Introduction to IPv6. ISP Training Workshops

Transcription

1 Itroductio to IPv6 ISP Traiig Workshops 1

2 Early Iteret History p Late 1980s Expoetial growth of the Iteret p Late 1990: CLNS proposed as IP replacemet p Ruig out of class-b etwork umbers Explosive growth of the default-free routig table Evetual exhaustio of 32-bit address space p Two efforts short-term vs. log-term More at The Log ad Widy ROAD 2

3 Early Iteret History p CIDR ad Superettig proposed i Deploymet started i 1994 p IETF ipg solicitatio RFC1550, Dec 1993 p Proliferatio of proposals: TUBA RFC1347, Jue 1992 PIP RFC1621, RFC1622, May 1994 CATNIP RFC1707, October 1994 SIPP RFC1710, October 1994 NIMROD RFC1753, December 1994 ENCAPS RFC1955, Jue 1996 p Directio ad techical criteria for ipg choice RFC1719 ad RFC1726, Dec

4 Early Iteret History 1996 p Other activities icluded: Developmet of NAT, PPP, DHCP, Some IPv4 address reclamatio The RIR system was itroduced p Brakes were put o IPv4 address cosumptio p IPv4 32 bit address = 4 billio hosts 4

5 Recet Iteret History The boom years 2001 p IPv6 Developmet i full swig p 6boe Rapid IPv4 cosumptio IPv6 specificatios sorted out (May) Trasitio mechaisms developed Experimetal IPv6 backboe sittig o top of Iteret Participats from over 100 coutries p Early adopters Japa, Germay, Frace, UK, 5

6 Recet Iteret History The bust years: p The DotCom crash p IPv4: i.e. Iteret became maistream Cosumptio slowed Address space pressure reduced p Idifferece Early adopters surgig owards Sceptics more sceptical Yet more trasitio mechaisms developed 6

7 p Resurgece i demad for IPv4 address space All IPv4 address space was allocated by IANA by 3rd February 2011 Exhaustio predictios did rage from wild to coservative but by early 2011 IANA had o more! ad what about the market for address space? p Market for IPv4 addresses: Creates barrier to etry Codems the less affluet to tyray of NATs p IPv6 offers vast address space The oly compellig reaso for IPv6 7

8 Curret Situatio p Geeral perceptio is that IPv6 has ot yet take hold IPv4 Address ru-out has ow made it ito headlie ews p More discussios ad ru-out plas proposed Private sector still demadig a busiess case to migrate p No easy Retur o Ivestmet (RoI) computatio p But reality is very differet from perceptio! Somethig eeds to be doe to sustai the Iteret growth IPv6 or NAT or both or somethig else? 8

9 Do we really eed a larger address space? p Iteret populatio ~630 millio users ed of % of world pop. ~1320 millio users ed of % of world pop. Doubles every 5 years (approximately) Future? (World pop. ~9B i 2050) p US uses 92 /8s this is 6.4 IPv4 addresses per perso Repeat this the world over 6 billio populatio could require 26 billio IPv4 addresses (7 times larger tha the IPv4 address pool) 9

10 Do we really eed a larger address space? p Other Iteret Ecoomies: Chia 19.7 IPv4 /8s Japa 12.0 IPv4 /8s Korea 6.7 IPv4 /8s Germay 5.8 IPv4 /8s Frace 5.1 IPv4 /8s Source: p Emergig Iteret ecoomies eed address space: Chia would eed more tha a /4 of IPv4 address space if every studet (320M) is to get a IPv4 address Idia lives behid NATs (usig oly 2.1 /8s) Africa lives behid NATs (usig less tha 1.5 /8s) 10

11 Do we really eed a larger address space? p Mobile Iteret itroduces ew geeratio of Iteret devices PDA (~20M i 2004), Mobile Phoes (~1.5B i 2003), Tablet PC Eable through several techologies, eg: 3G, , p Trasportatio Mobile Networks 1B automobiles forecast for 2008 Begi ow o vertical markets Iteret access o plaes, e.g. Coexio by Boeig Iteret access o trais, e.g. Narita Express p Cosumer, Home ad Idustrial Appliaces 11

12 Do we really eed a larger address space? p RFC 1918 is ot sufficiet for large eviromets Cable Operators (e.g. Comcast NANOG37 presetatio) Mobile providers (fixed/mobile covergece) Large eterprises p The Policy Developmet process of the RIRs tured dow a request to icrease private address space RIR commuity guidelie is to use global addresses istead This leads to a accelerated depletio of the global address space p Some wated 240/4 as ew private address space But how to back fit oto all TCP/IP stacks released sice 1995? 12

13 Do we really eed a larger address space? p Large variety of proposals to help with IPv6 deploymet NAT444 p Lots of IPv4 NAT Dual Stack Lite p Improvemet o NAT464 (tuelig IPv4 over IPv6 backboe) p Activity of IETF Softwires Workig Group NAT64 & IVI p Traslatio betwee IPv6 ad IPv4 p Activity of IETF Behave Workig Group 6rd p Dyamic IPv6 tuel from SP to customer p Activity of IETF Softwires Workig Group 13

14 IPv6 Geo-Politics p Regioal ad Coutries IPv6 Task Force Europe p Belgium, Frace, Spai, Switzerlad, UK, North-America Japa IPv6 Promotio Coucil Chia, Korea, Idia, p Relatioship Ecoomic partership betwee govermets p Chia-Japa, Europe-Chia, p Recommedatios ad project s fudig IPv roadmap recommedatios Ja Europea Commissio IPv6 project fudig: 6DEPLOY & Euro6IX p Tax Icetives Japa oly program 14

15 Status i Iteret Operatioal Commuity p Service Providers get a IPv6 prefix from their regioal Iteret Registries Very straight forward process whe compared with IPv4 p Much discussio amogst operators about trasitio: NOG experimets of 2008 p What is really still missig from IPv6 p op-reality.pdf May presetatios o IPv6 deploymet experieces 15

16 Service Provider Status p May trasit ISPs have quietly made their backboes IPv6 capable as part of ifrastructure upgrades Native is commo (dual stack) Providers usig MPLS use 6PE/6VPE Tuels still used (ufortuately) p Today fidig IPv6 trasit is ot as challegig as it was 5 years ago 16

17 OS, Services, Applicatios, Cotet p Operatig Systems MacOS X, Liux, BSD Family, may SYS V Widows: XP SP2 (hidde away), Vista, 7 All use IPv6 first if available p p Applicatios (MacOS 10.7 has happy eyeballs ) Browsers, cliets, IM, bittorret, p Services DNS, Apache WebServer, gateways, p Cotet Availability Needs to be o IPv4 ad o IPv6 17

18 Why are we still waitig? p That killer applicatio? Iteret Gamig or Peer to Peer applicatios? p IPv4 to ru out? Too late, it has! p Our competitors? Ay etwork deployed i last 3 years will be IPv6 capable Eve if ot eabled! p The ed-user? The ed-user should ot have to choose protocols Remember Turbo butto o early IBM PC cloes? 18

19 The O-goig Debate (1) p IPv6 Multihomig Same toolset as IPv4 log term o-scalable Ultimate Multihomig Solutio o earer discovery p LISP is makig some progress though p Early rigid IPv6 address allocatio model Oe size fits all barrier to deploymet: p Oly ISPs should get IPv6 space from RIRs p Eterprises should get IPv6 space from ISPs oly Routig table etries matter, ot the ature of busiess p What is a ISP? 19

20 The O-goig Debate (2) p Not every IPv4 device is IPv6 capable Do we really eed to replicate all IPv4 capability i IPv6 prior to cosiderig deploymet? p We have eough IPv4 Those with plety deyig those with little/othig p Migratio versus Co-existece Realistically IPv6 ad IPv4 will co-exist for may years Dual-stack operatig systems i etwork equipmet makes this trivial 20

21 Why ot use Network Address Traslatio? p Private address space ad Network address traslatio (NAT) could be used istead of IPv6 p But NAT has may serious issues: Breaks the ed-to-ed model of IP Breaks ed-to-ed etwork security Serious cosequeces for Lawful Itercept No-NAT friedly applicatios meas NAT has to be upgraded Some applicatios do t work through NATs Layered NAT devices Madates that the etwork keeps the state of the coectios How to scale NAT performace for large etworks?? Makes fast reroutig ad multihomig difficult How to offer cotet from behid a NAT? 21

22 Is IPv4 really ruig out? We are here 22

23 Is IPv4 really ruig out? p Yes! IANA IPv4 free pool ra out o 3rd February 2011 RIR IPv4 free pool will ru out soo after (APNIC etered fial /8 phase o 14 April 2011) p p (depeds o RIR soft-ladig policies) p The ruout gadgets ad widgets are ow watchig whe the RIR pools will ru out: ietcore.com/project/ipv4ec/idex_e.html ipv6.he.et/statistics/ 23

24 IPv4 ru-out p Policy Developmet process i each RIR regio has discussed ad implemeted may proposals relatig to IPv4 ru-out, for example: The Last /8 p All RIRs will receive oe /8 from the IANA free pool IPv4 address trasfer p Permits LIRs to trasfer address space to each other rather tha returig to their RIR Soft ladig p Reduce the allocatio sizes for a LIR as IPv4 pool is depleted IPv4 distributio for IPv6 trasitio p Reservig a rage of IPv4 address to assist with IPv6 trasitio (for Large Scale NATs etc) 24

25 Issues Today p Miimal cotet is available o IPv6 Notwithstadig ipv6.google.com World IPv6 Day o 8 th Jue 2011 helped a little World IPv6 Lauch plaed for 6 th Jue 2012 p p Givig IPv6 to customers might cofuse Browsers, cliets, etc are smart But icreased tech support if IPv6 versio of cotet is dow, but IPv4 versio works p Need to prolog IPv4 so there is time for all cotet to be available o IPv6 25

26 Coclusio p There is a eed for a larger address space IPv6 offers this will evetually replace NAT But NAT will be aroud for a while too Market for IPv4 addresses loomig also p May challeges ahead 26

27 Itroductio to IPv6 ISP Traiig Workshops 27