FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN ELEKTRIK FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN ELEKTRIK UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA KAMPUS SKUDAI JOHOR SKEE 3732 MICROPROCESSOR LABORATORY

Transcription

1 Fakulti: Nama Matapelajaran: Kod Matapelajaran : SKEE 3732 FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN ELEKTRIK Semakan Tarikh Keluaran Pindaan Terakhir No. Prosedur : 1 : September 2016 : September 2017 : PKUTMFKE(0)10 FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN ELEKTRIK UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA KAMPUS SKUDAI JOHOR SKEE 3732 MICROPROCESSOR LABORATORY Laboratory 1: Using the Atmel Studio Prepared by: ZURAIMI BIN YAHYA Approved by : Head of Department Name: Signature & Stamp: Signature & Stamp: Date: Date: SKEE3732 up Laboratory 1 Sheet (Rev ).docx 1

2 I. PRELIMINARY PREPARATION (15 marks) Important Note: You are required to do following BEFORE the lab session. 1. Install Atmel Studio 6.2. You can download from the file AStudio6_2sp2_1563.exe or get a copy from the Microprocessor Laboratory or from the following link under \Software folder. 2. You should also have the following files that can be obtained from the link: a. Atmega32 Reference manual.pdf ( Lab1\Reference folder) b. 8bit AVR Instruction Set.pdf ( Lab1\Reference folder) c. Instruction Set Summary.pdf ( Lab1\Reference folder) d. AVR Assembler User Guide.pdf ( Lab1\Reference folder) e. Appendix A for SKEE3732 Laboratory 1 Sheet.pdf ( \Lab1 folder) f. Appendix B for SKEE3732 Laboratory 1 Sheet.pdf ( \Lab1 folder) g. Appendix C for SKEE3732 Laboratory 1 Sheet.pdf ( \Lab1 folder) h. Essential C.pdf ( Lab1\Reference folder) i. m32adef.pdf ( Lab1\Reference folder) Section A (5 marks) 3. Print a. a hardcopy of the program in Figure B2(B5), b. instructions sets pp of the Atmega32 Reference manual.pdf, c. all pages of AVR Assembler User Guide.pdf d. and Appendix A for SKEE3732 Laboratory 1 Sheet.pdf. Have it available at all time while doing PreLab and Laboratory session. For the files Atmega32 Reference manual.pdf and AVRInstructionSet4.pdf, you may have it handy on a computer or tablet for quick and convenient reference at any time by using the search feature. 4. Referring section B2, TYPE the program Lab1Pre.asm given in Figure B2(B5) of Appendix B for SKEE3732 Laboratory 1 Sheet on Atmel Studio. Do not CUT and PASTE from the original pdf documents. A zero mark (0) will be awarded for an obvious CUT and PASTE. For CLARITY of reading the program during debugging process, DO NOT COPY the lengthy comments given in the program but write short comment (using your own word) if possible only on the line of the instruction. (2 marks will be deducted if not complied) The comments are given in the original document are reference for you to understand the operation of program which you can refer to from the hardcopy that you have printed (as required in para 3 above). SKEE3732 up Laboratory 1 Sheet (Rev ).docx 2

3 Use Section A.1 through A.9 of file Appendix A for SKEE3732 Laboratory 1 Sheet.pdf as reference for the theory on the instructions in Lab1Pre. Organise the code of the program as guided in section A.13 of Appendix A For Skee3732 Laboratory 1 Sheet.pdf. (2 marks will be deducted if not complied) Steps B1 thru B19 in Section B.2 thru B.12 of Appendix B For Skee3732 Laboratory 1 Sheet.pdf that must be completed in order for you complete this Prelaboratory Preparation. 5. Referring to Section B.1 Step B7 of Appendix B for SKEE3732 Laboratory 1 Sheet select the target of program as Simulator. Section B (5 marks) 6. Referring section C.3, write the program Lab1PreCversion.asm given in Figure C3 of Appendix C for SKEE3732 Laboratory 1 Sheet on Atmel Studio 6. Again Do not CUT and PASTE from the original pdf documents. A zero mark (0) will be awarded for an obvious CUT and PASTE. Again, for clarity of reading the program during debugging process, do not copy the lengthy comments given in the program but write short comment (using your own word) if possible only on the line of the instruction. (2 marks will be deducted if not complied) The comments are given as reference for you understand the operation of program which you can refer to from the hardcopy that you have printed. Use file Section A and Section B of Essential C.pdf as reference for the theory on the statements in Lab1PreCversion.c. Section C.1 and C.2 are addition reference that is specific for programming AVR s architecture using C/C++. Organise the code of the program such that each structure in the codes is properly indented according to the levels. (2 marks will be deducted if not complied). SKEE3732 up Laboratory 1 Sheet (Rev ).docx 3

4 II. LABORATORY SHEET 1 Title: Using the Atmel Studio 6: Programing in Assembly Language and C Language 2 Objective: To use Atmel Studio 6: 1. To write, assemble and debug an assembly language program given in Figure B.2(A5) of Appendix B for SKEE3732 Laboratory 1 Sheet. Describe (with evidence snap shot) the operation completed by each process identified the assembly language program by debugging the program. 2. To write, compile and debug a given C language program given in Figure C.3 of Appendix C for SKEE3732 Laboratory 1 Sheet which perform the same function as the given assembly language program in Objective 1. Describe (with evidence snap shot) the operation completed by each process identified the C program by debugging the program. 3. To compare the Assembly Language program generated by the C program in Objective 2 with the manually generated assembly language program in Objective 1. Use Table 1 and Table 2 to compare. 3 Equipment/Software/Reference: 1. A computer system running Windows XP or Window Vista or Window 7/8. 2. Atmel Studio 6.2 installed on the system. In the case of Windows 10 it is advisable that Atmel Studio 7 is used. 3. Reference 1 Atmega32 Reference manual 4. Reference 2 AVRInstructionSet 5. Reference 3 AVR Assembler User Guide 6. Reference 4 Essential C.pdf SKEE3732 up Laboratory 1 Sheet (Rev ).docx 4

5 4 Procedures Note: You must complete Preliminary Preparation before proceeding this section. Make sure that Atmel Studio 6.2 has been installed on your Window PC. A. Procedure 1: 1. By referring to Section B.3 thru B12 of Appendix B for SKEE3732 Laboratory 1 Sheet, debug the program given in Figure B2(B5) on the Atmel Studio 6 (assuming you have assembled successfully) by tracing through the program and by referring process # Fill Table 1 (column 2) as you debug through the each process. Give evidence of the final result of each process (11 process total) identified in the program by taking snapshot of the Processor View and Memory View. Highlight Register/Memory location affected the by completion of the process in snapshot taken. Result for Process 1 and Process 8 is given in example 1 and 2 below for your guidance You can trace through (single stepping) or use break point to stop at the beginning of each process (which is also the end of the previous process). 2. To give evidence, take snap shots of relevant registers/memory locations affected before the process and after the process complete. These snapshots can be used to support Discussion materials in of your report. Highlight the register or memory location affected in the snapshot for the respective process as shown in example 2 (to show that you know what is going on). 3. However the relevant view to snapshot depends on what register or which memory location(s) that you need to read. The snapshot of the PC that identifies the instance of the overall result must also be taken. Do not just take snapshots without documenting the result. Examples as shown in Example 1 and Example 2 below. B. Procedure 2: 1. By referring to Section C7 thru C.12 of Appendix C for SKEE3732 Laboratory 1 Sheet, debug the program given in Figure C3 in Lab1 Appendix B on the Atmel Studio 6 (assuming you have solved all errors if any) by tracing through the program and by referring process # take the snapshot of the Watch View that gives the values to the affected variables. 2. Note that for Process 10, you will need you to debug in the Disassembly View after restarting a new Start Debugging and Break (after noticing than you cannot Step Over the while(1) structure), by setting the breakpoint at the generated assembly language instruction of the while(1) C/C++ statement and then take the snap shots of the Processor View and proof that that the Program Counter doesn t change whilst the Cycle Counter Increments as you Step Over continuously over the instruction. C. Procedure 3: 1. By referring to Section C.6 of Appendix C for SKEE3732 Laboratory 1 Sheet, determine the assembly language instruction generated by the Atmel Studio C/C++ from the SKEE3732 up Laboratory 1 Sheet (Rev ).docx 5

6 program given in Figure C.3, for each of the process given in Table 1 (assuming the program has been compiled successfully) by inspecting the disassembly view. 5 Result to be Taken: When reporting result based on evidence taken, describe (which are explained in comment fields) each process (Process 1 through 8) identified in the program given in Figure B2(B5) of Appendix B for SKEE3732 Laboratory 1 Sheet by using diagram showing the movement of data that implement the process. The diagram is to be taken from snapshot in results during debugging process of the program should be utilised. A. For Procedure 1: Fill Table 1 (column 2) as you debug through the each process. Give evidence of the final result of each process (11 process total) identified in the program by taking snapshot of them Processor View and Memory View. Highlight Register/Memory location affected the by completion of the process in snapshot taken. Result for Process 1 and Process 8 is given in example 1 and 2 below for your guidance You can trace through (single stepping) or use breakpoints to stop at the beginning of each process (which is also the end of the previous process). However what view to snapshot depends on what register or which memory location(s) that you need to read. The snapshot of the PC that identifies the instance of the overall result must also be taken. Do not just take snapshots without documenting the result as shown in Example 1 and Example 2 below. The red box shows the data of registers/memory locations affected snapshots of data before the completion of a certain process. Evidence Example 1 : In Process 1 Register/Memory location affected is PC and SP. (So you are needed to give the snap shot of content SP with PC for their condition just before the process (PC should be = 000A) starts and their condition just after the process ends. Value of R16 is not required because it is not the ultimate objects affected in the process but just used as a temporary storage and highlight it in red box as shown below) PC and SP before Process #1 entry SKEE3732 up Laboratory 1 Sheet (Rev ).docx 6

7 On completion The snap shot of content SP with PC (highlighted in red identified as the subject) that changed: PC and SP after Process #1 complete Evidence Example 2 : Process 8 Before Entry The snap shot of content memory at address $0080 thru $0084 and PC (highlighted in red identified as the subject that will change) On completion: The snap shot of content memory at address $0080 thru $0084 with PC (highlighted in red identified as the subject has changed). SKEE3732 up Laboratory 1 Sheet (Rev ).docx 7

8 B. For Procedure 2: Fill Table 1 (column 3) as you debug through the each process. Provide evidence as shown in example below (affected location/register) identified by red square in the Processor or Watch View whichever window is deemed necessary. (Process #1, Process #2 and Process 8 is prefilled for your guidance) In Watch View, you will need to expand the list of members if the identifier is pointing to an array of data. If the source of data is from memory (i.e. either its content or address, you will need to highlight the origin of the source. Evidence Example 1 : Process #1: Stack Pointer contain 0x085D Example 2) : Evidence Example 2) : Process #2: Address 0x007e for location of num1 and contains 0x2A on completion of this process. Evidence Example 3) : Process #8: SKEE3732 up Laboratory 1 Sheet (Rev ).docx 8

9 Address 0x0077 thru 0x0077 (which is the location of 6 byte array numbers3 is loaded with 0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x12, 0x14 and 0x15. C. For Procedure 3: Fill Table 2. 6 Discussion: Describe/discuss from result taken the following: a. Any similarities or differences on usage of labels in Assembly language (or identifier in C language) that represent memory location or constant if applicable between assembly Language and C program based on the following criteria. i. In assembly language and C language, is the address of label for data location are significant to the programmer why is the address significant ii. In assembly language and C language, is the value of constant the label represent are significant to the programmer when is the value significant. b. The differences between the codes written in assembly language and the codes written in C language and the use of GPRs in the codes. c. The similarities or differences between assembly language codes written by programmer and C compiler generated assembly language code. d. The outcome of each process between the codes written in assembly language and the codes written in C language SKEE3732 up Laboratory 1 Sheet (Rev ).docx 9

10 7 Conclusion Conclude you report by citing facts given in result and discussion. You do not conclude by just by writing Objective achieve. Referring/citing any evidence that is in Result or Discussion: a. Conclude any similarity or difference the use of General Purpose Register as intermediate storage, or as pointer to locations between assembly Language and C language program. b. Conclude advantage and disadvantages that you observe between assembly Language and C Language program. 8 Report Writing: For Short Report: Date of Laboratory Experiment Make/Model/Serial No. of Machine or Platform/OS version of computer/software used must be given. Theory: Just give titles relevant theory material used in the laboratory experiment. Procedure: Report step taken to fulfill requirement in objectives including design of program to fulfill objective. Use flowchart if necessary. Procedure may be summarized. Result: Report all result with evidences specified this laboratory sheet by taking snapshots of relevant Codes, Register, or Memory windows. Discussion: Discuss technically on the procedures taken and result observed based on Objectives, Theories and Results. Conclusion: Give Conclusion based on Objectives, Theories, Procedures, Results and Discussions. For Long Report: Date of Laboratory Experiment Make/Model/Serial No. of Machine or Platform/OS version of computer/software used must be given. Theory: A summary of the relevant theory material used in the laboratory experiment. Irrelevant and massive material that is a cut and paste from the internet will leads to deductions of mark. Procedure: Give brief description of the steps taken by numbering steps. Result: Report all result (citing the step number in Procedure) with evidences specified this laboratory sheet by taking snapshots of relevant Codes, Register, or Memory windows based on objectives. Discussion: Discuss technically on the procedures taken and result observed based on Objectives, Theories and Results. Conclusion: Give Conclusion based on Objectives, Theories, Procedures, Results and Discussions. SKEE3732 up Laboratory 1 Sheet (Rev ).docx 10

11 Table 1: To be filled for Procedure 1 and Procedure 3. (Information prefilled is as guidance) Process No Final result in Memory Location or Register affected from Process (Value under Address column or Identifier name under Variable column must be filled if empty. From Lab1Pre.asm 1 Register Content SP 085F Address Content 2 0x0060 Address Content 3 Address Content 4 Register Content 5 Address Content 6 0x0080 Address Content 7 8 Address Content 0x0080 0x0081 0x0082 0x0083 0x Address Content 10 Address Content 11 Register Content PC From Lab1PreCversion.c Identify affected variables. Address variables is not significant (Use the declared variable name in Watch View to get values of data in memory locations/registers Refer to Processor view before Process #2 is executed SP Variable 085D Content num1 temp1 sum ptrnumbers3 numbers3 numbers3[3] numbers3[0] numbers3[1] numbers3[2] numbers3[3] numbers3[4] numbers2[0] numbers2[1] numbers2[2] numbers2[3] numbers4[0] numbers4[1] numbers4[2] numbers4[3] Cannot be traced (Step Over) under Debug Hint: You can find the value of address here from the Disassembly View SKEE3732 up Laboratory 1 Sheet (Rev ).docx 11

12 Table 2: Process No To be filled for Procedure 1 and Procedure 3. (Information prefilled is as guidance) Final Result of each Process Assembly language generated from rom Lab1PreCversion from author s computer may be different from your computer) From Lab1Pre.asm Assembly language generated from rom Lab1PreCversion (from author s computer) Assembly language generated from rom Lab1PreCversion (from your computer) ldi out ldi out R16,low(RAMEND) SPL,R16 r16,high(ramend) SPH,R16 LDI R28,0x5F LDI R29,0x08 OUT 0x3E,R29 OUT 0x3D,R28 2 ldi sts r17,$2a num1,r17 LDI R24,0x2A STS 0x007D,R24 3 lds sts r17,num1 temp1,r17 LDS R24,0x007D STS 0x007C,R24 4 lds r0,num1 lds r1,temp1 add r0,r1 ldi r16,5 add r0,r16 sts sum,r0 LDS R25,0x007D LDS R24,0x007C ADD R24,R25 SUBI R24,0xFB STS 0x007B,R24 5 ldi YL,low(numbers3) ldi YH,high(numbers3) LDI R30,0x74 LDI R31,0x00 STS 0x007A,R31 STS 0x0079,R30 6 ldi st r16,$53 Y,r16 LDI R24,0x53 STD Z+0,R24 7 ldi r16,$35 std Y+3,r16 LDI R24,0x35 STD Z+3,R24 8 ldi XL,low(numbers3) LDI R24,0x00 SKEE3732 up Laboratory 1 Sheet (Rev ).docx 12

13 ldi XH,high(numbers3) ldi r20,ten st X+,r20 inc r20 st X+,r20 inc r20 st X+,r20 inc r20 st X+,r20 inc r20 st X+,r20 LDI R25,0x00 LDS R18,0x0060 MOVW R30,R24 SUBI R30,0x8C SBCI R31,0xFF STD Z+0,R18 LDS R18,0x0060 SUBI R18,0xFF STS 0x0060,R18 ADIW R24,0x01 CPI R24,0x05 CPC R25,R1 BRNE PC0x0E 9 ldi XL,low(numbers2+4) ldi XH,high(numbers2+4) ld r16,y+ st X,r16 ld r16,y+ st X,r16 ld r16,y+ st X,r16 ld r16,y+ st X,r16 LDS R24,0x0074 STS 0x0070,R24 LDS R24,0x0075 STS 0x006F,R24 LDS R24,0x0076 STS 0x006E,R24 LDS R24,0x0077 STS 0x006D,R24 10 ldi ZH,high(numbers1<<1) ldi ZL,low(numbers1<<1) ldi YH,high(numbers4) ldi YL,low(numbers4) ldi r17,4 repeat: lpm r18,z+ st Y+,r18 dec r17 brne repeat LDI R24,0x00 LDI R25,0x00 MOVW R30,R24 SUBI R30,0xAC SBCI R31,0xFF LPM R30,Z STS 0x006C,R30 LDS R18,0x006C MOVW R30,R24 SUBI R30,0x9E SBCI R31,0xFF STD Z+0,R18 ADIW R24,0x01 CPI R24,0x04 CPC R25,R1 BRNE PC0x0F 11 here: rjmp here RJMP PC0x0000 SKEE3732 up Laboratory 1 Sheet (Rev ).docx 13