Module 10: System Integration & Planning. Introduction to I/O Elementary I/O in AVR MSI devices

Transcription

1 Module 10: System Integration & Planning Introduction to I/O Elementary I/O in AVR MSI devices

2 Introduction

3 Introduction o There are five types of project complexity possibilities: o Purely software o Purely hardware: simple or single o Mixed software and hardware o Multi-software integration o Multi-hardware integration o As project size grows; o complexity grows - more proper planning is required o more manpower involved - more project partitioning is required

4 o Why? The Need To Integrate & Plan o To simplify development process by divide and rule. o To identify what is available and not. o Outsourcing the not available either due to o Short of related materials or reliable components or sub-systems o Short of time o Short of knowledge o Short of manpower o Add values to the original system: o The final product is more than sum of parts o Add more features to make original system - easier to use, better performance such as more accurate, capture more market segments o Be competitive o Easier to maintain and optimize the system

5 The Need To Integrate & Plan o Why? o To Understanding the System Requirement Specification (SRS). o Describe the system flows o List the needs, features, capabilities o List the restriction o List the time frame o Can be used as check list or QA/QC testing or verification

6 The Need To Integrate & Plan o In order to Understand the SRS and implementation, extra works may be needed such: o Block diagrams o Flowcharts o Timing diagrams o Circuits diagrams o User Interface o Procedures o Electronic setup or arrangement o Mechanical setup or arrangement o Animation (large project which worth the cost and efforts) o Cost correlation o Project schedule and milestone list and affect of the above

7 Project Planning

8 Project Planning o In general there are three planning: o Hardware Planning o Controller o The plant to be controlled o Human Machine Interface o Software Planning o Flowcharts o Identify the subroutines o Identify specific skills, routines or technology components needed o Documentation Planning o Actually, the most important aspect of the whole project o For contractors: important to claim payment o For engineers /programmers: important to maintain and upgrade o For researchers: important for publication and patents

9 Project Planning: Documentation o There are six things that needed in documentation planning: 1. Project description 2. Analysis Consists of words and sentences to describes the project Pictures: a picture describe a thousand words Block diagrams simplification of the pictures or description Block diagrams stage of process Flowcharts Timing diagrams Circuits diagrams Transaction diagrams

10 3. Schedule Project Planning: Documentation Tasks. To monitor progress To identify any possible missing details Can either be in days, weeks, or months Years are normally break into phases Weeks No. Tasks Problem description & analysis 2. Implementing basic components: a) LED b) 7Segment c) keypads d) Analog input 3. Main process implementation 4. Test and improvement 5. Report writing

11 3. Schedule Project Planning: Documentation Milestone. Major progress Payment claim, progress marks Any delay to achieve will become big attention Weeks No. Tasks Main process implementation * 2. Report writing submission * 4. Development 5. Verification 6. Manual & Report Manual & Training Commissioning and final report (As Built)

12 Project Planning: Hardware o There are three things that needed in hardware planning: 1. Controller Single or multi-controller Build from scratch or use on the shelf SDK (system development kit) use for fast prototyping or simulation Autonomous running or supervised Wired or wireless communication 2. The Plant to be Controlled Electronic, mechanical, chemical or hybrid Accuracy, resolution, speed, response time, distance etc. Analog or digital or hybrid 3. Human Machine Interface Mechanical user interface Electronic user interface Software user interface Hybrid Redundant system

13 Hardware Planning - Controller o Type based on performance criteria's (see module 2) o Brand based on: o Familiarity, experience o Support tools, o Design references, o To build or to buy based on o Time constraint o Availability o Stability o Support, Maintenance o Target user or market o Fixed application or programmable (upgradable) o Consumer or industrial o Education

14 Hardware Planning - Controller o Issues: o Testing procedure: in house, out field, calibration o Modeling o System: electronic, mechanical, chemical, radiation, o Size, power, o Equipment acquisition o Shipment delay: schedule, milestone, estimated time, actual time, reserve for delays o Fabrication: PCB, casing, mechanical etc. o Packaging o Interfacing circuits: input and output, digital and analog o Problems: not in stock, delivery delay, price increases, support, maintenance

15 Project Planning: Software o Why? o Long programs o Low-volume applications o Programs which are expected to undergo many changes o Applications involving more computation than Input/Output or control o Tools: compiler, assembler, simulator, hardware debugger, modeling verification o Speed requirement: almost none, real-time, user response time, machine response etc. o Memory size, feature capabilities

16 Project Planning: Software o Block Diagram o Overview of top level architecture o Identify data transaction between blocks o Flowcharts o Levels of flowchart: human understanding vs machine implementation o Design and verification (QC/QA) o Identify the subroutines/components o LED, 7Segment, keypad, ADC, o Identify specific skills, routines or technology components needed o Implementation issues: o Adjusting to actual hardware condition o Delays o Filter o Human response relative to actual data capture speed

17 There are many types of systems software, but two types are central to every computers today: An Operating System and a Compiler Computer System

18 System Software Operating Systems: A program that controls the execution of application programs and act as an interface between user s program and computer hardware. Examples: Windows, Linux, and MacOS. Compiler: A program that translates high-level language statements into assembly language statements

19 System Integration

20 System Integration o System Optimization (industrial product) o Making a system work AFAP is always the first priority o Making the system stable and reliable is always the 2nd round challenge o Price is always secondary o Increase performance or introducing new features is always productivity improvement future target

21 System Integration - Model o There are three types of software development model: 1. In House All components, sub-systems, hardware or software are built in the organization Advantage: Full control Disadvantage: easily cost over run if project is delayed 2. Partially Outsource Some of the components, sub-systems, hardware or software are built by subcontractor or purchased from third party Advantage: Save development time Disadvantage: Higher cost, possibility of obsolete, incompatibility issues (EDAS) 3. Full Outsource All components, sub-systems, hardware or software are built outside the organization Advantage: minimum overhead if economy downturn (eg. ARM, Bombardier) Disadvantage: possibility to lose control (see US and European automobile companies)

22 1. Partitioning 2. Approach System Integration - Approach different person for specific tasks to reduce errors divide and solve different team of designer and QC/QA top-down or bottom-up Experience vs theory 3. Integration Challenges Different vendors Non-standardize equipment Custom interface 4. Verification 5. Report The most difficult and boring part of all

23 Program Flow

24 Program Flow Types initialize initialize initialize Send data Send data Send data End End One pass sequence Ended sequence Infinite loop sequence PC keeps increasing may accidently hit opcode on next PC strict way to lock PC branch only needed consumes power cannot sleep

25 o Problem: There are 8 LEDs to be controlled. Each LEDs are active HIGH. Program Example : (1) From Port B pin 7 From Port B pin 0 ; Controlling LED.EQU DDRB = 0x037.EQU PORTB = 0x038.CSEG.ORG 0 ; Initialization I/O Interface ldi R16, 0xFF out DDRB, R16 ; Set PORTB as output ULANG: ldi R16, 0x0F out PORTB, R16 ; Switch ON pin B0 to B3 rjmp ULANG

26 o Problem: There are 8 LEDs to be controlled. Each LEDs are active HIGH. Write a programming that use: 1. One pass sequence 2. Ended sequence 3. Infinite loop sequence Program Example : (2) From Port B pin 7 From Port B pin 0 initialize Send data End One pass sequence ; Controlling LED.EQU DDRB = 0x037.EQU PORTB = 0x038.CSEG.ORG 0 ; Initialization I/O Interface ldi R16, 0xFF out DDRB, R16 ; Set PORTB as output ldi R16, 0x0F out PORTB, R16 ; Switch ON pin B0 to B3

27 o Problem: There are 8 LEDs to be controlled. Each LEDs are active HIGH. Write a programming that use: 1. One pass sequence 2. Ended sequence 3. Infinite loop sequence Program Example : (2) From Port B pin 7 From Port B pin 0 initialize Send data End Ended sequence Controlling LED.EQU DDRB = 0x037.EQU PORTB = 0x038.CSEG.ORG 0 ; Initialization I/O Interface ldi R16, 0xFF out DDRB, R16 ; Set PORTB as output ldi R16, 0x0F out PORTB, R16 ; Switch ON pin B0 to B3 STOP: rjmp STOP

28 o Problem: There are 8 LEDs to be controlled. Each LEDs are active HIGH. Write a programming that use: 1. One pass sequence 2. Ended sequence 3. Infinite loop sequence initialize Send data Program Example : (2) From Port B pin 7 From Port B pin 0 Controlling LED.EQU DDRB = 0x037.EQU PORTB = 0x038.CSEG.ORG 0 ; Initialization I/O Interface ldi R17, 0xFF out DDRB, R17 ; Set PORTB as output Infinite loop sequence ULANG: ldi R16, 0x0F out PORTB, R16 ; Switch ON pin B0 to B3 dec R17 ; If replace with ROL? brne ULANG STOP rjmp STOP ; Stop PC

29 Program Exercises : (1) o Problem: There are 8 LEDs and each are active HIGH. Write a programming to control LEDs pattern that: 1. Only ONE led ON at a time. 2. Start from the right, once reach maximum or left, restart from the right initialize Send data Change data Max? ROL CPI BRNE Reset data

30 Program Exercises : (2) o Problem: There are 8 LEDs and each are active HIGH. Write a programming to control LEDs pattern that has two direction based on the flowchart below. initialize Send data Change data ROL Max? Send data Change data Min? CPI BRNE ROR CPI BRNE Small changes from the previous exercise, learn: a) CPI instruction b) ROL and ROR instruction c) More branch instruction

31 Program Exercises : (2) o Problem: Same with the previous exercises (2), but now with: 1. Data indirect & data direct 2. And alternative flow chart as below initialize Counter, data constant, pointer Lookup Table Send data LPM ROL R16, Z Data + 1 Max? Reset data CPI BRNE ROR CPI BRNE Major changes from the previous exercise, learn: a) Use look up table b) CPI instruction c) Branch instruction d) Assemble directive,.db