Architecture, Cost, Operational Effectiveness, and Manufacturer Engagement

Transcription

1 EPRI White Paper Concepts to Enable Advancement of Distributed Energy Resources EPRI Product Number: Gale Horst Project Manager, Smart Demonstrations Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) 1 Architecture, Cost, Operational Effectiveness, and Manufacturer Engagement? End Node Where does the logic reside? Where does the control reside? Characteristics in lieu of physical identification. Where do messages originate (Signaler)? Where do the SG messages go for action (Realizer)? What information needs to be communicated? (Communication of the problem vs. the solution) What needs to be known & where? 2

2 Home to Consumers / Homes Products /Utility /Utility Retail Channels 3 Product Manufacturers Residential Device Manufacturers: What will our customers embrace? What/how can we provide solutions? Wish list includes: Customer Installable (and removable) One standard communication module / plug Coordinated with standards development Wise Demonstration Whirlpool Woodridge Project Studies have looked at how consumer will react? 4

3 Where does detailed information about smart grid enabled products need to reside? Detailed Product Knowledge -- Dryer control algorithms -- Washer Dryer Water Heater HVAC Etc -- AC Design assumptions WH Operational Responsibility -- 5 How does the utility / grid talk to millions of devices? Utility / Consider A radio announcement vs. A personal phone call Prerequisite: A certain class of technology Identification number (phone#) Personal relationship --- End Nodes --- Real-time Knowledgebase Device type Model Capacity Size Fixed / Variable Location Current operational Status Maintenance Schedule Capability Consumer preferences... Concerns Availability Device upgrades Safety Consumer changes e.g. devices, controls Change notifications (utility & customer) Access to premise/equipment for maintenance Utility impact (or blame) on durability life cycle Taking responsibility for the success of processes Size and maintenance of the knowledgebase... 6

4 At some point a message is: sent on behalf of a utility / grid / market entity received on behalf of a load consuming entity Utility / What is between the end points?? Where is the origination point for a utility/grid message? What IS the end point? An appliance? A component (e.g. pump)? A house? A community? A Home Area Network (HAN)? An aggregator? A Distributed Energy Resource? 7 At some point a message is: sent on behalf of a utility / grid / market entity received on behalf of a load consuming entity Utility / Customer Systems? Originator / Signaler Utility entity Peak management Distribution response entity Capacity resource Ancillary Services Markets Recipient / Realizer HAN/Gateway Aggregator / Coordinator undefined size undefined location End use device (P2D) Any customer interface Any device interface 8

5 Work continues at multiple points in the end-to-end path Utility / Customer Systems? ADDRESS Zigbee Smart Energy Profile Homeplug Lonmark OASIS OpenADR OpenADE BacNet PAPs Etc 9 Considerations in controlling remote devices Utility / End Nodes Energy Management? Coordination Device Management This is the End Node From the perspective Of the This is the From the perspective Of the end node 10

6 Area of focus Utility / End Nodes Energy Management? Coordination Device Management This is the End Node From the perspective Of the This is the From the perspective Of the end node 11 Editorial Comment We are moving from interactive to transactive. As devices get more intelligent, the grid can move away from centralized control over each device. We won t need a Giant Brain in the Sky capable of talking to and commanding millions of devices. Instead, we can get by with a central resource controller that keeps those smart devices informed about what is going and gives them incentives for the behavior it wants. Jesse Berst 12

7 We have to separate the physical devices from their respective characteristics Characteristics If we get what we ask for we don t need to care if it s one specific type of product, or even a dynamic changing mix of resources. DR / DER What Characteristics and corresponding assumptions qualify a device or system as a Distributed Energy Resource? 13 DER Characteristics are the Key Since we target capabilities in lieu of specific physical end node devices, these become virtual, thus the term Virtual End Node () DER Device Definition Characteristics Producer / Consumer (e.g. load or generation) Response times #Watts Persistent / Variable Operational states of the device Duration of resource response etc... 14

8 Calling on the resources by the characteristics offered Calling for an energy response? Motivation may include: Peak load issues Economic Reliability Eco-friendly drivers Resource Energy Coordinator is viewed & accessed as a Resource Virtual End Node 15 These 2 basic constructs (logical components) enable a flexible and scalable system Resource Energy Coordinator is viewed & accessed as a single Resource Virtual End Node A Resource Energy Coordinator () directs energy resources at the grid end nodes via common deviceindependent communications with one or more s. A Virtual End Node () is able to receive/unpack the electronic messages and impact energy as appropriate. A Virtual End Node () can also act as a directing the response of subordinate s. 16

9 Enables a flexible hierarchy (as noted by OASIS EnergyInterop Technical Committee) 17 Recursive definition of a Virtual End Node () Viewed / accessed as a single Resource A Resource Energy Coordinator is a single point of contact providing energy resources to the Entity. Abstracted Elements May direct one or more objects s Note: The does not have knowledge or control of any internal components of a 18

10 Abstraction of a Virtual End Node () A Virtual End Node, provides smart grid services to a Resource Energy Coordinator. Viewed / accessed as a single Resource May Direct one or more objects Proprietary Resource Access Proprietary Resource Access 19 Single point of entry from the grid & market entities 20

11 Detail beyond the single point of entry is abstracted Abstracted Elements s s 21 Example of the flexibility in how resources are presented by manufacturers and integrators Abstracted Elements 22

12 Enables Independent product development ANY manufacturer can design products, systems, buildings and communities that are smart-grid enabled via the same infrastructure Smart grid enabled products not at risk of obsolescence Interoperability achieved while maintaining program / region independence Variety of configurations enabled including Home Area Network, Price or Time Based programs, Community Controllers, Control by Substation s s 23 Path to independent development of Smart products Standards roadmap development & working groups Independent Product Development The sweet spot enabled by OPEN STANDARDS SMEs, SDO, PAPs & working groups determine the information that needs to be exposed Open method / protocols established Converging to standards DER Protocols - Enabled Products 24

13 How do we check our architecture? A few example questions: Can a new smart grid enabled product be implemented independently, connected to the SG, and discovered seamlessly? Will the system easily accommodate a DER technology that improves significantly over time? What if a resource degrades over time? Can we easily move or re link a product or system ( or ) to another location, connection, or program? Can a vendor combine a variable renewable resource with some other stabilizing technology and present it to the grid as a single unit? 25 Download at Product number EPRI White Paper: Concepts to Enable Advancement of Distributed Energy Resources

14 Together Shaping the Future of Electricity 27