Introducing the Heat Wheel to the Data Center

Transcription

1 Introducing the Heat Wheel to the Data Center Robert (Dr. Bob) Sullivan, Ph.D. Data Center Infrastructure Specialist KyotoCooling International Critical Facilities Round Table 1

2 A New Free Cooling Technique New ASHRAE Environmental Guidelines Introducing the Heat Wheel (KyotoCooling) Efficiency Comparisons Critical Facilities Round Table 2

3 Computer Product Environmental Limits New Critical Facilities Round Table 3

4 Computer Product Environmental Limits New Who developed the new limits Not ASHRAE Computer Manufacturers Temperature Ranges Recommended Allowable Prolonged Exposure Critical Facilities Round Table 4

5 Computer Product Environmental Limits New Benefits Larger environmental envelope Wider temperature ranges to 27 C (81 F) Change from Relative Humidity to Dew Point Range from 5.5 C (42 F) to 15 C (59 F) Greater opportunity for Free Cooling Concerns Low Rh levels at low Dew Point and high temperatures Latent Cooling with cold coil systems and Dew Points above 10 C (50 F) Critical Facilities Round Table 5

6 Free Cooling Techniques Airside Economizing Free Air Cooling Waterside Economizing Chilled water without the refrigeration Heat Wheel the new player in the business Airside Economizing without air transfer Critical Facilities Round Table 6

7 Free Cooling Techniques Heat Wheel Application Uses a heat wheel to transfer the heat from the computer room outside environment Normal heat wheel (energy recovery system) application is in building HVAC systems Pre Cools the air in Summer Pre Heats the air in Winter Critical Facilities Round Table 7

8 Typical Heat Wheel Application Cooling in Summer Heating in Winter Critical Facilities Round Table 8

9 Heat Wheel Data Center Cooling 10/5/2009 Critical Facilities Round Table 9

10 Heat Wheel Application Heat wheel applied to a computer room cooling system Plumbed Wrong Wheel actually isolates computer room and ambient air Isolated Hot Aisle Room flooded with cold air Critical Facilities Round Table 10

11 Enclosed Hot Aisle Critical Facilities Round Table 11

12 Doors Sealing Hot Aisle Critical Facilities Round Table 12

13 Open Cold Aisle and Sealing of Hot Aisle Critical Facilities Round Table 13

14 Heat Wheel Cooling Illustration Heated datacenter air is collected above the datacenter ceiling Heated air flows through the heatwheel and is cooled down to a temperature of C (adjustable) Physical separation of hot and cold air Exhaust air Heatwheel Cold make up air in front of the IT equipment Cold outside air September 10/5/ , 2009 Critical Facilities Round Table 14

15 The Wheel Critical Facilities Round Table 15

16 The Ventilator Critical Facilities Round Table 16

17 Heat Wheel Application Little exchange of air from ambient to computer room Air exchange through wheel <0.3% Can be eliminated with use of computer room air Conditioned outside air sufficient to maintain positive pressure in computer room introduced through building AHU Minimizes exposures of airside economizing Contamination Humidity Control Airside economizing without the air transfer Critical Facilities Round Table 17

18 Heat Wheel Application Minimal Water usage required Supplemental cooling Modular DX units located within each cell Chilled water supplied from central plant Critical Facilities Round Table 18

19 Capitol Cost of Installation Capitol cost equivalent to conventional chilled water installation KPN estimate for 12.5 MW critical load in the Netherlands $130M Includes Building, Electrical, Mechanical, Controls, etc. Doesn t include Land, Computer Equipment, Cabling, Move In costs Critical Facilities Round Table 19

20 Heat Wheel Application Control mechanism Recirculation of heated outside air Increase rotation speed of the wheel Increase of outside air volume Additional cooling with DX cooling capacity Critical Facilities Round Table 20

21 Heat Wheel Application Control Mechanism Computer Room airflow volume controlled automatically by: Delta T across wheel Power dissipated by computer equipment Supply air temperature to computer room is controlled by: Rotation speed of wheel Ambient temperature Airflow volume through wheel on ambient side Critical Facilities Round Table 21

22 Heat Wheel Application Control Mechanism Cold temperatures below 9 C (48 F) Warm ambient exhaust air recircurculated back to input face of the wheel Wheel speed and ambient airflow volume at minimum levels Normal temperatures 10 C (50 F) to 23 C (95 F) Wheel speed increased Ambient airflow increased Critical Facilities Round Table 22

23 Recirculation Louvers Critical Facilities Round Table 23

24 Heat Wheel Application Control Mechanism Warm air temperatures above 23 C (76 F) Heat Wheel combined with supplemental DX or Chilled water cooling Supplemental cooling brought on in stages, keeping heat wheel at maximum capacity Hot temperatures above 35 C (95 F) Wheel stops All cooling with supplemental cooling Computer room fans circulate air through evaporator coil Ambient fans dissipate heat from DX condenser coil Critical Facilities Round Table 24

25 Modular DX System Critical Facilities Round Table 25

26 Evaporator Coil Critical Facilities Round Table 26

27 Condenser Coil & Fan Motor Critical Facilities Round Table 27

28 Heat Wheel Application Control Mechanism Safety Net If supplemental cooling fails Computer room can be maintained at ambient temperature + 2 C Just using the Heat Wheel and ambient airflow Temperature of room will not run away Critical Facilities Round Table 28

29 Heat Wheel Application 600 kw Capacity Maximum wheel size available : 6000mm Computer room supply air temperature: 25 C Specific t over ICT equipment : 12 C Inside recirculation per hour : m 3 Maximum wheel rotation : 3 RPM Capacity of cooling : 600 kw Ambient temperature : 15 C Mechanical Load : 48 kw Mechanical PUE : 0.08 Critical Facilities Round Table 29

30 Summary of Heat Wheel Cooling Application Novel application of a proven technology Components readily available for immediate construction Requires new construction or major renovation Minimal complexity, requires little maintenance and skill level of facilities technicians Both energy and environmentally efficient Critical Facilities Round Table 30

31 Summary of Heat Wheel Application Limitations and Concerns with Heat Wheel Cooling System New to data processing industry Reluctance to be the first to implement Requires unique architectural configuration Cooling cell immediately adjacent to computer room Hot Aisle containment Cold air flooding Critical Facilities Round Table 31

32 Energy Efficiency Calculations Mech Eff = Mechanical Energy Critical Load A lower ME value indicates more efficient operation The EER A (Annualized Energy Efficiency Ratio) or Coefficient of Performance (COP) EER A = Annual Energy (Critical Load) Annual Mechanical Energy The annual energy usage of the systems being cooled (Critical Load) divided by the annual mechanical energy usage A higher EER A value indicates more efficient operation Critical Facilities Round Table 32

33 Comparison of Cooling Techniques ME = Mechanical Load / Critical Load Cooling Type Hot & Dry Cold & Dry Marine Hot & Damp Refrigeration Process (Baseline) Baseline with Airside Economizing Baseline with Water Free Cooling Heat Wheel Single Cell Redundant Cooling with Heat Wheel Cells Critical Facilities Round Table 33

34 Cooling Type Comparison of Cooling Techniques Annualized Energy Efficiency Ratio Hot & Dry Cold & Dry Marine Hot & S Damp Refrigeration Process (Baseline) Baseline with Airside Economizing Baseline with Water Free Cooling Heat Wheel Single Cell Heat Wheel Cells Critical Facilities Round Table 34

35 Conventional technical infrastructure Critical Facilities Round Table 35 KyotoCooling - The cooling problem solved

36 KyotoCooling infrastructure Critical Facilities Round Table 36 KyotoCooling - The cooling problem solved

37 Infrastructure you do NOT need anymore Critical Facilities Round Table 37 KyotoCooling - The cooling problem solved

38 Modular Heat Wheel Cooling September 10/5/ , 2009 Critical Facilities Round Table 38

39 Modular Heat Wheel Cooling September 10/5/ , 2009 Critical Facilities Round Table 39

40 Roof Mounted Package Units old PUE 2,95 (400 kw) new PUE 1,15 (1200 kw) Annual energy savings with 400 kw > (measured and calculated by ECN) Critical Facilities Round Table 40

41 KyotoCooling Efficiencies KyotoCooling Efficiencies Supply=25C Delta T=12C KyotoCooling Efficiencies Supply=22C Delta T=12C Location Annual P U E m +25% P U E m 100% K y ot o Mixed 100% D X Location Annual P U E m +25% P U E m 100% K y o t o Mixed 100% D X SanFrancisco % 4.6% 0.0% SanFrancisco % 11.1% 0.2% Sacvramento % 18.2% 1.9% Sacvramento % 23.1% 4.8% San Joxe % 12.1% 0.2% San Joxe % 20.4% 0.9% Seattle % 5.3% 0.0% Seattle % 9.9% 0.2% Critical Facilities Round Table 41

42 KyotoCooling Efficiencies KyotoCooling Efficiencies Location Annua l P U E m +25% P U E m Supply=25C Delta T=20C 100% K y o t o Mixed 100% D X SanFrancisco % 11.4% 0.0% Sacvramento % 27.8% 0.1% San Joxe % 21.3% 0.00% Seattle % 10.1% 0.0% Critical Facilities Round Table 42

43 KyotoCooling Efficiencies Efficiency Improvements over chilled water system with Mech Efficiency of 0.6 Per MW of Critical Load Supply Temperature = 25 C Delta T = 12C Location ChW Energy +25% Mech Efficiency Energy Mech System Improve Overall Improve / kwhr kw kw SanFrancisco % 30% $422,000 Sacvramento % 28% $398,000 San Joxe % 29% $409,000 Seattle % 30% $427,000 Critical Facilities Round Table 43

44 More High Density Cooling Information Robert (Dr. Bob) Sullivan, Ph.D. dr KyotoCooling International, BV Mees Lodder /5/2009 Critical Facilities Round Table 44