The Web of Things Bridging the IoT Silos

Transcription

1 The Web of Things Bridging the IoT Sios Interoperabiity across IoT patforms Dave Raggett W3C 26 May2016

2 The Internet of Things Bridging the Sios Sti very immature, but with massive potentia Lack of interoperabiity at the appication eve Many patforms and associated standards Addressing broad range of different requirements End to end security chaenging across patforms Fragmentation and Sios are hoding back the potentia Open or cosed system? Cosed systems incentive: contro Open systems prompt: reduced costs and increased market size Need for wide adoption of shared open standards 2/30

3 IoT Landscape 3/30

4 The IoT Standardisation Chaenge 4 4/30

5 What we want to avoid 5 5/30

6 Web of Things Inter-Patform standards for interoperabiity The Web wi enabe a transition from costy monoithic software to open markets of apps 6/30

7 Anaogy with eary days of networking Before the Internet, there were many noninteroperabe network technoogies IP made it simpe to interconnect networks and create interoperabe services independent of the network technoogies The Internet grew exponentiay as the opportunities were reaised Likewise for the Web which took over from isoated information services Direct anaogy with today s IoT sios and their ack of interoperabiity The Web of Things is the equivaent of IP for semantic interoperabiity and end to end security The Web of Things wi enabe exposive growth as the barriers to interoperabiity are torn down 7/30

8 Sensor Data Streams A time sequence of tupes where the time interva is non-negative (wikipedia) Many appication areas Wind direction and speed Heathcare, e.g. eectrocardiogram Racing car engine data Rocketry Oi and gas industry Smart cities.... Metadata describing what is being measured and how it is buffered and encoded for transmission Teemetry for remote sensors 8/30

9 Sensor Data Streams and the Coud Device Gateway Coud IoT devices with oca connectivity Gateways that stream sensor data to the coud Powerfu scaabe coud based patforms Opportunities for services across many appication domains Big data, stream anaytics and advanced AI Machine earning and personaised services Need for open standards to create open markets of services that span coud patforms operated by different vendors Googe s Coud Patform for the IoT 9/30

10 Home Hubs as Patforms for Smart Home Apps Web standards can create opportunities for vendor neutra patforms for a market for apps you can insta on your home hub Your smart phone provides the human machine interface for these apps Improved sense of privacy compared with having your persona data being sent to the coud Apps based upon your socia connections Peer to peer with your friend s home hubs Samsung s Smart Things 10/30

11 The Web of Things in the Home Browser for HMI Ambient or battery operated IoT devices Gateway Coud based Services Powered, muti-protoco Firewa 11/30

12 Smart Manufacturing Greater fexibiity to address the trend to highy personaised products Reacting faster to changing market conditions Vertica integration from the production ces to the board room Horizonta integration across the suppy chain and the vaue chain within a business Robots manufacturing Tesa s eectric cars 12/30

13 Web of Things Appications act on software objects that stand for physica or abstract things Loca things Remote things Rich descriptions for every thing Data modes, semantics, metadata Ontoogies that describe things Things don t need to be connected Abstract entities and unconnected physica objects 13/30

14 Distributed Web of Things where every thing has a URI Thing descriptions can be used to create proxies for a thing, aowing scripts to interact with a oca proxy for a remote entity Scripts can run on servers or as part of Web pages in Web browser for human machine interface Thing topoogies Peer to Peer, Peer to Peer via Coud, Star, Device to Coud, Star to Coud 14/30

15 Communications Stack Cean separation of concerns Appication Deveoper (WoT focus) Patform Deveoper (IoT focus) Appication Things Transfer Transport Network Scripts that define thing behaviour in terms of their properties, actions and events, using APIs for contro of sensor and actuator hardware Software objects that hod their state Abstract thing to thing messages Semantics and Metadata, Data modes and Data Bindings of abstract messages to mechanisms provided by each protoco, incuding choice of communication pattern, e.g. pu, push, pub-sub, peer to peer, etc. REST based protocos, e.g. HTTP, CoAP Pub-Sub protocos, e.g. MQTT, XMPP, AMQP Others, incuding non IP transports, e.g. Buetooth Underying communication technoogy with support for exchange of simpe messages (packets) Many technoogies designed for different requirements 15/30

16 Scaabiity 16/30

17 Web of Things for the Maker Community Open source projects are underway, e.g. for the Arduino and more powerfu MCUs Arduino Ethernet Shied 16 KB RAM MicroSD card sot Controed through SPI bus Poing or H/W interrupt Cost: 4.75 GBP on ebay Arduino Uno with ATmega328P MCU 2 KB RAM 1 KB EEPROM 32 KB FLASH Lots of I/O pins Cost: 2.33 GBP on ebay 17/30

18 What kinds of metadata do we need for this? Thing ifecyces, data and interaction modes As exposed to the appications How to interoperate with another patform? Mapping from thing descriptions to patform specific protocos IP address and port for IP based protocos Paths for REST based protocos such as CoAP & HTTP What communication patterns to use? Push, pu, pub-sub, peer to peer Rea-time requirements Transactiona robustness & robacks Mutipexing and buffering Seepy ambient & battery powered devices Semantic modes of things and their constraints 18/30

19 Data & Interaction Modes 19 Must be rich enough to cover broad range of use cases and patforms Properties, actions and events carry vaues Actions are asynchronous and can be passed a vaue, and may return a sequence of vaues Vaues as basic types Nu, true, fase, numbers, strings Compound vaues Arrays Sets of name/vaue pairs Things (a web of reated things) Streams (e.g. wind speed and direction) Integrity constraints On singe vaues, e.g. min/max, integer/foat Across mutipe vaues Cardinaity constraints Need for path expressions Compications Proxy chains Eary and ate binding Partiay defined types Cycic dependencies across things Software dependencies Metadata constraints (versioning) 19/30

20 Semantics Needed to ensure that patforms share the same meaning for the data they exchange Simpe approach is to define semantics as part of the system specifications Better approach is to tag data as beonging to an ontoogy that describes the reationships between concepts in a machine interpretabe way What kind of a thing is it? e.g. a temperature sensor What are the domain constraints? temperature sensors must describe their physica units, which must be from the set {Kevin, Cesius, Fahrenheit} Other ontoogies coud describe the ocation of the sensor and what it is measuring 20/30

21 Semantics Ontoogies aow information to be exchanged meaningfuy in a way that is independent of the data formats used for its transmission Ontoogies further aow for checks that the information is consistent with the domain modes This can cover richer constraints, e.g. tempora constraints across actions and properties W3C has a suite of standards for the Semantic Web and Linked Data RDF, XML, SPARQL, RDF-S, OWL, RIF, JSON-LD, RDF in CSV,... Enabe semantic based search and composition of services Ensure that compositions wi use interoperabe services 21/30

22 22 Web of Things Activity 22/30

23 W3C Web of Things Interest Group Workshop in Berin (June 2014) Launch of Web of Things IG in 2015 Chaired by Jörg Heuer, Siemens Task forces Thing descriptions APIs and protocos Discovery and provisioning Security, privacy and resiience Communications and coaboration Strong emphasis on impementation experience Demos and pug-fests Heps to buid a shared understanding Montrea Face to Face, Apri /30

24 Members of the Web of Things Interest Group 24/30

25 Joint White Paper on Semantic Interoperabiity Contributors are individuas from a range of industry aiances and standards deveopment organisations Editors from W3C, onem2m, IEEE P2413 Inspiration from many of the papers on semantic interoperabiity Iustrate the concept in terms of some use cases, aong with the requirements, and views on how to enabe semantic interoperabiity within and across IoT patforms Discuss best practices for ontoogy design and distinguish cross domain (horizonta) metadata and domain specific (vertica) metadata Once we have a stabe version we wi invite wider expert review and update the document accordingy We wi seek broad dissemination of the document and wi pubish under a Creative Commons License We hope that the deveopment process wi hep shape a common perspective across contributors and that the white paper wi infuence the agendas of working groups across the industry 25/30

26 Liaisons and Coaborations Reaching out to industry aiances and SDO s to drive convergence to uneash the potentia Pattform Industrie4.0 Especiay the semantics subgroup Industria Internet Consortium Open Connectivity Foundation OPC Foundation IETF/IRTF onem2m AIOTI AIOTI 26/30

27 Web of Things Working Group The Interest Group (IG) is working on Use cases, requirements, technoogy andscape and pans for aunching working groups (WG) IGs prepare the ground for standards but don t deveop standards WGs are chartered to deveop standards (W3C Recommendations) We re coecting ideas for a Working Group incuding Horizonta metadata vocabuaries (things, security, communications) Seriaisations of metadata, e.g., as JSON-LD APIs and bindings to specific protocos and patforms in coaboration with the patform owners Web of Things Working Group to be aunched in /30

28 The Bottom Line The Web is essentia for reaizing the fu potentia of the IoT The Web provides a unifying framework for semantic interoperabiity The Web acts as a goba marketpace for suppiers and consumers of services 28/30

29 Word Wide Web Consortium Mission: ead the Web to its fu potentia The Web is the word's argest vendor-neutra distributed appication patform Founded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of the Web 400+ Members Member-funded internationa organisation Deveops standards for Web and semantic technoogies HTML, CSS, scripting APIs, XML, SVG, VoiceXML, Semantic Web and Linked Data etc. Deveoper oriented, enabing cooperation between organisations with very different backgrounds W3C patent poicy for royaty free standards W3C staff of engineers activey participating in standardisation Increasingy invoved in verticas: Mobie, TV, Automotive, Digita pubishing 29/30

30 Work with us to buid the Web of Things! Thank you! For more information on W3C see: 30/30