Sequences Volatile Variables Accessing Bits ofa Variable sbittype bit Type 70

4 Including vii Arrays Pointers Structures Unions Operators in mikroc Pro for PIC The Flow of Control Functions in mikroc Pro for PIC Function Prototypes void Functions Passing Parameters to Functions Passing Arrays to Functions Interrupt Processing mikroc Pro for PIC Builtin Functions mikroc Pro for PIC Libraries ANSI C Library Miscellaneous Library Using the mikroc Pro for PIC Compiler mikroc Pro for PIC IDE Creating a New Source File Compiling the Source File Using the mikroc Pro for PIC Simulator Setting a BreakPoint Other mikroc Pro for PIC Features View Statistics View Assembly ASCII Chart USART Terminal Seven Segment Editor Help Summary 128 Exercises PIC Microcontroller Development Tools Display Development Tools PIC Hardware Development Boards Super Bundle Development Kit PIC 18 Explorer Board PIC18F4XK20 Starter Kit PICDEM PIC16F887 Development Kit FUTURLEC PIC18F4550 Development Board EasyPlC6 Development Board Easy PIC7 Development Board PIC Microcontroller Display Development Tools Display Hardware Tools Display Software Tools 143

5 viii 4.3 Using the InCircuit Debugger with the EasyPIC7 Development Board Summary 149 Exercises Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) A Typical LED LED Colours LED Sizes BiColour LEDs TriColour LEDs Flashing LEDs Other LED Shapes Segment LEDs Displaying Numbers Multidigit 7Segment Displays Alphanumeric LEDs mikroc Pro for PIC 7Segment LED Editor Summary 163 Exercises Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs) and mikroc Pro for PIC LCD Functions HD44780 Controller Displaying User Denned Data DDRAM Addresses Display Timing and Control Clear Display Return Cursor to Home Cursor Move Direction Display ON/OFF Cursor and Display Shift Function Set Set CGRAM Address Set DDRAM Address Read Busy Flag Write Data to CGRAM or DDRAM Read Data from CGRAM or DDRAM LCD Initialisation bit Mode Initialisation bit Mode Initialisation Example LCD Display Setup Program mikroc Pro for PIC LCD Functions Lcdjnit LcdJDut LcdjOutjCp Lcd_Chr 181

6 ix LcdjChrjCp LcdjCmd Summary 182 Exercises Graphics LCD Displays (GLCD) The 128 x 64 Pixel GLCD Operation of the GLCD Display mikroc Pro for PIC GLCD Library Functions Glcdjnit Gkd_Set_Side Glcd_Set_X Gkd_Set_Page Glcd_Write_Data Glcd_Fill Gkd_Dot Glcd_Line Gkd_V_Line Glcd_H_Line Gkcl_Rec tangle Gkd_Reetangle_Round_Edges Glcd_Rectangle_Round_Edges_Fill Glcd_Box GkdjCircle Glcd_Circle_Fill Glcd_Set_Font Gkd_Set_Font_Adv Gkd_Write_Char Gkd_WritejChar_Adv Gkd_Write_Text Gkd_Write_Text_Adv J. 2 J Gkd_Write_Const_Text_Adv Gkdjmage Example GLCD Display mikroc Pro for PIC Bitmap Editor Adding Touchscreen to GLCDs Types of Touchscreen Displays Resistive Touch Screens Summary 203 Exercises Microcontroller Program Development Using the Program Description Language and Flowcharts BEGINEND Sequencing 206

7 Rotating Random Changing Single Display External Creating X IFTHENELSEEND1F DO ENDDO REPEATUNTIL Calling Subprograms Subprogram Structure Examples Representing for Loops in Flowcharts Summary 218 Exercises LED Based Projects PROJECT9.1Flashing LED PROJECT 9.2 Binary Counting Up LEDs PROJECT PROJECT PROJECT 9.5 LEDs 229 Wheel of Lucky Day 231 Flashing LEDs PROJECT 9.6 LED Dice PROJECT 9.7Connecting more than one LED to a Port Pin PROJECT 9.8 the Brightness of LEDs PROJECT 9.9 LED Candle Summary 267 Exercises Segment LED Display Based Projects PROJECT PROJECT 10.2 Digit Up Counting 7Segment LED Display 269 a Number on 2Digit 7Segment LED Display PROJECT 10.3 Display Lottery Numbers on 2Digit 7Segment LED Display PROJECT PROJECT 10.5 Event Counter Using 4Digit 7Segment LED Display 285 Interrupt Based Event Counter Using 4Digit 7Segment LED Display with Serial Driver Summary 302 Exercises Text Based LCD Projects PROJECT 11.1 Displaying Text on LCD PROJECT 11.2 Moving Text on LCD PROJECT 11.3 Counting with the LCD PROJECT 11.4 Custom Fonts on the LCD PROJECT 11.5 LCD Dice PROJECT 11.6 Digital Voltmeter PROJECT 11.7 Temperature and Pressure Display PROJECT 11.8 The High/Low Game Summary 344 Exercises 345

8 Moving Temperature LED Mini Decimal Countdown xi 12 Graphics LCD Projects PROJECT 12.1 Creating and Displaying a Bitmap Image PROJECT 12.2 Ball Animation PROJECT 12.3GLCD Dice PROJECT 12.4 GLCD XY Plotting PROJECT 12.5 Plotting Temperature Variation on the GLCD PROJECT 12.6 and Relative Humidity Measurement Operation of the SHT Acknowledgement Summary 400 Exercises Touch Screen Graphics LCD Projects PROJECT 13.1 Touch Screen LED ONOFF PROJECT 13.2 Flashing with Variable Rate Summary 418 Exercises Using the Visual GLCD Software in GLCD Projects PROJECT 14.1 Toggle LED PROJECT PROJECT 14.3 Toggle more than One LED 425 Electronic Organ PROJECT 14.4 Using the SmartGLCD PROJECT 14.5 to Hexadecimal Converter using the SmartGLCD Summary 452 Exercises Using the Visual TFT Software in Graphics Projects PROJECT 15.1 Timer PROJECT 15.2 Electronic Book PROJECT 15.3 Picture Show Summary 472 Exercises 472 Bibliography 473 Index 475

USING LEDs, LCDs AND GLCDs IN MICROCONTROLLER PROJECTS

USING LEDs, LCDs AND GLCDs IN MICROCONTROLLER PROJECTS USING LEDs, LCDs AND GLCDs IN MICROCONTROLLER PROJECTS Dogan Ibrahim Near East University, Cyprus This edition first published 2012 # 2012, John Wiley