Mobile & embedded system: ELEC424, Fall 2010

Transcription

1 Mobile & embedded system: Introduction ti Lin Zhong ELEC424, Fall 2010

2 System vs. processor/ic vs. chip System Ready to interface with the physical world, including human users Usually has non-computing components Battery, display, microphone, motor, etc. System > Chip >=processor/ic Non silicon components hard to integrate into chip: Board vs. Chip System on a chip (SoC) Processor + silicon components of a system 2

3 Embedded systems Physical Component of a larger system Functional More or less fixed set of applications Programming g Foreign application development Code compile on a different computer Not necessarily small, inexpensive or standalone What are not embedded systems? Super computers, servers Personal computers A rough definition of embedded systems A computing system that is not called super computer, server, or personal computer 3

4 Mobile systems Great computing capacity Established social acceptance Individual ownership Unbeatable portability Display Wireless Battery HCI 4

5 Computing capacity Samsung S5L MHz Intel Pentium MMX 233MHz 128MB RAM/8-16GB Flash 64MB RAM/4GB Disk WiFi, Bluetooth 2.0, 3G Ethernet 4.7 oz 14 pounds Apple iphone (2008) IBM Thinkpad 770 (1998) 5

6 Established social acceptance 7000 Number in millio ons World population Mobile cellular subscribers Personal computers Internet users Source: ITU/Business Today % population have a cell phone (2009) 3.3 billions (ITU 2008) 800 millions accessed Internet through phones 80% population live under cellular network coverage (2006) 90% phone lines in Africa are mobile phones 6

7 But Limited I/O capacity Between the device & its physical context Especially its user! No Moore s Law for human capacity Limited battery capacity No Moore s Law for battery capacity Limited heat dissipation capacity No Moore s Law for thermodynamics Limited human attention 7

8 Computing vs. human performance Times of improve ement Olympic Gold Metal winner: 100m dash (men) Olympic God Metal winner: 100m dash (women) # of transistors for Intel processor Year Sources: intel.com and factmonster.comcom 8

9 Computing vs. humanity USA $ USA Federal minimum wage in 2003 dollar Average transistor price for Intel processors in contemporary dollar Source: Intel.com and dol.gov 9

10 Text entry speed Sp peed (word ds per minu ute) Speaking Raw speed Corrected speed mini hardware keyboard Raw speeds do not improve Software keyboard with stylus 7 Handwriting 10

11 If you could use only one computer Samsung S5L MHz Intel Pentium MMX 233MHz 128MB RAM/8-16GB Flash 64MB RAM/4GB Disk WiFi, Bluetooth 2.0, 3G Ethernet 4.7 oz 14 pounds Apple iphone (2008) IBM Thinkpad 770 (1998) 11

12 Limited battery capacity Mobile devices are weight-sensitive Battery density increases about 10% annually 1950 Nickel Cadmium (NiCd) 1990 Nickel-metal Hydride (NiMH) 1991 Lithium Ion (Li-ion) 1999 Li-ion Polymer Most devices have battery capacity within 1500mAh, typically slightly more than 1000mAh Nokia 9500 communicator: 1300mAh Li-ion ion Polymer, 172 grams Dell Latitude D610: 4700mAh Li-ion, 2300 grams 12

13 Limited heat transfer capacity No active thermal management Better packaging material Energy storage with phase-change materials Thermal management of a thin laptop Source: Intel Technology Journal Water cooling of a high-end PC Source: water-cooling.com 13

14 A hot case: 3-Watt Nokia 3120 Every one Watt increases surface temperature by about 13 deg C Phone case temperature will be 40 deg C higher. 14

15 Design challenges Limited I/O capacity No Moore s Law for human capacity Limited battery capacity No Moore s Law for battery capacity Limited heat dissipation capacity No Moore s Law for thermodynamics Limited human attention 15

16 Design challenges (Contd.) It is NOT about computing Processo or speed in MHz Gateway highend desktop Gateway laptop Nokia 9xxx communicator Nokia 9xxx weight (g) Nokia 9xxx volume (cc) Source: Dr. Cutler and Nokia.com Weight (g g)/volumne(c cc) Year of introduction

17 Design challenges (Contd.) It is about Integrating heterogeneous components Making computing (energy) efficient Low-power design Thermal management Making computing useful Make users more productive Make users healthier Make them happier Get more users 17

18 ELEC424 in ECE curriculum User interface Application software (including domain-specific solutions, compilers, software engineering) Operating system (including network, file system, device drivers) System int tegration Processor Digital IC RF circuit Display Battery etc 18

19 Major components System Board, system on chip, Embedded computing ARM, TI MSP430 Low-power design Real-time concepts Control Non-computing elements Sensors, batteries, displays etc. Human factors System development Windows Mobile, Linux, iphone Applications Health, automobile, telecommunication, entertainment etc. 19

20 From Tilt 1 to Tilt 2 Tilt 1 was a sensor node Tilt 2 will be the control system for a Quadrotor 20

21 New this year (Contd.) Lectures & homework Project building a complete embedded system 21

22 Build a complete embedded system System and function design Printed circuit board design & fabrication Board assembly Operating system installation Program 22

23 Administrative info. Homework 10% Participation 10% Presentation 20% In class quiz 10% Mid term 20% Final 30% 23

24 Blink check point p// / JyYXPwe-E 24

25 Tilt check point p// / ANI1LelE 25

26 Balance check point p// / mjuie8g8u 26

27 Lift and balance / C6AasfJo 27