Chapter 2 Formulas and Functions by Mary Anne Poatsy, Keith Mulbery, Lynn Hogan, Amy Rutledge, Cyndi Krebs, Eric Cameron, Rebecca Lawson

Transcription

1 Chapter 2 Formulas and Functions by Mary Anne Poatsy, Keith Mulbery, Lynn Hogan, Amy Rutledge, Cyndi Krebs, Eric Cameron, Rebecca Lawson 1

2 Excel offers 3 types of cell REFERENCES for use when a formula is COPIED ABSOLUTE $A$1 RELATIVE A1 MIXED $ A1 or A $ 1 F4 key toggles between the different types $ indicates that the ROW NUMBER or COLUMN LETTER will NOT be modified during a copy 2

3 A relative cell reference (default) indicates a cell s relative location from the cell containing the formula. 3

4 An absolute cell reference provides a permanent reference to a specific cell Absolutely will NOT change when COPIED 4

5 In mixed reference $B4, the column ( B ) is fixed, but the row ( 4 ) may be altered during a copy In mixed reference B$4, the row( 4 ) is fixed, but the column ( B ) may be altered during a copy 5

6 A circular referenceerror occurs if a formula refers to itself 6

7 An Excel function is a predefined formula that performs a calculation 7

8 Syntax is the set of rules that govern correct formation of a function (order of items, comma, brackets, spaces, etc.) An argument is an input, such as a cell or range A function begins with the equal sign (=) followed by the function NAME and arguments in parentheses Example: =SUM(A1:A3) 8

9 When a function is typed, Formula AutoComplete displays a list of functions matching the partial entry 9

10 A function ScreenTip is a small pop-up description that displays the function arguments. 10

11 Use the Insert Function dialog box to search for a function or select one from a list 11

12 The Function Arguments dialog box offers HELP on each argument 12

13 The SUM function returns the mathematical sum of some number of cells or ranges; for example: =SUM(A1:A3) =SUM(A1,B3,C5) =SUM(A1:B3,C5:E8) 13

14 Common STATISTICAL functions include: AVERAGE arithmetic mean MEDIAN midpoint value MIN minimum value MAX maximum value COUNT number of values in a range COUNTBLANK number of empty cells COUNTA number of NONempty cells 14

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17 =FREQUENCY(Number) Returns how often values occur within a set of data NAME TEST SCORE INTERVALS Jordan Lisa Jason Peter Kayla 83 Kim 55 Frank 76 Lilly 93 Jose 58 {=FREQUENCY(B2:B12,C2:C5)} into cells D2:D6 The 1st value in the array would display in cell D2. The result would be 2 (because there are 2 Test Scores <= 59). The 2nd value in the array would display in cell D3. The result would be 1 (because there is 1 Test Score between 60 and 69). The 3rd value in the array would display in cell D4. The result would be 2 (because there are 2 Test Scores between 70 and 79). 17

18 An Excel ARRAY FORMULA performs MULTIPLE calculations on 1 or more sets of values (the 'array arguments') and returns 1 or more results. SELECT the RANGE of cells that you want to input your ARRAY FORMULA into The selection should contain 1 CELL MORE than the number of values in your ARRAY (For example, if the bins array contains 4 values, select 5 cells.) 18

19 Enter the formula into the 1st cell of the range Press CTRL-SHIFT-ENTER Excel automatically places curly braces { } around array formulas Do NOT type the curly braces in yourself, (Excel will not interpret your formula as an array formula.) 19

20 =RANK RANK(number,ref,[order]) Returns the rank of a number in a list of numbers The RANK function syntax has the following arguments: Number Required. The number whose rank you want to find. Ref Required. An array of, or a reference to, a list of numbers. Nonnumeric values in ref are ignored. Order Optional. A number specifying how to rank number. 20

21 =ROUND(A1, 2) The ROUND function rounds a number to a specified number of digits. Formula Description Result =ROUND(2.15, 1) Rounds 2.15 to one decimal place 2.2 =ROUND(2.149, 1) Rounds to one decimal place 2.1 =ROUND(-1.475, 2) Rounds to two decimal places

22 A nested function occurs when 1 function is embedded as an argument to another function; for example: =IF(A1<A2,MIN(B1:B5),MAX(B1:B5)) Compute the MIN function if A1 is less than A2 Compute the MAX function if A1 is not less than A2 29

23 Since dates are numeric, calculations can be performed, such as subtraction The TODAY function displays the CURRENT date The NOW function displays the current date and TIME 30

24 Calculates the fraction of the year represented by the number of whole days between 2 dates (the start_date and the end_date). DATA DESCRIPTION 1/1/2012 Start date 7/30/2012 End date FORMULA DESCRIPTION RESULT =YEARFRAC(A2,A3) Fraction of the year between 1/1/2012 and 7/30/12, omitting the

25 =IF(logical_test, value_if_true,value_if_false) The =IF function has 3 arguments: A condition that is tested to determine if it is either true or false The resulting value IF the condition is true The resulting value IF the condition is false 32

26 The logical test is built from the logical operators 33

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28 Lookup functions are used to look up values in a table to perform calculations or display results For example, a teacher may want to look up an average in order to assign a grade 35

29 When searching a range, the BREAKPOINT is the lowest value for a category or series A lookup table typically lists breakpoints in 1 column and return values in a 2nd column = F = D = C -and so on.. 36

30 The VLOOKUP function searches a lookup table for a value and returns the result from the related column VLOOKUP has 3 required arguments: Lookup value Table array (range of lookup table) Column index of return value ADD a 4 th argument: FALSE if you want an EXACT MATCH 37

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32 The HLOOKUP function is used when the breakpoints and return data are placed in ROWS The 3rd argument now lists the ROW index 39

33 A range NAME is a word or string of characters assigned to 1 or more cells Range names make formulas easier to read 40

34 Range names use the following rules: 1 to 255 characters Begin with a letter OR underscore (_) Contain letters, digits, periods, underscores Valid names include Rate, OR: Tax_Rate, OR: Rate_

35 Excel offers a variety of methods to enter a range name after selecting the cells: Type the range name in the Name Box area Enter the name using New Name dialog box 42

36 Use the: FORMULAS > NAME MANAGER dialog box to edit or delete a range name 43