Apontamentos sobre Contadores

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Victoria Elfreda Nash
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1 Apontamentos sobre Contadores Sinais de entrada: UP/DOWN ENABLE (Count enable) LOAD (Parallel load) RE (Master Reset) Sinais de Saída MAX MIN CARR BORROW Tipos de contador: síncronos e assíncronos Entradas síncronas e assíncronas Flip-Flop tipo T 1.Contador Assíncrono de 3 bits Up com Parallel Load. LSD Contadores Page 1

2 2. Contador Síncrono de 3 bits Up/Down com Parallel Load. 2.1 Contador Up R = C1 = R1 = C2 = R2 = LSD Contadores Page 2

3 Descrição em CUPL ( 3Bits UP(CUPL)) Name CountMod8Up; Partno ; Date 7/1/213; Revision ; Device p22v1; Pin 2 = clear; /* Counter clear input */ Pin 3 = CE; /* Counter enable input */ Pin [14..16] = [2..]; /* Counter outputs */ Pin 18 = carry; /* Ripple carry out */.ar = 'b';.sp = 'b'; 1.ar = 'b'; 1.sp = 'b'; 2.ar = 'b'; 2.sp = 'b'; /** Declarations and Intermediate Variable Definitions **/ $define S 'b' /* define counter states */ $define S1 'b'1 $define S2 'b'1 $define S3 'b'11 $define S4 'b'1 $define S5 'b'11 $define S6 'b'11 $define S7 'b'111 /** Logic Equations **/ Sequenced [2..] { /* free running counter */ present S if CE next S1; if!ce next S; present S1 if CE next S2; if!ce next S1; present S2 if CE next S3; if!ce next S2; present S3 if CE next S4; if!ce next S3; present S4 if CE next S5; if!ce next S4; present S5 if CE next S6; if!ce next S5; present S6 if CE next S7; if!ce next S6; present S7 if CE next S; if!ce next S7; out carry; } LSD Contadores Page 3

4 Descrição CUPL ( Funções Lógicas ) ( 3Bits UP(LOGIC)) Name CountMod8Up; Partno ; Date 7/1/213; Revision ; Device p22v1; Pin 2 = clear; /* Counter clear input */ Pin 3 = CE; /* Counter enable input */ Pin [14..16] = [2..]; /* Counter outputs */ Pin 18 = carry; /* Ripple carry out */.ar = 'b';.sp = 'b'; 1.ar = 'b'; 1.sp = 'b'; 2.ar = 'b'; 2.sp = 'b';.d =!CE & # CE &! ; 1.d =!CE & 1 #! & 1 # CE & &!1 ; 2.d =!CE & 2 #! & 2 #!1 & 2 # CE & & 1 &!2 ; carry =! &!1 &! 2.2 Contador Down R= B1= R1= B2= R2= LSD Contadores Page 4

5 Descrição CUPL ( 3Bits DOWN(CUPL)) Name CountMod8Down; Partno ; Date 7/1/213; Revision ; Device p22v1; Pin 2 = clear; /* Counter clear input */ Pin 3 = CE; /* Counter enable input */ Pin [14..16] = [2..]; /* Counter outputs */ Pin 17 = borrow; /* Ripple borrow out */.ar = 'b';.sp = 'b'; 1.ar = 'b'; 1.sp = 'b'; 2.ar = 'b'; 2.sp = 'b'; /** Declarations and Intermediate Variable Definitions **/ $define S 'b' /* define counter states */ $define S1 'b'1 $define S2 'b'1 $define S3 'b'11 $define S4 'b'1 $define S5 'b'11 $define S6 'b'11 $define S7 'b'111 /** Logic Equations **/ Sequenced [2..] { /* free running counter */ present S if CE next S7; if!ce next S; out borrow; present S1 if CE next S; if!ce next S1; present S2 if CE next S1; if!ce next S2; present S3 if CE next S2; if!ce next S3; present S4 if CE next S3; if!ce next S4; present S5 if CE next S4; if!ce next S5; present S6 if CE next S5; if!ce next S6; present S7 if CE next S6; if!ce next S7; } LSD Contadores Page 5

6 Descrição CUPL ( Funções Lógicas ) ( 3Bits DOWN(LOGIC)) Name CountMod8Down; Partno ; Date 7/1/213; Revision ; Device p22v1; Pin 2 = clear; /* Counter clear input */ Pin 3 = CE; /* Counter direction input */ Pin 4 = PL; /* Counter Parallel Load */ Pin [5..7] = [P2..]; /* Counter inputs */ Pin [14..16] = [2..]; /* Counter outputs */ Pin 17 = borrow; /* Ripple borrow out */.ar = 'b';.sp = 'b'; 1.ar = 'b'; 1.sp = 'b'; 2.ar = 'b'; 2.sp = 'b'; /** Logic Equations **/.d = PL & P #!PL &!CE & # CE &! 1.d = PL & P1 #!PL &!CE & 1 # & 1 # CE &! &!1 2.d = PL & P2 #!PL &!CE & 2 # & 2 # 1 & 2 # CE &! &!1 &!2 2.3 Contador Up/Down R = CB1 = R1 = ( ) CB2 = ( ) R2 = ( ) LSD Contadores Page 6

7 Descrição CUPL (thoth.cc.e.ipl.pt/classes/lsd/1314i/li11n/resources/counter 3Bits UP/DOWN(CUPL)) Name CountMod8; Partno ; Date 7/1/213; Revision ; Device p22v1; Pin 2 = clear; /* Counter clear input */ Pin 3 = UnD; /* Counter direction input */ Pin 4 = CE; /* Counter enable */ Pin [14..16] = [2..]; /* Counter outputs */ Pin 17 = borrow; /* Ripple borrow out */ Pin 18 = carry; /* Ripple carry out */.ar = 'b';.sp = 'b'; 1.ar = 'b'; 1.sp = 'b'; 2.ar = 'b'; 2.sp = 'b'; /** Declarations and Intermediate Variable Definitions **/ $define S 'b' /* define counter states */ $define S1 'b'1 $define S2 'b'1 $define S3 'b'11 $define S4 'b'1 $define S5 'b'11 $define S6 'b'11 $define S7 'b'111 /** Logic Equations **/ Sequenced [2..] { /* free running counter */ present S if!ce next S; if CE & UnD next S1; if CE &!UnD next S7; if!und out borrow; present S1 if!ce next S1; if CE & UnD next S2; if CE &!UnD next S; present S2 if!ce next S2; if CE & UnD next S3; if CE &!UnD next S1; present S3 if!ce next S3; if CE & UnD next S4; if CE &!UnD next S2; present S4 if!ce next S4; if CE & UnD next S5; if CE &!UnD next S3; present S5 if!ce next S5; if CE & UnD next S6; if CE &!UnD next S4; present S6 if!ce next S6; if CE & UnD next S7; if CE &!UnD next S5; present S7 if!ce next S7; if CE & UnD next S; if CE &!UnD next S6; if UnD out carry; } LSD Contadores Page 7

8 Descrição CUPL (Funções Lógicas) (thoth.cc.e.ipl.pt/classes/lsd/1314i/li11n/resources/counter 3Bits UP/DOWN(LOGIC)) Name CountMod8; Partno ; Date 7/1/213; Revision ; Device p22v1; Pin 2 = clear; /* Counter clear input */ Pin 3 = UnD; /* Counter direction input */ Pin 4 = CE; /* Counter enable */ Pin 5 = PL; /* Counter parallel load */ Pin [6..8] = [P2..]; /* Counter inputs */ Pin [14..16] = [2..]; /* Counter outputs */ Pin 17 = borrow; /* Ripple borrow out */ Pin 18 = carry; /* Ripple carry out */.ar = clear;.sp = 'b'; 1.ar = clear; 1.sp = 'b'; 2.ar = clear; 2.sp = 'b';.d = PL & P #!PL & (!CE & # CE &! ); 1.d = PL & P1 #!PL & (!CE & 1 #! & 1 & UnD # CE & &!1 & UnD # & 1 &!UnD # CE &! &!1 &!UnD ); 2.d = PL & P2 #!PL & (!CE & 2 #! & 1 & 2 #!1 & 2 & UnD # & 2 &!UnD # CE & & 1 &!2 & UnD # CE &! &!1 &!2 &!UnD ); Módulo Contador P( i ) PL 1 S D 1 C( i-1) CLK MR S C( i ) UnD ( i ) LSD Contadores Page 8

9 P(i) P(i) C(i) C(i+1) C(i) C(i+1)... CLK MR PL UnD CNT (i) CLK MR PL UnD CNT (i) C(i) CLK MR PL UnD P(i) C(i+1) CNT (i) Descrição CUPL ( Funções Lógicas ) (thoth.cc.e.ipl.pt/classes/lsd/1314i/li11n/resources/counter 3Bits UP/DOWN Modular(LOGIC)) Name CountModular; Partno ; Date 7/1/213; Revision ; Device p22v1; Pin 2 = MR; /* Counter clear input */ Pin 3 = UnD; /* Counter direction input */ Pin 4 = CE; /* Counter enable */ Pin 5 = PL; /* Parallel load syncro */ Pin [6..8] = [P..2]; /* Counter input */ Pin [14..16] = [2..]; /* Counter outputs */ Pin 17 = borrow; /* Ripple borrow out */ Pin 18 = carry; /* Ripple carry out */.ar = MR;.sp = 'b'; 1.ar = MR; 1.sp = 'b'; 2.ar = MR; 2.sp = 'b'; /** Logic Equations **/ C = CE; /* C() */ $REPEAT i = [..2] {i}.d = PL & P{i} # (!PL & (C{i} $ {i})); /* (i) */ C{i+1} = ( UnD & {i} #!UnD &!{i} ) & C{i}; /* C(i+1) */ $REPEND LSD Contadores Page 9

10 Exemplo: 74HCT193 Presettable synchronous 4-bit binary LSD Contadores Page 1

11 3.Shift-Register Estrutura Típica P P1 P2 SERIAL IN LEFT LOADnSHIFT SERIAL IN RIGHT 1 S 1 S D 1 S 1 S D 1 S 1 S D CLK RIGHTnLEFT Descrição CUPL ( Funções Lógicas ) (thoth.cc.e.ipl.pt/classes/lsd/1314i/li11n/resources/shift 4Bits(LOGIC)) Name Shift4; Partno ; Revision 1; Date 9/1/213; Company CCISEL; Device p22v1; 1 2 /* Inputs */ pin 1 = CLK; pin 2 = LOADnSHIFT; pin 3 = SerialInRight; pin 4 = CLEAR; pin 5 = RIGHTnLEFT; pin 6 = SerialInLeft; pin [7..1] = [D..3]; /* Outputs */ pin [14..16] = [..3]; /* EUATIONS */.ar = CLEAR;.sp = 'b'; 1.ar = CLEAR; 1.sp = 'b'; 2.ar = CLEAR; 2.sp = 'b'; 3.ar = CLEAR; 3.sp = 'b'; S = SerialInRight; 4 = SerialInLeft; $REPEAT i = [..3] /*Load in the data*/ {i}.d = LOADnSHIFT & ( D{i} & RIGHTnLEFT #!RIGHTnLEFT & {i+1} ) /*Load */ #!LOADnSHIFT & S{i}; /*Shifts*/ S{i+1} = {i}; $REPEND LSD Contadores Page 11

12 Shift Register (Right) Name ShiftRight; Partno ; Revision 1; Date 9/1/213; Company CCISEL; Device p22v1; /* 4-Bit Loadable Shift Register */ /* Inputs */ pin 1 = CLK; pin 2 = PL; pin 3 = Serial_in; pin 4 = MR; pin [5..8] = [D..3]; /* Outputs */ pin 21 = Serial_out; /* */ pin [14..17] = [..3]; /* EUATIONS */.ar = MR;.sp = 'b'; 1.ar = MR; 1.sp = 'b'; 2.ar = MR; 2.sp = 'b'; 3.ar = MR; 3.sp = 'b';.d = PL & D /*Load in the data*/ #!PL & Serial_in; /*Shifts the data*/ 1.d = PL & D1 /*Load in the data*/ #!PL & ; /*Shifts the data*/ 2.d = PL & D2 /*Load in the data*/ #!PL & 1; /*Shifts the data*/ 3.d = PL & D3 /*Load in the data*/ #!PL & 2; /*Shifts the data*/ Sout = 3; Shift Register (Hold) LSD Contadores Page 12

13 P P1 P2 LOADnSHIFT SERIAL IN 1 S 1 S D 1 S 1 S D 1 S 1 S D CLK HOLD 1 2 LSD Contadores Page 13

University of Technology

University of Technology Lecturer: Dr. Sinan Majid Course Title: microprocessors 4 th year Lecture 13 Counters Overview Counters are important components in computers The increment or decrement by one