LABORATORY 1: EXPLORING THE SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE OF THE MICROPROCESSOR
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1 LABORATORY 1: EXPLORING THE SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE OF THE MICROPROCESSOR NAME: STUDENT ID#: Objectives Learn how to: Bring up the DEBUG program. Examine and modify the contents of the s code internal registers. Examine and modify the contents of the s code, data, and stack segments of memory. Calculate the physical address of storage locations in the memory address space. Examine the contents of the dedicated parts of the s memory address space. Code assembly language instructions into machine code. Assemble instructions into the memory of the PC. Unassemble machine code instructions stored in memory. Store and load machine code instructions from a diskette. Execute an instruction to determine the operation it performs. Part 1: Loading the DEBUG Program Here we will learn how to bring up the DEBUG program from the keyboard of the PC. The laboratory procedures the follow assume that the PC has a floppy disk driver called A and a hard disk, drive C. It is also assumed that the C:\WINDOWS\system32 directory contains the DEBUG.EXE program and that the path is set to this directory. Check off each step as it is completed. 1. Turn on the PC, enter the DOS operating system emulation environment by executing the program cmd.exe under the C:\WINDOWS\system32 directory. LAB01-1
2 2. Load DEBUG by issuing the command C:\WINDOWS\system32\DEBUG ( ) What prompt do you see on the screen? 3. Return to the DOS operating system by entering the command Q ( ) What prompt is now displayed? Part 2: Examining and Modifying the Contents of the s Internal Registers Now we will use the REGISTER command to first examine the initial contents of the s internal registers and then modify the values in some of the registers and state of the flags. 1. Use the REGISTER command to display the current contents of all of the s internal registers. List the initial values held in CS, DS, and SS.,, Calculate the physical address of the next instruction to be executed. What is the instruction held at this address? Calculate the physical address of the current top of the stack. 2. Enter the command R AH ( ) What happens? 3. Use a REGISTER command to first display the current contents of CX and then change this value to Issue a REGISTER command to first display the current contents of IP and then modify its value to Use the REGISTER command to display the current contents of the flag register and then change the state of the parity flag to represent even parity. 6. What instruction is now pointed to by CS:IP? LAB01-2
3 Part 3: Examining and Modifying the Contents of Memory Next we explore the memory subsystem of the PC and operation of the memory examine/ modify commands provided in the DEBUG program. 1. Use the R command to identify the lowest and highest physical addresses of the code segment, data segment, stack segment, and extra segment. Code segment: lowest address: highest address: Data segment: lowest address: highest address: Stack segment: lowest address: highest address: Extra segment: lowest address: highest address: 2. Use the DUMP command to display the first 256 bytes of the current data segment. 3. Display the next 128 bytes of the code segment starting from the current value of CS:IP with a DUMP command. 4. Use the DUMP command to show the last six words pushed to the stack. 5. With the ENTER command, load the first 16 bytes of the current data segment with the value FF 16. Before terminating the command, verify that the memory contents have been changed by stepping back through the memory locations by depressing the (hyphen) key. 6. Use FILL commands to initialize the 16 storage locations starting at DS:10 with the value and the 16 storage locations starting at address DS:30 with With a MOVE command, copy the contents of the 16 storage locations starting at DS:00 to the 16 storage locations starting at DS: Display the contents of the first 128 bytes of the current data segment with the DUMP command. 9. Use the COMPARE command to compare the contents of the 16 storages locations starting at DS:00 to those starting at DS:10 and those starting at DS: Execute a SEARCH command to determine which storage locations in the range DS:00 through DS:3F contain the value FF 16. LAB01-3
4 Part 4: Exploring the Dedicated Use Part of the s Memory Address Space Here we will determine the contents of a dedicated address space. 1. Change the contents of the DS register to Display the contents of addresses 0:0 through 0:F. 3. Dedicated addresses 0:0 through 0:3 store a pointer for the starting address of the service routine for the divide error interrupt. Use the values displayed in step 2 to calculate the physical address corresponding to this pointer. 4. The pointer that identifies the starting location of the nonmaskable interrupt (NMR) service routine is held in storage locations 0:8 through 0:B. Use the values displayed in step 2 to calculate the physical address represented by this pointer. 5. The overflow interrupt pointer is held at locations 0:10 through 1:13 in memory. Using the values displayed in step 2, calculate the physical address represented by this pointer. Part 5: Coding Instructions in Machine Language Here we will use the general instruction formats of Figure 3-6, and machine language coding tables in Figure 4-2, 4-3, 4-4 of our textbook to convert assembly language instructions into their equivalent machine code. Check off each step as it is completed. 1. Encode each of the instructions that follow into machine code. a. MOV AX, BX b. MOV AX, 0AAAA c. MOV AX, [BX] d. MOV AX, [0004] e. MOV AX, [BX+SI] f. MOV AX, [SI+4] g. MOV AX, [BX+SI+4] LAB01-4
5 2. How many bytes are required to store each of the machine code instructions in step1? a. b. c. d. e. f. g. Part 6: Assembling Instructions and Saving Them into a File on C: Drive Next we will learn how to use the ASSEMBLE command to enter assembly language instructions into the memory of the PC, verify the loading of machine code instructions by disassembling the UNASSEMBLE command, and save the machine code instruction in files on the C: drive. Set up the PC to print all displayed information. 1. Encode each of the instructions that follow into machine code. a. MOV AX, BX; CS:100; C:\INST.1 (That is, assemble the instruction MOV AX, BX at location CS:100 and save in file C:\INST.1) b. MOV AX, 0AAAA; CS:110; C:\INST.2 c. MOV AX, [BX]; CS:120; C:\INST.3 d. MOV AX, [4]; CS:130; C:\INST.4 e. MOV AX, [BX+SI]; CS:140; C:\INST.5 f. MOV AX, [SI+4]; CS:150; C:\INST.6 g. MOV AX, [BX+SI+4]; CS:160; C:\INST.7 LAB01-5
6 Part 7: Loading Instructions from Files for Execution with the Trace Command Next, machine code instructions that were saved on a file on C: drive will be loaded into memory with LOAD commands and their operation will be observed by executing them with the TRACE command. 1. Initialize the internal registers of the as follows: (AX) = (BX) = (CX) = (DX) = (SI) = (DI) = (BP) = Verify the initialization by displaying the new contents of the registers. 2. Fill all memory locations in the range DS:00 through DS:1F with ad then initialize the word storage locations that follow: (DS:0001H) = BBBBH (DS:0004H) = CCCCH (DS:0011H) = DDDDH (DS:0014H) = EEEEH (DS:0016H) = FFFFH 3. For each of the files that follow, reload the instruction that was saved in step 1 of part 6, verify the loading of the instruction, display the contents of the registers and memory locations DS:00 through DS:1F, if necessary, correct the values in BX and CX, and then execute the instruction with the TRACE command. Describe the operation performed by the instruction. a. INST.1 b. INST.2 c. INST.3 d. INST.4 e. INST.5 f. INST.6 g. INST.7 LAB01-6
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