LAB_3: Main Toolbar buttons PART 2

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2 Main Toolbar The main toolbar in its floating form Cloning Objects Make a selection. > Edit menu > Clone Make a selection. > Hold down Shift key. > Move, rotate, or scale the selection with the mouse. Clone creates a copy, instance, or reference of a selected object or set of objects. The Clone command on the Edit menu creates a single copy. You can clone multiple copies by holding down the Shift key as you transform the selection. Procedures To clone an object without transforming it: 1. Select an object, or set of objects. 2. From the Edit menu, choose the Clone command. 3. The Clone Options dialog opens. Note: All options are present except Number of Copies. 4. Change the settings or accept the defaults, and then click OK. Each new, cloned object occupies the same space as the original. Select a clone by name to move or modify it. To clone and transform an object: 1. On the main toolbar, click the Move, Rotate, or Scale button. 2. Select an object, multiple objects, group, or sub-object. 3. Hold down the Shift key and drag the selection. As you drag your selection, the clone is created, selected, and transformed. The original object is deselected and unaffected by the transform. When you release the mouse button, the Clone Options dialog displays. 4. Change the settings or accept the defaults, and then click OK. 1

Interface Object group Copy: Places a copy of the selected object at the specified position. Instance: Places an instance of the selected object at the specified position.

Available only when you Shift+Clone an object. Using Shift+Clone to generate multiple copies applies the transform successively to each additional copy.

3 Interface Object group Copy: Places a copy of the selected object at the specified position. Instance: Places an instance of the selected object at the specified position. Reference: Places a reference of the selected object at the specified position. Number of Copies: Specifies the number of copies of the object you want to create. Available only when you Shift+Clone an object. Using Shift+Clone to generate multiple copies applies the transform successively to each additional copy. If you Shift+Move an object and specify two copies, the second copy is offset from the first copy by the same distance that the first copy is offset from the original. For Rotate, two copies of the rotated object are created, with the second copy rotated twice as far as the first. For Scale, two copies of the scaled object are created, with the second copy scaled from the first copy by the same percentage that the first copy was scaled from the original. Name: Displays the name of the cloned object. You can use this field to change the name; additional copies use the same name followed by a two digit number, starting at 01 and incrementing by one for each copy. So, for instance, if you Shift+Move an object and then specify the name building and two copies, the first copy will be named building and the second will be named building01. 3D Snap Toggle Main toolbar > 3D Snap on the Snaps Toggle Keyboard > S 3D Snap: This is the default. The cursor snaps directly to any geometry in 3D space. 3D snapping lets you create and move geometry in all dimensions, ignoring the construction plane. Rightclick this button to display the Grid and Snap Settings dialog, which lets you change snap categories and set other options. 2

Angle Snap Toggle Main toolbar > Angle Snap Toggle Keyboard > A Angle Snap Toggle determines the incremental rotation for a number of features, including the standard Rotate transform.

4 Angle Snap Toggle Main toolbar > Angle Snap Toggle Keyboard > A Angle Snap Toggle determines the incremental rotation for a number of features, including the standard Rotate transform. As you rotate an object (or group of objects), the object moves around a given axis in the increment you set. Angle Snap Toggle also affects Pan/Orbit camera controls, FOV and Roll camera settings, and Hotspot/Falloff spotlight angles. The angle increment is set on the Options panel of the Grid and Snap Settings dialog. Right-click the Angle Snap Toggle button to display the Options panel of the Grid and Snap Settings dialog. The default is 5 degrees. Percent Snap Toggle Main toolbar > Percent Snap Toggle Keyboard > Ctrl+Shift+P Percent Snap Toggle increments scaling of objects by the specified percentage. The snap percent increment is set in the Grid And Snap Settings dialog. The default is 10 percent. Right-click the Percent Snap Toggle button to display the Grid and Snap Settings dialog. Snap Settings Customize menu > Grid And Snap Settings > Grid And Snap Settings dialog > Snaps tab Main toolbar > Right-click a snap button Keyboard > Hold Shift+right-click > Snaps quadrant Keyboard > S (toggles snaps on and off) Snaps give you control when creating, moving, rotating, and scaling objects, because they let you snap to specific portions of existing geometry during creation and transformation of objects or sub-objects. The controls in this dialog set the snap strength and other characteristics such as the snap target. Note: Snaps are not on by default. Turn snaps on and off with the S key in the middle of a transform. You can use snaps with free positioning this way. 3

5 Setting Snap Options Marker group Provides settings that affect the visual display of the snap points. Display: Toggles the display of the snap guides. When off, the snaps still function, but there's no display. Size: Sets the size, in pixels, of the snap "hit" point. This is the small icon that indicates either the source or target snap point. Color: Click the color swatch to display the Color Selector, where you can set the color of the snap display. General group Snap functionality includes several features that enhance ease of use. When using Snap, if the cursor comes within distance of a potential snap point that's less than the Snap Preview Radius distance but greater than the Snap Radius distance, the snap cursor jumps to that point as a preview of where the snap will occur, but no actual snapping occurs. Angle: Sets the increment at which objects are rotated about a given axis (degrees). Percent: Sets the percentage increment for scale transforms. Snap to Frozen Objects: When on, snapping to frozen objects is enabled. Default=off. Named Selection Sets The Named Selection Sets list allows you to name a selection set and recall the selection for later use. It supports selection sets both at the object level and at sub-object levels. You edit named objectlevel selection sets with the Named Selections Sets dialog and sub-object level sets with the Edit Named Selections dialog. 4

A named selection set is removed from the list if all of its objects have been deleted from the scene, or if all of its objects have been removed from the named set in the Named Selections Sets

6 A named selection set is removed from the list if all of its objects have been deleted from the scene, or if all of its objects have been removed from the named set in the Named Selections Sets dialog. Selection set names are case sensitive at both the object level and at sub-object levels. Procedures To create a named selection set: 1. Select the objects you want to be in a set. 2. Type the name of the set in the Named Selection Set field and press Enter. 3. Whenever you want to access the selection, choose its name from the Named Selection Sets list. To select a named selection set, do one of the following: 1. To select a single item, click it in the list. 2. To select more than one item in the list, select one, and then select others while holding down the Ctrl key. 3. To deselect single items after you've selected multiple items, hold down the Alt key. Mirror Selected Object Main toolbar > Mirror Selected Objects Tools menu > Mirror Clicking Mirror displays the Mirror dialog, which enables you to move one or more objects while mirroring their orientation. The Mirror dialog also allows you to mirror the current selection about the center of the current coordinate system. You can create a clone with the mirror dialog at the same time. If you mirror a hierarchical linkage, you have the option to mirror the IK limits. Mirroring an Object 5

The Mirror dialog uses the current reference coordinate system, as reflected in its name. For example, if Reference Coordinate System is set to Local, the dialog is named Mirror: Local Coordinates.

Procedures To mirror an object: 4. Make any object selection. 5. Click Mirror on the Main toolbar, or choose Tools menu > Mirror. The Mirror dialog opens. 6.

When you click OK, the software creates the choice of mirror that you see previewed. To make a clone using mirror: 1. Make any object selection 2.

7 The Mirror dialog uses the current reference coordinate system, as reflected in its name. For example, if Reference Coordinate System is set to Local, the dialog is named Mirror: Local Coordinates. There is one exception: If Reference Coordinate System is set to View, Mirror uses Screen coordinates. As you adjust the various settings in the Mirror dialog, you see the results in the viewports. Procedures To mirror an object: 4. Make any object selection. 5. Click Mirror on the Main toolbar, or choose Tools menu > Mirror. The Mirror dialog opens. 6. Set the mirror parameters in the dialog and click OK. The active viewport changes to show the effect of each parameter as you set it. When you click OK, the software creates the choice of mirror that you see previewed. To make a clone using mirror: 1. Make any object selection 2. Click Mirror on the Main toolbar, or choose Tools menu > Mirror. The Mirror dialog opens. 3. In the Clone Selection group, choose Copy, Instance, or Reference. 4. Make any additional settings as desired and then click OK. Interface Mirror Axis group The mirror axes choices are X, Y, Z, XY, XZ, and YZ. Choose one to specify the directions of mirroring.these are equivalent to the option buttons on the Axis Constraints toolbar. Offset: Specifies the distance of the mirrored object's pivot point from the original object's pivot point. Clone Selection group Determines the type of copy made by the Mirror function. Default is No Clone. No Clone: Mirrors the selected object without making a copy. Copy: Mirrors a copy of the selected object to the specified position. Instance: Mirrors an instance of the selected object to the specified position. Reference: Mirrors a reference of the selected object to the specified position. 6

Align Main toolbar > Align (on Align flyout) Keyboard > Alt+A Clicking Align, available from the Align flyout, then selecting an object, displays the Align dialog, which lets you align the current

8 Align Main toolbar > Align (on Align flyout) Keyboard > Alt+A Clicking Align, available from the Align flyout, then selecting an object, displays the Align dialog, which lets you align the current selection to a target selection. The name of the target object appears in the title bar of the Align dialog. When performing sub-object alignment, the title bar of the Align dialog reads "Align Sub-Object Selection". Aligning objects along an axis. Left: X position, center. Upper right: Y position, minimum. Lower right: Y position, maximum Procedures To align an object with a point object: 1. Create a point helper object and position it at a target location in your scene. Rotate it as necessary to adjust final orientation. 2. Select a source object. 3. On the Main toolbar, click Align, or choose Tools > Align. The Align cursor appears attached to a pair of cross hairs. 4. Move the cursor over the point object and click. The Align Selection dialog appears. If necessary, move the dialog out of the way so you can see the active viewport. 5. In the Align Position group, turn on X Position. The selected source object shifts to align with the X axis of the point object. 6. Turn on Y Position and Z Position. The source object moves so its center is at the point object. 7. Turn on X Axis, Y Axis, and Z Axis in the Align Orientation group to reorient the object to match the coordinates of the point. 7

To align objects by position and orientation: 1. Select a source object (the object to move into alignment with the target object). 2. On the Main toolbar, click Align, or choose Tools > Align.

9 To align objects by position and orientation: 1. Select a source object (the object to move into alignment with the target object). 2. On the Main toolbar, click Align, or choose Tools > Align. The Align cursor appears. When over an eligible target object, the cursor also shows crosshairs. 3. Position the cursor over the target object and click. The Align Selection dialog appears. By default, all options in the dialog are turned off. 4. In the Current Object and Target Object groups, choose Minimum, Center, Pivot Point, or Maximum. These settings establish the points on each object that become the alignment centers. 5. Begin alignment by turning on any combination of X Position, Y Position, and Z Position. The source object moves in relation to the target object, along the axes of the reference coordinate system. Setting all three moves the objects as close as possible, given the Current Object and Target Object settings. 6. In the Align Orientation group, turn on any combination of X Axis, Y Axis, or Z Axis. The source object realigns accordingly. If the objects already share an orientation, turning on that axis has no effect. Once two axes are aligned in orientation, the third is automatic. Interface Align Position group X/Y/Z Position: Specifies on which axis or axes to perform the alignment. Turning on all three options moves the current object to the target object's location. Current Object/Target Object groups Specify which points on the objects' bounding boxes to use for the alignment. You can choose different points for the current object and the target object. For example, you can align the current object's pivot point with the center of the target object. Minimum: Aligns the point on the object's bounding box with the lowest X, Y, and Z values with the chosen point on the other object. Center: Aligns the center of the object's bounding box with the chosen point on the other object. Pivot Point: Aligns the object's pivot point with the chosen point on the other object. Maximum: Aligns the point on the object's bounding box with the highest X, Y, and Z values with the chosen point on the other object. Align Orientation (Local) group 8

10 These settings let you match the orientation of the local coordinate systems between the two objects on any combination of axes. This option is independent of the position alignment settings. You can leave the Position settings alone and use the Orientation check boxes to rotate the current object to match the orientation of the target object Position alignment uses world coordinates, while orientation alignment uses local coordinates. Match Scale group Use the X Axis, Y Axis, and Z Axis options to match the scale axis values between the two selected objects. This matches only the scale values you'd see in the Transform Type-In. It does not necessarily cause two objects to be the same size. There will be no change in size if neither of the objects has previously been scaled. Quick Render Main toolbar > Quick Render flyout > Quick Render (Production) Keyboard > Shift+Q The Quick Render (Production) button, available from the Quick Render flyout on the main toolbar, lets you render the scene using the current production render settings without displaying the Render Scene dialog. 9

Exercise-1: Cloning Objects Using Tranformations and Use Center Flyout 1. Create a new scene, activate the front view then toggle it to full screen mode. 2.

11 Exercise-1: Cloning Objects Using Tranformations and Use Center Flyout 1. Create a new scene, activate the front view then toggle it to full screen mode. 2. Create a small sphere in the center of the viewport. 3. Click the Move button from the main toolbar; select the sphere, than hold down the Shift key and drag it to the right only (by dragging over the X constrain). As you drag the sphere, the clone is created, when you release the mouse button, the clone option dialog displays, press OK. 4. Select the second sphere, click the Rotate button from the main toolbar, activate the Angle Snap Toggle, then from Use Center Flyout select Use Transform Coordinate Center. 10

12 5. Hold down d Shift key and rotate the sph here 30 deggrees along Z-axis. As you rotate the sphere, the clone is created, when you release thee mouse buutton, the clone c optionn dialog displays, set the numbeer of copies to 11, thenn press OK. 6. The finnal result shhould be likke the figuree below: Reference: Au utodesk 3DS MAX X 2008 User Refe erence Pre epared by: Abdu ulrahman I. Al Raawi 11

USING THE TRIBALL FOR POSITIONING

USING THE TRIBALL FOR POSITIONING Although many important positioning tools are available, none are as versatile as the TriBall tool. This TriBall tool offers complete repositioning of many items: Shapes