The TOP500 Project of the Universities Mannheim and Tennessee

Transcription

1 The TOP500 Project of the Universities Mannheim and Tennessee Hans Werner Meuer University of Mannheim EURO-PAR August September 2000 Munich/Germany

2 Outline TOP500 Approach HPC-Market as of 06/2000 Market Trends, Architecture Trends, Technology Trends WWW Service for TOP500 Future of TOP5000

3 Supercomputer and TOP500 What is a Supercomputer? 1980 s (early) - Vector computers - One main application area numerical, scientific and engineering Mannheim Supercomputer Statistics 1990 s -?

4 TOP500 Idea Assemble list of the XXX most powerful computers in the World and define them as Supercomputer Update as needed The problem is now shifted from defining Supercomputer to powerful Define powerful with a benchmark result

5 Linpack Benchmark measuring the solution of a dense system of linear equations Features: Most widely used benchmark on large systems Favors large memory Performance increases with problem size Not very sensitive to network performance No I/O! Still much better than peak performance

6 TOP500 Procedure Assemble list of the 500 most powerful computers in the World Yardstick for performance: Rmax of the LINPACK Updated twice a year: June at Supercomputer in Mannheim November at SCxx in USA Widely accepted after 15 editions

7 TOP500 Authors - Started in spring 1993 by: Hans W. Meuer and Erich Strohmaier - First list published in 6/93 together with Jack Dongarra

8 TOP500 Benefits - Basis for analysing the HCP market - Quantification of observations - Detection of trends market, architecture, technology

9 TOP500 Status 1. List in June 1993 Accepted by Users and Manufacturers 15. List on June 8, 2000

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11 TOP500 list - Data shown Manufacturer Manufacturer or vendor Computer Type indicated by manufacturer or vendor Inst. Site Customer Location Location and country Year Year of installation/last major update Field of Appl. Academic,Research,Industry,Vendor,Class. # Proc. Number of processors R max Maxmimal LINPACK performance achieved R peak Theoretical peak performance N max Problemsize for achieving R max N 1/2 Problemsize for achieving half of R max N world Position within the TOP500 ranking

12 TOP10 06/2000 RANK MANU- FACTURER COMPUTER RMAX [TF/S] INSTALLATION SITE 1 Intel ASCI Red 2.38 Sandia National Labs Albuquerque 2 IBM ASCI Blue- Pacific SST, IBM SP 604E 3 SGI ASCI Blue Mountain 4 IBM SP Power3 375 MHz 2.14 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory COUNTRY YEAR AREA OF INSTALLATION # PROC USA 1999 Research 9632 USA 1999 Research Los Alamos National Lab USA 1998 Research IBM/Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) IBM/Poughkeepsie 5 Hitachi SR8000-F Leibniz Rechenzentrum, Munic 6 Hitachi SR8000-F High Energy Accelerator Research Organization/ KEK, Tsukuba USA 2000 Vendor/Research 1336 Germany 2000 Academic 112 Japan 2000 Research Cray Inc. T3E Government USA 1998 Classified Cray Inc. T3E US Army HPC Research Center at NCS, Minneapolis USA 2000 Research Hitachi SR University of Tokyo Japan 1999 Academic Cray Inc. T3E Government USA 1997 Classified 1324

13 TOP10 in Europe 06/2000 RANK (EUROPE) RANK (WORLD) 1 5 Hitachi MANU- FACTURER COMPUTER SR8000- F1/112 RMAX [GF/S] 2 14 Cray Inc. T3E INSTALLATION SITE COUNTRY YEAR AREA OF INSTALLATION 1035 Leibniz Rechenzentrum Germany 2000 Academic CSAR at the University of Manchester UK 2000 Academic 3 15 Cray Inc. T3E Deutscher Wetterdienst Germany 1999 Research 4 18 Cray Inc. T3E Cray Inc. T3E Cray Inc. T3E Cray Inc. T3E 355 United Kingdom Meteorological Office United Kingdom Meteorological Office Forschungszentrum Juelich (FZJ) Max-Planck-Gesellschaft MPI/IPP UK 1997 Research UK 1999 Research Germany 1999 Research Germany 1997 Research 8 38 Fujitsu VPP5000/ ECMWF UK 1999 Research 9 39 Cray Inc. T3E HWW/ Universität Stuttgart Germany 1996 Industry Fujitsu VPP5000/ Meteo-France France 1999 Research

14 Outline TOP500 Approach HPC-Market as of 06/2000 Market Trends, Architecture Trends, Technology Trends WWW Service for TOP500 Future of TOP5000

15 Systems installed Japan 12% Others 4% USA 54% Europe 30% Total: /2000

16 Rmax installed Japan 15% Others 3% USA 58% Europe 24% 06/2000 Total: 64,3 Tflops

17 Austr./Suisse Benelux Germany France UK Italy Scandin. 06/ % 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Number of systems installed in Europe Total: 150

18 Performance Statistics - Countries USA Japan Germany France UK Scandinavia Switzerland New Zealand Luxembourg Kflops per inhabita 06/2000

19 Germany - Bundesländer # Systems 5 0 Baden-Württemberg Bayern Berlin Bremen Hessen Niedersachsen Nordrhein-Westfalen Rheinland-Pfalz 06/2000

20 Self Made SUN 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Manufacturers Total: 500 Cray Inc. Fujitsu Hitachi IBM Intel NEC SGI Compaq HP 06/2000

21 Outline TOP500 Approach HPC-Market as of 06/2000 Market Trends, Architecture Trends, Technology Trends WWW Service for TOP500 Future of TOP5000

22 Performance Development 100 Tflop/s 10 Tflop/s 1 Tflop/s 100 Gflop/s 10 Gflop/s 1 Gflop/s 100 Mflop/s TF/s 59.7 GF/s Intel XP/S140 Sandia 0.4 GF/s SNI VP200EX Uni Dresden Jun-93 Nov-93 Cray Y-MP M94 KFA Jülich Jun-94 Nov-94 Fujitsu 'NWT' NAL Cray Y-MP C94 'EPA' USA Jun-95 Nov-95 Jun-96 SUM N=1 Hitachi/Tsukuba CP-PACS/2048 N=500 SGI POWER CHALLANGE GOODYEAR Sun Ultra HPC 1000 News International Intel ASCI Red Sandia Nov-96 Jun-97 Nov-97 Sun HPC Merril Lynch Intel ASCI Red Sandia SGI T3E900/38 CIEMAT Jun-98 Nov-98 Jun-99 Nov-99 Jun TF/s 2.38 TF/s Intel ASCI Red Sandia 43.8 GF/s Sun HPC MHz/64 EDS Plano

23 Nov-99 Jun-00 Jun-99 Nov Continents others Japan Europe USA/Canada Nov-95 Jun-96 Nov-96 Jun-97 Nov-97 Jun-98 Jun-95 Nov-94 Jun-94 Jun-93 Nov-93

24 Jun-00 Nov Europe - Countries others Switzerland Benelux Scandinavia France UK Germany Nov-94 Jun-95 Nov-95 Jun-96 Nov-96 Jun-97 Nov-97 Jun-98 Nov-98 Jun-99 Jun-94 Jun-93 Nov-93

25 Nov-99 Jun-00 Nov-98 Jun Producers Europe Japan USA Nov-95 Jun-96 Nov-96 Jun-97 Nov-97 Jun-98 Jun-95 Nov-94 Jun-94 Jun-93 Nov-93

26 HPC Manufacturers from 1980 to 2000 / / / Cray Cray Computer SGI CDC/ETA Fujitsu NEC Hitachi Convex/HP TMC Intel ncube Alliant FPS Meiko Parsytec MasPar DEC/Compaq KSR IBM Sun Fujitsu Siemens

27 others Intel TMC Cray Manufacturers "Japan Inc" IBM SGI Convex/HP Sun Nov-99 Jun-00 Jun-99 Nov-95 Jun-96 Nov-96 Jun-97 Nov-97 Jun-98 Nov-98 Nov-94 Jun-95 Jun-94 Jun-93 Nov-93

28 Manufacturers - Performance Cray IBM "Japan Inc" SGI Sun Intel Convex/HP TMC others Jun 93 Jun 94 Jun 95 Jun 96 Jun 97 Jun 98 Jun 99 Jun Performance [GFlop/s

29 Nov 99 Jun 00 Jun Customer Types Vendor Classified Academic Industry Research Jun 95 Nov 95 Jun 96 Nov 96 Jun 97 Nov 97 Jun 98 Nov 98 Nov 94 Jun 94 Jun 93 Nov 93

30 Customer Types - Performance Research Industry Academic Classified Vendor 10 Jun-93 Jun-94 Jun-95 Jun-96 Jun-97 Jun-98 Jun-99 Jun-00 Performance [GFlop/s]

31 Applications in Industry unknown commercial engineering Jun-94 Nov-94 Jun-95 Nov-95 Jun-96 Nov-96 Jun-97 Nov-97 Jun-98 Nov-98 Jun-99 Nov-99 Jun-00 Jun-93 Nov-93

32 Processor Types

33 Chip Technology I

34 Chip Technology II

35 Architectures

36 Outline TOP500 Approach HPC-Market as of 06/2000 Market Trends, Architecture Trends, Technology Trends WWW Service for TOP500 Future of TOP5000

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40 Outline TOP500 Approach HPC-Market as of 06/2000 Market Trends, Architecture Trends, Technology Trends WWW Service for TOP500 Future of TOP5000

41 Performance and Moore's Law 1 TFlop/s ASCI Red TMC CM-5 Cray T3D 1 GFlop/s TMC CM-2 Cray 2 Cray X-MP Cray 1 1 MFlop/s CDC 6600 CDC 7600 IBM 360/195 IBM KFlop/s UNIVAC 1 EDSAC based on R. W. Hockney

42 Performance Development Sum N=1 10 N=10 N=500 0,1 Jun 93 Nov 93 Jun 94 Nov 94 Jun 95 Nov 95 Jun 96 Nov 96 Jun 97 Nov 97 Jun 98 Nov 98 Jun 99 Nov 99 Jun 00 Performance [GFlop/s]

43 Performance Development 1 PFlop/s 100 TFlop/s ASCI 10 TFlop/s Sum Earth Simulator 1 TFlop/s 100 GFlop/s N=1 10 GFlop/s N=10 1 GFlop/s 100 MFlop/s N=500 Jun 93 Jun 94 Jun 95 Jun 96 Jun 97 Jun 98 Jun 99 Jun 00 Jun 01 Jun 02 Jun 03 Jun 04 Jun 05

44 Status of HPC Benchmarking There is no agreed benchmark set for HPC systems Linpack and NAS Parallel Benchmarks (NPB) are the only recent candidates System capabilities vary quite tremendously over time due to Moore s Law scalability problem

45 Status of Linpack Pure CPU benchmark Not sensitive to memory issues - but dependant on memory size Over-optimized compared to real applications Scalable over wide range slowly approaching its limits!

46 New Approach IDC 2000 Benchmark (Earl Joseph II) IDC Forum Mountain View, July 24-25, 2000 Erich Strohmaier: A new benchmark suite must be simple enough to be usable and maintainable, complex enough to reflect the influences of all system attributes of interest, and scalable to utizile resources in a variety of system sites.

47 Thank you! The PowerPoint slides of this presentation may be accessed via URL: