1-2-3G Wireless. About NTT DoCoMo. Talk Outline. 4G Wireless (2010 ~ 2012) 4G is about Services

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1 About NTT DoCoMo 4G Applicatio Framework: Eablig Seamless Migrateable Applicatios over Heterogeeous Devices ( ) Chu Hao-hua Project Maager & Researcher It is the largest wireless operator i Japa with 40+ Millios Subscribers. It is the 2 d largest wireless operator i the World (i reveue) after Vodaphoe Reveue: 5.1 Trillio Ye (US$45 Billio). It has approximately 20,000+ employees. It is famous for its i-mode services. DoCoMo USA Labs are located i Sa Jose, CA with 30+ researchers. The research areas are i 4G etworks, services, ad multimedia (targetig 2010). 2 Talk Outlie & Evaluatio 1-2-3G Wireless 1/2Gs were about wireless replacemet of traditioal wirelie voice service over wirelie telephoes. Freedom of mobility: people ca make ad receive phoe calls aywhere aytime (ot tied to home/office). 2.5/3Gs are about wireless replacemet of high speed wirelieiteret access (data service). High speed wirelie = DSL / cable Modems. More freedom of mobility: people ca get full Iteret experiece aywhere aytime (without sittig i frot of a computer) G Wireless (2010 ~ 2012) 4G is expected to be wireless replacemet of lowitelliget huma efforts i their everyday tasks. It is about coectig ad itegratig Iteret services to/with real-world objects (appliaces, devices, sesors, etc.) i our physical eviromets. Ultimate freedom of mobility It is about pervasive ad ubiquitous computig. Physical Eviromet 4G Ad-hoc Network Mobile Termials Iteret 3G Iteret Services Ticket Service Paymet Service Music Database Olie Bak 5 4G is about Services Wireless has ever bee just about commuicatios: Wireless is ot just about creatig aother commuicatio pipe. Each ew geeratio is ot just about 10x or 20x improvemets i etwork badwidth, latecy, etc. It is about ew services ad lifestyle. Speculatios o 4G etwork: Frequecy: 10+GHz, MHz bad, smaller cell size, (completely) IP-based, heterogeeous etworks (802.11x, , UMTS, ), 100 mbps dowlik & 50 mbps uplik, etc. To a average cosumer - show me ew 4G services. Some 4G services may ot eed high badwidth. 6 1

2 Need for a 4G Applicatio (Service) Framework What is i a applicatio framework? Applicatio programmig eviromet Software abstractios, Applicatio Program Iterfaces, SDK, etc. Applicatio developers use programmig eviromet to build 4G applicatios. Applicatio executio eviromet Maage applicatio lifecycle: discovery, compositio, dowload, istatiatio, termiatio, billig, etc. Ifrastructure operators deploy the applicatio executio eviromet to ru 4G applicatios. There are lots of research ad developmet challeges. Roam System addresses two specific research challeges. Other research challeges are described as future work. 7 Talk Outlie & Evaluatio 8 Roam System Challeges Roam System Challeges Device Heterogeeity Processor, memory, scree size, iput method, etwork, Ca applicatios be Write oce, ru o ay devices? Heterogeeous Iteret Access Termials 4G Iteret Applicatios Cotiuous Computig Applicatio Mobility-> Applicatios ca cotiue to be accessible to a user aywhere, aytime, from ay devices. Ca a user move a ruig applicatio to ay devices without losig applicatio executio state? Heterogeeous Termials App App 4G Iteret Applicatios App App 9 10 Roam System Objective Alterative Approach Create a applicatio framework for seamless applicatios that are Write Oce, Ru o Ay Device, ad Move to Ay Device. Device Heterogeeity -> (Write oce, Ru o ay devices) Cotiuous Computig -> (Move to ay devices) Roam System Video The same Chess app rus o both Notebook ad. A user ca migrate the chess app from to Notebook. Video coferecig app rus o both Notebook ad. A user ca migrate the video coferecig app from Notebook to. Device-depedet Applicatios versio, versio, Cell phoe versio, TV versio, Pre-load device-depedet applicatios o differet devices Sychroizatio Problems (All three above): Large umber of computig devices -> high developmet & maiteace cost for developers. Pre-load applicatios -> high user maagemet cost. Difficult to sychroize -> ruig state caot be sychroized as data

3 Is Java Sufficiet? Java claims WORA (Write Oce, Ru Aywhere) ad Java has serializatio APIs for migratig applicatio ruig state. Java is fragmeted with differet VM cofiguratios ad profiles for differet classes of devices (based o size of memory footprit). Java becomes Write Oce, Ru o Particular Class of Devices. Serializatio breaks across differet VM profiles ad cofiguratios. Applicatio UI eeds to be adapted ad trasformed. 13 UI UI without Adaptatio Both Horizoal & Vertical Scrollbars: Very Low usability 14 Talk Outlie & Evaluatio Roam System Exted Java to support Write Oce, Ru o Ay Device, ad Move to Ay Device applicatios. Borrowed Cocept: Compoet-based Programmig Model: A applicatio is broke dow ito compoets that ca be idividually distributed ad recomposed. Uique Cocept: Provide adaptatio at the applicatio compoet-level, rather tha applicatio as a whole. The system ca apply differet adaptatio strategies to differet compoets withi the same applicatio Roam System Desig Applicatio Basic Lifecycle Roam Applicatio (Roamlet) Basic Lifecycle Compoet-Based Programmig Resource Specificatio Compoet-Level Adaptatio (Source Device) Roamlet (4) Sed Serialized Executio State (Target Device) Roamlet (5) Istatiatio Roam Aget Roam Aget HTTP Server Roamlet Classes (1) Capability Negotiatio (2) Select Adaptatio Strategy (3) Code Dowloadig

4 user1 user1 Roam System Desig Roam Applicatio (Roamlet) Basic Lifecycle Compoet-Based Programmig Resource Specificatio Compoet-Level Adaptatio Compoet-Based Programmig Device-Depedet GUI Compoet Scalable GUI Compoet Device-Idepedet Represetatio Applicatio Logic Compoet 19 Search Tree 20 Roam System Desig Resource Specificatio Roam Applicatio (Roamlet) Basic Lifecycle Compoet-Based Programmig Resource Specificatio Compoet-Level Adaptatio Device-Depedet GUI Compoet Scalable GUI Compoet Device-Idepedet Represetatio Resource Specificatio JVM & SWING Lib, Scree Size >800x600, Keyboard + Mouse PersoalJava VM & AWT Lib, Scree Size 320x240, Stylus Ay Java VMs Applicatio Logic Compoet JVM Search Tree Roam System Desig Compoet-Level Adaptatio Roam Applicatio (Roamlet) Basic Lifecycle Compoet-Based Programmig Resource Specificatio Compoet-Level Adaptatio Adaptatio Strategies Dyamic Istatiatio Trasformatio Target Compoets Customized device-depedet user iterface (UI) compoets User iterface compoets Developer Provides Multiple devicedepedet (DD) implemetatios Oe deviceidepedet (DI) represetatio Actio by the System Choose oe implemetatio that best matches the target device capabilities. Trasform it to fit target device capabilities. Computatio Apportioig Applicatio logic compoets Oe deviceidepedet (DI) implemetatio Offload it to a server for remote executio

5 user1 user1 Dyamic Istatiatio Device Depedet GUI Compoet Applicatio Migratio Trasformatio Device Depedet GUI Compoet Applicatio Migratio Dyamic Istatiatio Scalable GUI Compoet Device-Idepedet Represetatio Presetatio Presetatio Trasformatio Computatio Offloadig Device Depedet GUI Compoet Applicatio Migratio Compoet-Level Adaptatio Provide adaptatio at the applicatio compoet-level. The system ca apply differet adaptatio strategies to differet compoets withi the same applicatio. GUI Compoet Scalable GUI Compoet Device-Idepedet Represetatio Applicatio Logic Compoet Search Tree Computig Server Computatio Offloadig 27 Dyamic Istatiatio Scalable GUI Compoet Presetatio Device-Idepedet Represetatio Presetatio Trasformatio Applicatio Logic Compoet Computig Server Computatio Offloadig 28 Talk Outlie Scalable GUI & Evaluatio Provide more details o UI Trasformatio techique. Show the Shop Huter Demo

6 Scalable GUI Challeges Scalable GUI Approach Scree Sizes Iput Methods Software UI Libraries Task Prefereces Task Model Presetatio Model 800x x x600 Keyboard & Poitig Device Stylus Keypad Device Idepedet Models J2SE Swig Library PersoalJava AWT Library J2ME DoJa Library Iput Itesive Task Limited Iput Task Very Limited Iput Task Task Model Device Specific Presetatios Task & Presetatio Models Presetatio Model Express each task with a device idepedet presetatio. Capture all users logical tasks, e.g., retrievig iformatio, (ad physical tasks, e.g. selectig a butto) 33 Sigle Authorig Techique It is based o a Sigle Authorig Techique. Sigle Authorig Techique Mappig SWING Widget Device-idepedet Widget Scalable GUI Library 34 Mappig Task Customizatio AWT Widget DoJA Widget

7 Sigle Authorig Techique Mappig Task Customizatio Sigle Layout Specificatio - GridBag Layout - Biggest Scree Sigle Authorig Techique Mappig Task Customizatio Sigle Layout Specificatio Cotrol trasformatio - scree size problem - author/user preferece Talk Outlie Security & Evaluatio Ecrypt data. (Java SSL) Autheticate the IP address of source device. Verify source of the Roamletbyte code. (Java jarsig ad keytool). Prompt Users for ay icomig RoamletMigratio requests with IP address (autheticated) of the source device URL ad sigature (verified) of the Roamlet byte code Malicious Roamlet Migratig Dowloadig Modified Byte Code Siffer ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Migrateable Network Eable Migrate-able Network Applicatios such as Video Coferecig, Chat, MigrateableTCP/UDP Sockets: For TCP sockets, migratio must preserve TCP reliability. For UDP sockets, migratio may cause some packet lost (ureliable). Migrateable File IOs This is ot implemeted. There are two possible solutios: Proxy: large files, does require coectios to source device. Movig Files: small files, does ot require coectios to source device. Source Device Proxy Applicatio Migratio Setup a Proxy Target Device Applicatio Applicatio Migratio File Copy the File File

8 Talk Outlie & Evaluatio Total 15,000 Lies of Code (8,500 Lies i SGUI) Roam Applicatios Roam System (APIs) Roam System Rutime JVM PersoalJava VM KVM Evaluatio Applicatios Chess Coect4 Shop Huters Notebook J2SE VM Notebook to Pocket Cotext Trasfer Time 4.9s 2.8s N/A 10.2s 6.4s 3.7s Computig Server J2SE VM Applicatio Migratio b WLAN Trasformatio Time Migratio Latecy Pocket to Notebook Cotext Trasfer Time 4.2s 1.2s N/A Pocket Device Persoal Java VM Trasformatio Time 1.1s 1.4s 0.9s 45 Talk Outlie & Evaluatio 46 Related Work Related Work o SGUI Related work is focused o process migratio amog devices with similar HW/SW capabilities. Aglet, Cocordia, Telescript, Jumpig Beas, Voyager, Mole, Sumatra, MOA, Ara, Roam System is focused o rutime migratio amog heterogeeous devices with diverse HW/SW capabilities. Recet related work: PIMA (IBM): web services. imesh (UCLA): soft real time migratio latecy Zap (Columbia): process migratio i Liux Autoomous approach Geerate presetatios autoomously by requirig every sigle layout details from developers -> too much developer efforts. UIML (Harmoia, Ic.), Uified User Iterface (ICS-FORTH) Automatic approach Geerate presetatios automatically by leavig o layout cotrols to developers -> too little cotrol. XIML (Redwhale), XWeb (BYU) Scalable GUI Approach Middle groud betwee the autoomous ad automatic approaches Oly require a sigle layout specificatio from developers, ad automatically rearrage the layout whe the specificatio caot be applied

9 Talk Outlie Coclusio & Summary & Evaluatio Preset a workig Roam system ad applicatio framework for buildig applicatios that are Write Oce, Ru o Ay Device, ad Move to Ay Device. Roam System solves the followig challeges: Device Heterogeeity Cotiuous Computig Compoet-based Programmig Model Provide adaptatio at the applicatio compoet-level. System ca apply differet adaptatio strategies to differet compoets withi the same applicatio Talk Outlie Future Work & Evaluatio 51 Good PhD Thesis Topics. Service/applicatio Lifecycle: discovery, compositio, termiatio,, (i the cotext of wireless web services) Device ad service plug--play Physical Eviromet 4G Ad-hoc Network Real-time iteractios Network Discoectios (smart cliets) Efficiet paymet Service (micro-paymets) Privacy Mobile Termials Iteret 3G Iteret Services Ticket Service Paymet Service Music Database Olie Bak 52 Related Work o Ubiquitous, Pervasive Service Frameworks Project Oxyge (MIT) Iteractive Workspace (Staford) Project Aura (CMU) Gaia (UIUC) Cooltow (HP) Speakeasy (PARC) EasyLivig (Microsoft) Aware Home (GAtech).. (every major uiversity has a project related to it) Questios & Aswers 53 9