Data Centres - Today s Changing Landscape. Tony Day Global Director Data Centre Projects & Professional Services for APC by Schneider Electric

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1 Data Centres - Today s Changing Landscape Tony Day Global Director Data Centre Projects & Professional Services for APC by Schneider Electric

2 Solutions of the past are not sufficient for the future The world s energy system is at a crossroads. Current global trends in energy supply and consumption are patently unsustainable But that can and must be altered; there change the road we re on there s still time to what is needed is nothing short of an energy revolution energy Source: World Energy Outlook

3 The ICT sector Technology is key earlier what used to be done via Human interaction has become technology driven this is becoming a key business differentiation. A crucial part of the solution to climate change European Commission Communication to the Parliament on Mobilizing Information & Communication Technologies to facilitate the transition to an energy-efficient low-carbon economy The way to save the first billion tons of carbon World Wildlife Fund. The intelligent application of ICT can reduce our annual global emissions by 15% by 2020 (approx 7.8Gt of carbon dioxide equivalent to carbon savings five times larger than the total emissions from the IT sector and 600B of cost savings)- The Global esustainability Initiative SMART 2020 report.

4 Double-edged squeeze The BUSINESS The PLANET More computing per watt! Reduce carbon footprint!

5 Data center planning and operation is under increasing pressures Increasing availability expectations Uncertain long-term plans for capacity or density High density blade server power/heat Rapid changes in IT technology Energy and service cost control pressure Dynamic power variation Server consolidation Regulatory requirements In response, we need to change the way the world designs, installs, operates, manages, and maintains data centers Time to value

6 Increasing regulation & codification UK Carbon Reduction Commitment (CRC) EU Code of Conduct for Datacentre s (EU CoC) EU Energy Performance Building Directive Revision of Part L of The Building Regulations 2000 Conservation of fuel and power Climate Change Levy F-Gas regulation EU Eco-design Directive for Energy Using Products, Energy Star, Eurovent certification BREEAM, LEED certification, Carbon Trust ECA Scheme Green Grid metrics PUE/DCIE BCS Financial instruments Standards ANSI-TIA / ASHRAE TC9.9 etc, Legislators should always engage and consult with the industry to ensure the most effective means of dealing with the issues of energy consumption are implemented.

7 Data center governance Industry-wide movement is underway to shape policy and behavior The Green Grid global consortium is dedicated to standards, measurement, processes, and technologies to improve data center performance is a founding member and on the board of directors of The Green Grid The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is defining data center efficiency standards (Energy Star ratings) The European Commission s Institute for Energy is defining a Code of Conduct for data center efficiency Enterprise companies are starting to make public carbon commitments Efficiency can t t be ignored anymore

8 Lessons Learned? The farther backward you can look, the farther forward you are likely to see." Winston Churchill

9 ENIAC

10 1970/ Big Iron Standard Hardware Standard Applications Service Levels High Cost Little Flexibility IBM 370/ /1980

11 1985/ Client/Server Revolution Platform Choice Many Suppliers Chaotic Management Low Service Quality

12 1995/ Internet Revolution (a.k.a. The Dotcom Bubble) Increased Access Uncontrolled Growth Inefficient Deployments Unintegrated Applications Minimal Management Low Service Unnamed Colo, London 2000

13 2000/ Age of Maturity Fewer Platform Choices Consolidation Improved Measurement SLA s/ Metrics Virtualisation Ferrari 2005

14 The New Decade Into the Cloud Datacenters no longer a collection of disparate storage devices, communications equipment and servers Hardware & software resources working to deliver unparalleled levels of efficiency, availability & performance Holistic approach to design & deployment The datacenter is the computer

15 Imperatives for the next decade Faster time to value Higher availability Lower total cost of ownership Capex Installation Energy Costs Maintenance Better efficiency Integrated management systems

16 The Newest Challenge: EFFICIENCY Efficiency target: Provide power and cooling in the amount needed, when needed, and where needed but no more than what is required for redundancy and safety margins But we can t manage what we can t measure

17 Datacenter Efficiency Data Center Physical Infrastructure IT COOLING COOLING system system POWER POWER system system

18 Rack-row-room-building End-to to-end, wrap-around around portfolio enables holistic design for highest availability and efficiency

19 Key Energy consumption data points Typically 50% of power going into a datacenter goes to the power and cooling systems NOT to the IT loads Every kw saved in a datacenter saves about 630 ($1,000) per year A 1% improvement in datacenter infrastructure efficiency (DCiE) corresponds to approximately 2% reduction in electrical bills Every kw saved in a datacenter reduces carbon dioxide emissions by 5 tonnes per year The typical 1MW (IT load) datacenter is continuously wasting about 400kW due to poor design (DCiE = 50%, instead of best-practice 70%) White paper 66

20 Inefficiencies Create Consumption Computing inefficiencies > More servers Server inefficiencies > More power and cooling Power and cooling inefficiencies > More power consumption Inefficiencies drive both power consumption and material consumption

21 Power and cooling: The new #1 datacenter issue Rising densities have led to an increase in power and cooling issues 2008 IDC study

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23 Causes of Energy Inefficiency in Datacenters Primary Causes Over sizing of power and cooling equipment Pushing cooling systems to cool densities higher than they were designed for Redundancy (for high availability) Inefficient power and cooling equipment Ineffective airflow patterns Secondary Causes Mainly operational practices ineffective room layout Inefficient operating settings of cooling equipment Clogged air or water filters Disabled or malfunctioning cooling economizer modes Raised floor clogged with wires

24 CPU Power Consumption Accepting 20% utilization as average the IBM figures say the power dedicated to computation is about 2% of the total data centre power. From Dell s figures using the same utilization ratio we get 1.6%...

25 Changes to impact efficiency and power consumption At top of pyramid changes will have a minuscule impact on power consumption for the data centre as a whole yet they can have a dramatic impact in the data centre efficiency ie useful computations done. Increase CPU utilisation 20% to 60%-80% or more (headroom to ensure more responsive to workload peaks), consolidation/virtualisation server refresh can potentially double the output per CPU if the servers are two years old or more than quadruple it if four years old. At bottom plain energy saving

26 Over sizing Datacenter capacity % CAPACITY 120% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% ROOM CAPACITY INSTALLED CAPACITY EXPECTED LOAD Waste due to over sizing ACTUAL LOAD 0% YEARS Reference: APC White paper #37

27 Convert 2N power and cooling into N+N Double the IT load from the same power input Downside is that some load will need to be dropped in case of power or cooling failure However UPS + generator backup on each power feed and cooling can be hardened too All critical load is also duplicated in a second DR facility too, so the worst-case impact is 25% Business needs to sign off on extra risk and need for preventative maintenance outage

28 Proposed Dedicated Blade Hall Layout Assumes 2N power N), 200KW per compute cell cells, depending on 2N or N+N choice If A or B power or cooling completely fails, half of the N+N load will be required to shut down. The 2N load will remain fully operational. Note that the A/B split is across the centre of a compute cell. This will permit half the cell and half the cooling to remain operational, which gives added HA benefits for grid and clustered usage across each side of the cell.

29 Tiering-four levels relating to availability and security ANSI/TIA Is it safe? Would the business not want any additional risk regardless of any potential benefits? Recent trends in an increasing power constrained and regulated market are a move from Tier 3 or Tier 3+ to Tier 2 and in some cases two Tier1 or three Tier 1 facilities in a delta spaced within the latency limits. The modular datacentre (depending on the configuration of its building blocks) offers the opportunity to have multiple tier levels within the same facility and/or use of the lower Tiers to benefit from a better PUE without any real loss in availability and security.

30 The Datacenter Power Chain PUE

31 The Datacenter Power Chain

32 Take the power to the DC or the DC to the power?

33 denser with more frequent change, focus on efficiency and cost Blade technology adoption as a mainstream architecture Consolidation & Virtualisation Dynamic cooling loads Cloud Computing (External / Internal) Warehouse-Scale Computer (WSC) Thin-client architecture Together with the above, the recent economic turmoil and the ever shrinking business horizon has driven the need for more flexible, scaleable, modular DC facilities

34 Virtualisation Virtualisation is the new operating system for the Datacenter Michael Dell IDC ME CIO Conference, Dubai Jan 2010

35 Minimize the inefficiency of over sizing during virtualization and re-growth and be prepared for higher densities to come Power/cooling Capacity Scalable infrastructure minimizes waste Virtualized Load Original Load Virtualized Load Scale DOWN Load Load Virtualized Rack density Virtualized Load Load Scale UP Load Scalable power and cooling results in better PUE by tracking IT load as it shrinks and grows

36 Raising the efficiency curve

37 Fixed losses and consolidation

38 Need to reduce fixed losses

39 Datacenter Efficiency Metric Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) Watts IN Physical infrastructure Infrastructure (DCPI) IT watts IT Useful computing Watts IN = IT watts 158 LOWER is better, 1 is perfect

40 PUE/DCiE-Define basis of calculation Data center efficiency metrics PUE and DCiE have yet to develop into formal detailed standards that define what devices or subsystems should be included in the metric and which should not. Therefore, APC by Schneider Electric has standardized on its own criteria for what devices or subsystems are included and excluded. The table shows all the common subsystems of a data center and separates them into one of three categories: IT Load, Physical Infrastructure, and Not Included. The physical infrastructure category includes subsystems such as UPS, PDU, generator, etc.

41 Efficiency Analysis of Proposed Data Centre Concept Microsoft concept Typical data center 90% 80% 70% PUE DCiE 60% 50% 40% % % 10% Microsoft concept Typical data center % 20.0% 40.0% 60.0% 80.0% 100.0% 0% 0.0% 20.0% 40.0% 60.0% 80.0% 100.0% % IT load % IT load An efficiency model was developed for the proposed data center concept which resulted in an estimated annualized PUE of 1.22 at 100% load or a DCiE of 82% at 100% load. This model provides the entire efficiency curve which allows efficiency estimates at any load level. For comparison, a typical data center in this location at 100% load would have a PUE of 1.76 or a DCiE of 57%. Both of these curves are illustrated in the figure above.

42 Drivers of infrastructure efficiency gains Goal: Reduce industry average PUE from 2.13 to 1.39 How to get there: Relative contribution of data center improvements Baseline: Average of existing installed base DYNAMIC CONTROL OF COOLING PLANT (VFD fans, pumps, chillers) 10% contribution.07 PUE reduction 415/240 V TRANSFORMERLESS power distribution (NAM) 10% contribution.07 PUE reduction Higher UPS EFFICIENCY 16% contribution.12 PUE reduction RIGHT-SIZING via modular power and cooling 16% contribution.12 PUE reduction Convert from ROOM COOLING to dynamic ROW/RACK cooling 32% contribution.24 PUE reduction Cooling ECONOMIZERS 16% contribution.12 PUE reduction PUE

43 PUE efficiency KPI is the industry standard metric for measuring and benchmarking datacenter energy efficiency Maximum PUE = Server Virtualisation + Scalable Power and Cooling infrastructure Scalable Power and Cooling infrastructure and IT virtualization can DOUBLE electrical savings. Row and Rack cooling architecture addresses increasing higher IT densities requirements.

44 InfraStruXure Central Efficiency dashboard

45 Integration is key to optimise efficiency Energy data access at low cost Supervision Enterprise portal Energy management services POWER PROCESS & MACHINES WHITE SPACE Supervision BUILDING CONTROL SECURITY Supervision

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47 Datacenter Electrical Efficiency Assessments Breakdown power, cooling & lighting losses Breakdown cooling losses into CRAC, humidification, outdoor heat losses Breakdown power losses into UPS, power distribution Calculate DCiE Detailed recommendations to improve efficiency Projected efficiency gains for each recommended improvement

48 Software Design Tools

49 Data Center Operations Management Enterprise Management Systems Microsoft System Center Operations Manager (SCOM) Microsoft System Center Essentials IBM Tivoli Security & Environmental NetBotz Pelco Energy Management PowerLogic IONE PowerLogic Meters Cisco Energywise IBM Active Energy Manager Data Center Physical Infrastructure InfraStruXure Central Centralized & real-time monitoring Fault notification & graphical trending Thresholds & alarm settings Auto-discovery Mass configuration Multi-vendor device support InfraStruXure Operations Building Management Systems Schneider TAC Product Line, including Andover Continuum, Vista All major brands

50 Capacity & Change Manager

51 Ensure capacity meets demand at row, rack, and server level

52 POD Architecture Step and repeat strategy Incremental build out Standardized components Targeted density, efficiency, availability Modular/standardized/scalable architecture reduces both upfront AND operating costs

53 Capital Expenditure "It's a very sobering feeling to be up in space and realize that one's safety factor was determined by the lowest bidder on a government contract." Alan Shepard (Astronaut )

54 Targeted Zone Architecture A mini data center with its own cooling Contributes no heat to rest of data center Works with existing room-based cooling Hot/cool air circulation localized within the pod by short air paths and/or containment Achieves optimal efficiency Targeted availability White paper 134

55 Large Standardised Scalable Facilities

56 Using the industrial shed

57 Start with the low hanging fruit first

58 Beyond the crinkly tin

59 Prefabricated modular rooms Normal DC room heights 3.8m Normal DC aisle widths 1.35m Takes deep racks 1.2m Each room with two 18m rows 500kW critical load per room N+1 cooling, dual feed power Weathered use externally or internally Transportable

60 Prefabricated substations

61 Std ISO container with UPS & Chillers Utility support for power and cooling IT Rack Box

62 Containers stacked inside MS Chicago

63 Modular, scalable using containers

64 We have been there before

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66 The Modular scaleable DC - tecnikon shown at ECTA Vienna in 2000 Tecnikon MDC 58RMU air-cooled sealed IP65 fully ducted racks12.5kw per rack Pre-assembled fully wired spines (rows 20 racks per row) Plug-in plant modules, stair and lift towers Factory built/prefabricated, transported by road, - can be relocated for reuse elsewhere, fast build.

67 Cooling with external air

68 Modular approach

69 Masdar City Exemplar for ecological design

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73 Summary

74 Thank You