RTL Design (2) Memory Components (RAMs & ROMs)
|
|
- Amice Goodman
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 RTL Design (2) Memory Components (RAMs & ROMs)
2 Memory Components All sequential circuit have a form of memory Register, latches, etc However, the term memory is generally reserved for bits that are stored in a structured way. N Memory components are generally instantiated outside of the controller and path. Memory components are generally differentiated from disk storage The RAM of a computer is the memory, not the hard disk.
3 Early Storage In the early days of digital circuits, memories did not exist. Bits were stored on a magnetic drum or disk To read or write an address, the disk or drum has to be rotated to the correct spot. This was a slow process Bits were accessed serially. Most hard drives still operate in this fashion. Memories were a major evolution over disks and drums Any address could be accessed in any order Access was no longer serial. >
4 Memory Terminology Address A code used to identify a storage location Word A element stored at a memory > location. Word length The number of bits that can be stored in a word. In most modern architectures, a word is 32-bits. A microprocessor may have an 8-bit word. M x N M is the number of words N is the word length
5 RAM Random Access Memory A RAM is a memory structure that allows random (i.e. not sequential) access to each word ( element) stored in the memory. RAM is logically structured the same as a register file > Less than approximately words Register File Greater than approximately words RAM Ports Most RAMs have a single bi-directional port that is used for both reading and writing Most register files are dual ported Storage elements differ between register files and RAMs RF s use registers Memories need smaller elements due to the large size of the device. We will discuss two types.
6 RAM Due to the large size of RAMs, physical layout is important Square shapes are most efficient to minimize wire lengths. > Shorter wires mean smaller delays RAM layout is broken into word lines and bit lines Word lines turn on all storage elements that correspond to the word Each storage element is connected to a bit line where is read and written.
7 RAM Symbol 32 0 addr r w en 024x32 RAM > is bi-directional addr is the address of the word we wish to operate on. rw indicates our operation is write 0 is read en enables the requested operation.
8 RAM Schematic 32 0 addr rw en 024x32 RAM addr0 addr addr(a-) Let A = log 2 M d0 a0 a AxM d decoder a(a-) w(n-) word enable w(n-2) w0 bit storage block (aka cell ) word cell rw Combining rd and wr lines r (N-) w (N-) r0 clk en rw w0 e d(m-) to all cells r(n-) r(n-2) r0 word word enable enable rw RAM cell (N-) 0 Larger designs replicate this simple structure and enable multiple words with a single word line. A demux is used to choose the output bits of the desired word.
9 Static RAM (SRAM) word enable d 0 cell d Inverters create a bistable storage element Transistors are used to enable access to the cell. Both and must be provided to write a value to the cell.
10 SRAM Operations Write. Place the desired value on the bit lines. 2. Enabled the word line. 3. New values pass through the transistors and overwrite the old values. word enable d 0 0
11 SRAM Operations Read. Precharge both and to. 2. Enable the word line. 3. Stored values cause the precharged values to raise (for a stored ) or drop (for a stored 0). 4. A sense amplifier reads the difference of the two lines to determine the value. word enable d 0 < To sense amplifiers
12 Dynamic RAM (DRAM) word enable d cell capacitor slowly discharging Value is stored as a charge on the capacitor. Charge must be periodically restored due to parasitic resistance. Very compact storage method.
13 DRAM Operations Read. Pre-charge the word line with a voltage halfway between 0 and. 2. Enable the word line. The stored value alters the bit line voltage, discharging the cap. 3. Sense the voltage change to determine the value. 4. Write the previous value back to restore the cap s charge.
14 DRAM Operations Write. Set to the desired value. 2. Enable the word line. Capacitor is charged () or discharged (0). 3. Parasitic resistance starts to discharge the capacitor Large capacitors are used to make this a slow process.
15 DRAM Operations Refresh Due to parasitic resistances, the value stored on a cap drains over time. Periodically, all storage cells must be refreshed:. Read the value 2. Write it back The requirement for a refresh means that dynamic RAM cells are slower than SRAM cells. Speed is traded for reduced size. enable discharges
16 Comparing Memory Types Register file Fastest But biggest size SRAM Fast More compact than register file DRAM Slowest And refreshing takes time But very compact Use register file for small items, SRAM for large items, and DRAM for huge items Note: DRAM s big capacitor requires a special chip design process, so DRAM is often a separate chip register file MxN Memory implemented as a: SRAM DRAM Size comparison for same number of bits (not to scale)
17 RAM Timing RAMs have setup and hold timing requirements. Access time is the propagation delay for reading a value.
18 Reading and Writing a RAM clk addr rw en means write 999 Z 500 RAM[9] RAM[3] now equals 500 now equals 999 Writing (b) Put address on addr lines, on lines, set rw=, en= Reading Set addr and en lines, but put nothing (Z) on lines, set rw=0 Data will appear on lines Don t forget to obey setup and hold times In short keep inputs stable before and after a clock edge Access time is the propagation delay for reading a value. 3 clk addr rw valid valid setup time hold time setup time Z 500 access time
19 ROM Read Only Memory ROMs are a type of memory that can only be read. The act of writing initial values to a ROM is called programming. Advantages over RAM: More Compact very simple storage elements Non-volatile values are stored ever when power is removed. Increased Speed Low Power Several different storage elements can be used.
20 ROM Symbol is read only addr 024x32 ROM addr is the address of the word we wish to read. en en enables the a read operation.
21 ROM Schematic 32 0 addr en 024x32 ROM ROM block symbol addr0 addr addr addr(a-) clk en Let A = log 2 M d0 a0 a AxM d decoder a(a-) e d(m-) word enable 㩰 ю bit storage block (aka cell ) word word word enable enable r(n-) r(n-2) r0 ROM cell Internal logical structure similar to RAM, without the input lines
22 ROM Storage Types Mask Programmed ROM is programmed at the time of manufacture by hardwiring values. line 0 line Most compact type of ROM. Very fast 池 ю word enable cell cell Impossible to change without expensive redesign. word enable (from decoder) simply passes the hardwired value through transistor
23 ROM Storage Types Fuse-Based Programmable ROM (PROM) line line One Time Programmable (OTP) Fuses a blown to disable connections (programs a zero). 貰 э word enable cell fuse cell blown fuse ROM must be replaced to change stored values.
24 ROM Storage Types Erasable PROM (EPROM) Utilizes a floating gate transistor. Transistor has two gates. The floating gate has no electrical connections and is surrounded by 邀 э high impedance insulation. Unprogrammed, a floating gate transistor operates as normal. Stores a Programming involves placing a large voltage on the gate to trap electrons in the floating gate, disabling it s ability to conduct. Stores a 0 Programming can be erased by exposure to UV light Gives electrons enough energy to escape. floating-gate transistor word enable line line cell cell 0 e - e - trapped electrons
25 ROM Storage Types Electrically Erasable PROM (EEPROM) Like an EPROM, but thinner insulation around the floating gate allows it to be de-programmed with a high negative voltage. Programming is slow. At this point, ROMs start to resemble RAMs. Flash Memory A type of EEPROM Words are organized in blocks All words in a block can be erased quickly 溰 Ձ Both types are in-system programmable Can be programmed with new stored bits while in the system in which the ROM operates Requires bi-directional lines, and write control input Also need busy output to indicate that erasing is in progress erasing takes some time
26 EEPROM Symbol 32 0 addr en write busy 024x32 EEPROM 섀 Ծ is bi-directional addr is the address of the word we wish to operate on. en enables the a read operation. write = write the value of at the address. busy = indicates that programming is not yet complete.
CSE140: Components and Design Techniques for Digital Systems
CSE140: Componts and Design Techniques for Digital Systems Tajana Simunic Rosing 1 Outline Today: Memory ROM RAM FIFO Queue Next: Register Transfer Level Design 2 CSE140: Componts and Design Techniques
More informationVery Large Scale Integration (VLSI)
Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Lecture 8 Dr. Ahmed H. Madian ah_madian@hotmail.com Content Array Subsystems Introduction General memory array architecture SRAM (6-T cell) CAM Read only memory Introduction
More informationEmbedded Systems Design: A Unified Hardware/Software Introduction. Outline. Chapter 5 Memory. Introduction. Memory: basic concepts
Hardware/Software Introduction Chapter 5 Memory Outline Memory Write Ability and Storage Permanence Common Memory Types Composing Memory Memory Hierarchy and Cache Advanced RAM 1 2 Introduction Memory:
More informationEmbedded Systems Design: A Unified Hardware/Software Introduction. Chapter 5 Memory. Outline. Introduction
Hardware/Software Introduction Chapter 5 Memory 1 Outline Memory Write Ability and Storage Permanence Common Memory Types Composing Memory Memory Hierarchy and Cache Advanced RAM 2 Introduction Embedded
More informationMemory. Outline. ECEN454 Digital Integrated Circuit Design. Memory Arrays. SRAM Architecture DRAM. Serial Access Memories ROM
ECEN454 Digital Integrated Circuit Design Memory ECEN 454 Memory Arrays SRAM Architecture SRAM Cell Decoders Column Circuitry Multiple Ports DRAM Outline Serial Access Memories ROM ECEN 454 12.2 1 Memory
More informationCS24: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING SYSTEMS. Spring 2017 Lecture 13
CS24: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING SYSTEMS Spring 2017 Lecture 13 COMPUTER MEMORY So far, have viewed computer memory in a very simple way Two memory areas in our computer: The register file Small number
More informationCOMP3221: Microprocessors and. and Embedded Systems. Overview. Lecture 23: Memory Systems (I)
COMP3221: Microprocessors and Embedded Systems Lecture 23: Memory Systems (I) Overview Memory System Hierarchy RAM, ROM, EPROM, EEPROM and FLASH http://www.cse.unsw.edu.au/~cs3221 Lecturer: Hui Wu Session
More informationHardware Design with VHDL PLDs I ECE 443. FPGAs can be configured at least once, many are reprogrammable.
PLDs, ASICs and FPGAs FPGA definition: Digital integrated circuit that contains configurable blocks of logic and configurable interconnects between these blocks. Key points: Manufacturer does NOT determine
More informationConcept of Memory. The memory of computer is broadly categories into two categories:
Concept of Memory We have already mentioned that digital computer works on stored programmed concept introduced by Von Neumann. We use memory to store the information, which includes both program and data.
More informationIntroduction to SRAM. Jasur Hanbaba
Introduction to SRAM Jasur Hanbaba Outline Memory Arrays SRAM Architecture SRAM Cell Decoders Column Circuitry Non-volatile Memory Manufacturing Flow Memory Arrays Memory Arrays Random Access Memory Serial
More informationECSE-2610 Computer Components & Operations (COCO)
ECSE-2610 Computer Components & Operations (COCO) Part 18: Random Access Memory 1 Read-Only Memories 2 Why ROM? Program storage Boot ROM for personal computers Complete application storage for embedded
More informationMemories. Design of Digital Circuits 2017 Srdjan Capkun Onur Mutlu.
Memories Design of Digital Circuits 2017 Srdjan Capkun Onur Mutlu http://www.syssec.ethz.ch/education/digitaltechnik_17 Adapted from Digital Design and Computer Architecture, David Money Harris & Sarah
More informationMemory Overview. Overview - Memory Types 2/17/16. Curtis Nelson Walla Walla University
Memory Overview Curtis Nelson Walla Walla University Overview - Memory Types n n n Magnetic tape (used primarily for long term archive) Magnetic disk n Hard disk (File, Directory, Folder) n Floppy disks
More information+1 (479)
Memory Courtesy of Dr. Daehyun Lim@WSU, Dr. Harris@HMC, Dr. Shmuel Wimer@BIU and Dr. Choi@PSU http://csce.uark.edu +1 (479) 575-6043 yrpeng@uark.edu Memory Arrays Memory Arrays Random Access Memory Serial
More informationSemiconductor Memories: RAMs and ROMs
Semiconductor Memories: RAMs and ROMs Lesson Objectives: In this lesson you will be introduced to: Different memory devices like, RAM, ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, etc. Different terms like: read, write,
More informationRead and Write Cycles
Read and Write Cycles The read cycle is shown. Figure 41.1a. The RAS and CAS signals are activated one after the other to latch the multiplexed row and column addresses respectively applied at the multiplexed
More informationFPGA Programming Technology
FPGA Programming Technology Static RAM: This Xilinx SRAM configuration cell is constructed from two cross-coupled inverters and uses a standard CMOS process. The configuration cell drives the gates of
More informationOrganization. 5.1 Semiconductor Main Memory. William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture 6th Edition
William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture 6th Edition Chapter 5 Internal Memory 5.1 Semiconductor Main Memory 5.2 Error Correction 5.3 Advanced DRAM Organization 5.1 Semiconductor Main Memory
More informationCSE140: Components and Design Techniques for Digital Systems. Register Transfer Level (RTL) Design. Tajana Simunic Rosing
CSE140: Components and Design Techniques for Digital Systems Register Transfer Level (RTL) Design Tajana Simunic Rosing Welcome to CSE 140! Where we are going today: RTL examples, Memory Upcoming: HW6
More informationECE 2300 Digital Logic & Computer Organization
ECE 2300 Digital Logic & Computer Organization Spring 201 Memories Lecture 14: 1 Announcements HW6 will be posted tonight Lab 4b next week: Debug your design before the in-lab exercise Lecture 14: 2 Review:
More informationWilliam Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture 6th Edition. Chapter 5 Internal Memory
William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture 6th Edition Chapter 5 Internal Memory Semiconductor Memory Types Semiconductor Memory RAM Misnamed as all semiconductor memory is random access
More informationProgrammable Logic Devices Introduction CMPE 415. Programmable Logic Devices
Instructor: Professor Jim Plusquellic Programmable Logic Devices Text: The Design Warrior s Guide to FPGAs, Devices, Tools and Flows, Clive "Max" Maxfield, ISBN: 0-7506-7604-3 Modeling, Synthesis and Rapid
More informationIntroduction to Digital Logic Missouri S&T University CPE 2210 Hardware Implementations
Introduction to Digital Logic Missouri S&T University CPE 2210 Hardware Implementations Egemen K. Çetinkaya Egemen K. Çetinkaya Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Missouri University of Science
More informationChapter 5 Internal Memory
Chapter 5 Internal Memory Memory Type Category Erasure Write Mechanism Volatility Random-access memory (RAM) Read-write memory Electrically, byte-level Electrically Volatile Read-only memory (ROM) Read-only
More informationLecture 13: Memory and Programmable Logic
Lecture 13: Memory and Programmable Logic Syed M. Mahmud, Ph.D ECE Department Wayne State University Aby K George, ECE Department, Wayne State University Contents Introduction Random Access Memory Memory
More informationMemory and Programmable Logic
Memory and Programmable Logic Mano & Ciletti Chapter 7 By Suleyman TOSUN Ankara University Outline RAM Memory decoding Error detection and correction ROM Programmable Logic Array (PLA) Programmable Array
More informationComputer Organization and Assembly Language (CS-506)
Computer Organization and Assembly Language (CS-506) Muhammad Zeeshan Haider Ali Lecturer ISP. Multan ali.zeeshan04@gmail.com https://zeeshanaliatisp.wordpress.com/ Lecture 2 Memory Organization and Structure
More informationECEN 449 Microprocessor System Design. Memories. Texas A&M University
ECEN 449 Microprocessor System Design Memories 1 Objectives of this Lecture Unit Learn about different types of memories SRAM/DRAM/CAM Flash 2 SRAM Static Random Access Memory 3 SRAM Static Random Access
More informationELCT 912: Advanced Embedded Systems
Advanced Embedded Systems Lecture 2: Memory and Programmable Logic Dr. Mohamed Abd El Ghany, Memory Random Access Memory (RAM) Can be read and written Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) Data stored so
More informationCMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Spring Lecture 22: Memery, ROM
CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Spring 2011 Lecture 22: Memery, ROM [Adapted from Rabaey s Digital Integrated Circuits, Second Edition, 2003 J. Rabaey, A. Chandrakasan, B. Nikolic] Sp11 CMPEN 411 L22 S.1
More informationMicrocontroller Systems. ELET 3232 Topic 11: General Memory Interfacing
Microcontroller Systems ELET 3232 Topic 11: General Memory Interfacing 1 Objectives To become familiar with the concepts of memory expansion and the data and address bus To design embedded systems circuits
More informationCS 320 February 2, 2018 Ch 5 Memory
CS 320 February 2, 2018 Ch 5 Memory Main memory often referred to as core by the older generation because core memory was a mainstay of computers until the advent of cheap semi-conductor memory in the
More informationCREATED BY M BILAL & Arslan Ahmad Shaad Visit:
CREATED BY M BILAL & Arslan Ahmad Shaad Visit: www.techo786.wordpress.com Q1: Define microprocessor? Short Questions Chapter No 01 Fundamental Concepts Microprocessor is a program-controlled and semiconductor
More informationDesign and Implementation of an AHB SRAM Memory Controller
Design and Implementation of an AHB SRAM Memory Controller 1 Module Overview Learn the basics of Computer Memory; Design and implement an AHB SRAM memory controller, which replaces the previous on-chip
More informationESE370: Circuit-Level Modeling, Design, and Optimization for Digital Systems
ESE370: Circuit-Level Modeling, Design, and Optimization for Digital Systems Lec 26: November 9, 2018 Memory Overview Dynamic OR4! Precharge time?! Driving input " With R 0 /2 inverter! Driving inverter
More informationInternal Memory. Computer Architecture. Outline. Memory Hierarchy. Semiconductor Memory Types. Copyright 2000 N. AYDIN. All rights reserved.
Computer Architecture Prof. Dr. Nizamettin AYDIN naydin@yildiz.edu.tr nizamettinaydin@gmail.com Internal Memory http://www.yildiz.edu.tr/~naydin 1 2 Outline Semiconductor main memory Random Access Memory
More informationCS 265. Computer Architecture. Wei Lu, Ph.D., P.Eng.
CS 265 Computer Architecture Wei Lu, Ph.D., P.Eng. Part 4: Memory Organization Our goal: understand the basic types of memory in computer understand memory hierarchy and the general process to access memory
More informationSemiconductor Memory Classification. Today. ESE 570: Digital Integrated Circuits and VLSI Fundamentals. CPU Memory Hierarchy.
ESE 57: Digital Integrated Circuits and VLSI Fundamentals Lec : April 4, 7 Memory Overview, Memory Core Cells Today! Memory " Classification " ROM Memories " RAM Memory " Architecture " Memory core " SRAM
More informationUMBC. Select. Read. Write. Output/Input-output connection. 1 (Feb. 25, 2002) Four commonly used memories: Address connection ... Dynamic RAM (DRAM)
Memory Types Two basic types: ROM: Read-only memory RAM: Read-Write memory Four commonly used memories: ROM Flash (EEPROM) Static RAM (SRAM) Dynamic RAM (DRAM) Generic pin configuration: Address connection
More informationSemiconductor Memory Classification
ESE37: Circuit-Level Modeling, Design, and Optimization for Digital Systems Lec 6: November, 7 Memory Overview Today! Memory " Classification " Architecture " Memory core " Periphery (time permitting)!
More informationSummer 2003 Lecture 18 07/09/03
Summer 2003 Lecture 18 07/09/03 NEW HOMEWORK Instruction Execution Times: The 8088 CPU is a synchronous machine that operates at a particular clock frequency. In the case of the original IBM PC, that clock
More informationECE 485/585 Microprocessor System Design
Microprocessor System Design Lecture 4: Memory Hierarchy Memory Taxonomy SRAM Basics Memory Organization DRAM Basics Zeshan Chishti Electrical and Computer Engineering Dept Maseeh College of Engineering
More informationCSE140: Components and Design Techniques for Digital Systems. Register Transfer Level (RTL) Design. Tajana Simunic Rosing
CSE140: Components and Design Techniques for Digital Systems Register Transfer Level (RTL) Design Tajana Simunic Rosing RTL Design Process Example: Simple data encryption/decryption device B =1, set offset
More informationDigital Systems. Semiconductor memories. Departamentul de Bazele Electronicii
Digital Systems Semiconductor memories Departamentul de Bazele Electronicii Outline ROM memories ROM memories PROM memories EPROM memories EEPROM, Flash, MLC memories Applications with ROM memories extending
More informationMEMORIES. Memories. EEC 116, B. Baas 3
MEMORIES Memories VLSI memories can be classified as belonging to one of two major categories: Individual registers, single bit, or foreground memories Clocked: Transparent latches and Flip-flops Unclocked:
More informationMemory classification:- Topics covered:- types,organization and working
Memory classification:- Topics covered:- types,organization and working 1 Contents What is Memory? Cache Memory PC Memory Organisation Types 2 Memory what is it? Usually we consider this to be RAM, ROM
More informationComputer Organization. 8th Edition. Chapter 5 Internal Memory
William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture 8th Edition Chapter 5 Internal Memory Semiconductor Memory Types Memory Type Category Erasure Write Mechanism Volatility Random-access memory (RAM)
More informationUnit 6 1.Random Access Memory (RAM) Chapter 3 Combinational Logic Design 2.Programmable Logic
EE 200: Digital Logic Circuit Design Dr Radwan E Abdel-Aal, COE Unit 6.Random Access Memory (RAM) Chapter 3 Combinational Logic Design 2. Logic Logic and Computer Design Fundamentals Part Implementation
More informationMEMORY BHARAT SCHOOL OF BANKING- VELLORE
A memory is just like a human brain. It is used to store data and instructions. Computer memory is the storage space in computer where data is to be processed and instructions required for processing are
More informationBasic Organization Memory Cell Operation. CSCI 4717 Computer Architecture. ROM Uses. Random Access Memory. Semiconductor Memory Types
CSCI 4717/5717 Computer Architecture Topic: Internal Memory Details Reading: Stallings, Sections 5.1 & 5.3 Basic Organization Memory Cell Operation Represent two stable/semi-stable states representing
More informationUNIT V (PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC DEVICES)
UNIT V (PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC DEVICES) Introduction There are two types of memories that are used in digital systems: Random-access memory(ram): perform both the write and read operations. Read-only memory(rom):
More informationChapter 5. Internal Memory. Yonsei University
Chapter 5 Internal Memory Contents Main Memory Error Correction Advanced DRAM Organization 5-2 Memory Types Memory Type Category Erasure Write Mechanism Volatility Random-access memory(ram) Read-write
More informationLecture 11 SRAM Zhuo Feng. Z. Feng MTU EE4800 CMOS Digital IC Design & Analysis 2010
EE4800 CMOS Digital IC Design & Analysis Lecture 11 SRAM Zhuo Feng 11.1 Memory Arrays SRAM Architecture SRAM Cell Decoders Column Circuitryit Multiple Ports Outline Serial Access Memories 11.2 Memory Arrays
More informationP-2 Digital Design & Applications
P-2 Digital Design & Applications Semiconductor Memory (Unit-V) By: A K Verma SOS in Electronics & Photonics Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur (C.G.) 1 What is Memory? In computing, memory refers
More informationMemory Expansion. Lecture Embedded Systems
Memory Expansion Lecture 22 22-1 In These Notes... Memory Types Memory Expansion Interfacing Parallel Serial Direct Memory Access controllers 22-2 Memory Characteristics and Issues Volatility - Does it
More information! Memory Overview. ! ROM Memories. ! RAM Memory " SRAM " DRAM. ! This is done because we can build. " large, slow memories OR
ESE 57: Digital Integrated Circuits and VLSI Fundamentals Lec 2: April 5, 26 Memory Overview, Memory Core Cells Lecture Outline! Memory Overview! ROM Memories! RAM Memory " SRAM " DRAM 2 Memory Overview
More informationLecture-7 Characteristics of Memory: In the broad sense, a microcomputer memory system can be logically divided into three groups: 1) Processor
Lecture-7 Characteristics of Memory: In the broad sense, a microcomputer memory system can be logically divided into three groups: 1) Processor memory 2) Primary or main memory 3) Secondary memory Processor
More informationECE321 Electronics I
ECE321 Electronics I Lecture 28: DRAM & Flash Memories Payman Zarkesh-Ha Office: ECE Bldg. 230B Office hours: Tuesday 2:00-3:00PM or by appointment E-mail: payman@ece.unm.edu Slide: 1 Review of Last Lecture
More informationMemory in Digital Systems
MEMORIES Memory in Digital Systems Three primary components of digital systems Datapath (does the work) Control (manager) Memory (storage) Single bit ( foround ) Clockless latches e.g., SR latch Clocked
More informationDIGITAL SYSTEM FUNDAMENTALS (ECE421) DIGITAL ELECTRONICS FUNDAMENTAL (ECE422)
COURSE / CODE DIGITAL SYSTEM FUNDAMENTALS (ECE421) DIGITAL ELECTRONICS FUNDAMENTAL (ECE422) Memory In computing, memory refers to the computer hardware devices used to store information for immediate use
More informationSlide Set 10. for ENEL 353 Fall Steve Norman, PhD, PEng. Electrical & Computer Engineering Schulich School of Engineering University of Calgary
Slide Set 10 for ENEL 353 Fall 2017 Steve Norman, PhD, PEng Electrical & Computer Engineering Schulich School of Engineering University of Calgary Fall Term, 2017 SN s ENEL 353 Fall 2017 Slide Set 10 slide
More informationCENG 4480 L09 Memory 2
CENG 4480 L09 Memory 2 Bei Yu Reference: Chapter 11 Memories CMOS VLSI Design A Circuits and Systems Perspective by H.E.Weste and D.M.Harris 1 v.s. CENG3420 CENG3420: architecture perspective memory coherent
More informationCSEE 3827: Fundamentals of Computer Systems. Storage
CSEE 387: Fundamentals of Computer Systems Storage The big picture General purpose processor (e.g., Power PC, Pentium, MIPS) Internet router (intrusion detection, pacet routing, etc.) WIreless transceiver
More informationMemory, Latches, & Registers
Memory, Latches, & Registers 1) Structured Logic Arrays 2) Memory Arrays 3) Transparent Latches 4) Saving a few bucks at toll booths 5) Edge-triggered Registers L14 Memory 1 General Table Lookup Synthesis
More informationAddress connections Data connections Selection connections
Interface (cont..) We have four common types of memory: Read only memory ( ROM ) Flash memory ( EEPROM ) Static Random access memory ( SARAM ) Dynamic Random access memory ( DRAM ). Pin connections common
More informationEECS150 - Digital Design Lecture 16 Memory 1
EECS150 - Digital Design Lecture 16 Memory 1 March 13, 2003 John Wawrzynek Spring 2003 EECS150 - Lec16-mem1 Page 1 Memory Basics Uses: Whenever a large collection of state elements is required. data &
More informationEE141-Fall 2007 Digital Integrated Circuits. ROM and Flash. Announcements. Read-Only Memory Cells. Class Material. Semiconductor Memory Classification
EE4-Fall 2007 igital Integrated Circuits Lecture 29 ROM, Flash, and RAM ROM and Flash 4 4 Announcements Final ec. 20 th Room TBA Final review sessions: Mon. ec. 7 th 3:30pm, 550 Cory Tues. ec. 7 th 3:30pm,
More informationThe Memory Hierarchy Part I
Chapter 6 The Memory Hierarchy Part I The slides of Part I are taken in large part from V. Heuring & H. Jordan, Computer Systems esign and Architecture 1997. 1 Outline: Memory components: RAM memory cells
More informationLogic and Computer Design Fundamentals. Chapter 8 Memory Basics
Logic and Computer Design Fundamentals Memory Basics Overview Memory definitions Random Access Memory (RAM) Static RAM (SRAM) integrated circuits Arrays of SRAM integrated circuits Dynamic RAM (DRAM) Read
More informationHOMEWORK 7 CMPEN 411 Due: 3/22/ :30pm
HOMEWORK 7 CMPEN 411 Due: 3/22/2016 11:30pm Learning Objective Use the VLSI CAD tools to design and implement the SRAM consisting of 32 words, 16 bit per word, and analyze it. (This SRAM will be used as
More informationMemory, Latches, & Registers
Memory, Latches, & Registers 1) Structured Logic Arrays 2) Memory Arrays 3) Transparent Latches 4) How to save a few bucks at toll booths 5) Edge-triggered Registers L13 Memory 1 General Table Lookup Synthesis
More informationLecture Objectives. Introduction to Computing Chapter 0. Topics. Numbering Systems 04/09/2017
Lecture Objectives Introduction to Computing Chapter The AVR microcontroller and embedded systems using assembly and c Students should be able to: Convert between base and. Explain the difference between
More information10/24/2016. Let s Name Some Groups of Bits. ECE 120: Introduction to Computing. We Just Need a Few More. You Want to Use What as Names?!
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering ECE 120: Introduction to Computing Memory Let s Name Some Groups of Bits I need your help. The computer we re going
More informationMemory and Programmable Logic
Memory and Programmable Logic Memory units allow us to store and/or retrieve information Essentially look-up tables Good for storing data, not for function implementation Programmable logic device (PLD),
More informationMemory in Digital Systems
MEMORIES Memory in Digital Systems Three primary components of digital systems Datapath (does the work) Control (manager) Memory (storage) Single bit ( foround ) Clockless latches e.g., SR latch Clocked
More informationLarge and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy
CSE 431: Introduction to Operating Systems Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy Gojko Babić 10/5/018 Memory Hierarchy A computer system contains a hierarchy of storage devices with different costs,
More informationEE 308: Microcontrollers
EE 308: Microcontrollers AVR Architecture Aly El-Osery Electrical Engineering Department New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology Socorro, New Mexico, USA January 23, 2018 Aly El-Osery (NMT) EE 308:
More informationSense Amplifiers 6 T Cell. M PC is the precharge transistor whose purpose is to force the latch to operate at the unstable point.
Announcements (Crude) notes for switching speed example from lecture last week posted. Schedule Final Project demo with TAs. Written project report to include written evaluation section. Send me suggestions
More informationCHAPTER 12 ARRAY SUBSYSTEMS [ ] MANJARI S. KULKARNI
CHAPTER 2 ARRAY SUBSYSTEMS [2.4-2.9] MANJARI S. KULKARNI OVERVIEW Array classification Non volatile memory Design and Layout Read-Only Memory (ROM) Pseudo nmos and NAND ROMs Programmable ROMS PROMS, EPROMs,
More informationCOSC 243. Memory and Storage Systems. Lecture 10 Memory and Storage Systems. COSC 243 (Computer Architecture)
COSC 243 1 Overview This Lecture Source: Chapters 4, 5, and 6 (10 th edition) Next Lecture Control Unit and Microprogramming 2 Electromagnetic Induction Move a magnet through a coil to induce a current
More informationContents. Memory System Overview Cache Memory. Internal Memory. Virtual Memory. Memory Hierarchy. Registers In CPU Internal or Main memory
Memory Hierarchy Contents Memory System Overview Cache Memory Internal Memory External Memory Virtual Memory Memory Hierarchy Registers In CPU Internal or Main memory Cache RAM External memory Backing
More information8051 INTERFACING TO EXTERNAL MEMORY
8051 INTERFACING TO EXTERNAL MEMORY Memory Capacity The number of bits that a semiconductor memory chip can store Called chip capacity It can be in units of Kbits (kilobits), Mbits (megabits), and so on
More informationChapter 2: Fundamentals of a microprocessor based system
Chapter 2: Fundamentals of a microprocessor based system Objectives Learn about the basic structure of microprocessor systems Learn about the memory read/write timing diagrams. Learn about address decoding
More informationChapter 4 Main Memory
Chapter 4 Main Memory Course Outcome (CO) - CO2 Describe the architecture and organization of computer systems Program Outcome (PO) PO1 Apply knowledge of mathematics, science and engineering fundamentals
More informationIntroduction read-only memory random access memory
Memory Interface Introduction Simple or complex, every microprocessorbased system has a memory system. Almost all systems contain two main types of memory: read-only memory (ROM) and random access memory
More informationPLAs & PALs. Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs) PLAs and PALs
PLAs & PALs Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs) PLAs and PALs PLAs&PALs By the late 1970s, standard logic devices were all the rage, and printed circuit boards were loaded with them. To offer the ultimate
More informationOverview. Memory Classification Read-Only Memory (ROM) Random Access Memory (RAM) Functional Behavior of RAM. Implementing Static RAM
Memories Overview Memory Classification Read-Only Memory (ROM) Types of ROM PROM, EPROM, E 2 PROM Flash ROMs (Compact Flash, Secure Digital, Memory Stick) Random Access Memory (RAM) Types of RAM Static
More informationEECS150 - Digital Design Lecture 16 - Memory
EECS150 - Digital Design Lecture 16 - Memory October 17, 2002 John Wawrzynek Fall 2002 EECS150 - Lec16-mem1 Page 1 Memory Basics Uses: data & program storage general purpose registers buffering table lookups
More informationSRAM. Introduction. Digital IC
SRAM Introduction Outline Memory Arrays SRAM Architecture SRAM Cell Decoders Column Circuitry Multiple Ports Serial Access Memories Memory Arrays Memory Arrays Random Access Memory Serial Access Memory
More informationSection 6. Memory Components Chapter 5.7, 5.8 Physical Implementations Chapter 7 Programmable Processors Chapter 8
Section 6 Memory Components Chapter 5.7, 5.8 Physical Implementations Chapter 7 Programmable Processors Chapter 8 Types of memory Two major types of memory Volatile When power to the device is removed
More informationUNIT:4 MEMORY ORGANIZATION
1 UNIT:4 MEMORY ORGANIZATION TOPICS TO BE COVERED. 4.1 Memory Hierarchy 4.2 Memory Classification 4.3 RAM,ROM,PROM,EPROM 4.4 Main Memory 4.5Auxiliary Memory 4.6 Associative Memory 4.7 Cache Memory 4.8
More informationRISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer)
RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC), is a microprocessor CPU design philosophy that favors a smaller and simpler set of instructions that all take about the
More informationChapter TEN. Memory and Memory Interfacing
Chapter TEN Memory and Memory Interfacing OBJECTIVES this chapter enables the student to: Define the terms capacity, organization, and speed as used in semiconductor memories. Calculate the chip capacity
More informationECE 152 Introduction to Computer Architecture
Introduction to Computer Architecture Main Memory and Virtual Memory Copyright 2009 Daniel J. Sorin Duke University Slides are derived from work by Amir Roth (Penn) Spring 2009 1 Where We Are in This Course
More informationModule 5a: Introduction To Memory System (MAIN MEMORY)
Module 5a: Introduction To Memory System (MAIN MEMORY) R E F E R E N C E S : S T A L L I N G S, C O M P U T E R O R G A N I Z A T I O N A N D A R C H I T E C T U R E M O R R I S M A N O, C O M P U T E
More informationIntroduction to Semiconductor Memory Dr. Lynn Fuller Webpage:
ROCHESTER INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING Introduction to Semiconductor Memory Webpage: http://people.rit.edu/lffeee 82 Lomb Memorial Drive Rochester, NY 14623-5604 Tel (585) 475-2035
More informationSemiconductor Memory Types Microprocessor Design & Organisation HCA2102
Semiconductor Memory Types Microprocessor Design & Organisation HCA2102 Internal & External Memory Semiconductor Memory RAM Misnamed as all semiconductor memory is random access Read/Write Volatile Temporary
More informationIntegrated Circuits & Systems
Federal University of Santa Catarina Center for Technology Computer Science & Electronics Engineering Integrated Circuits & Systems INE 5442 Lecture 23-1 guntzel@inf.ufsc.br Semiconductor Memory Classification
More informationCS152 Computer Architecture and Engineering Lecture 16: Memory System
CS152 Computer Architecture and Engineering Lecture 16: System March 15, 1995 Dave Patterson (patterson@cs) and Shing Kong (shing.kong@eng.sun.com) Slides available on http://http.cs.berkeley.edu/~patterson
More informationIntroduction to CMOS VLSI Design Lecture 13: SRAM
Introduction to CMOS VLSI Design Lecture 13: SRAM David Harris Harvey Mudd College Spring 2004 1 Outline Memory Arrays SRAM Architecture SRAM Cell Decoders Column Circuitry Multiple Ports Serial Access
More information