Challenges in Realtime Solutions for Power System Reliability. Jim Gotesky Senior System Dispatcher, Pacific Gas & Electric March 26, 2014

Transcription

1 Challenges in Realtime Solutions for Power System Reliability Jim Gotesky Senior System Dispatcher, Pacific Gas & Electric March 26, 2014

2 ... out with the Old We all know the BIG PICTURE motivations for improving GRID control methods: First Energy 2003 East Coast Blackout Southern California 2011 Blackout Major storm damage (Hurricane Sandy) Changing generation mix with growth of renewable energy sources Focus of Governmental Regulatory efforts: WECC and Peak RC

3 ... out with the Old Synchrophasors show great potential for WAMS solutions. Synchrophasor technology works Realtime picture of grid behavior formerly only visible in post event analysis Realtime monitoring of Oscillatory and Voltage Stability Model verification and Planning New Control Systems utilizing Synchrophasor data

4 ... out with the Old Large connected grid analysis and control will be performed with the aid of Synchrophasor systems. As the Rolling Stones would say, The Change has Come Embrace the Change

5 ... synchrophasor momentum Building PMU s in North America February 2014: 1700 Production Grade PMU NASPI grew to 850 members from 175 in 2006 Approx. 200 PMUs. Most R&D grade deployments. Over 1200 PMU deployed by Production grade & redundant networks. Source: NASPI Website (

6 ... who is driving Development? Going back one year: March 2013 How quickly and effectively can NASPI reported a total of 1126 Production Grade PMU s installed. utility management integrate 924 of these (82%) were installed part of the DOE s complex American Recovery synchrophasor and Reinvestment Act of 2009 systems The Federal Government is driving the development of into realtime operations? Synchrophasor technology. Poses big challenges to Utility leaderships. Realtime integration is the challenge today not WAMS synchrophasor concepts and methods US Department of Energy: Synchrophasor Technologies and the Deployment the Recovery Act Smart Grid Programs August 2013

7 ... in with the New Focus on Mapping the Road Forward Synchrophasor systems are not add ons. The curse of technology creep Integration of PMU data into grid control changes the way realtime operating departments work. Mastering new hardware Complex communications infrastructure Substantial EMS system modifications, redesign, and upgrades Effective realtime visualization Upgraded training and DTS facilities Maintenance personnel (field and EMS) Operations Engineering IT personnel Systems Dispatchers and System Operators. Continued investment in the engineering and planning research

8 the road from concept to Realtime What we Visualize What we get without Effective Planning

9 ... proof of Concept PG&E stepping onto the road to the Future Step 1: Proof of Concept Testing Center Step 2: Operations Engineering development of new applications Step 3: EMS Redesign Working Group

10 ... proof of Concept

11 ... proof of Concept POC is a synchrophasor laboratory designed to test and validate new systems before field deployment: Address INTEROPERABILITY challenges Troubleshooting platform throughout the project Analyse life cycle support issues and requirements Develop setting templates - Fine tune synchrophasor system applications/functions Validate situational awareness Provide training for various disciplines Drive solutions both internal and the global standards (e.g: IEEE and IEC) Develop field commissioning and testing procedures

12 kV test System

13 ... proof of Concept 22 multi-function devices (11 relays each with 2 PMU modules) 2 Aggregate PDCs (including significant local storage and visualizations functions), 2 Super PDCs (and associated EMS systems), various control center applications including wide-area visualization, data storage, oscillation detection, Connection Tester with IEC support A PMU Emulator (generates over 40 PMU at 120 phasors/s, each stream 12 values) A Digital Fault Recorder (DFR) PMU and dynamic monitoring to address NERC PRC-002 recording Real Time Digital Simulation (RTDS) system 48 virtual PMUs COMTRADE file playback system (capable of running large files) GPS Clocks with IRIG-B and IEEE-1588 time distribution protocols Additional test equipment capable of generating time-synched analog and digital signals

14 ... collaboration is Key PG&E Quanta Technologies GE ABB SEL Alstom Mississippi State University Ametek Ruggedcom TEAMWORK Arbiter Systems

15 ... into Realtime PACIRAS System Backbone Utilize the PACIRAS quad redundant communications structure The Norm drives the exceptions Critical locations on the 500kv System Data valued at level of RAS system Clearly understood structure by engineers, technicians and System Dispatchers Additional locations on the 230kV and 115kV systems Economy Basic infrastructure already exists New TCP/IP pipe lines to handle P120 and M60 data

16 Captures the power wheeling features of PG&E s ties to other utilities WAMS and Oscillatory Stability North and South... PACIRAS Structure Pacificorp West (PACW) BONNEVILE POWER ADMINISTRATIVE (BPA) COTP Fulton 60 IIgnacio 115 Captain Jack Cottonwood230 Vaca Dixon 500/115 Martin 115 Pittsburg 115 Malin AC INTERTIE Newark 115 San Mateo 115 Metcalf 500 Moss Landing 500/115 Salinas 60 Path 15 Also includes kv lines terminated at Gates Diablo 500 OREGON Round Mt. 500 Table Mt. 500/230 CALIFORNIA Bellota 230 Tesla 500 Monta Vista 115 Los Banos 500/230 Gregg 230 Gates Sierra Pacific (SPP) Lake Tahoe Midway 500 NEVADA - OREGON BORDER (NOB) 1000kV DC PACI RAS Direct Load Trip Substation PMU LOCATIONS Sylmar 1000kV Pacific DC Intertie SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA Edison (SCE) Vincent

17 ... PACIRAS Structure San Francisco EMS Controllers A B GW IED IED Telecom Links Channel Banks Vacaville EMS Controllers C D GW IED IED Telecom Links IED IED IED IED IED IED IED IED Add a PCB to convert to a PMU IED IED IED IED System A/C Substation 1 System B/D System A/C Substation 2 System B/D Route 1 Route 2 Route 1 Route 2

18 ... PMU Comm Structure San Francisco EMS IEC Vacaville EMS Super PDC Super PDC TCP/IP PDC APDC PDC APDC PMU PMU PMU PMU System A/C System B/D Substation 1 System A/C System B/D Route 1 Route 2 Route 1 Route 2 Substation 2

19 ... Proof of Concept Networking Configuration fully tested at the POC NERC CIP Requirements: Mississippi State University carried out every version of cyber attack they could imagine against the POC configuration.

20 ... proof of Concept Working Hard on Visualization and Analytical Software Alstom s e-terravision Geospatial view capable of receiving and displaying realtime synchrophasor data. Alstom PhasorPoint Analyze the M60 data Provide realtime operations with phase angle, frequency, voltage, and oscillatory stability information. Model based analytical software VSAT (Voltage Stability) TSAT (Transient Stability) SSAT (Small Signal Stability) RVII: Realtime Voltage Instability Indicator Voltage stability curve on defined path

21 ... e-terravision geospatial WAMS 21 High Voltage Topographic background Early Warning System Low Voltage

22 ... e-terravision geospatial WAMS 22 Restoration: Black Start Cranking Paths

23 ... e-terravision geospatial WAMS 23 What If Scenarios: Need to run realtime studies Scheduled Work Outage and N-1 conditions WECC SOL Method Integration with e-terrabrowser RTNET displays Loop line with Mouse to remove from service

24 ... e-terravision SSA Context Panel

25 ... Volt/Angle data from PMU s

26 ... Node Pairs and Trending

27 ... the training Challenge Training at POC Introductory System Dispatcher training at POC on e- terravision and PhasorPoint delivered by Alstom Introduction to Synchrophasors and new Software What was good What was confusing POC Training Sessions included Trainers POC Training for IT personnel on new Ruggedcom Routers POC Training for GPS clocking hardware Second training session on PhasorPoint for trainers last fall at the San Francisco Hot Backup Control Center last fall Full day hands on e-terravision and PhasorPoint training for System Dispatchers (NERC Certified Personnel)S

28 new concepts Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) SCADA Resolution Next generation measurement technology. (voltages, currents, frequency, frequency rate-of-change, etc) Higher resolution scans (e.g. 60hz and 120hz sampling at PGE). Improved visibility into dynamic grid conditions. Early warning detection alerts. Precise GPS time stamping. Wide-area Situational Awareness. Faster Post-Event Analysis. PMU Resolution

29 ... what does this Mean? Data Update Points Oscillations in Power Systems by Dmitry Kosterev, John Undrill

30 ... beyond the POC Learning as you go Embracing what does not work Limits of existing systems and business processes

31 ... getting away from the Big Board Panel Assembly Borders Situation Awareness limitations

32 ... Getting Away from the Big Board

33 ... working from the Desktop e-terravision PhasorPoint e-terrabrowser

34 ... beyond the POC Learning as you go Need a QA environment to develop realtime HMI Separate team of developers Additional hardware EMS Redesign Working Group Cross discipline Broad goals Active involvement of Utility Management Organizational and institutional obstacles Funding Re-crafting support departments for new systems

35 ... long road Ahead Education / Involvement of realtime operations Understanding the technology Detailed advanced planning for roll out to realtime Departmental restructuring Management of change

36 36 The Synchrophasor Challenge to Realtime Operations Thank you, Jim Gotesky Senior System Dispatcher, Pacific Gas & Electric March 26, 2014