Presentation of the 16th List
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1 Presentation of the 16th List Hans- Werner Meuer, University of Mannheim Erich Strohmaier, University of Tennessee Jack J. Dongarra, University of Tennesse Horst D. Simon, NERSC/LBNL SC2000, Dallas, TX, November 4-10, 2000 BoF Session, November 8, 5:30pm
2 TOP500 BoF Presentation of the 16th Top500 List TOP500 Background Information and general Market Overview. Geographical Distribution Manufacturers Performance Development Architectures, Technology Future TOP500 Ideas and Plans
3 TOP500 Motivation Basis for analysing the HPC market Quantification of observations Detection of trends Market Architecture Technology
4 TOP500 - Listing of the 500 most powerful Computers in the World - Yardstick: Rmax from LINPACK MPP Ax=b, dense problem TPP perform ance - Updated twice a year Size SC xy in the States in November Meeting in Mannheim, Germany in June - All data available from Rate
5 Fastest Computer Over Time GFlop/s Cray Y-MP (8) Fujitsu VP-2600 TMC CM-2 (2048) Year In 1980 a computation that took 1 full year to complete can now be done in 1 month!
6 GFlop/s Cray Y-MP (8) Fastest Computer Over Time Fujitsu VP-2600 TMC CM-2 (2048) NEC SX-3 (4) Fujitsu VPP-500 (140) TMC CM-5 (1024) Intel Paragon (6788) Hitachi CP-PACS (2040) Year In 1980 a computation that took 1 full year to complete can now be done in 4 days!
7 GFlop/s Cray Y-MP (8) Fastest Computer Over Time Fujitsu VP-2600 TMC CM-2 (2048) NEC SX-3 (4) TMC CM-5 (1024) Fujitsu VPP-500 (140) Intel Paragon (6788) Intel ASCI Red (9152) Hitachi CP-PACS (2040) ASCI White Pacific (7424) ASCI Blue Pacific SST (5808) SGI ASCI Blue Mountain (5040) In 1980 a computation that took 1 full year to complete can today be done in 1 hour! Intel ASCI Red Xeon (9632) Year
8 TOP500 Authors - Started in spring 1993 by: Hans W. Meuer and Erich Strohmaier - Author since 6/1993 and 11/2000 Jack Dongarra Horst Simon
9 TOP500 Status 1. List in June 1993 Accepted by users and manufacturers 16. List on November 2, 2000
10
11 TOP500 list - Data shown Manufacturer Manufacturer or vendor Computer Type indicated by manufacturer or vendor Installation Site Customer Location Location and country Year Year of installation/last major update Customer Segment Academic,Research,Industry,Vendor,Class. # Processors Number of processors R max Maxmimal LINPACK performance achieved R peak Theoretical peak performance N max Problemsize for achieving R max N 1/2 Problemsize for achieving half of R max N world Position within the TOP500 ranking
12 Rank Manufacturer Computer 1 IBM ASCI White SP Power3 R max [TF/s] TOP10 Installation Site 4.93 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Country Year Area of Installation # Proc USA 2000 Research Intel ASCI Red 2.38 Sandia National Laboratory USA 1999 Research IBM ASCI Blue Pacific SST, IBM SP 604E 4 SGI ASCI Blue Mountain 5 IBM SP Power3 375Mhz 6 IBM SP Power3 375Mhz 2.14 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 1.61 Los Alamos National Laboratory 1.42 Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) 1.18 National Centers for Environmental Predicition USA 1999 Research 5808 USA 1998 Research 6144 USA 2000 Research 1336 USA 2000 Research Hitachi SR8000-F Leibniz Rechenzentrum Germany 2000 Academic IBM SP Power3 375MHz 8way 0.93 San Diego Supercomputer Center 9 Hitachi SR8000-F High Energy Accelerator Research Organization/ KEK USA 2000 Academic 1152 Japan 2000 Research Cray Inc. T3E Government USA 1998 Classified 1084
13 Rank Manufacturer Computer 1 IBM ASCI White SP Power3 R max [TF/s] TOP10 Installation Site 4.93 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Country Year Area of Installation # Proc USA 2000 Research Intel ASCI Red 2.38 Sandia National Laboratory USA 1999 Research IBM ASCI Blue Pacific SST, IBM SP 604E 4 SGI ASCI Blue Mountain 5 IBM SP Power3 375Mhz 6 IBM SP Power3 375Mhz 2.14 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 1.61 Los Alamos National Laboratory 1.42 Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) 1.18 National Centers for Environmental Predicition USA 1999 Research 5808 USA 1998 Research 6144 USA 2000 Research 1336 USA 2000 Research Hitachi SR8000-F Leibniz Rechenzentrum Germany 2000 Academic IBM SP Power3 375MHz 8way 0.93 San Diego Supercomputer Center 9 Hitachi SR8000-F High Energy Accelerator Research Organization/ KEK USA 2000 Academic 1152 Japan 2000 Research Cray Inc. T3E Government USA 1998 Classified 1084
14 Architectures SIMD CM5 CM2 Y-MP C90 Paragon Constellation CluMPs Cluster - NOW T3D MPP SP2 T3E Cluster of Sun HPC ASCI Red SX3 Single Processor VP500 SMP Sun HPC Jun-94 Nov-94 Jun-95 Nov-95 Jun-96 Nov-96 Jun-97 Nov-97 Jun-98 Nov-98 Jun-99 Nov-99 Jun-00 Nov-00 Jun-93 Nov-93
15 Excerpt from TOP500 Rank Manufacturer Computer Rmax [GF/s] Installation Site Country Year Area of Installation # Proc 80 IBM LosLobos 237 University of New Mexico USA 2000 Academic Self-made Cplant Cluster 232 Sandia Nationla Lab USA 1999 Research HPTi ACL NOAA USA 1999 Research Self-made CLIC PIII 143 Technical University of Chemnitz Germany 2000 Academic 528
16 Hans
17 Performance Development 100 Tflop/s 10 Tflop/s 1 Tflop/s 100 Gflop/s 10 Gflop/s 1 Gflop/s 100 Mflop/s TF/s 59.7 GF/s Intel XP/S140 Sandia 0.4 GF/s SNI VP200EX Uni Dresden Jun-93 Nov-93 Jun-94 Fujitsu 'NWT' NAL SUM N=1 Hitachi/Tsukuba CP-PACS/2048 N=500 Nov-94 Jun-95 Nov-95 Jun-96 Nov-96 Jun-97 Nov-97 Jun-98 Intel ASCI Red Sandia Nov-98 Jun-99 Nov-99 Jun-00 Nov TF/s 4.94 TF/s IBM ASCI White LLNL 55.1 GF/s IBM SP PC604e 130 processors Alcatel
18 Performance Development Sum N=1 Jun-93 Nov-93 Jun-94 Nov-94 Jun-95 Nov-95 Jun-96 Nov-96 Jun-97 Nov-97 Jun-98 Nov-98 Jun-99 Nov-99 Jun-00 Nov-00 N=10 N=100 N=500 Performance [GFlop/s]
19 Performance Development Sum N=1 N=10 10 N=100 N= Jun-93 Nov-93 Jun-94 Nov-94 Jun-95 Nov-95 Jun-96 Nov-96 Jun-97 Nov-97 Jun-98 Nov-98 Jun-99 Nov-99 Jun-00 Nov-00 Performance [GFlop/s]
20 Performance Development ASCI PFlop/s 100 TFlop/s Earth Simulator 10 TFlop/s Sum 1 TFlop/s 100 GFlop/s N=1 10 GFlop/s N=10 N=100 1 GFlop/s 100 MFlop/s N=500 Jun-93 Jun-94 Jun-95 Jun-96 Jun-97 Jun-98 Jun-99 Jun-00 Jun-01 Jun-02 Jun-03 Jun-04 Jun-05
21 Jun-00 Nov-00 Jun-99 Nov Continents others Japan Europe USA/Canada Nov-95 Jun-96 Nov-96 Jun-97 Nov-97 Jun-98 Nov-98 Jun-95 Nov-94 Jun-94 Jun-93 Nov-93
22 Continents - Performance 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% other Japan Europe USA/Canada Jun-93 Nov-93 Jun-94 Nov-94 Jun-95 Nov-95 Jun-96 Nov-96 Jun-97 Nov-97 Jun-98 Nov-98 Jun-99 Nov-99 Jun-00 Nov-00 Performance
23 Jun-00 Nov Europe - Countries others Switzerland Benelux Scandinavia France UK Germany Nov-94 Jun-95 Nov-95 Jun-96 Nov-96 Jun-97 Nov-97 Jun-98 Nov-98 Jun-99 Nov-99 Jun-94 Jun-93 Nov-93
24 Jun-00 Nov-00 Jun-99 Nov-99 Nov Producers Europe Japan USA Nov-95 Jun-96 Nov-96 Jun-97 Nov-97 Jun-98 Jun-95 Nov-94 Jun-94 Jun-93 Nov-93
25 Producers - Performance 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Europe Japan USA Jun-93 Nov-93 Jun-94 Nov-94 Jun-95 Nov-95 Jun-96 Nov-96 Jun-97 Nov-97 Jun-98 Nov-98 Jun-99 Nov-99 Jun-00 Nov-00 Performance
26 others Intel TMC Cray Manufacturer NEC Hitachi Fujitsu IBM SGI Convex/HP Sun Nov-99 Jun-00 Nov-00 Jun-99 Nov-95 Jun-96 Nov-96 Jun-97 Nov-97 Jun-98 Nov-98 Jun-94 Nov-94 Jun-95 Nov-93 Jun-93
27 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% others Intel TMC Cray Manufacturer NEC Fujitsu Hitachi IBM SGI Convex/HP Sun Jun-00 Nov-00 Jun-99 Nov-99 Jun-95 Nov-95 Jun-96 Nov-96 Jun-97 Nov-97 Jun-98 Nov-98 Nov-93 Jun-94 Nov-94 Jun-93 Performance
28 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% others Intel TMC Cray Manufacturer Hitachi NEC Fujitsu IBM SGI Convex/HP Sun Jun-00 Nov-00 Jun-99 Nov-99 Jun-95 Nov-95 Jun-96 Nov-96 Jun-97 Nov-97 Jun-98 Nov-98 Nov-93 Jun-94 Nov-94 Jun-93 Integrated Performance
29
30 Horst
31 Kflops per Inhabitant USA Scandinavia Germany UK Japan Switzerland France New Zealand Luxembourg
32 Jun-00 Nov-00 Nov Customer Type Vendor Classified Academic Industry Research Jun-95 Nov-95 Jun-96 Nov-96 Jun-97 Nov-97 Jun-98 Nov-98 Jun-99 Nov-94 Jun-94 Jun-93 Nov-93
33 Customer Types - Performance 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Vendor Classified Academic Industry Research Jun-93 Nov-93 Jun-94 Nov-94 Jun-95 Nov-95 Jun-96 Nov-96 Jun-97 Nov-97 Jun-98 Nov-98 Jun-99 Nov-99 Jun-00 Nov-00 Performance
34 Industrial Customer Segments Unknown 100 Commercial 50 Engineering 0 Jun-93 Nov-93 Jun-94 Nov-94 Jun-95 Nov-95 Jun-96 Nov-96 Jun-97 Nov-97 Jun-98 Nov-98 Jun-99 Nov-99 Jun-00 Nov-00
35 Jun-00 Nov-00 Nov SIMD Processor Type Vektor Scalar Jun-95 Nov-95 Jun-96 Nov-96 Jun-97 Nov-97 Jun-98 Nov-98 Jun-99 Jun-94 Nov-94 Jun-93 Nov-93
36 Jun-00 nov000 Nov ECL Chip Technology CMOS/ proprietary CMOS/ off the shelf Jun-95 Nov-95 Jun-96 Nov-96 Jun-97 Nov-97 Jun-98 Nov-98 Jun-99 Jun-94 Nov-94 Jun-93 Nov-93
37 Jun-00 Nov Chip Technology proprietary other COTS SUN MIPS HP Power intel Alpha Jun-94 Nov-94 Jun-95 Nov-95 Jun-96 Nov-96 Jun-97 Nov-97 Jun-98 Nov-98 Jun-99 Nov-99 Jun-93 Nov-93
38 TOP Centers Two approaches (No classified centers): Sum up all TOP500 systems for each site Snapshot only Try on historical perspective: Sum up all systems over all lists * 0.5 years = Total deliverable Linpack flop years This give a discounted credit for history
39 TOP10 Centers - snap-shot Rank Site R max [TF/S] Current Best Country 1 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 7.7 1, 3, 32, 36 USA 2 Sandia National Laboratory , 408 USA 3 Los Alamos National Laboratory , 19, 401 USA 4 Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) , 21, 326 USA 5 US Army Research Laboratory (ARL) , 138, , 424, 425 USA 6 Charles Schwab , 34 USA 7 ECMWF , 90, 214 UK 8 National Center for Environmental Prediction USA 9 Leibniz Rechenzentrum , 196 Germany 10 University of Tokyo , 85 Japan
40 TOP10 Centers - integrated Rank Site t*r max [TFYears] Current Best Country 1 Sandia National Laboratory 8.0 2, 408 USA 2 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 7.5 1, 3, 32, 36 USA 3 Los Alamos National Laboratory 6.4 4, 19, 401 USA 4 University of Tokyo , 85 Japan 5 Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) 2.9 5, 21, 326 USA 6 United Kingdom Meteorological Office , 29 UK 7 Forschungszentrum Juelich (FZJ) , 83 Germany 8 NERSC/LBNL , 60 USA 9 Oak Ridge National Laboratory , 70, 402 USA 10 ECMWF , 90, 214 UK
41 Performance Distribution 5 Performance [TFlop/s] Rank
42 Cumulative Performance Performance [TFlops] Rank 1/2 88 TF/s Rank
43 Performance Distribution Rank of 1/2 TOP500 Performance Jun-93 Nov-93 Jun-94 Nov-94 Jun-95 Nov-95 Jun-96 Nov-96 Jun-97 Nov-97 Jun-98 Nov-98 Jun-99 Nov-99 Jun-00 Nov-00
44 Erich
45 What s new with the TOP500? HPL: High Performance Linpack Antoine Petitet and Clint Whaley, ICL, UTK icl.cs.utk.edu/hpl Needs only MPI BLAS or VSIPL Highly scalable and efficient for the whole range of system sizes we see
46 What s new with the TOP500? New database interface at More categories and variables to select or list experimental cross-linked lists Ad s corner (Ad Emmen) Architecture descriptions (Aad van der Steen)
47 What s next with the TOP500? What s now? New application areas of Supercomputers New architectures for Supercomputers Self-made systems
48 Implications Commercial DB systems don t care about floating point New architectures - compute farms not designed to run Linpack Self-made cluster no vendor to measure Linpack every system is different
49 TOP500 Plans Talks with experts since 3 years on how to resolve these issues Q: How can we provide better information for different application and architecture domains? A: Make additional lists
50 TOP500 Plans Keep current TOP500 Continuity, trends, 16 existing editions 17th: Supercomputer 2001 Mannheim/Heidelberg, Germany, June 21-23, 2001 The current TOP500 will remain center of future activities
51 TOP500 Plans Assemble additional lists for special purposes - first try: TOP100 (commodity) cluster Jointly with TFCC But what is a cluster??? Which benchmark? Initially without
52 TOP500 Plans Collaborate with research centers (NERSC, ICL,...) which develop new benchmarks Feedback about benchmarks TOP500.org will provide free access to benchmark results and possibilities for re-ranking
53 TOP500 Future Right now in development: New DB design with direct user input Site centric instead of system centric Set up for multiple benchmarks Access to detailed architecture information All searchable and cross-link-able To facilitate more research about results
54 TOP500 Future Eventually: Hierarchical structure Master List (current TOP500?) Domain specific sub-lists ranked differently Historical information about systems Access to benchmark and architecture information
55 Unused
56 Performance Distribution #n (1-10) Fraction of TOP500 Performance Jun-94 Nov-94 Jun-95 Nov-95 Jun-96 Nov-96 Jun-97 Nov-97 Jun-98 Nov-98 Jun-99 Nov-99 Jun-00 Nov-00 Jun-93 Nov-93
57 Linpack Efficiency Vector All Scalar SIMD Jun-00 Nov-00 Jun-94 Nov-94 Jun-95 Nov-95 Jun-96 Nov-96 Jun-97 Nov-97 Jun-98 Nov-98 Jun-99 Nov-99 Jun-93 Nov-93
58 Processor Performance Vector Scalar Nov-93 Jun-94 Nov-94 Jun-95 Nov-95 Jun-96 Nov-96 Jun-97 Nov-97 Jun-98 Nov-98 Jun-99 Nov-99 Jun-00 Nov-00 Jun-93 Peak Performance [GFlop/s]
59 Nov Processor Performance Moore's Law Scalar Vector Jun-94 Nov-94 Jun-95 Nov-95 Jun-96 Nov-96 Jun-97 Nov-97 Jun-98 Nov-98 Jun-99 Nov-99 Jun-00 Nov-93 Jun-93 Relative Peak Performance
60 Processors per System Scalar Vector Sampling artifacts! Jun-00 Nov-00 Jun-94 Nov-94 Jun-95 Nov-95 Jun-96 Nov-96 Jun-97 Nov-97 Jun-98 Nov-98 Jun-99 Nov-99 Nov-93 Jun-93 Processsors per System
61 Performance per System Moore's Law Scalar Vector Sampling artifacts! Nov-93 Jun-94 Nov-94 Jun-95 Nov-95 Jun-96 Nov-96 Jun-97 Nov-97 Jun-98 Nov-98 Jun-99 Nov-99 Jun-00 Nov-00 Jun-93 Relative Performance per System
62 Continents - Performance USA/Canada Japan 100 Europe 10 Jun-93 Nov-93 Jun-94 Nov-94 Jun-95 others Nov-95 Jun-96 Nov-96 Jun-97 Nov-97 Jun-98 Nov-98 Jun-99 Nov-99 Jun-00 Nov-00 Performance [GFlop/s]
63 Producers - Performance USA Japan Europe Jun-94 Nov-94 Jun-95 Nov-95 Jun-96 Nov-96 Jun-97 Nov-97 Jun-98 Nov-98 Jun-99 Nov-99 Jun-00 Nov-00 Jun-93 Nov-93 Performance [GFlop/s]
64 Cray Cray Computer SGI CDC/ETA Fujitsu NEC Hitachi Convex/HP TMC Intel ncube Alliant FPS Meiko Parsytec MasPar DEC/Compaq KSR IBM Sun
65 others Intel TMC Cray Manufacturer "Japan Inc" IBM SGI Convex/HP Sun Jun-00 Nov-00 Nov-99 Jun-99 Nov-95 Jun-96 Nov-96 Jun-97 Nov-97 Jun-98 Nov-98 Jun-94 Nov-94 Jun-95 Jun-93 Nov-93
66 Manufacturer - Performance Cray IBM "Japan Inc" SGI Sun Intel TMC 10 Jun-93 Jun-94 Jun-95 Jun-96 Jun-97 Jun-98 Jun-99 Jun-00 Performance [GFlop/s]
67 Customer Types - Performance Research Industry Academic Classified Vendor 10 Jun-93 Jun-94 Jun-95 Jun-96 Jun-97 Jun-98 Jun-99 Jun-00 Performance [GFlop/s]
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