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1 SYNCHROPHASOR TECHNOLOGY IN INDIAN GRID SYSTEM AND URTDSM - PROGRAMME - A CASE STUDY Research Article ISSN CODE: (Online) (ICV-EE/Impact Value): 2.31 (GIF) Impact Factor: Copyright@IJF 2016 Journal Code: ARJMD/EE/V-7.0/I-1/C-7/NOV-2016 Website: Received: Accepted: Date of Publication: Page: Name of the Authors: Kiran Kumar Jain 1 Dr. J.Praveen 2 Dr.D.P.Kothari 3 1 FIE,(Ph.D) Prof at ELLENKI College of Engineering &Tech. Hyd1erabad ( INDIA ) 2 PhD Prof&HOD Griet Nizamabad Road Ner Jntuh, Hyderabad (TS) ( INDIA ) 3 Ph.D) Director R&D Gaikwad-Patil Engineeing College, Nagpur (MS). ( INDIA ) Citation of the Article Dr. Jain K.K, Dr. Praveen J. & Dr.Kothari D.P. (2016, November 30). Synchrophasor Technology In Indian Grid System And Urtdsm - Programme - A Case Study. Advance Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Discoveries. Vol. 7.0, C7, PP , ISSN from ABSTRACT Synchrophasor Technology is a power full tool in the Grid system for diagnosis and to know health of system. Synchrophasor is high speed real time synchronized measurement device used for finding ANY ABNORMALITIES IN Grid* This advanced technology has been globally accepted viz USA,CHINA JAPAN, BAZIL AND OTHER EUROPIAN COUNTRIES.IT HAS ALSO BEEN ADOPTED IN INDIAN GRID, only after Indian Grid code act 2010 passed in parliament. POWER GRID The, Nodal agency proposed to go in big way WAMS (Wide Area Measurement System) for the whole country. based on GPS (Global Positioning System ) Under pilot Project 4nos PMUs (Phasor Measurement Units) have been deployed North Grid at 4 locations VIZ (1) KANPUR (2)VINDHYACHAL (3) DADRI (4) MOGA,400 KV SUBSTATIONS and is being monitored at NRLDC (North Region Load Dispatch Center)DELHI.The results are very much encouraging. This paper describes Synchrophasor Technology and its advantages over present SCADA system and how Utilities can integrate Synchrophasor data in existing SCADA/EMS.WAMS technology using PMU units data is found instrumental in early warning system. It reduces the likely hood of power disturbance, false trips and cascade tripping leading towards, RELIABILITY OF GRID. FOUR years back, INDIA faced world worst BLACK OUT on 31st JULY 2012 affecting 60 corers population of grids in 21 States of N,NE East regional for more than 8 hrs.life was paralyzed in day time (13hrs to 21hrs).No effect was observed in west & South States. This technology is worldwide considered AS Effective Solution Towards Avoiding Future Black Outs Thus ITS Importance has been established. Other advantages of synchrophasor system also discussed in this paper. KEY WORDS : Synchrophasor Technology, Wams, Indian Grids URTDSM (Unified Real Time Dynamic System Measurements) A unit of International Journal Foundation Page I 39

2 I. INTRODUCTION 1.1 SYNCROPHASOR TECHNOLOGY THROUGH GPS SYSTEM There are 24 Nos SATELLITES which are in 24 orbits at the distance of km from Earth and 6 orbits Are being viewed all time giving time accuracy of 1 micro seconds. The advent of SATELLITE based time keeping systems advances in computer technology have made possible protective relays sampling synchronization with 1 micro seconds. These relays can now provide synchronized Phasor measurements that eliminate the need to have different devices for protection, control and electrical power system analysis, for system wide application and traditional protection applications. System wise applications have different sampling & signal processing requirement than do traditional protection applications. Connectivity: In PMU data are collected at (4x25) 100 times faster viz 25 datas in 1 second as against 1data in 4 second. 1.2 )PHASOR TECHNOLOGY FOR SYNCHROPHSOR Synchrophasor are precise time synchronized measurement of certain parameters on electrical grid. Now available from grid monitoring device called PMUs. A Phasor is a Complex no That Represents Both Magnitude And Phase Angle of Voltage, Current AND Frequency. It Calculate. EACH Phasor measurement is against Universal time stemped AND is called SYNCHROPHASORS. PMUs operational Speed is nos 25(INDIA) And 30 in (USA ) as frequency is 50 hz in India & 60 hz in USA. Readings per Seconds compareing with 2 to 4 nos /per second. 1.3 ) VALUE AND PROMISES OF SYNCHROPHASOR Presently SCADA System Observes The GRID Conditions 2 to 4 second per reading which is too slow to track Dynamic events on the grid they do not monitor key indicators,such as phase angles,scada datas are not time synchronized nor time aliened also not sharing wide area across the grid thus scada does not give grid operations of real time, wide area visibility into what happing across the Region and inter (SCADA). 1.4 ) TECHNICAL STANDARDS 1 ) IEEE C COMMUNICATION PROTO CALLS FOR PMU 2 ) IEC (3 ) IEC 1588 These Technical Standards have been recognised as a priority for Modernization are renewed time to time by the expert committee. New standard have been suggested for smart grid in OCT What is expected from Synchrophsor Technology -Is used to support real time and off line activities to enhance grid Reliability Operation of bulk power system for 800 KV HVDC and 1200 KV HVAC system. II. REAL TIME OPERATION APPLICATIONS 2.1 RESOURSES INTEGATIONS WIND AND 2.2 SOLARSTATE ESTIMATION 2.3 WIDE AREA SIYUATIOONL AWARENES 2 4 VOLTAGES & CURRENT MONITORING AND TRACKING 2.5 FREQUENCY STABILITY MONITORING AND TRACKING 2.6 POWER OCILLATION MONITORING 2.7 ALARMING AND SETTINGS IN SYSTEM OPERATIONAL LIMITS 2.8 DYNAMIC LINE RATING & CONGESTION MANAGEMENT 2.9 OUTAGE RESTORATION 2.10 OPERATIONAL PLANNING III. PLANNINGS AND OFF LINE APPLICATIONS 3.1.BASE LINEING POWER SYSTEM PERFORMANCE 3.2 EVENT ANALYSIS 3.3 STATIC SYSTEM MODEL CALIBERATION AND VALIDATION 3.4 DYNAMIC SYSTEM MODEL CALIBERATION AND VALIDATION 3.5 SPEED PROTECTION SCHEME& ISLANDING 3.6 PRIMARI FREQUENCY RESPONSE 3.7 WADE AREA CONTROL Syncrophasor Technology, today stands on the edge of realizing full value for improving reliable grid operations. IV. CHALLENGES SYNCHROPHASOR TECHNOLOGY It has many advantages, however implementing it on a large scale also poses many challenges. In India, the project was first started on a pilot basis to obtain initial experience of the technology and now it is being scaled up in the upcoming scheme known Unified Real Time Dynamic State Measurement Scheme (URTDSM Scheme). During the execution of pilot projects many challenges were faced, which include: Selecting locations for PMU placements Type of architecture required Setting up of standards and compliances ensuring interoperability of PMUs Availability and setting up of communication infrastructure Developing tools for in-depth post facto analysis event Detection Developing lucid visualizations for system operators Integration of Synchrophasor technology with SCADA Cyber Security Management & Compliance Way-forward Initial experience with Synchrophasor pilot project has been extremely beneficial and the analysis A unit of International Journal Foundation Page I 40

3 carried out using Synchrophasor data is highly rewarding. It will be more beneficial to install PMUs throughout the country on all EHV and UHV substations. Currently, the PMUs are installed on the pilot/ demo basis. The pilot/demo projects have been extremely beneficial in obtaining the knowledge of difficulties involved in installation and communication of PMUs. With this platform, India is now fairly ready for large scale deployment of PMUs across the country. Under URTDSM scheme being implemented by POWERGRID, it is envisaged to deploy around 1700 PMUs throughout All India Grid with aim of enhanced visibility to the operator. Along-with advanced applications are also under development and efforts are going on at a fast pace to attain maximum benefits using synchrophasor. V. INDIAN ELECTRICITY GRID CODE 2010 As per Indian Electricity Grid code 2010-clause no The Reliable and efficient speech and Data Communication System shall be provided to facilitate necessary communication and data exchange, and supervision/control of the grid by the RLDC, under normal and abnormal conditions. All users, STUs and CTU shall provide systems to telemeter power system parameter such as flow, voltage and status of switches/transformer taps etc. in line with interface requirements and other guideline made available by The associated communication system to facilitate data flow up to appropriate data collection point on CTUs system, shall also be established by the concern user or STU as specified by CTU in the Connection Agreement. All users/ STUs in coordination with CTU shall provide the required facilities at their respective ends as specified in the Connection Agreement Synchrophasor definition measurement and applications have been coded in IEEE 1344 and IEEE- C standards in power systems the time accuracy of measurement reached up to 1 micro second, that is why the inside view of power system can be seen Dynamically and necessary preventive steps can be taken by system operators to avoid cascade tripping and black outs. National,Regional,and State level load dispatch centres: The country is Geographically divided in five regions namely N,E,W, North-East and South Region from power system point of view 1st four out of five regional grid operating in synchronous mode with south region which was Inter connected with through asynchronous links now one nation one frequency is operating from Each of Five regions are carrying out grid management with support of system at regional load dispatch centres Realization of Nation s dream in formation of an Integrated National Grid with optimal and economic dispatch of power between Regions/states is the driving force behind contemplating the load dispatch and communication. on project for the country The capability, faster system restoration, post disturbance data Analysis. Government of India has entrusted Power Grid with the responsibility of implementing the load dispatch& Communication Project In association with the constituents The National Grid aims to integrate the Power Transmission Network across the country and consists of following grids. National, Regional, State and Area Load Dispatch centers synchronized with south. [1]. All 5 grids separately working before October 1991 [2]. In October 1991 East and North- East synchronized [3]. I grid with other four grids. This has made one nation march 2003 West synchronized with North- East we call Central grid. [4]. In August 2006 north synchronized with central grid. [5]. On it has been SYNCHRONIZED NATIONAL WISE. VI. Existing SCADA/EMS has the capability to provide only steady state view of the power system with high data flow latency. Synchrophasor measurements using PMU over wide-area facilitate dynamic real time measurements and visualization of power system which are useful in monitoring safety and security of the grid as well enable in taking control/corrective actions in the new regime of grid management. Recognising the need of WAMS application in Indian Power System, it is proposed to follow the same philosophy i.e. installation of PMUs on substations at 400kV level and above in the State & Central grids, all generating stations at 220kV level and above HVDC terminals, important interregional connection points, inter-national connection points etc., provision of PDC at all SLDCs, RLDCs and NLDC along with visualization aids as a first phase. This shall facilitate an Unified Real-time Dynamic State Measurements (URTDSM) towards improved system operation. In the subsequent phases, development of software based analytic functions to be undertaken. PROPOSED URTDSM IN INDIAN POWER SYSTEM List of PMU and PDCs to be installed at various substations in Central & State utilities as part of URTDSM is tabulated as under: REGION ISTS STU ISTS STU ISTS STU MPDC SPDC NLDC NR WR ER SR NER TOTAL A unit of International Journal Foundation Page I 41

4 VII. COMPONENTS OF WAM TECHNOLOGY 1.1 PMU s 1.2 Phasor Data concentrator (PDC). 1.3 Substation Phasor Data concentrator (SPDC) 1.4 Master Phasor Data concentrator (MPDC) 1.4 System architecture for WAMS in India. 1.1 PMU measurements are providing real time measurement of electrical quantity MW, MVAR, Voltage, Current, Phase angle of voltage, Power factor etc., its application includes validation, modeling, stability, magnitude and maximum power transfer. It is receiving 1. Faults recording 2. Dynamic system monitoring and continuous. installation 3. Sequence event recording 4. Power quality 5. Fault location The advent of SATELLITE based time keeping systems advances in computer technology have made possible protective relays sampling synchronization with 1 micro seconds. These relays can now provide synchronized Phasor measurements that eliminate the need to have different devices for protection, control and ectrical power system analysis for system wide application and traditional protection applications. System wise applications have different sampling & signal processing requirement than do traditional protection applications. POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS NLDC: NORTHERN LOAD DISPATCH CENTER Substation Instate estimate at NLDC (terminals) Offline mode(terminals) 765 KV KV KV TRANSMISSION LINES 765 KV KV KV Transformers Load Generator Table no:1 A comparison of truncated state estimator network and All India Network, used offline studies is given above. PMU s are installed at Dadri, Kanpur, Vindhyachal & Moga. Data s are compared with estimated angles in order to improve the results. Comparison of PMU estimate Angles Places of deployment of PMU PMU estimated angle Actual Angles Dadri - Moga Kanpur - Dadri Kanpur - Moga Vindhyachal - Dadri Vindhyachal - Kanpur 2Vindhyachal - Moga Four more additional places have been selected for PMU deployment. (1).400 KV substation Kishnapur (2) 400 KV substation Hissar (3) 400 KV substation Bassi (4) 400 KV substation Agra FIG--2 Advantages Of adopting Synchrophasor Technology (1) WIDE AREA MEASURE-WHOLE COUNTRY Power flow parameters can be visualize and monitored and control at National Load Dispatch Center Delhi by end of 2012,Thirty seven thousand (37,000 MW) flow would be controlled by NLDC and 1,00,000 MW by end year (2) POWER QUALITY MONITORING (a) Unbalance (b) Harmonics (c) Sag & swell (d) Monitoring Interruptions (3)SYSTEM PROTECTION SCHEMES (4) Network Model Validation and Parameter Finalization for better GRID Management System (2) POWER QUALITY MONITORING (a) Unbalance (b) Harmonics (c) Sag & swell (d) Monitoring Interruptions (3) SYSTEM PROTECTION SCHEMES (4) Network Model Validation and Parameter Finalization for better GRID Management System A unit of International Journal Foundation Page I 42

5 DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL GRID AUTHOR NO. 1 KIRAN KUMAR JAIN FIE,(Ph.D) Born on 15th march 1945 passed be (Electrical) 1966 worked in MPSEB from 1967 to 2003 passed M.Tech-2008 reworking as Associate Prof EEE 2008 till date.busy in completing PhD regd at JNTU Hyderabad July 2009 vide hall ticket no 0903PH0738,JNTUH. AUTHOR NO. 2 Dr D.P.KOTHARI One India one grid called national grid from CONCLUSION This technology provides wide area time synchronized and time stamped measurements commonly known s as synchrophasor measurements. Present existing SCADA/EMS measurements has capability to provides only steady state view of grid / system, where as synchrophasor technology provides wide area dynamic real time visualization, monitoring safety, security of the grid in effective manner with advancement in communication in IT technology and ever increasing need of complex grid solutions visibility of power system of synchrophsor initiatives are been taken in Indian grid to face the future challenges. Grid is marching one step ahead towards smart grid. REFERENCES [i] Modern Power System Analysis Fourth Edition] by D P Kothari &I J Nagrath. [ii] Arun Phadke, Synchronized Phasors article IEEE Computer Applications in Power,April [iii] V.K.Agarwal and P.K.Agarwal,[Power Grid,India Limited] commissioning of PMU s Pilot project in north region of India, Nation Power System Conference 2010,India. [iv] IEEE Standard C ,IEEE Standard for Power Systems. [v] [vi] Dr. D. P. Kothari is presently Director Research of Gaikwad-Patil Group of institutions, Nagpur. He obtained his BE (Electrical) in 1967, ME(Power Systems) in 1969 and Ph.D. in 1975 from BITS, Pillani, Rajasthan. From 1969 to1977, he was involved in teaching and development of several courses at BITS Pillani. Earlier Dr. Kothari served as Vice Chancellor, VIT, Vellore, Director incharge and Deputy Director (Administration) as well as Head in the Centre of Energy Studies at Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi and as Principal, VRCE, Nagpur. He was visiting professor at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Australia, during and 1989, for two years. He was also NSF Fellow at Perdue University, USA in He also taught at Melbourne University Australia for one semester in Dr. Kothari, who is a recipient of the most Active Researcher Award, has published and presented 780 research papers in various national as well as international journals, conferences, guided 45 Ph.D scholars and 65 M. Tech students, and authored 49 books in various allied areas. He has delivered several keynote addresses and invited lectures at both national and international conferences. He has also delivered 42 video lectures on YouTube with maximum of 40,000 hits! Dr. Kothari is a Fellow of the National Academy of Engineering (FNAE), Fellow of Indian National Academy of Science (FNASc), Fellow of Institution of Engineers (FIE), Fellow IEEE and Hon. Fellow ISTE. His many awards include the National Khosla Award for Lifetime Achievements in Engineering (2005) from IIT, Roorkee. The University Grants Commission (UGC), Government of India has bestowed the UGC National Swami Pranavandana Saraswati Award (2005) in the field of education for his outstanding scholarly contributions. He is also the recipient of the Lifetime Achievement Award (2009) conferred by the World Management Congress, New Delhi, for his contribution to the areas of educational planning and administration. Recently he received Excellent Academic Award at IIT Guwahati by NPSC A unit of International Journal Foundation Page I 43

6 In last two months he has received 6 Life Time Achievement awards by various agencies on 19th February, 4th March, 11th March, 18th March, 20TH March and 25th March 2016, respectively. On 20th April 2016 he received Living Legend Award in Chennai Conference. to: dpkk0710@yahoo.com,dpkvits@gmail.com Wiki-link:- AUTHOR NO.3 Dr.J.PRAVEEN Ph.D PROF&HOD (EEE) Dr. J Praveen has done his PhD from Osmania University in power electronics, Hyderabad. The research work carried out at BHEL Research and Development Center with support of University Grants Commission (UGC) with junior research fellowship (JRF). He has done Master of Technology in Energy Systems at Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad and Bachelor of Engineering in electrical and electronics engineering at Osmania University College of Engineering, Hyderabad. He is now working as professor at electrical and electronics engineering department at Gokaraju Rangaraju Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad. Recently he was awarded Young Scientist Award from DST, India. ***** A unit of International Journal Foundation Page I 44