XXXXX XXXX Wind Generation Project

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1 A subsidiary of Pinnacle West Capital Corporation XXXXX XXXX Wind Generation Project XXXX XXXXX XXXXXXX Co., Inc. Interconnection System Impact Study Final Report Prepared By Arizona Public Service Company Transmission Planning January, Prepared by Jason Spitzkoff Jonathan Stahlhut

2 Final Report Interconnection System Impact Study Interconnection Project Q Table of Contents. Executive Summary.... Study Assumptions.... Power Flow Cases.... Study Methodology..... Power Flow Analysis Voltage Flicker Analysis..... Transient Stability Analysis.... Study Results..... Power Flow Voltage Flicker..... Transient Stability..... Mitigation.... Cost and Construction Schedule Estimates.... Siting Discussion For informational purposes only... Appendix A - Contingency List Appendix B - Power Flow Results Appendix C - Power Flow Plots Appendix D Voltage Flicker Results Appendix E - Transient Stability Switching Sequences Appendix F - Transient Stability Modeling Appendix G - Transient Stability Analysis Results Appendix H - Transient Stability Plots Page of

3 Final Report Interconnection System Impact Study Interconnection Project Q. Executive Summary XXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXX Co. Inc. (Customer) plans to interconnect a wind generation project, the XXXX XXXX Wind Generation Project (Project Q), to the Adams Tap-Mural kv line with expected commercial operation in December. An Interconnection Feasibility Study (IFeS) was performed for Project Q. The project has requested Energy Resource (ER) Interconnection Service. Project Q is MW net of wind generation located approximately miles north of the Mural substation in Cochise County, Arizona near the town of Bisbee, Arizona. Project Q is expected to start achieving commercial operation around December, however desire interconnection facilities to be completed by October. In accordance with Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Large Generator Interconnection Procedures (LGIP), APS performed an Interconnection System Impact Study (ISIS). The ISIS determined the following:. Preliminary identification of any thermal overload, voltage limits violations or transient stability violations resulting from the interconnection of the project.. Preliminary identification of any circuit breaker short circuit capability limits exceeded as a result of the interconnection of clustered projects.. Preliminary list of facilities, a non-binding good faith estimate of cost responsibility and a non-binding good faith estimated time to construct facilities necessary to interconnect the projects in the cluster. The power flow results concluded that the addition of MW of generation in the Bisbee area caused thermal overloads on one () facility for selected National Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC)/Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) Category B contingencies. The results of the voltage flicker analysis performed in the power flow study concluded that the potential voltage swings that a wind farm could cause would not create any bus voltage swings outside of APS s criteria. APS determined that a short circuit study would not be required for this project. The APS Technical Projects and Protection, Metering, and Automated Control departments concluded that the characteristics of the wind turbines proposed to be utilized for this project would not add any significant fault current to the system. The transient stability analysis concluded that the WECC transmission system remained stable for all contingency simulations and there were no NERC/WECC criteria violations in the APS or WECC transmission system. For the loss of Western s Apache - Pantano kv line Project Q becomes islanded with the APS load served out of the Mural substation. Project Q will also be islanded with the APS Page of

4 Final Report Interconnection System Impact Study Interconnection Project Q load served out of the Mural substation for the loss of the APS kv line from the Point of Interconnection (POI) to Adams Tap. The project will be required to trip-off for either of those outages. Table shows the upgrade requirements for MW injection levels in the Adams Tap-Mural kv line based on the power flow and transient stability results. This approach shows what upgrades would be required for a given MW injection and simultaneously shows the maximum net generation output allowed for each mitigation component. Table : Upgrade Requirements for MW Injection Levels MW injection into POI kv bus Upgrade Requirements < MW None MW - MW Raise two spans on the Adams Tap-Mural kv line and replace a CT at Adams Tap Disclaimer Nothing in this report constitutes an offer of transmission service or confers upon the Interconnection Customer, any right to receive transmission service. APS and other interconnected utilities may not have the Available Transmission Capacity to support the interconnection described in this report.. Study Assumptions The following general assumptions were used for this study:. Project Q a. Consists of. mw C- Platform Liberty Turbines with a maximum total net output of MW b. Modeled in the power flow case as four MW equivalent generators held at unity power factor c. Interconnected to the Adams Tap Mural kv line through a mile kv line terminating at a three breaker ring bus at the POI. Regional transmission and sub-transmission projects and proposed generation projects that will be operational by were modeled in the power flow cases Figure shows a high level single line diagram of the Q project and the transmission system in the vicinity. Page of

5 Final Report Interconnection System Impact Study Interconnection Project Q Figure : Single Line Diagram Project Q and Vicinity Pantano Adams Tap Apache Western kv Line Point of Interconnection (POI) Sub Boothill Tap Boothill Project Q MW Mural. Power Flow Cases Two () pre-project power flow cases were developed using available Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) base cases.. Heavy Summer Arizona Regional Pre-Project Power Flow Case. Heavy Summer Bulk System Pre-Project Power Flow Case Both cases were derived from the WECC Heavy Summer (hsb) power flow cases dated January,. The Arizona regional power flow case (sm#.sav) includes updated and detailed modeling of the Arizona transmission and sub-transmission system (reviewed and updated by AZ utilities through CATS-EHV) and was used for power flow studies. The bulk system case (hsb_q.sav) includes updated modeling of the Arizona bulk transmission system and the kv sub-transmission system around Bisbee that is served from Mural kv substation. This case was used for transient stability studies. Two () post-project cases were developed from the pre-project cases:. Heavy Summer Arizona Regional Post-Project Power Flow Case with MW modeled at the interconnection point in the Adams Tap Mural kv line. Heavy Summer Bulk System Post-Project Power Flow Case with MW modeled at the interconnection point in the Adams Tap Mural kv line Gila River generation was reduced by MW to balance Arizona resources due to the addition of the proposed project in the post-project power flow cases. Page of

6 Final Report Interconnection System Impact Study Interconnection Project Q. Study Methodology This ISIS consists of power flow and transient stability studies in order to identify a preliminary list of facilities, a non-binding good faith estimate of cost responsibility and a non-binding good faith estimated time to construct facilities necessary to interconnect the projects in the cluster... Power Flow Analysis For normal conditions, automatic transformer taps, SVD s and phase-shifting transformers (PST) were allowed to adjust in solving the power flow cases. For contingency simulations, the power flow analysis considers a snapshot in time where automatic transformer taps and SVD s are allowed to adjust; in addition, a system swing bus balances the system during each contingency scenario. Power flow analysis was performed using the NERC/WECC planning standards. Power flow analysis was used to evaluate thermal and voltage performance of the transmission system for NERC/WECC Category A normal (all elements in-service) conditions and NERC/WECC Category B emergency (one element out of service) conditions. Category A (N-) normal overloads are those that exceed % of normal ratings that occur with all facilities in service. Category B emergency overloads are those that exceed % of emergency ratings that occur due to a Category B contingency. Reported normal thermal loading was limited to the condition where a modeled transmission component was loaded above % of the normal MVA rating (Rating as entered in the power flow case), and the incremental increase in component loading, between pre-project and postproject, exceeded %. Reported emergency thermal loading was limited to the condition where a modeled transmission component was loaded over % of its appropriate emergency MVA rating (Rating as entered in the power flow case), and the incremental increase in component loading, between pre-project and post-project, exceeded %. Reported normal voltage violations were limited to the conditions where per unit (pu) voltages were less than. or greater than.. Reported emergency voltage violations were limited to the conditions where per unit voltages were less than. or greater than.. In addition, only voltage deviations greater than % between the pre and post-contingency and a % increase in voltage deviation between the pre and post-project power flow cases were recorded.... Voltage Flicker Analysis Voltage Flicker analysis is performed by APS for Wind Farm Interconnections. It consists of modeling the wind farm at full output, at % output, at % output, at % output, and at % output. The voltages of all of the buses in the area of the interconnection are then compared across those output ranges and the deviations are calculated. This is an attempt to determine the effect to voltages on the system due to the potential variability of the output of a wind farm. To minimize the impact of wind farm output variations on the customers in the area, a wind farm should not cause a voltage deviation of greater than % on any kv bus. Page of

7 Final Report Interconnection System Impact Study Interconnection Project Q.. Transient Stability Analysis Transient stability analysis is a time-based simulation that assesses the performance of the power system during (and shortly following) a contingency. Transient stability studies were performed to ensure system stability following critical faults on the system. The system is considered stable if the following conditions are met:. All machines in the WECC interconnected system must remain in synchronism as demonstrated by relative rotor angles.. System stability is evaluated based on the damping of the relative rotor angles and the damping of the voltage magnitude swings. a. A stability simulation will be deemed to exhibit positive damping if a line defined by the peaks of the machine relative rotor angle swing curves tends to intersect a second line connecting the valleys of the curves with the passing of time. b. Corresponding lines on bus voltage swing curves will likewise tend to intersect.. Transient voltage dips and duration requirements must meet the criteria of the WECC/NERC Planning Standards.. Study Results.. Power Flow Power flow analysis was performed on the Arizona regional pre-project and post-project cases. The results were compared to determine the impacts caused solely by the addition of the Project and to identify the system reinforcements necessary to mitigate the adverse impacts. Approximately contingencies were applied to the previously described pre- and post-project cases, and the results were compared. Simulated outages were predominantly (though not explicitly limited to) N- outages of transmission lines, transformers or generators connected at voltages kv in Arizona, Area as defined in the power flow cases, located in the electrical vicinity of the Project. A complete listing of all contingencies studied is included in Appendix A. This project does not cause any Category A normal overloads and there was one () facility that has Category B post-project overloads caused by the interconnection of MW of generation in the Adams Tap Mural kv line. Table shows a summary of the Category B overloads. However, there are two outages that require the Project to trip off-line. An outage of the POI Adams Tap kv line or the Apache Pantano kv line would leave the Project islanded with the APS load served in the Bisbee/Tombstone area through the Adams Tap kv line. For those two outages the Project will be required to trip off-line so as to avoid being islanded with a load pocket. There are no breakers at Adams Tap. Western s kv line would trip at the Apache and Pantano ends, therefore islanding the Adams Tap- Mural kv line. Page of

8 Final Report Interconnection System Impact Study Interconnection Project Q Table : Category B Overloads for MW Generation in the Adams Tap - Mural kv line Pre-Project Post-Project Overloaded Element Contingency Description Rating Loading Loading Adams Tap.-POI. POI-Mural kv Line A % % Adams Tap.-POI. POI-Mural kv Line & drop MW A N/A % Adams Tap.-POI. Mural / kv Transformer A % % Adams Tap.-POI. Mural / kv Transformer & drop MW A N/A % Adams Tap.-POI. Mural-San Pedro Tap kv Line A % % Adams Tap.-POI. Mural-San Pedro Tap kv Line & drop MW A N/A % Adams Tap.-POI. San Pedro Tap-Fairview kv Line A % % Adams Tap.-POI. San Pedro Tap-Fairview kv Line & drop MW A N/A % As Table shows, whenever the load served through the Mural / kv transformer drops below MW the Adams Tap-POI kv line will load above its A ( MVA) rating. The values showing the amount of generation that needs to be dropped, in Table., are based upon the loads that are in the study case. In general, the amount of generation injected at the POI cannot exceed MW plus the flow through the Mural / kv transformer. Complete listings of all power flow results and power flow plots are included in Appendix B and Appendix C. All power flow analysis was conducted with version._ of General Electric s PSLF/PSDS/SCSC software.... Voltage Flicker Voltage flicker analysis was performed on the Arizona regional post-project case with the output of Project varied from % to %. The results were compared to determine the impacts caused by the variation of the output of the Project and to identify the system reinforcements necessary to mitigate the adverse impacts. The Project output was studied at % of maximum output ( MW), % output, % output, % output, and % output. Comparing the bus voltages across those output level did not produce any voltage variations beyond APS s criteria. Therefore, there are no system reinforcements that are necessary to mitigate for any adverse impacts. A complete listing of all voltage flicker results is included in Appendix D... Transient Stability Transient stability analysis was performed on the bulk system pre-project and post-project cases. The results were compared to determine the impacts caused solely by the addition of the Project and to identify the system reinforcements, if any, necessary to mitigate the adverse impacts. In the pre-project case the outage would be Adams Tap-Mural, but the outage was taken in the pre-project case for comparison purposes. For this outage in the pre-project, the only load served is at Boothill Tap. Page of

9 Final Report Interconnection System Impact Study Interconnection Project Q Transient stability simulations, with four () cycle clearing, included:. Three-phase fault on Adams- Apache kv line, near Adams. Three-phase fault on Adams- Apache kv line, near Apache. Three-phase fault on Adams- Nogales kv line, near Adams. Three-phase fault on Adams- Nogales kv line, near Nogales. Three-phase fault on Copper Ridge - Mural kv line, near Copper Ridge. Three-phase fault on Copper Ridge - Mural kv line, near Mural. Three-phase fault on Don Luis - Mural kv line, near Don Luis. Three-phase fault on Don Luis - Mural kv line, near Mural. Three-phase fault on Don Luis Palomnas kv line, near Don Luis. Three-phase fault on Don Luis Palomnas kv line, near Palomnas. Three-phase fault on Fairview San Pedro kv line, near Fairview. Three-phase fault on Fairview San Pedro kv line, near San Pedro. Three-phase fault on San Pedro - Mural kv line, near Mural. Three-phase fault on San Pedro - Mural kv line, near San Pedro Switching sequences for the transient stability simulations are included in Appendix E. The duration of each stability simulation run was ten seconds. The transient performance analysis started - cycles after fault clearing and concluded at the end of the simulation. Switching sequences for the transient stability simulations will be included in the final report. The project dynamic model was provided by the IC and consists of a user-written generator model. The Q project dynamic model was provided by the IC and consists of generator, excitation system, power system stabilizer and governor models. Details of both projects machine dynamics are included in Appendix F. The transient stability analysis concluded that the WECC transmission system remained stable for all contingency simulations and there were no NERC/WECC criteria violations in the APS or WECC transmission system. The transmission system was adequately damped and all generators remained synchronized for all transient stability simulations studied. Transient stability worst condition analysis results and plots are included in Appendix G and Appendix H. All transient stability analysis was conducted with version._ of General Electric s PSLF/PSDS/SCSC software... Mitigation Mitigation for the overloaded elements, as described in the power flow results section, was created based on the amount of MW injected at the kv substation at the POI. This approach shows what upgrades would be required for a given MW injection and simultaneously shows the maximum output allowed for each mitigation component. Page of

10 Final Report Interconnection System Impact Study Interconnection Project Q Table shows the upgrade requirements for MW injection levels at the kv substation at the POI based on the power flow results. Table : Upgrade Requirements for MW Injection Levels MW injection into POI kv bus Upgrade Requirements < MW None MW - MW Raise two spans on the Adams Tap-Mural kv line and replace a CT at Adams Tap The Adams Tap - POI kv line only overloads when the load being served through the Mural / kv transformer is less than MW. The Adams Tap Mural kv line is rated at MVA. Due to the load APS serves from the Mural substation, the flow from the output of the Project will split, with some of the flow heading south to the load served out of Mural and the rest of the flow heading north toward Adams Tap. The four outages listed in Table drop enough load in the Bisbee area, which APS serves through the Mural substation, to cause enough of the MW output of the Project to flow toward Adams Tap and overload the Adams Tap POI kv line. Therefore, the Adams Tap POI kv line needs to be upgraded to eliminate any potential overloads, either do to the outages listed or just for an extremely low load scenario in the Bisbee area. The system upgrades that would be required to allow the maximum output of the Project consists of raising two spans on the Adams Tap POI kv line and replacing a DOE metering CT at Adams Tap. These upgrades would be considered system upgrades eligible for Transmission Credits. The Project will be limited to MW if no upgrades are performed. However, if a communications/relay scheme is installed, the Project may be able to output greater than MW without any system upgrades. The project could output MW plus the load being served through the Mural /kv transformer. The load served in the local APS Bisbee system is typically not less than MW, thereby allowing the Project to output its maximum level of MW. However, if an outage occurs on a kv line internal to the local APS Bisbee system or other conditions occur that reduces the load served through Mural below MW, a reduction in the Project output would need to occur. And if an outage on the POI Mural kv line or the Mural / kv transformer occurs the Project would need to reduce its output to MW.. Cost and Construction Schedule Estimates Cost to interconnect will include a new kv substation at the Point of Interconnection on the Adams Tap Mural kv line. The cost of the substation will be for a new three breaker ring bus adjacent to the existing line, but does not include any costs for land that may be required. The interconnection customer will be expected to provide a suitable site for the interconnection substation. Also, a trip scheme will need to be implemented for the Project that will trip the project off-line for the outages of the Adams Tap-POI kv line and/or the Apache-Pantano kv line. Beyond the cost for the interconnection facilities are the costs associated with the system upgrades that would be necessary to achieve the full output of the Project. Cost estimates for Page of

11 Final Report Interconnection System Impact Study Interconnection Project Q system upgrades will include all of the facilities listed in Table.. Costs for the implementation of a Special Protection Scheme (SPS), if that option is chosen, would be developed in the Facility Study. Table : Cost and Construction Estimates for Interconnection Facilities and System Upgrades Estimated Cost Estimated Permitting, Construction, and Procurement Time (months) New Breaker kv ring bus at POI $,, Adams Tap-Mural kv upgrade raise two spans $, Replace CT at Adams Tap $, Total $,, Figure, below, is a more detailed drawing of the interconnection facilities that would be required for Project Q.. Siting Discussion For informational purposes only Based on available information, the project site appears to be located in an area of predominantly state and private land and it is unlikely that any federal National Environmental Policy Act compliance would be required. The proposed MW generating facility and kv transmission line interconnection both necessitate the receipt of a Certificate of Environmental Compatibility (CEC) from the Arizona Corporation Commission (ACC). It is typically the developer s preference as to whether separate CEC Applications are prepared for the plant site and the transmission line or combined into a single Application covering both facilities. Issues such as long-term facility ownership and transferability should be considered in making that determination. Information about the State of Arizona s requirements for CEC Applications and hearings before the Arizona Power Plant and Transmission Line Siting Committee can be found at: Estimated times may vary depending upon the ability to schedule equipment outages. Page of

12 Final Report Interconnection System Impact Study Interconnection Project Q Figure Page of

13 Appendix A CONTINGENCY LIST

14 List of Applied Contingencies: BASECASE CASE ID CASE NAME Q_pre.sav Q- POI - Boothill Tap KV Outage Q_pre.sav Q- ADAMS Tap - Boothill Tap KV Q_pre.sav Q- ADAMS Tap - KV Outage Q_pre.sav Q- ADAMS Tap - KV Outage Q_pre.sav Q- NOGALES - KV Outage Q_pre.sav Q- BUTTERFIELD - KV Outage Q_pre.sav Q- / XMFR Outage Q_pre.sav Q- - SLOAN KV Outage Q_pre.sav Q- - BUTTERFIELD KV Outage Q_pre.sav Q- / XFMR Outage Q_pre.sav Q- / XFMR # Outage Q_pre.sav Q- / XFMR # Outage Q_pre.sav Q- - SAN MANUAL KV LINE Outage Q_pre.sav Q- HAYDENAZ - SAN MANUAL KV LINE Outage Q_pre.sav Q- SAG.WEST - SAN MANUAL KV LINE Outage Q_pre.sav Q- S.BRKRCH - SAN MANUAL KV LINE Outage Q_pre.sav Q- - RED TAIL KV LINE Outage Q_pre.sav Q- - WINCHSTR KV LINE Outage Q_pre.sav Q- /KV XFMR OUTAGE Q_pre.sav Q- - SAN PEDRO TAP KV LINE OUTAGE Q_pre.sav Q- - DON LUIS KV LINE OUTAGE Q_pre.sav Q- FAIRVIEW - SAN PEDRO TAP KV LINE OUTAGE Q_pre.sav Q- PALOMNAS - DON LUIS KV LINE OUTAGE Q_pre.sav Q- SAN PEDRO - SAN PEDRO TAP KV LINE OUTAGE Q_pre.sav Q- POI - Mural KV Outage BASECASE CASE ID CASE NAME Q_post.sav Q- POI - Boothill Tap KV Outage & Drop Q Q_post.sav Q- ADAMS Tap - Boothill Tap KV Outage & Drop Q Q_post.sav Q- ADAMS Tap - KV Outage Q_post.sav Q- ADAMS Tap - KV Outage Q_post.sav Q- NOGALES - KV Outage Q_post.sav Q- BUTTERFIELD - KV Outage Q_post.sav Q- / XMFR Outage Q_post.sav Q- - SLOAN KV Outage Q_post.sav Q- - BUTTERFIELD KV Outage Q_post.sav Q- / XFMR Outage Q_post.sav Q- / XFMR # Outage Q_post.sav Q- / XFMR # Outage Q_post.sav Q- - SAN MANUAL KV LINE Outage Q_post.sav Q- HAYDENAZ - SAN MANUAL KV LINE Outage Q_post.sav Q- SAG.WEST - SAN MANUAL KV LINE Outage Q_post.sav Q- S.BRKRCH - SAN MANUAL KV LINE Outage Q_post.sav Q- - RED TAIL KV LINE Outage

15 Q_post.sav Q- - WINCHSTR KV LINE Outage Q_post.sav Q- /KV XFMR OUTAGE Q_post.sav Q- /KV XFMR OUTAGE & Drop MW Q_post.sav Q- - SAN PEDRO TAP KV LINE OUTAGE Q_post.sav Q- - SAN PEDRO TAP KV LINE OUTAGE & Drop MW Q_post.sav Q- - DON LUIS KV LINE OUTAGE Q_post.sav Q- FAIRVIEW - SAN PEDRO TAP KV LINE OUTAGE Q_post.sav Q- FAIRVIEW - SAN PEDRO TAP KV LINE OUTAGE & Drop MW Q_post.sav Q- PALOMNAS - DON LUIS KV LINE OUTAGE Q_post.sav Q- SAN PEDRO - SAN PEDRO TAP KV LINE OUTAGE Q_post.sav Q- POI - Mural KV Outage Q_post.sav Q- POI - Mural KV Outage & Drop MW

16 Appendix B Power Flow Results

17 Pre-Project Results

18 Q- POI - Boothill Tap KV Outage From Bus Name Base kv To Bus Name Base kv Circuit Section Area Zone Rating Basecase Flow MVA MW MVAR Amps Loading (%) Q- From Bus Name Base kv To Bus Name Base kv Circuit Section Area Zone Rating Basecase Flow MVA MW MVAR Amps Loading (%) Q- From Bus Name Base kv To Bus Name Base kv Circuit Section Area Zone Rating Basecase Flow MVA MW MVAR Amps Loading (%) Q- From Bus Name Base kv To Bus Name Base kv Circuit Section Area Zone Rating Basecase Flow MVA MW MVAR Amps Loading (%) Q- From Bus Name Base kv To Bus Name Base kv Circuit Section Area Zone Rating Basecase Flow MVA MW MVAR Amps Loading (%) Q- From Bus Name Base kv To Bus Name Base kv Circuit Section Area Zone Rating Basecase Flow MVA MW MVAR Amps Loading (%) Q- From Bus Name Base kv To Bus Name Base kv Circuit Section Area Zone Rating Basecase Flow MVA MW MVAR Amps Loading (%) Q- From Bus Name Base kv To Bus Name Base kv Circuit Section Area Zone Rating Basecase Flow MVA MW MVAR Amps Loading (%) Q- From Bus Name Base kv To Bus Name Base kv Circuit Section Area Zone Rating Basecase Flow MVA MW MVAR Amps Loading (%) Q- From Bus Name Base kv To Bus Name Base kv Circuit Section Area Zone Rating Basecase Flow MVA MW MVAR Amps Loading (%) Q- From Bus Name Base kv To Bus Name Base kv Circuit Section Area Zone Rating Basecase Flow MVA MW MVAR Amps Loading (%) Q- From Bus Name Base kv To Bus Name Base kv Circuit Section Area Zone Rating Basecase Flow MVA MW MVAR Amps Loading (%) Q- From Bus Name Base kv To Bus Name Base kv Circuit Section Area Zone Rating Basecase Flow MVA MW MVAR Amps Loading (%) Q- From Bus Name Base kv To Bus Name Base kv Circuit Section Area Zone Rating Basecase Flow MVA MW MVAR Amps Loading (%) Q- From Bus Name Base kv To Bus Name Base kv Circuit Section Area Zone Rating Basecase Flow MVA MW MVAR Amps Loading (%) Q- ADAMS Tap - Boothill Tap KV ADAMS Tap - KV Outage ADAMS Tap - KV Outage NOGALES - KV Outage BUTTERFIELD - KV Outage / XMFR Outage - SLOAN KV Outage - BUTTERFIELD KV Outage / XFMR Outage / XFMR # Outage / XFMR # Outage - SAN MANUAL KV LINE Outage HAYDENAZ - SAN MANUAL KV LINE Outage SAG.WEST - SAN MANUAL KV LINE Outage S.BRKRCH - SAN MANUAL KV LINE Outage From Bus Name Base kv To Bus Name Base kv Circuit Section Area Zone Rating Basecase Flow MVA MW MVAR Amps Loading (%)

19 Q- From Bus Name Base kv To Bus Name Base kv Circuit Section Area Zone Rating Basecase Flow MVA MW MVAR Amps Loading (%) Q- From Bus Name Base kv To Bus Name Base kv Circuit Section Area Zone Rating Basecase Flow MVA MW MVAR Amps Loading (%) Q- From Bus Name Base kv To Bus Name Base kv Circuit Section Area Zone Rating Basecase Flow MVA MW MVAR Amps Loading (%) Q- From Bus Name Base kv To Bus Name Base kv Circuit Section Area Zone Rating Basecase Flow MVA MW MVAR Amps Loading (%) Q- From Bus Name Base kv To Bus Name Base kv Circuit Section Area Zone Rating Basecase Flow MVA MW MVAR Amps Loading (%) Q- From Bus Name Base kv To Bus Name Base kv Circuit Section Area Zone Rating Basecase Flow MVA MW MVAR Amps Loading (%) Q- From Bus Name Base kv To Bus Name Base kv Circuit Section Area Zone Rating Basecase Flow MVA MW MVAR Amps Loading (%) Q- - RED TAIL KV LINE Outage - WINCHSTR KV LINE Outage /KV XFMR OUTAGE - SAN PEDRO TAP KV LINE OUTAGE - DON LUIS KV LINE OUTAGE FAIRVIEW - SAN PEDRO TAP KV LINE OUTAGE PALOMNAS - DON LUIS KV LINE OUTAGE SAN PEDRO - SAN PEDRO TAP KV LINE OUTAGE From Bus Name Base kv To Bus Name Base kv Circuit Section Area Zone Rating Basecase Flow MVA MW MVAR Amps Loading (%) Q- POI - Mural KV Outage From Bus Name Base kv To Bus Name Base kv Circuit Section Area Zone Rating Basecase Flow MVA MW MVAR Amps Loading (%)

20 Post-Project Results

21 Q- From Bus Name Base kv To Bus Name Base kv Circuit Section Area Zone Rating Basecase Flow MVA MW MVAR Amps Loading (%) Q- From Bus Name Base kv To Bus Name Base kv Circuit Section Area Zone Rating Basecase Flow MVA MW MVAR Amps Loading (%) Q- From Bus Name Base kv To Bus Name Base kv Circuit Section Area Zone Rating Basecase Flow MVA MW MVAR Amps Loading (%) Q- From Bus Name Base kv To Bus Name Base kv Circuit Section Area Zone Rating Basecase Flow MVA MW MVAR Amps Loading (%) Q- From Bus Name Base kv To Bus Name Base kv Circuit Section Area Zone Rating Basecase Flow MVA MW MVAR Amps Loading (%) Q- From Bus Name Base kv To Bus Name Base kv Circuit Section Area Zone Rating Basecase Flow MVA MW MVAR Amps Loading (%) Q- From Bus Name Base kv To Bus Name Base kv Circuit Section Area Zone Rating Basecase Flow MVA MW MVAR Amps Loading (%) Q- From Bus Name Base kv To Bus Name Base kv Circuit Section Area Zone Rating Basecase Flow MVA MW MVAR Amps Loading (%) Q- From Bus Name Base kv To Bus Name Base kv Circuit Section Area Zone Rating Basecase Flow MVA MW MVAR Amps Loading (%) Q- From Bus Name Base kv To Bus Name Base kv Circuit Section Area Zone Rating Basecase Flow MVA MW MVAR Amps Loading (%) Q- From Bus Name Base kv To Bus Name Base kv Circuit Section Area Zone Rating Basecase Flow MVA MW MVAR Amps Loading (%) Q- From Bus Name Base kv To Bus Name Base kv Circuit Section Area Zone Rating Basecase Flow MVA MW MVAR Amps Loading (%) Q- From Bus Name Base kv To Bus Name Base kv Circuit Section Area Zone Rating Basecase Flow MVA MW MVAR Amps Loading (%) Q- From Bus Name Base kv To Bus Name Base kv Circuit Section Area Zone Rating Basecase Flow MVA MW MVAR Amps Loading (%) Q- From Bus Name Base kv To Bus Name Base kv Circuit Section Area Zone Rating Basecase Flow MVA MW MVAR Amps Loading (%) Q- From Bus Name Base kv To Bus Name Base kv Circuit Section Area Zone Rating Basecase Flow MVA MW MVAR Amps Loading (%) Q- POI - Boothill Tap KV Outage & Drop Q ADAMS Tap - Boothill Tap KV Outage & Drop Q ADAMS Tap - KV Outage ADAMS Tap - KV Outage NOGALES - KV Outage BUTTERFIELD - KV Outage / XMFR Outage - SLOAN KV Outage - BUTTERFIELD KV Outage / XFMR Outage / XFMR # Outage / XFMR # Outage - SAN MANUAL KV LINE Outage HAYDENAZ - SAN MANUAL KV LINE Outage SAG.WEST - SAN MANUAL KV LINE Outage S.BRKRCH - SAN MANUAL KV LINE Outage - RED TAIL KV LINE Outage From Bus Name Base kv To Bus Name Base kv Circuit Section Area Zone Rating Basecase Flow MVA MW MVAR Amps Loading (%)

22 Q- From Bus Name Base kv To Bus Name Base kv Circuit Section Area Zone Rating Basecase Flow MVA MW MVAR Amps Loading (%) Q- From Bus Name Base kv To Bus Name Base kv Circuit Section Area Zone Rating Basecase Flow MVA MW MVAR Amps Loading (%) BOOTHILL. ADAMS % BOOTHILL. Q POI % Q- From Bus Name Base kv To Bus Name Base kv Circuit Section Area Zone Rating Basecase Flow MVA MW MVAR Amps Loading (%) BOOTHILL. ADAMS % BOOTHILL. Q POI % Q- From Bus Name Base kv To Bus Name Base kv Circuit Section Area Zone Rating Basecase Flow MVA MW MVAR Amps Loading (%) BOOTHILL. ADAMS % BOOTHILL. Q POI % Q- From Bus Name Base kv To Bus Name Base kv Circuit Section Area Zone Rating Basecase Flow MVA MW MVAR Amps Loading (%) BOOTHILL. ADAMS % BOOTHILL. Q POI % Q- From Bus Name Base kv To Bus Name Base kv Circuit Section Area Zone Rating Basecase Flow MVA MW MVAR Amps Loading (%) Q- From Bus Name Base kv To Bus Name Base kv Circuit Section Area Zone Rating Basecase Flow MVA MW MVAR Amps Loading (%) BOOTHILL. ADAMS % BOOTHILL. Q POI % Q- From Bus Name Base kv To Bus Name Base kv Circuit Section Area Zone Rating Basecase Flow MVA MW MVAR Amps Loading (%) BOOTHILL. ADAMS % BOOTHILL. Q POI % Q- From Bus Name Base kv To Bus Name Base kv Circuit Section Area Zone Rating Basecase Flow MVA MW MVAR Amps Loading (%) Q- From Bus Name Base kv To Bus Name Base kv Circuit Section Area Zone Rating Basecase Flow MVA MW MVAR Amps Loading (%) Q- From Bus Name Base kv To Bus Name Base kv Circuit Section Area Zone Rating Basecase Flow MVA MW MVAR Amps Loading (%) Q- - WINCHSTR KV LINE Outage /KV XFMR OUTAGE /KV XFMR OUTAGE & Drop MW - SAN PEDRO TAP KV LINE OUTAGE - SAN PEDRO TAP KV LINE OUTAGE & Drop MW - DON LUIS KV LINE OUTAGE FAIRVIEW - SAN PEDRO TAP KV LINE OUTAGE FAIRVIEW - SAN PEDRO TAP KV LINE OUTAGE & Drop MW PALOMNAS - DON LUIS KV LINE OUTAGE SAN PEDRO - SAN PEDRO TAP KV LINE OUTAGE SAN PEDRO - SAN PEDRO TAP KV LINE OUTAGE POI - Mural KV Outage From Bus Name Base kv To Bus Name Base kv Circuit Section Area Zone Rating Basecase Flow MVA MW MVAR Amps Loading (%)

23 BOOTHILL. ADAMS % BOOTHILL. Q POI % Q- POI - Mural KV Outage & Drop MW From Bus Name Base kv To Bus Name Base kv Circuit Section Area Zone Rating Basecase Flow MVA MW MVAR Amps Loading (%) BOOTHILL. ADAMS % BOOTHILL. Q POI %

24 Appendix C Power Flow Plots

25 Pre-Project Results

26 To Sahuarito To Nogales To Sonoita To S. Vista.. To Keat Jct.. To HUACHWST To David Jct HUACHEST. TOMB JCT... SLOAN. WEBB To kv.. PUEBLO. TOMBSTON... MCNEAL BUTERFLD. To BVISTATP To Fairview To Winchester Apache ST,ST,CT To RAMSYTP To RAMSYTP. PALOMNAS DON LUIS. To San Pedro CHARLSTN To Hereford SPEDROTP.. ADAMS. BOOTHILL. Q POI... CHIRICAH.. Q To Red Tail.. APACH-SW. To San Manuel Q Wind Farm. KANSAS S Apache ST,CT - Apache CT,CT To Cochise To WILCOXJT General Electric International, Inc. PSLF Program Sun Aug :: Q_pre.wrk Summer Planning Case POI - Boothill Tap KV Outage AZ Detailed System Rep. Q- MW/MVAR Q.drw Rating =

27 To Sahuarito To Nogales To Sonoita To S. Vista.. To Keat Jct.. To HUACHWST To David Jct HUACHEST. TOMB JCT... SLOAN. WEBB To kv.. PUEBLO. TOMBSTON... MCNEAL BUTERFLD. To BVISTATP To Fairview To Winchester Apache ST,ST,CT To RAMSYTP To RAMSYTP. PALOMNAS DON LUIS. To San Pedro CHARLSTN To Hereford SPEDROTP.. ADAMS. BOOTHILL. Q POI... CHIRICAH.. Q To Red Tail.. APACH-SW. To San Manuel Q Wind Farm. KANSAS S Apache ST,CT - Apache CT,CT To Cochise To WILCOXJT General Electric International, Inc. PSLF Program Sun Aug :: Q_pre.wrk Summer Planning Case ADAMS Tap - Boothill Tap KV AZ Detailed System Rep. Q- MW/MVAR Q.drw Rating =

28 To Sahuarito To Nogales To Sonoita To S. Vista.. To Keat Jct.. To HUACHWST To David Jct HUACHEST. TOMB JCT... SLOAN. WEBB To kv.. PUEBLO. TOMBSTON... MCNEAL BUTERFLD. To BVISTATP To Fairview To Winchester Apache ST,ST,CT To RAMSYTP To RAMSYTP. PALOMNAS DON LUIS. To San Pedro CHARLSTN To Hereford SPEDROTP.. ADAMS. BOOTHILL. Q POI... CHIRICAH.. Q To Red Tail.. APACH-SW. To San Manuel Q Wind Farm. KANSAS S Apache ST,CT Apache CT,CT To Cochise To WILCOXJT General Electric International, Inc. PSLF Program Sun Aug :: Q_pre.wrk Summer Planning Case ADAMS Tap - KV Outage AZ Detailed System Rep. Q- MW/MVAR Q.drw Rating =

29 To Sahuarito To Nogales To Sonoita To S. Vista.. To Keat Jct.. To HUACHWST To David Jct HUACHEST. TOMB JCT... SLOAN. WEBB To kv.. PUEBLO. TOMBSTON... MCNEAL BUTERFLD. To BVISTATP To Fairview To Winchester Apache ST,ST,CT To RAMSYTP To RAMSYTP. PALOMNAS DON LUIS. To San Pedro CHARLSTN To Hereford SPEDROTP.. ADAMS. BOOTHILL. Q POI... CHIRICAH.. Q To Red Tail.. APACH-SW. To San Manuel Q Wind Farm. KANSAS S Apache ST,CT Apache CT,CT To Cochise To WILCOXJT General Electric International, Inc. PSLF Program Sun Aug :: Q_pre.wrk Summer Planning Case ADAMS Tap - KV Outage AZ Detailed System Rep. Q- MW/MVAR Q.drw Rating =

30 To Sahuarito To Nogales To Sonoita To S. Vista.. To Keat Jct.. To HUACHWST To David Jct HUACHEST. TOMB JCT... SLOAN. WEBB To kv.. PUEBLO. TOMBSTON... MCNEAL BUTERFLD. To BVISTATP To Fairview To Winchester Apache ST,ST,CT To RAMSYTP To RAMSYTP. PALOMNAS DON LUIS. To San Pedro CHARLSTN To Hereford SPEDROTP.. ADAMS. BOOTHILL. Q POI... CHIRICAH.. Q To Red Tail.. APACH-SW. To San Manuel Q Wind Farm. KANSAS S Apache ST,CT Apache CT,CT To Cochise To WILCOXJT General Electric International, Inc. PSLF Program Sun Aug :: Q_pre.wrk Summer Planning Case NOGALES - KV Outage AZ Detailed System Rep. Q- MW/MVAR Q.drw Rating =

31 To Sahuarito To Nogales To Sonoita To S. Vista.. To Keat Jct.. To HUACHWST To David Jct HUACHEST. TOMB JCT... SLOAN. WEBB To kv.. PUEBLO. TOMBSTON... MCNEAL BUTERFLD. To BVISTATP To Fairview To Winchester Apache ST,ST,CT To RAMSYTP To RAMSYTP. PALOMNAS DON LUIS. To San Pedro CHARLSTN To Hereford SPEDROTP.. ADAMS. BOOTHILL. Q POI... CHIRICAH.. Q To Red Tail.. APACH-SW. To San Manuel Q Wind Farm. KANSAS S Apache ST,CT Apache CT,CT To Cochise To WILCOXJT General Electric International, Inc. PSLF Program Sun Aug :: Q_pre.wrk Summer Planning Case BUTTERFIELD - KV Outage AZ Detailed System Rep. Q- MW/MVAR Q.drw Rating =

32 To Sahuarito To Nogales To Sonoita To S. Vista.. To Keat Jct.. To HUACHWST To David Jct HUACHEST. TOMB JCT... SLOAN. WEBB To kv.. PUEBLO. TOMBSTON... MCNEAL BUTERFLD. To BVISTATP To Fairview To Winchester Apache ST,ST,CT To RAMSYTP To RAMSYTP. PALOMNAS DON LUIS. To San Pedro CHARLSTN To Hereford SPEDROTP.. ADAMS. BOOTHILL. Q POI... CHIRICAH.. Q To Red Tail To San Manuel. Apache ST,CT. APACH-SW. Q Wind Farm. KANSAS S Apache CT,CT To Cochise To WILCOXJT General Electric International, Inc. PSLF Program Sun Aug :: Q_pre.wrk Summer Planning Case / XMFR Outage AZ Detailed System Rep. Q- MW/MVAR Q.drw Rating =

33 To Sahuarito To Nogales To Sonoita To S. Vista.. To Keat Jct.. To HUACHWST To David Jct HUACHEST. TOMB JCT... SLOAN. WEBB To kv.. PUEBLO. TOMBSTON... MCNEAL BUTERFLD. To BVISTATP To Fairview To Winchester Apache ST,ST,CT To RAMSYTP To RAMSYTP. PALOMNAS DON LUIS. To San Pedro CHARLSTN To Hereford SPEDROTP.. ADAMS. BOOTHILL. Q POI... CHIRICAH.. Q To Red Tail To San Manuel. Apache ST,CT. APACH-SW. Q Wind Farm. KANSAS S Apache CT,CT To Cochise To WILCOXJT General Electric International, Inc. PSLF Program Sun Aug :: Q_pre.wrk Summer Planning Case - SLOAN KV Outage AZ Detailed System Rep. Q- MW/MVAR Q.drw Rating =

34 To Sahuarito To Nogales To Sonoita To S. Vista.. To Keat Jct.. To HUACHWST To David Jct HUACHEST. TOMB JCT... SLOAN. WEBB To kv.. PUEBLO. TOMBSTON... MCNEAL BUTERFLD. To BVISTATP To Fairview To Winchester Apache ST,ST,CT To RAMSYTP To RAMSYTP. PALOMNAS DON LUIS. To San Pedro CHARLSTN To Hereford SPEDROTP.. ADAMS. BOOTHILL. Q POI... CHIRICAH.. Q To Red Tail To San Manuel. Apache ST,CT. APACH-SW. Q Wind Farm. KANSAS S Apache CT,CT To Cochise To WILCOXJT General Electric International, Inc. PSLF Program Sun Aug :: Q_pre.wrk Summer Planning Case - BUTTERFIELD KV Outage AZ Detailed System Rep. Q- MW/MVAR Q.drw Rating =

35 To Sahuarito To Nogales To Sonoita To S. Vista.. To Keat Jct.. To HUACHWST To David Jct HUACHEST. TOMB JCT... SLOAN. WEBB To kv.. PUEBLO. TOMBSTON... MCNEAL BUTERFLD. To BVISTATP To Fairview To Winchester Apache ST,ST,CT To RAMSYTP To RAMSYTP. PALOMNAS DON LUIS. To San Pedro CHARLSTN To Hereford SPEDROTP.. ADAMS. BOOTHILL. Q POI... CHIRICAH.. Q To Red Tail.. APACH-SW. To San Manuel Q Wind Farm. KANSAS S Apache ST,CT Apache CT,CT To Cochise To WILCOXJT General Electric International, Inc. PSLF Program Sun Aug :: Q_pre.wrk Summer Planning Case / XFMR Outage AZ Detailed System Rep. Q- MW/MVAR Q.drw Rating =

36 To Sahuarito To Nogales To Sonoita To S. Vista.. To Keat Jct.. To HUACHWST To David Jct HUACHEST. TOMB JCT... SLOAN. WEBB To kv.. PUEBLO. TOMBSTON... MCNEAL BUTERFLD. To BVISTATP To Fairview To Winchester Apache ST,ST,CT To RAMSYTP To RAMSYTP. PALOMNAS DON LUIS. To San Pedro CHARLSTN To Hereford SPEDROTP.. ADAMS. BOOTHILL. Q POI... CHIRICAH.. Q To Red Tail To San Manuel. Apache ST,CT. APACH-SW. Q Wind Farm. KANSAS S Apache CT,CT To Cochise To WILCOXJT General Electric International, Inc. PSLF Program Sun Aug :: Q_pre.wrk Summer Planning Case / XFMR # Outage AZ Detailed System Rep. Q- MW/MVAR Q.drw Rating =

37 To Sahuarito To Nogales To Sonoita To S. Vista.. To Keat Jct.. To HUACHWST To David Jct HUACHEST. TOMB JCT... SLOAN. WEBB To kv.. PUEBLO. TOMBSTON... MCNEAL BUTERFLD. To BVISTATP To Fairview To Winchester Apache ST,ST,CT To RAMSYTP To RAMSYTP. PALOMNAS DON LUIS. To San Pedro CHARLSTN To Hereford SPEDROTP.. ADAMS. BOOTHILL. Q POI... CHIRICAH.. Q To Red Tail.. APACH-SW. To San Manuel Q Wind Farm. KANSAS S Apache ST,CT Apache CT,CT To Cochise To WILCOXJT General Electric International, Inc. PSLF Program Sun Aug :: Q_pre.wrk Summer Planning Case / XFMR # Outage AZ Detailed System Rep. Q- MW/MVAR Q.drw Rating =

38 To Sahuarito To Nogales To Sonoita To S. Vista.. To Keat Jct.. To HUACHWST To David Jct HUACHEST. TOMB JCT... SLOAN. WEBB To kv.. PUEBLO. TOMBSTON... MCNEAL BUTERFLD. To BVISTATP To Fairview To Winchester Apache ST,ST,CT To RAMSYTP To RAMSYTP. PALOMNAS DON LUIS. To San Pedro CHARLSTN To Hereford SPEDROTP.. ADAMS. BOOTHILL. Q POI... CHIRICAH.. Q To Red Tail.. APACH-SW. To San Manuel Q Wind Farm. KANSAS S Apache ST,CT Apache CT,CT To Cochise To WILCOXJT General Electric International, Inc. PSLF Program Sun Aug :: Q_pre.wrk Summer Planning Case - SAN MANUAL KV LINE Outage AZ Detailed System Rep. Q- MW/MVAR Q.drw Rating =

39 To Sahuarito To Nogales To Sonoita To S. Vista.. To Keat Jct.. To HUACHWST To David Jct HUACHEST. TOMB JCT... SLOAN. WEBB To kv.. PUEBLO. TOMBSTON... MCNEAL BUTERFLD. To BVISTATP To Fairview To Winchester Apache ST,ST,CT To RAMSYTP To RAMSYTP. PALOMNAS DON LUIS. To San Pedro CHARLSTN To Hereford SPEDROTP.. ADAMS. BOOTHILL. Q POI... CHIRICAH.. Q To Red Tail.. APACH-SW. To San Manuel Q Wind Farm. KANSAS S Apache ST,CT Apache CT,CT To Cochise To WILCOXJT General Electric International, Inc. PSLF Program Sun Aug :: Q_pre.wrk Summer Planning Case HAYDENAZ - SAN MANUAL KV LINE Outage AZ Detailed System Rep. Q- MW/MVAR Q.drw Rating =

40 To Sahuarito To Nogales To Sonoita To S. Vista.. To Keat Jct.. To HUACHWST To David Jct HUACHEST. TOMB JCT... SLOAN. WEBB To kv.. PUEBLO. TOMBSTON... MCNEAL BUTERFLD. To BVISTATP To Fairview To Winchester Apache ST,ST,CT To RAMSYTP To RAMSYTP. PALOMNAS DON LUIS. To San Pedro CHARLSTN To Hereford SPEDROTP.. ADAMS. BOOTHILL. Q POI... CHIRICAH.. Q To Red Tail.. APACH-SW. To San Manuel Q Wind Farm. KANSAS S Apache ST,CT Apache CT,CT To Cochise To WILCOXJT General Electric International, Inc. PSLF Program Sun Aug :: Q_pre.wrk Summer Planning Case SAG.WEST - SAN MANUAL KV LINE Outage AZ Detailed System Rep. Q- MW/MVAR Q.drw Rating =

41 To Sahuarito To Nogales To Sonoita To S. Vista.. To Keat Jct.. To HUACHWST To David Jct HUACHEST. TOMB JCT... SLOAN. WEBB To kv.. PUEBLO. TOMBSTON... MCNEAL BUTERFLD. To BVISTATP To Fairview To Winchester Apache ST,ST,CT To RAMSYTP To RAMSYTP. PALOMNAS DON LUIS. To San Pedro CHARLSTN To Hereford SPEDROTP.. ADAMS. BOOTHILL. Q POI... CHIRICAH.. Q To Red Tail.. APACH-SW. To San Manuel Q Wind Farm. KANSAS S Apache ST,CT Apache CT,CT To Cochise To WILCOXJT General Electric International, Inc. PSLF Program Sun Aug :: Q_pre.wrk Summer Planning Case S.BRKRCH - SAN MANUAL KV LINE Outage AZ Detailed System Rep. Q- MW/MVAR Q.drw Rating =

42 To Sahuarito To Nogales To Sonoita To S. Vista.. To Keat Jct.. To HUACHWST To David Jct HUACHEST. TOMB JCT... SLOAN. WEBB To kv.. PUEBLO. TOMBSTON... MCNEAL BUTERFLD. To BVISTATP To Fairview To Winchester Apache ST,ST,CT To RAMSYTP To RAMSYTP. PALOMNAS DON LUIS. To San Pedro CHARLSTN To Hereford SPEDROTP.. ADAMS. BOOTHILL. Q POI... CHIRICAH.. Q To Red Tail To San Manuel. Apache ST,CT. APACH-SW. Q Wind Farm. KANSAS S Apache CT,CT To Cochise To WILCOXJT General Electric International, Inc. PSLF Program Sun Aug :: Q_pre.wrk Summer Planning Case - RED TAIL KV LINE Outage AZ Detailed System Rep. Q- MW/MVAR Q.drw Rating =

43 To Sahuarito To Nogales To Sonoita To S. Vista.. To Keat Jct.. To HUACHWST To David Jct HUACHEST. TOMB JCT... SLOAN. WEBB To kv.. PUEBLO. TOMBSTON... MCNEAL BUTERFLD. To BVISTATP To Fairview To Winchester Apache ST,ST,CT To RAMSYTP To RAMSYTP. PALOMNAS DON LUIS. To San Pedro CHARLSTN To Hereford SPEDROTP.. ADAMS. BOOTHILL. Q POI... CHIRICAH.. Q To Red Tail To San Manuel. Apache ST,CT. APACH-SW. Q Wind Farm. KANSAS S Apache CT,CT To Cochise To WILCOXJT General Electric International, Inc. PSLF Program Sun Aug :: Q_pre.wrk Summer Planning Case - WINCHSTR KV LINE Outage AZ Detailed System Rep. Q- MW/MVAR Q.drw Rating =

44 To Sahuarito To Nogales To Sonoita To S. Vista.. To Keat Jct.. To HUACHWST To David Jct HUACHEST. TOMB JCT... SLOAN. WEBB To kv.. PUEBLO. TOMBSTON... MCNEAL BUTERFLD. To BVISTATP To Fairview To Winchester Apache ST,ST,CT To RAMSYTP To RAMSYTP. PALOMNAS DON LUIS. To San Pedro CHARLSTN To Hereford SPEDROTP.. ADAMS. BOOTHILL. Q POI... CHIRICAH.. Q To Red Tail.. APACH-SW. To San Manuel Q Wind Farm. KANSAS S Apache ST,CT - Apache CT,CT To Cochise To WILCOXJT General Electric International, Inc. PSLF Program Sun Aug :: Q_pre.wrk Summer Planning Case /KV XFMR OUTAGE AZ Detailed System Rep. Q- MW/MVAR Q.drw Rating =

45 To Sahuarito To Nogales To Sonoita To S. Vista.. To Keat Jct.. To HUACHWST To David Jct HUACHEST. TOMB JCT... SLOAN. WEBB To kv.. PUEBLO. TOMBSTON... MCNEAL BUTERFLD. To BVISTATP To Fairview To Winchester Apache ST,ST,CT To RAMSYTP To RAMSYTP. PALOMNAS DON LUIS. To San Pedro CHARLSTN To Hereford SPEDROTP.. ADAMS. BOOTHILL. Q POI... CHIRICAH.. Q To Red Tail.. APACH-SW. To San Manuel Q Wind Farm. KANSAS S Apache ST,CT - Apache CT,CT To Cochise To WILCOXJT General Electric International, Inc. PSLF Program Sun Aug :: Q_pre.wrk Summer Planning Case - SAN PEDRO TAP KV LINE OUTAGE AZ Detailed System Rep. Q- MW/MVAR Q.drw Rating =

46 To Sahuarito To Nogales To Sonoita To S. Vista.. To Keat Jct.. To HUACHWST To David Jct HUACHEST. TOMB JCT... SLOAN. WEBB To kv.. PUEBLO. TOMBSTON... MCNEAL BUTERFLD. To BVISTATP To Fairview To Winchester Apache ST,ST,CT To RAMSYTP To RAMSYTP. PALOMNAS DON LUIS. To San Pedro CHARLSTN To Hereford SPEDROTP.. ADAMS. BOOTHILL. Q POI... CHIRICAH.. Q To Red Tail.. APACH-SW. To San Manuel Q Wind Farm. KANSAS S Apache ST,CT Apache CT,CT To Cochise To WILCOXJT General Electric International, Inc. PSLF Program Sun Aug :: Q_pre.wrk Summer Planning Case - DON LUIS KV LINE OUTAGE AZ Detailed System Rep. Q- MW/MVAR Q.drw Rating =

47 To Sahuarito To Nogales To Sonoita To S. Vista.. To Keat Jct.. To HUACHWST To David Jct HUACHEST. TOMB JCT... SLOAN. WEBB To kv.. PUEBLO. TOMBSTON... MCNEAL BUTERFLD. To BVISTATP To Fairview To Winchester Apache ST,ST,CT To RAMSYTP To RAMSYTP. PALOMNAS DON LUIS. To San Pedro CHARLSTN To Hereford SPEDROTP.. ADAMS. BOOTHILL. Q POI... CHIRICAH.. Q To Red Tail.. APACH-SW. To San Manuel Q Wind Farm. KANSAS S Apache ST,CT - Apache CT,CT To Cochise To WILCOXJT General Electric International, Inc. PSLF Program Sun Aug :: Q_pre.wrk Summer Planning Case FAIRVIEW - SAN PEDRO TAP KV LINE OUTAGE AZ Detailed System Rep. Q- MW/MVAR Q.drw Rating =

48 To Sahuarito To Nogales To Sonoita To S. Vista.. To Keat Jct.. To HUACHWST To David Jct HUACHEST. TOMB JCT... SLOAN. WEBB To kv.. PUEBLO. TOMBSTON... MCNEAL BUTERFLD. To BVISTATP To Fairview To Winchester Apache ST,ST,CT To RAMSYTP To RAMSYTP. PALOMNAS DON LUIS. To San Pedro CHARLSTN To Hereford SPEDROTP.. ADAMS. BOOTHILL. Q POI... CHIRICAH.. Q To Red Tail.. APACH-SW. To San Manuel Q Wind Farm. KANSAS S Apache ST,CT Apache CT,CT To Cochise To WILCOXJT General Electric International, Inc. PSLF Program Sun Aug :: Q_pre.wrk Summer Planning Case PALOMNAS - DON LUIS KV LINE OUTAGE AZ Detailed System Rep. Q- MW/MVAR Q.drw Rating =

49 To Sahuarito To Nogales To Sonoita To S. Vista.. To Keat Jct.. To HUACHWST To David Jct HUACHEST. TOMB JCT... SLOAN. WEBB To kv.. PUEBLO. TOMBSTON... MCNEAL BUTERFLD. To BVISTATP CHARLSTN To Fairview To Winchester Apache ST,ST,CT To RAMSYTP To RAMSYTP. PALOMNAS DON LUIS. To San Pedro To Hereford SPEDROTP.. ADAMS. BOOTHILL. Q POI... CHIRICAH.. Q To Red Tail.. APACH-SW. To San Manuel Q Wind Farm. KANSAS S Apache ST,CT Apache CT,CT To Cochise To WILCOXJT General Electric International, Inc. PSLF Program Sun Aug :: Q_pre.wrk Summer Planning Case SAN PEDRO - SAN PEDRO TAP KV LINE OUTAGE AZ Detailed System Rep. Q- MW/MVAR Q.drw Rating =

50 To Sahuarito To Nogales To Sonoita To S. Vista.. To Keat Jct.. To HUACHWST To David Jct HUACHEST. TOMB JCT... SLOAN. WEBB To kv.. PUEBLO. TOMBSTON... MCNEAL BUTERFLD. To BVISTATP To Fairview To Winchester Apache ST,ST,CT To RAMSYTP To RAMSYTP. PALOMNAS DON LUIS. To San Pedro CHARLSTN To Hereford SPEDROTP.. ADAMS. BOOTHILL. Q POI... CHIRICAH.. Q To Red Tail.. APACH-SW. To San Manuel Q Wind Farm. KANSAS S Apache ST,CT - Apache CT,CT To Cochise To WILCOXJT General Electric International, Inc. PSLF Program Sun Aug :: Q_pre.wrk Summer Planning Case POI - Mural KV Outage & Drop Q AZ Detailed System Rep. Q- MW/MVAR Q.drw Rating =

51 Post-Project Results

52 To Sahuarito To Nogales To Sonoita To S. Vista.. To Keat Jct.. To HUACHWST To David Jct HUACHEST. TOMB JCT... SLOAN. WEBB To kv.. PUEBLO. TOMBSTON... MCNEAL BUTERFLD. To BVISTATP To Fairview To Winchester Apache ST,ST,CT To RAMSYTP To RAMSYTP. PALOMNAS DON LUIS. To San Pedro CHARLSTN To Hereford SPEDROTP.. ADAMS. BOOTHILL. Q POI... CHIRICAH.. Q To Red Tail.. APACH-SW. To San Manuel Q Wind Farm. KANSAS S Apache ST,CT - Apache CT,CT To Cochise To WILCOXJT General Electric International, Inc. PSLF Program Sun Aug :: Q_post.wrk Summer Planning Case POI - Boothill Tap KV Outage & Drop Q AZ Detailed System Rep. Q- MW/MVAR Q.drw Rating =

53 To Sahuarito To Nogales To Sonoita To S. Vista.. To Keat Jct.. To HUACHWST To David Jct HUACHEST. TOMB JCT... SLOAN. WEBB To kv.. PUEBLO. TOMBSTON... MCNEAL BUTERFLD. To BVISTATP To Fairview To Winchester Apache ST,ST,CT To RAMSYTP To RAMSYTP. PALOMNAS DON LUIS. To San Pedro CHARLSTN To Hereford SPEDROTP.. ADAMS. BOOTHILL. Q POI... CHIRICAH.. Q To Red Tail.. APACH-SW. To San Manuel Q Wind Farm. KANSAS S Apache ST,CT - Apache CT,CT To Cochise To WILCOXJT General Electric International, Inc. PSLF Program Sun Aug :: Q_post.wrk Summer Planning Case ADAMS Tap - Boothill Tap KV Outage & Drop Q AZ Detailed System Rep. Q- MW/MVAR Q.drw Rating =

54 To Sahuarito To Nogales To Sonoita To S. Vista.. To Keat Jct.. To HUACHWST To David Jct HUACHEST. TOMB JCT... SLOAN. WEBB To kv.. PUEBLO. TOMBSTON... MCNEAL BUTERFLD. To BVISTATP To Fairview To Winchester Apache ST,ST,CT To RAMSYTP To RAMSYTP. PALOMNAS DON LUIS. To San Pedro CHARLSTN To Hereford SPEDROTP.. ADAMS. BOOTHILL. Q POI... CHIRICAH.. Q To Red Tail.. APACH-SW. To San Manuel Q Wind Farm. KANSAS S Apache ST,CT Apache CT,CT To Cochise To WILCOXJT General Electric International, Inc. PSLF Program Sun Aug :: Q_post.wrk Summer Planning Case ADAMS Tap - KV Outage AZ Detailed System Rep. Q- MW/MVAR Q.drw Rating =

55 To Sahuarito To Nogales To Sonoita To S. Vista.. To Keat Jct.. To HUACHWST To David Jct HUACHEST. TOMB JCT... SLOAN. WEBB To kv.. PUEBLO. TOMBSTON... MCNEAL BUTERFLD. To BVISTATP To Fairview To Winchester Apache ST,ST,CT To RAMSYTP To RAMSYTP. PALOMNAS DON LUIS. To San Pedro CHARLSTN To Hereford SPEDROTP.. ADAMS. BOOTHILL. Q POI... CHIRICAH.. Q To Red Tail.. APACH-SW. To San Manuel Q Wind Farm. KANSAS S Apache ST,CT Apache CT,CT To Cochise To WILCOXJT General Electric International, Inc. PSLF Program Sun Aug :: Q_post.wrk Summer Planning Case ADAMS Tap - KV Outage AZ Detailed System Rep. Q- MW/MVAR Q.drw Rating =

56 To Sahuarito To Nogales To Sonoita To S. Vista.. To Keat Jct.. To HUACHWST To David Jct HUACHEST. TOMB JCT... SLOAN. WEBB To kv.. PUEBLO. TOMBSTON... MCNEAL BUTERFLD. To BVISTATP To Fairview To Winchester Apache ST,ST,CT To RAMSYTP To RAMSYTP. PALOMNAS DON LUIS. To San Pedro CHARLSTN To Hereford SPEDROTP.. ADAMS. BOOTHILL. Q POI... CHIRICAH.. Q To Red Tail.. APACH-SW. To San Manuel Q Wind Farm. KANSAS S Apache ST,CT Apache CT,CT To Cochise To WILCOXJT General Electric International, Inc. PSLF Program Sun Aug :: Q_post.wrk Summer Planning Case NOGALES - KV Outage AZ Detailed System Rep. Q- MW/MVAR Q.drw Rating =

57 To Sahuarito To Nogales To Sonoita To S. Vista.. To Keat Jct.. To HUACHWST To David Jct HUACHEST. TOMB JCT... SLOAN. WEBB To kv.. PUEBLO. TOMBSTON... MCNEAL BUTERFLD. To BVISTATP To Fairview To Winchester Apache ST,ST,CT To RAMSYTP To RAMSYTP. PALOMNAS DON LUIS. To San Pedro CHARLSTN To Hereford SPEDROTP.. ADAMS. BOOTHILL. Q POI... CHIRICAH.. Q To Red Tail.. APACH-SW. To San Manuel Q Wind Farm. KANSAS S Apache ST,CT Apache CT,CT To Cochise To WILCOXJT General Electric International, Inc. PSLF Program Sun Aug :: Q_post.wrk Summer Planning Case BUTTERFIELD - KV Outage AZ Detailed System Rep. Q- MW/MVAR Q.drw Rating =

58 To Sahuarito To Nogales To Sonoita To S. Vista.. To Keat Jct.. To HUACHWST To David Jct HUACHEST. TOMB JCT... SLOAN. WEBB To kv.. PUEBLO. TOMBSTON... MCNEAL BUTERFLD. To BVISTATP To Fairview To Winchester Apache ST,ST,CT To RAMSYTP To RAMSYTP. PALOMNAS DON LUIS. To San Pedro CHARLSTN To Hereford SPEDROTP.. ADAMS. BOOTHILL. Q POI... CHIRICAH.. Q To Red Tail.. APACH-SW. To San Manuel Q Wind Farm. KANSAS S Apache ST,CT Apache CT,CT To Cochise To WILCOXJT General Electric International, Inc. PSLF Program Sun Aug :: Q_post.wrk Summer Planning Case / XMFR Outage AZ Detailed System Rep. Q- MW/MVAR Q.drw Rating =

59 To Sahuarito To Nogales To Sonoita To S. Vista.. To Keat Jct.. To HUACHWST To David Jct HUACHEST. TOMB JCT... SLOAN. WEBB To kv.. PUEBLO. TOMBSTON... MCNEAL BUTERFLD. To BVISTATP To Fairview To Winchester Apache ST,ST,CT To RAMSYTP To RAMSYTP. PALOMNAS DON LUIS. To San Pedro CHARLSTN To Hereford SPEDROTP.. ADAMS. BOOTHILL. Q POI... CHIRICAH.. Q To Red Tail.. APACH-SW. To San Manuel Q Wind Farm. KANSAS S Apache ST,CT Apache CT,CT To Cochise To WILCOXJT General Electric International, Inc. PSLF Program Sun Aug :: Q_post.wrk Summer Planning Case - SLOAN KV Outage AZ Detailed System Rep. Q- MW/MVAR Q.drw Rating =

60 To Sahuarito To Nogales To Sonoita To S. Vista.. To Keat Jct.. To HUACHWST To David Jct HUACHEST. TOMB JCT... SLOAN. WEBB To kv.. PUEBLO. TOMBSTON... MCNEAL BUTERFLD. To BVISTATP To Fairview To Winchester Apache ST,ST,CT To RAMSYTP To RAMSYTP. PALOMNAS DON LUIS. To San Pedro CHARLSTN To Hereford SPEDROTP.. ADAMS. BOOTHILL. Q POI... CHIRICAH.. Q To Red Tail.. APACH-SW. To San Manuel Q Wind Farm. KANSAS S Apache ST,CT Apache CT,CT To Cochise To WILCOXJT General Electric International, Inc. PSLF Program Sun Aug :: Q_post.wrk Summer Planning Case - BUTTERFIELD KV Outage AZ Detailed System Rep. Q- MW/MVAR Q.drw Rating =

61 To Sahuarito To Nogales To Sonoita To S. Vista.. To Keat Jct.. To HUACHWST To David Jct HUACHEST. TOMB JCT... SLOAN. WEBB To kv.. PUEBLO. TOMBSTON... MCNEAL BUTERFLD. To BVISTATP To Fairview To Winchester Apache ST,ST,CT To RAMSYTP To RAMSYTP. PALOMNAS DON LUIS. To San Pedro CHARLSTN To Hereford SPEDROTP.. ADAMS. BOOTHILL. Q POI... CHIRICAH.. Q To Red Tail.. APACH-SW. To San Manuel Q Wind Farm. KANSAS S Apache ST,CT Apache CT,CT To Cochise To WILCOXJT General Electric International, Inc. PSLF Program Sun Aug :: Q_post.wrk Summer Planning Case / XFMR Outage AZ Detailed System Rep. Q- MW/MVAR Q.drw Rating =

62 To Sahuarito To Nogales To Sonoita To S. Vista.. To Keat Jct.. To HUACHWST To David Jct HUACHEST. TOMB JCT... SLOAN. WEBB To kv.. PUEBLO. TOMBSTON... MCNEAL BUTERFLD. To BVISTATP To Fairview To Winchester Apache ST,ST,CT To RAMSYTP To RAMSYTP. PALOMNAS DON LUIS. To San Pedro CHARLSTN To Hereford SPEDROTP.. ADAMS. BOOTHILL. Q POI... CHIRICAH.. Q To Red Tail To San Manuel. Apache ST,CT. APACH-SW. Q Wind Farm. KANSAS S Apache CT,CT To Cochise To WILCOXJT General Electric International, Inc. PSLF Program Sun Aug :: Q_post.wrk Summer Planning Case / XFMR # Outage AZ Detailed System Rep. Q- MW/MVAR Q.drw Rating =

63 To Sahuarito To Nogales To Sonoita To S. Vista.. To Keat Jct.. To HUACHWST To David Jct HUACHEST. TOMB JCT... SLOAN. WEBB To kv.. PUEBLO. TOMBSTON... MCNEAL BUTERFLD. To BVISTATP To Fairview To Winchester Apache ST,ST,CT To RAMSYTP To RAMSYTP. PALOMNAS DON LUIS. To San Pedro CHARLSTN To Hereford SPEDROTP.. ADAMS. BOOTHILL. Q POI... CHIRICAH.. Q To Red Tail.. APACH-SW. To San Manuel Q Wind Farm. KANSAS S Apache ST,CT Apache CT,CT To Cochise To WILCOXJT General Electric International, Inc. PSLF Program Sun Aug :: Q_post.wrk Summer Planning Case / XFMR # Outage AZ Detailed System Rep. Q- MW/MVAR Q.drw Rating =

64 To Sahuarito To Nogales To Sonoita To S. Vista.. To Keat Jct.. To HUACHWST To David Jct HUACHEST. TOMB JCT... SLOAN. WEBB To kv.. PUEBLO. TOMBSTON... MCNEAL BUTERFLD. To BVISTATP To Fairview To Winchester Apache ST,ST,CT To RAMSYTP To RAMSYTP. PALOMNAS DON LUIS. To San Pedro CHARLSTN To Hereford SPEDROTP.. ADAMS. BOOTHILL. Q POI... CHIRICAH.. Q To Red Tail.. APACH-SW. To San Manuel Q Wind Farm. KANSAS S Apache ST,CT Apache CT,CT To Cochise To WILCOXJT General Electric International, Inc. PSLF Program Sun Aug :: Q_post.wrk Summer Planning Case - SAN MANUAL KV LINE Outage AZ Detailed System Rep. Q- MW/MVAR Q.drw Rating =

65 To Sahuarito To Nogales To Sonoita To S. Vista.. To Keat Jct.. To HUACHWST To David Jct HUACHEST. TOMB JCT... SLOAN. WEBB To kv.. PUEBLO. TOMBSTON... MCNEAL BUTERFLD. To BVISTATP To Fairview To Winchester Apache ST,ST,CT To RAMSYTP To RAMSYTP. PALOMNAS DON LUIS. To San Pedro CHARLSTN To Hereford SPEDROTP.. ADAMS. BOOTHILL. Q POI... CHIRICAH.. Q To Red Tail.. APACH-SW. To San Manuel Q Wind Farm. KANSAS S Apache ST,CT Apache CT,CT To Cochise To WILCOXJT General Electric International, Inc. PSLF Program Sun Aug :: Q_post.wrk Summer Planning Case HAYDENAZ - SAN MANUAL KV LINE Outage AZ Detailed System Rep. Q- MW/MVAR Q.drw Rating =

66 To Sahuarito To Nogales To Sonoita To S. Vista.. To Keat Jct.. To HUACHWST To David Jct HUACHEST. TOMB JCT... SLOAN. WEBB To kv.. PUEBLO. TOMBSTON... MCNEAL BUTERFLD. To BVISTATP To Fairview To Winchester Apache ST,ST,CT To RAMSYTP To RAMSYTP. PALOMNAS DON LUIS. To San Pedro CHARLSTN To Hereford SPEDROTP.. ADAMS. BOOTHILL. Q POI... CHIRICAH.. Q To Red Tail.. APACH-SW. To San Manuel Q Wind Farm. KANSAS S Apache ST,CT Apache CT,CT To Cochise To WILCOXJT General Electric International, Inc. PSLF Program Sun Aug :: Q_post.wrk Summer Planning Case SAG.WEST - SAN MANUAL KV LINE Outage AZ Detailed System Rep. Q- MW/MVAR Q.drw Rating =

67 To Sahuarito To Nogales To Sonoita To S. Vista.. To Keat Jct.. To HUACHWST To David Jct HUACHEST. TOMB JCT... SLOAN. WEBB To kv.. PUEBLO. TOMBSTON... MCNEAL BUTERFLD. To BVISTATP To Fairview To Winchester Apache ST,ST,CT To RAMSYTP To RAMSYTP. PALOMNAS DON LUIS. To San Pedro CHARLSTN To Hereford SPEDROTP.. ADAMS. BOOTHILL. Q POI... CHIRICAH.. Q To Red Tail.. APACH-SW. To San Manuel Q Wind Farm. KANSAS S Apache ST,CT Apache CT,CT To Cochise To WILCOXJT General Electric International, Inc. PSLF Program Sun Aug :: Q_post.wrk Summer Planning Case S.BRKRCH - SAN MANUAL KV LINE Outage AZ Detailed System Rep. Q- MW/MVAR Q.drw Rating =

68 To Sahuarito To Nogales To Sonoita To S. Vista.. To Keat Jct.. To HUACHWST To David Jct HUACHEST. TOMB JCT... SLOAN. WEBB To kv.. PUEBLO. TOMBSTON... MCNEAL BUTERFLD. To BVISTATP To Fairview To Winchester Apache ST,ST,CT To RAMSYTP To RAMSYTP. PALOMNAS DON LUIS. To San Pedro CHARLSTN To Hereford SPEDROTP.. ADAMS. BOOTHILL. Q POI... CHIRICAH.. Q To Red Tail.. APACH-SW. To San Manuel Q Wind Farm. KANSAS S Apache ST,CT Apache CT,CT To Cochise To WILCOXJT General Electric International, Inc. PSLF Program Sun Aug :: Q_post.wrk Summer Planning Case - RED TAIL KV LINE Outage AZ Detailed System Rep. Q- MW/MVAR Q.drw Rating =

69 To Sahuarito To Nogales To Sonoita To S. Vista.. To Keat Jct.. To HUACHWST To David Jct HUACHEST. TOMB JCT... SLOAN. WEBB To kv.. PUEBLO. TOMBSTON... MCNEAL BUTERFLD. To BVISTATP To Fairview To Winchester Apache ST,ST,CT To RAMSYTP To RAMSYTP. PALOMNAS DON LUIS. To San Pedro CHARLSTN To Hereford SPEDROTP.. ADAMS. BOOTHILL. Q POI... CHIRICAH.. Q To Red Tail.. APACH-SW. To San Manuel Q Wind Farm. KANSAS S Apache ST,CT Apache CT,CT To Cochise To WILCOXJT General Electric International, Inc. PSLF Program Sun Aug :: Q_post.wrk Summer Planning Case - WINCHSTR KV LINE Outage AZ Detailed System Rep. Q- MW/MVAR Q.drw Rating =

70 To Sahuarito To Nogales To Sonoita To S. Vista.. To Keat Jct.. To HUACHWST To David Jct HUACHEST. TOMB JCT... SLOAN. WEBB To kv.. PUEBLO. TOMBSTON... MCNEAL BUTERFLD. To BVISTATP To Fairview To Winchester Apache ST,ST,CT To RAMSYTP To RAMSYTP. PALOMNAS DON LUIS. To San Pedro CHARLSTN To Hereford SPEDROTP.. ADAMS. BOOTHILL. Q POI... CHIRICAH.. Q To Red Tail.. APACH-SW. To San Manuel Q Wind Farm. KANSAS S Apache ST,CT Apache CT,CT To Cochise To WILCOXJT General Electric International, Inc. PSLF Program Sun Aug :: Q_post.wrk Summer Planning Case /KV XFMR OUTAGE AZ Detailed System Rep. Q- MW/MVAR Q.drw Rating =

71 To Sahuarito To Nogales To Sonoita To S. Vista.. To Keat Jct.. To HUACHWST To David Jct HUACHEST. TOMB JCT... SLOAN. WEBB To kv.. PUEBLO. TOMBSTON... MCNEAL BUTERFLD. To BVISTATP To Fairview To Winchester Apache ST,ST,CT To RAMSYTP To RAMSYTP. PALOMNAS DON LUIS. To San Pedro CHARLSTN To Hereford SPEDROTP.. ADAMS. BOOTHILL. Q POI... CHIRICAH.. Q To Red Tail.. APACH-SW. To San Manuel Q Wind Farm. KANSAS S Apache ST,CT Apache CT,CT To Cochise To WILCOXJT General Electric International, Inc. PSLF Program Sun Aug :: Q_post.wrk Summer Planning Case /KV XFMR OUTAGE & Drop MW AZ Detailed System Rep. Q- MW/MVAR Q.drw Rating =

72 To Sahuarito To Nogales To Sonoita To S. Vista.. To Keat Jct.. To HUACHWST To David Jct HUACHEST. TOMB JCT... SLOAN. WEBB To kv.. PUEBLO. TOMBSTON... MCNEAL BUTERFLD. To BVISTATP To Fairview To Winchester Apache ST,ST,CT To RAMSYTP To RAMSYTP. PALOMNAS DON LUIS. To San Pedro CHARLSTN To Hereford SPEDROTP.. ADAMS. BOOTHILL. Q POI... CHIRICAH.. Q To Red Tail.. APACH-SW. To San Manuel Q Wind Farm. KANSAS S Apache ST,CT Apache CT,CT To Cochise To WILCOXJT General Electric International, Inc. PSLF Program Sun Aug :: Q_post.wrk Summer Planning Case - SAN PEDRO TAP KV LINE OUTAGE AZ Detailed System Rep. Q- MW/MVAR Q.drw Rating =

73 To Sahuarito To Nogales To Sonoita To S. Vista.. To Keat Jct.. To HUACHWST To David Jct HUACHEST. TOMB JCT... SLOAN. WEBB To kv.. PUEBLO. TOMBSTON... MCNEAL BUTERFLD. To BVISTATP To Fairview To Winchester Apache ST,ST,CT To RAMSYTP To RAMSYTP. PALOMNAS DON LUIS. To San Pedro CHARLSTN To Hereford SPEDROTP.. ADAMS. BOOTHILL. Q POI... CHIRICAH.. Q To Red Tail.. APACH-SW. To San Manuel Q Wind Farm. KANSAS S Apache ST,CT Apache CT,CT To Cochise To WILCOXJT General Electric International, Inc. PSLF Program Sun Aug :: Q_post.wrk Summer Planning Case - SAN PEDRO TAP KV LINE OUTAGE & Drop MW AZ Detailed System Rep. Q- MW/MVAR Q.drw Rating =

74 To Sahuarito To Nogales To Sonoita To S. Vista.. To Keat Jct.. To HUACHWST To David Jct HUACHEST. TOMB JCT... SLOAN. WEBB To kv.. PUEBLO. TOMBSTON... MCNEAL BUTERFLD. To BVISTATP To Fairview To Winchester Apache ST,ST,CT To RAMSYTP To RAMSYTP. PALOMNAS DON LUIS. To San Pedro CHARLSTN To Hereford SPEDROTP.. ADAMS. BOOTHILL. Q POI... CHIRICAH.. Q To Red Tail.. APACH-SW. To San Manuel Q Wind Farm. KANSAS S Apache ST,CT Apache CT,CT To Cochise To WILCOXJT General Electric International, Inc. PSLF Program Sun Aug :: Q_post.wrk Summer Planning Case - DON LUIS KV LINE OUTAGE AZ Detailed System Rep. Q- MW/MVAR Q.drw Rating =

75 To Sahuarito To Nogales To Sonoita To S. Vista.. To Keat Jct.. To HUACHWST To David Jct HUACHEST. TOMB JCT... SLOAN. WEBB To kv.. PUEBLO. TOMBSTON... MCNEAL BUTERFLD. To BVISTATP To Fairview To Winchester Apache ST,ST,CT To RAMSYTP To RAMSYTP. PALOMNAS DON LUIS. To San Pedro CHARLSTN To Hereford SPEDROTP.. ADAMS. BOOTHILL. Q POI... CHIRICAH.. Q To Red Tail.. APACH-SW. To San Manuel Q Wind Farm. KANSAS S Apache ST,CT Apache CT,CT To Cochise To WILCOXJT General Electric International, Inc. PSLF Program Sun Aug :: Q_post.wrk Summer Planning Case FAIRVIEW - SAN PEDRO TAP KV LINE OUTAGE AZ Detailed System Rep. Q- MW/MVAR Q.drw Rating =

76 To Sahuarito To Nogales To Sonoita To S. Vista.. To Keat Jct.. To HUACHWST To David Jct HUACHEST. TOMB JCT... SLOAN. WEBB To kv.. PUEBLO. TOMBSTON... MCNEAL BUTERFLD. To BVISTATP To Fairview To Winchester Apache ST,ST,CT To RAMSYTP To RAMSYTP. PALOMNAS DON LUIS. To San Pedro CHARLSTN To Hereford SPEDROTP.. ADAMS. BOOTHILL. Q POI... CHIRICAH.. Q To Red Tail.. APACH-SW. To San Manuel Q Wind Farm. KANSAS S Apache ST,CT Apache CT,CT To Cochise To WILCOXJT General Electric International, Inc. PSLF Program Sun Aug :: Q_post.wrk Summer Planning Case FAIRVIEW - SAN PEDRO TAP KV LINE OUTAGE & Drop MW AZ Detailed System Rep. Q- MW/MVAR Q.drw Rating =

77 To Sahuarito To Nogales To Sonoita To S. Vista.. To Keat Jct.. To HUACHWST To David Jct HUACHEST. TOMB JCT... SLOAN. WEBB To kv.. PUEBLO. TOMBSTON... MCNEAL BUTERFLD. To BVISTATP To Fairview To Winchester Apache ST,ST,CT To RAMSYTP To RAMSYTP. PALOMNAS DON LUIS. To San Pedro CHARLSTN To Hereford SPEDROTP.. ADAMS. BOOTHILL. Q POI... CHIRICAH.. Q To Red Tail.. APACH-SW. To San Manuel Q Wind Farm. KANSAS S Apache ST,CT Apache CT,CT To Cochise To WILCOXJT General Electric International, Inc. PSLF Program Sun Aug :: Q_post.wrk Summer Planning Case PALOMNAS - DON LUIS KV LINE OUTAGE AZ Detailed System Rep. Q- MW/MVAR Q.drw Rating =

78 To Sahuarito To Nogales To Sonoita To S. Vista.. To Keat Jct.. To HUACHWST To David Jct HUACHEST. TOMB JCT... SLOAN. WEBB To kv.. PUEBLO. TOMBSTON... MCNEAL BUTERFLD. To BVISTATP CHARLSTN To Fairview To Winchester Apache ST,ST,CT To RAMSYTP To RAMSYTP. PALOMNAS DON LUIS. To San Pedro To Hereford SPEDROTP.. ADAMS. BOOTHILL. Q POI... CHIRICAH.. Q To Red Tail.. APACH-SW. To San Manuel Q Wind Farm. KANSAS S Apache ST,CT Apache CT,CT To Cochise To WILCOXJT General Electric International, Inc. PSLF Program Sun Aug :: Q_post.wrk Summer Planning Case SAN PEDRO - SAN PEDRO TAP KV LINE OUTAGE AZ Detailed System Rep. Q- MW/MVAR Q.drw Rating =

79 To Sahuarito To Nogales To Sonoita To S. Vista.. To Keat Jct.. To HUACHWST To David Jct HUACHEST. TOMB JCT... SLOAN. WEBB To kv.. PUEBLO. TOMBSTON... MCNEAL BUTERFLD. To BVISTATP To Fairview To Winchester Apache ST,ST,CT To RAMSYTP To RAMSYTP. PALOMNAS DON LUIS. To San Pedro CHARLSTN To Hereford SPEDROTP.. ADAMS. BOOTHILL. Q POI... CHIRICAH.. Q To Red Tail.. APACH-SW. To San Manuel Q Wind Farm. KANSAS S Apache ST,CT Apache CT,CT To Cochise To WILCOXJT General Electric International, Inc. PSLF Program Sun Aug :: Q_post.wrk Summer Planning Case POI - Mural KV Outage AZ Detailed System Rep. Q- MW/MVAR Q.drw Rating =

80 To Sahuarito To Nogales To Sonoita To S. Vista.. To Keat Jct.. To HUACHWST To David Jct HUACHEST. TOMB JCT... SLOAN. WEBB To kv.. PUEBLO. TOMBSTON... MCNEAL BUTERFLD. To BVISTATP To Fairview To Winchester Apache ST,ST,CT To RAMSYTP To RAMSYTP. PALOMNAS DON LUIS. To San Pedro CHARLSTN To Hereford SPEDROTP.. ADAMS. BOOTHILL. Q POI... CHIRICAH.. Q To Red Tail.. APACH-SW. To San Manuel Q Wind Farm. KANSAS S Apache ST,CT Apache CT,CT To Cochise To WILCOXJT General Electric International, Inc. PSLF Program Sun Aug :: Q_post.wrk Summer Planning Case POI - Mural KV Outage & Drop MW AZ Detailed System Rep. Q- MW/MVAR Q.drw Rating =

81 Appendix D Voltage Flicker Results

82 % Generations (base) Generation % Generation % Generation % Generation % Bus Name Base kv Voltage (pu) Voltage (pu) Deviation Voltage (pu) Deviation Voltage (pu) Deviation Voltage (pu) Deviation ADAMS APACH-SW ARTESIA BONITA BONITATP BOOTHILL BOWIE BOWIE BUTERFLD BUTERFLD CACTUSAE CHIRICAH COCHISE COPPERVR COPPERVR CORK CORK TAP Q Q POI DON LUIS DOSCONDO DOSCONDO FAIRVIEW FREEMAN FRISCO GREENLEE GREEN-SW GREEN-SW HACKBERY HACKBERY HOOKER HOOKERTP

83 JOHN JCT JOHNMINE KANSAS S MCNEAL MORENCI MORT TAP MORTENSN N.THATCH NOGALES PALOMNAS PD-MORNC RED TAIL RED TAIL ROMNEY SAFFORD SAFFORD SAFFTAP SAFFTAP SAN JOSE SANPEDRO SANSIMON SNJOSETP SNMANUEL SPEDROTP SPRINGR STEWART THATCHER WEBB WILCOXJT WILLCOX

84 WILLOW WINCHSTR WINCHSTR

85 Appendix E Transient Stability Switching Sequences

86 . Three-phase fault on Adams- Apache kv line, near Adams RUN FB. "ADAMS ". CFB. "ADAMS ". DL. "ADAMS ". " ". " ". Three-phase fault on Adams- Apache kv line, near Apache RUN FB. " ". CFB. " ". DL. "ADAMS ". " ". " ". Three-phase fault on Adams- Nogales kv line, near Adams RUN FB. "ADAMS ". CFB. "ADAMS ". DL. "ADAMS ". "NOGALES ". " ". Three-phase fault on Adams- Nogales kv line, near Nogales RUN FB. "NOGALES ". CFB. "NOGALES ". DL. "ADAMS ". "NOGALES ". " ". Three-phase fault on Q POI - Mural kv line, near Q POI RUN FB. "POI ". CFB. " POI ". DL. " POI ". " ". " ". Three-phase fault on Q POI - Mural kv line, near Mural RUN FB. " ". CFB. " ". DL. " POI ". " ". " "

87 . Three-phase fault on Don Luis - Mural kv line, near Don Luis RUN FB. "DON LUIS". CFB. "DON LUIS". DL. "DON LUIS". " ". " ". Three-phase fault on Don Luis - Mural kv line, near Mural RUN FB. " ". CFB. " ". DL. "DON LUIS". " ". " ". Three-phase fault on Don Luis Palomnas kv line, near Don Luis RUN FB. "DON LUIS". CFB. "DON LUIS". DL. "DON LUIS". "PALOMNAS". " ". Three-phase fault on Don Luis Palomnas kv line, near Palomnas RUN FB. "PALOMNAS". CFB. "PALOMNAS". DL. "DON LUIS". "PALOMNAS". " ". Three-phase fault on Fairview San Pedro kv line, near Fairview RUN FB. "FAIRVIEW". CFB. "FAIRVIEW". DL. "FAIRVIEW". "SPEDROTP". " ". Three-phase fault on Fairview San Pedro kv line, near San Pedro RUN FB. "SPEDROTP". CFB. "SPEDROTP". DL. "FAIRVIEW". "SPEDROTP". " "

88 . Three-phase fault on San Pedro - Mural kv line, near Mural RUN FB. " ". CFB. " ". DL. " ". "SPEDROTP". " ". Three-phase fault on San Pedro - Mural kv line, near San Pedro RUN FB. "SPEDROTP". CFB. "SPEDROTP". DL. " ". "SPEDROTP". " "

89 Appendix F Transient Stability Modeling

90 Document.txt // epcgen "Q". " " : # mva=. "clippergn.p". "rsrc". "xsrc". "H". "Kpll". "TAUpll". "RSinit". epctrb "Q". " " : # "clippertr.p". "Kpp". "Kpi". "PAmax". "PAmin". "PAinit". epcgen "Q". " " : # mva=. "clippergn.p". "rsrc". "xsrc". "H". "Kpll". "TAUpll". "RSinit". epctrb "Q". " " : # "clippertr.p". "Kpp". "Kpi". "PAmax". "PAmin". "PAinit". epcgen "Q". " " : # mva=. "clippergn.p". "rsrc". "xsrc". "H". "Kpll". "TAUpll". "RSinit". epctrb "Q". " " : # "clippertr.p". "Kpp". "Kpi". "PAmax". "PAmin". "PAinit". epcgen "Q". " " : # mva=. "clippergn.p". "rsrc". "xsrc". "H". "Kpll". "TAUpll". "RSinit". epctrb "Q". " " : # "clippertr.p". "Kpp". "Kpi". "PAmax". "PAmin". "PAinit".

91 clippergn.p // /*****************************************************************************/ /********* clippergn - Clipper Liberty Series Generator/Inverter Model *******/ /*****************************************************************************/ /***** Michael R. Behnke, BEW Engineering, Inc., San Ramon, CA *********/ /************* Revision C -- September, ********************/ /*****************************************************************************/ /* This epcl computes the commanded generator torque and determines network */ /* current injection for the turbine's inverter output. Single rigid-mass */ /* drivetrain representation is used. */ /*****************************************************************************/ /*****************************************************************************/ /* Prerequisite: Generator present in load flow solution, xsrc = */ /* */ /* /* Input parameters: States: */ */ /* Storage variables: */ /* */ /* Input parameters: */ /* epcgen[@mx].rsrc = source resistance, pu (.) */ /* /* epcgen[@mx].xsrc = source reactance, pu (.) epcgen[@mx].h = machine inertia constant, sec (.) */ */ /* epcgen[@mx].kpll = PLL gain, pu (.) */ /* epcgen[@mx].taupll = PLL time constant, sec (.) */ /* epcgen[@mx].rsinit = initial rotor speed, pu (.) */ /* */ /* State variables: */ /* epcgen[@mx].s = rotor speed, pu */ /* epcgen[@mx].s = active power controller integrator output */ /* epcgen[@mx].s = reactive power controller integrator output */ /* */ /* Storage variables: */ /* epcgen[@mx].v = mechanical torque, pu on windplant base */ /* epcgen[@mx].v = electrical torque, pu on windplant base */ /* epcgen[@mx].v = generator status, = on line, = off line */ /* epcgen[@mx].v = inverter power factor */ /* epcgen[@mx].v = desired active power, pu on windplant base */ /* epcgen[@mx].v = desired reactive power, pu on windplant base */ /* epcgen[@mx].v = actual reactive power, pu on windplant base */ /* epcgen[@mx].v = memory for overvoltage timer # */ /* epcgen[@mx].v = memory for overvoltage timer # */ /* epcgen[@mx].v = memory for undervoltage timer # */ /* /* epcgen[@mx].v = memory for over/under frequency timer # */ */ /* /* Input from clippertr model: genbc[@k].pmech = mechanical power, pu on windplant base */ */ /* */ /* Output channels: */ /* epcgen[@mx].v = electrical output power, pu on windplant base */ /* epcgen[@mx].v = output reactive power, pu on windplant base */ /* epcgen[@mx].v = terminal voltage magnitude, pu */ /* epcgen[@mx].v = terminal current magnitude, pu on windplant base */ /* epcgen[@mx].v = rotor speed, pu */ /* */ /* /* Invocation in dyd file: epcgen bus_number bus_name bus_kv model_id : # "clippergn.p" / */ */ /* "rsrc". "xsrc". "H". "Kpll". "TAUpll". / */ /* "RSinit". */ /* */ /*****************************************************************************/ define INIT define SORC define ALGE define RATE define OUTP

92 clippergn.p = dypar[].mode /* determine run-time mode = dypar[].cmi /* current model index in edds table = model[@mx].k /* genbc table index = = model[@mx].bus /* gens table index */ /* internal bus number = = epcgen[@mx].kpll /* mva base of this model */ /* PLL proportional gain /* PLL integral gain */ switch (@mode) case INIT: /* flag to indicate generator status, = on line, = off line */ epcgen[@mx].v = /* initiate over and under voltage timers */ epcgen[@mx].v = dypar[].time epcgen[@mx].v = dypar[].time epcgen[@mx].v = dypar[].time epcgen[@mx].v = dypar[].time /* set initial speed from dyd invocation */ genbc[@k].speed = epcgen[@mx].rsinit /* set initial powers and torques from load flow solution */ genbc[@k].pelec = gens[@kgen].pgen / gens[@kgen].mbase genbc[@k].pmech = genbc[@k].pelec epcgen[@mx].v = genbc[@k].pmech/genbc[@k].speed /* mechanical torque */ epcgen[@mx].v = epcgen[@mx].v /* electrical torque */ /* Set and fix power factor from load flow solution. Positive power factor represents overexcited operation; negative power factor is underexcited. Inverter runs at fixed power factor, only. */ epcgen[@mx].v = genbc[@k].pelec /* desired active power */ epcgen[@mx].v = gens[@kgen].qgen / gens[@kgen].mbase /* actual reactive power */ epcgen[@mx].v = epcgen[@mx].v /* desired reactive power */ epcgen[@mx].v = cos(arctan(gens[@kgen].qgen/gens[@kgen].pgen)) if (gens[@kgen].qgen < ) epcgen[@mx].v = -epcgen[@mx].v /* power factor */ endif /* initialize state variables */ epcgen[@mx].s = genbc[@k].speed /* rotor speed */ epcgen[@mx].s = genbc[@k].pelec / epcgen[@mx].vt /* active power controller integrator */ epcgen[@mx].s = epcgen[@mx].v / epcgen[@mx].vt /* reactive power controller integrator */ /* output channel heading definition */ channel_head[].type = "pg" channel_head[].cmin =. channel_head[].cmax =. channel_head[].type = "qg" channel_head[].cmin = -. channel_head[].cmax =. channel_head[].type = "vt" channel_head[].cmin =. channel_head[].cmax =. channel_head[].type = "it" channel_head[].cmin =. channel_head[].cmax =. channel_head[].type = "spd" channel_head[].cmin =. channel_head[].cmax =. break

93 clippergn.p // case SORC: /* calculate desired real and reactive power output */ = * epcgen[@mx].v = epcgen[@mx].v * tan(arccos(epcgen[@mx].v)) /* set desired quadrature and direct axis inverter current (on terminal bus axes) = epcgen[@mx].v - = epcgen[@mx].v - epcgen[@mx].v if (gens[@kgen].st = ) epcgen[@mx].pcur + epcgen[@mx].s epcgen[@mx].qcur + epcgen[@mx].s endif /* apply current limit = hypot(epcgen[@mx].pcur,epcgen[@mx].qcur) if (@imag epcgen[@mx].pcur = epcgen[@mx].pcur epcgen[@mx].qcur = epcgen[@mx].qcur endif break case ALGE: /* measure generator bus voltage and frequency = = (netw[@busnum].f +.) * dypar[].omegao/. /* reset timers, if appropriate */ if (@vbus <.) epcgen[@mx].v = dypar[].time endif if (@vbus <.) epcgen[@mx].v = dypar[].time endif if (@vbus >.) epcgen[@mx].v = dypar[].time endif if ((@fbus >.) or (@fbus <.) or (@vbus >=.) or (@vbus <=.)) epcgen[@mx].v = dypar[].time endif /* check for timer expirations */ if ((@vbus >=.) and ((dypar[].time - epcgen[@mx].v) >.)) gens[@kgen].st = endif if ((@vbus >=.) and ((dypar[].time - epcgen[@mx].v) >.)) gens[@kgen].st = endif if ((@vbus <=.) and ((dypar[].time - epcgen[@mx].v) >.)) gens[@kgen].st = endif if (((@fbus <=.) or (@fbus >=.) or (@vbus >=.) or (@vbus <=.)) and ((dypar[].time - epcgen[@mx].v) >.)) gens[@kgen].st = endif /* check if machine is out of service */ if (gens[@kgen].st = ) epcgen[@mx].pcur =. epcgen[@mx].qcur =. epcgen[@mx].v =. if (epcgen[@mx].v = ) logterm("clippergn tripped at t =",dypar[].time::," sec<") epcgen[@mx].v = endif

94 clippergn.p // endif /* determine commanded torque from control law */ if <.) =. elseif >.) =. / genbc[@k].speed else epcgen[@mx].v = genbc[@k].speed * genbc[@k].speed endif /* limit commanded electrical torque =. * abs(epcgen[@mx].v) * hypot(epcgen[@mx].er,epcgen[@mx].ei)/ genbc[@k].speed if (epcgen[@mx].v epcgen[@mx].v endif /* update speed and compute new mechanical torque; pmech updated by clippertr.p */ genbc[@k].speed = epcgen[@mx].s epcgen[@mx].v = genbc[@k].pmech / genbc[@k].speed break case RATE: /* calculate speed change = epcgen[@mx].v - epcgen[@mx].v epcgen[@mx].ds / (. * epcgen[@mx].h) /* determine active power regulator integrator change */ epcgen[@mx].ds * (epcgen[@mx].v - genbc[@k].pelec) /* anti-windup for active power regulator =. * abs(epcgen[@mx].v) - (epcgen[@mx].v - =. - (epcgen[@mx].v - genbc[@k].pelec) if (epcgen[@mx].s epcgen[@mx].s epcgen[@mx].zs = epcgen[@mx].s endif if (epcgen[@mx].s epcgen[@mx].s epcgen[@mx].zs = epcgen[@mx].s endif if ((epcgen[@mx].s and (epcgen[@mx].ds >.)) epcgen[@mx].ds =. endif if ((epcgen[@mx].s and (epcgen[@mx].ds <.)) epcgen[@mx].ds =. endif /* determine reactive power regulator integrator change */ epcgen[@mx].ds * (epcgen[@mx].v - epcgen[@mx].v) /* anti-windup for reactive power regulator =. * abs(tan(arccos(epcgen[@mx].v))) - (epcgen[@mx].v - = -. * abs(tan(arccos(epcgen[@mx].v))) - (epcgen[@mx].v - epcgen[@mx].v) if (epcgen[@mx].s epcgen[@mx].s epcgen[@mx].zs = epcgen[@mx].s endif if (epcgen[@mx].s epcgen[@mx].s epcgen[@mx].zs = epcgen[@mx].s endif if ((epcgen[@mx].s and (epcgen[@mx].ds >.)) epcgen[@mx].ds =. endif

95 clippergn.p // end if and <.)) =. endif /* compute new active and reactive power output */ = * + * epcgen[@mx].v = epcgen[@mx].ei * epcgen[@mx].itr - epcgen[@mx].er * epcgen[@mx].iti break case OUTP: /* create plot outputs */ epcgen[@mx].v = genbc[@k].pelec /* active power */ epcgen[@mx].v = epcgen[@mx].v /* reactive power */ epcgen[@mx].v = volt[@busnum].vm /* terminal voltage magnitude */ epcgen[@mx].v = hypot(epcgen[@mx].itr, epcgen[@mx].iti) /*terminal current magnitude */ epcgen[@mx].v = genbc[@k].speed /* speed */ break endcase

96 clippertr.p // /*****************************************************************************/ /********* clippertr - Clipper Liberty Series Turbine Model ***********/ /*****************************************************************************/ /***** Michael R. Behnke, BEW Engineering, Inc., San Ramon, CA *********/ /************* Revision C -- September, ********************/ /****************************************************************************** * This epcl simulates the mechanical control of the Liberty series wind * * turbine. The initial available power in the wind is set through input * parameter PWinit. If GE wind gust model windgust.p is present in the * * * dynamics model table, that model governs available wind power (refer to * * PSLF documentation.) If windgust.p is not present, a constant wind power * * equal to the per unit electrical power from the load flow solution is * * maintained through duration of the the simulation. * /****************************************************************************** Prerequisite: Preceeded by generator model epcgen (clippergn.p) in dynamics table Input parameters: States: Storage variables: Input parameters: epctrb[@mx].kpp Pitch controller proportional gain, pu (.) epctrb[@mx].kpi Pitch controller integral gain, pu (.) epctrb[@mx].pamax Maximum pitch angle, deg () epctrb[@mx].pamin Maximum pitch angle, deg () epctrb[@mx].painit Initial pitch angle, deg () Input from clippergn model: genbc[@k].speed = generator speed, pu State variables: s Pitch controller integrator output, deg Storage variables: epcmod[@mx].v genbc index Output channels: v Mechanical power, pu on wind plant base Invocation in dyd file: epctrb bus_number bus_name bus_kv model_id : # "clippertr.p" "Kpp"./ "Kpi". "PAmax". "PAmin". "PAinit". ************* End of Model Comments and Data Description ********************/ define INIT define SORC define ALGE define RATE define = = dypar[].cmi /* current model index */ if > = epcmod[@mx].v /* genbc index number */ endif switch (@mode) case INIT: /* getting the genbc index number and store it in epcmod[].v = = busd[@intnum].extnum $id = = = model[@indx_model].k

97 clippertr.p // = = genbc[@k].kgen /* initialize state variable; speed is initialized in epcgen = genbc[@k].speed -. epctrb[@mx].s = epctrb[@mx].painit - epctrb[@mx].kpp /* set initial available wind power */ genbc[@k].glimv = genbc[@k].pmech /* output variable initialization */ epctrb[@mx].v = gens[@kgen].pgen / gens[@kgen].mbase /* mechanical power */ /* output channel heading definition */ channel_head[].type = "pmec" channel_head[].cmin =. channel_head[].cmax =. break case RATE: /* calculate speed error = genbc[@k].speed -. /* calculate pitch demand = epctrb[@mx].kpp + epctrb[@mx].s /* limit and anti-windup */ if > epctrb[@mx].pamax = epctrb[@mx].pamax epctrb[@mx].s = epctrb[@mx].pamax - epctrb[@mx].kpp epctrb[@mx].zs = epctrb[@mx].s endif if < epctrb[@mx].pamin = epctrb[@mx].pamin epctrb[@mx].s = epctrb[@mx].pamin - epctrb[@mx].kpp epctrb[@mx].zs = epctrb[@mx].s endif /* derivative of state s */ epctrb[@mx].ds = epctrb[@mx].kpi if (( epctrb[@mx].s >= epctrb[@mx].pamax ) and (epctrb[@mx].ds > )) epctrb[@mx].ds = endif if (( epctrb[@mx].s <= epctrb[@mx].pamin ) and (epctrb[@mx].ds < )) epctrb[@mx].ds = endif break case ALGE: /* calculate mechanical power from available wind power and pitch angle = genbc[@k].speed = epctrb[@mx].kpp + epctrb[@mx].s genbc[@k].pmech = genbc[@k].glimv * cos(@pdem *.) /* output variables for plotting */ epctrb[@mx].v = genbc[@k].pmech /* mechanical power */ break endcase

98 Appendix G Transient Stability Analysis Results

99 -Φ Fault bus Line Out Transnet Voltage Dip Violations Transient Frequency Dip Violations Post Transnet Voltage Violations Damping Adams Adams - Apache > Apache Adams - Apache > Adams Adams - Nogales > Nogales Adams - Nogales > Mural Mural - POI > POI Mural - POI > Don Luis Don Luis - Mural > Mural Don Luis - Mural > Don Luis Don Luis - Palmonas > Palmonas Don Luis - Palmonas > Fairview Fairview - SanPedro Tap > SanPedro Fairview - SanPedro Tap > SanPedro Mural - SanPedro Tap > Mural Mural - SanPedro Tap > SanPedro San Pedro - SanPedro Tap > San Pedro San Pedro - SanPedro Tap >

100 Appendix H Transient Stability Plots

101 Heavy Summer WECC Power Flow ARIZONA_voltages ( kv): WW(black), PP(red), CG(green), KYX(blue), RUX(magenta).. EHV_voltages ( kv): FC(black), NV(red), PLX(green), McCullough(blue), KYX(magenta), WW(cyan)..... Rotorangles: CH#(black), FC#(red), NV#(green), PLX#(blue), SG#(magenta), (cyan) Frequencies ( kv): FC(black), NV(red), PLX(green), (blue), KYX(magenta), WW(cyan)... WESTERN ELECTRICITY COORDINATING COUNCIL HSB APPROVED BASE CASE JANUARY, ALL COMMENTS FROM THE TSS REVIEW ARE INCLUDED. coopstab_final_adams_apache.chf Page c:\upslf\mypslf Wed May ::

102 Heavy Summer WECC Power Flow ARIZONA_voltages ( kv): Adams(black), Boothill(red), Apache(green), Nogales(blue), Mural(magenta).... kv_voltages: Boothill(black), Mural(red), Don Luis(green), SPedro(blue), Fairview(magenta)..... Rotorangles: COP(black), (red), (green), Saguaro(blue), SG#(magenta), (cyan) Frequencies: COP(black), (red), (green), Saguaro(blue), SG#(magenta), (cyan), Mur... WESTERN ELECTRICITY COORDINATING COUNCIL HSB APPROVED BASE CASE JANUARY, ALL COMMENTS FROM THE TSS REVIEW ARE INCLUDED. coopstab_final_adams_apache.chf Page c:\upslf\mypslf Wed May ::

103 Heavy Summer WECC Power Flow ARIZONA_voltages ( kv): WW(black), PP(red), CG(green), KYX(blue), RUX(magenta).. EHV_voltages ( kv): FC(black), NV(red), PLX(green), McCullough(blue), KYX(magenta), WW(cyan)..... Rotorangles: CH#(black), FC#(red), NV#(green), PLX#(blue), SG#(magenta), (cyan) Frequencies ( kv): FC(black), NV(red), PLX(green), (blue), KYX(magenta), WW(cyan)... WESTERN ELECTRICITY COORDINATING COUNCIL HSB APPROVED BASE CASE JANUARY, ALL COMMENTS FROM THE TSS REVIEW ARE INCLUDED. coopstab_final_apache_adams.chf Page f\mypslf\channel files Wed May ::

104 Heavy Summer WECC Power Flow ARIZONA_voltages ( kv): Adams(black), Boothill(red), Apache(green), Nogales(blue), Mural(magenta).... kv_voltages: Boothill(black), Mural(red), Don Luis(green), SPedro(blue), Fairview(magenta)..... Rotorangles: COP(black), (red), (green), Saguaro(blue), SG#(magenta), (cyan) -.. Frequencies: COP(black), (red), (green), Saguaro(blue), SG#(magenta), (cyan), Mur... WESTERN ELECTRICITY COORDINATING COUNCIL HSB APPROVED BASE CASE JANUARY, ALL COMMENTS FROM THE TSS REVIEW ARE INCLUDED. coopstab_final_apache_adams.chf Page f\mypslf\channel files Wed May ::

105 Heavy Summer WECC Power Flow ARIZONA_voltages ( kv): WW(black), PP(red), CG(green), KYX(blue), RUX(magenta).. EHV_voltages ( kv): FC(black), NV(red), PLX(green), McCullough(blue), KYX(magenta), WW(cyan)..... Rotorangles: CH#(black), FC#(red), NV#(green), PLX#(blue), SG#(magenta), (cyan) Frequencies ( kv): FC(black), NV(red), PLX(green), (blue), KYX(magenta), WW(cyan)... WESTERN ELECTRICITY COORDINATING COUNCIL HSB APPROVED BASE CASE JANUARY, ALL COMMENTS FROM THE TSS REVIEW ARE INCLUDED. coopstab_final_adams_nogales.chf Page f\mypslf\channel files Wed May ::

106 Heavy Summer WECC Power Flow ARIZONA_voltages ( kv): Adams(black), Boothill(red), Apache(green), Nogales(blue), Mural(magenta).... kv_voltages: Boothill(black), Mural(red), Don Luis(green), SPedro(blue), Fairview(magenta)..... Rotorangles: COP(black), (red), (green), Saguaro(blue), SG#(magenta), (cyan) -.. Frequencies: COP(black), (red), (green), Saguaro(blue), SG#(magenta), (cyan), Mur... WESTERN ELECTRICITY COORDINATING COUNCIL HSB APPROVED BASE CASE JANUARY, ALL COMMENTS FROM THE TSS REVIEW ARE INCLUDED. coopstab_final_adams_nogales.chf Page f\mypslf\channel files Wed May ::

107 Heavy Summer WECC Power Flow ARIZONA_voltages ( kv): WW(black), PP(red), CG(green), KYX(blue), RUX(magenta).. EHV_voltages ( kv): FC(black), NV(red), PLX(green), McCullough(blue), KYX(magenta), WW(cyan)..... Rotorangles: CH#(black), FC#(red), NV#(green), PLX#(blue), SG#(magenta), (cyan) Frequencies ( kv): FC(black), NV(red), PLX(green), (blue), KYX(magenta), WW(cyan)... WESTERN ELECTRICITY COORDINATING COUNCIL HSB APPROVED BASE CASE JANUARY, ALL COMMENTS FROM THE TSS REVIEW ARE INCLUDED. coopstab_final_nogales_adams.chf Page f\mypslf\channel files Wed May ::

108 Heavy Summer WECC Power Flow ARIZONA_voltages ( kv): Adams(black), Boothill(red), Apache(green), Nogales(blue), Mural(magenta).... kv_voltages: Boothill(black), Mural(red), Don Luis(green), SPedro(blue), Fairview(magenta)..... Rotorangles: COP(black), (red), (green), Saguaro(blue), SG#(magenta), (cyan) -.. Frequencies: COP(black), (red), (green), Saguaro(blue), SG#(magenta), (cyan), Mur... WESTERN ELECTRICITY COORDINATING COUNCIL HSB APPROVED BASE CASE JANUARY, ALL COMMENTS FROM THE TSS REVIEW ARE INCLUDED. coopstab_final_nogales_adams.chf Page f\mypslf\channel files Wed May ::

109 Heavy Summer WECC Power Flow ARIZONA_voltages ( kv): WW(black), PP(red), CG(green), KYX(blue), RUX(magenta).. EHV_voltages ( kv): FC(black), NV(red), PLX(green), McCullough(blue), KYX(magenta), WW(cyan)..... Rotorangles: CH#(black), FC#(red), NV#(green), PLX#(blue), SG#(magenta), (cyan) Frequencies ( kv): FC(black), NV(red), PLX(green), (blue), KYX(magenta), WW(cyan)... WESTERN ELECTRICITY COORDINATING COUNCIL HSB APPROVED BASE CASE JANUARY, ALL COMMENTS FROM THE TSS REVIEW ARE INCLUDED. coopstab_final_cp_mur.chf Page f\mypslf\channel files Wed May ::

110 Heavy Summer WECC Power Flow ARIZONA_voltages ( kv): Adams(black), Boothill(red), Apache(green), Nogales(blue), Mural(magenta).... kv_voltages: Boothill(black), Mural(red), Don Luis(green), SPedro(blue), Fairview(magenta)..... Rotorangles: COP(black), (red), (green), Saguaro(blue), SG#(magenta), (cyan) -.. Frequencies: COP(black), (red), (green), Saguaro(blue), SG#(magenta), (cyan), Mur... WESTERN ELECTRICITY COORDINATING COUNCIL HSB APPROVED BASE CASE JANUARY, ALL COMMENTS FROM THE TSS REVIEW ARE INCLUDED. coopstab_final_cp_mur.chf Page f\mypslf\channel files Wed May ::

111 Heavy Summer WECC Power Flow ARIZONA_voltages ( kv): WW(black), PP(red), CG(green), KYX(blue), RUX(magenta).. EHV_voltages ( kv): FC(black), NV(red), PLX(green), McCullough(blue), KYX(magenta), WW(cyan)..... Rotorangles: CH#(black), FC#(red), NV#(green), PLX#(blue), SG#(magenta), (cyan) Frequencies ( kv): FC(black), NV(red), PLX(green), (blue), KYX(magenta), WW(cyan)... WESTERN ELECTRICITY COORDINATING COUNCIL HSB APPROVED BASE CASE JANUARY, ALL COMMENTS FROM THE TSS REVIEW ARE INCLUDED. coopstab_final_mur_cp.chf Page f\mypslf\channel files Wed May ::

112 Heavy Summer WECC Power Flow ARIZONA_voltages ( kv): Adams(black), Boothill(red), Apache(green), Nogales(blue), Mural(magenta).... kv_voltages: Boothill(black), Mural(red), Don Luis(green), SPedro(blue), Fairview(magenta)..... Rotorangles: COP(black), (red), (green), Saguaro(blue), SG#(magenta), (cyan) -.. Frequencies: COP(black), (red), (green), Saguaro(blue), SG#(magenta), (cyan), Mur... WESTERN ELECTRICITY COORDINATING COUNCIL HSB APPROVED BASE CASE JANUARY, ALL COMMENTS FROM THE TSS REVIEW ARE INCLUDED. coopstab_final_mur_cp.chf Page f\mypslf\channel files Wed May ::

113 Heavy Summer WECC Power Flow ARIZONA_voltages ( kv): WW(black), PP(red), CG(green), KYX(blue), RUX(magenta).. EHV_voltages ( kv): FC(black), NV(red), PLX(green), McCullough(blue), KYX(magenta), WW(cyan)..... Rotorangles: CH#(black), FC#(red), NV#(green), PLX#(blue), SG#(magenta), (cyan) Frequencies ( kv): FC(black), NV(red), PLX(green), (blue), KYX(magenta), WW(cyan)... WESTERN ELECTRICITY COORDINATING COUNCIL HSB APPROVED BASE CASE JANUARY, ALL COMMENTS FROM THE TSS REVIEW ARE INCLUDED. coopstab_final_dl_mur.chf Page f\mypslf\channel files Wed May ::

114 Heavy Summer WECC Power Flow ARIZONA_voltages ( kv): Adams(black), Boothill(red), Apache(green), Nogales(blue), Mural(magenta).... kv_voltages: Boothill(black), Mural(red), Don Luis(green), SPedro(blue), Fairview(magenta)..... Rotorangles: COP(black), (red), (green), Saguaro(blue), SG#(magenta), (cyan) -.. Frequencies: COP(black), (red), (green), Saguaro(blue), SG#(magenta), (cyan), Mur... WESTERN ELECTRICITY COORDINATING COUNCIL HSB APPROVED BASE CASE JANUARY, ALL COMMENTS FROM THE TSS REVIEW ARE INCLUDED. coopstab_final_dl_mur.chf Page f\mypslf\channel files Wed May ::

115 Heavy Summer WECC Power Flow ARIZONA_voltages ( kv): WW(black), PP(red), CG(green), KYX(blue), RUX(magenta).. EHV_voltages ( kv): FC(black), NV(red), PLX(green), McCullough(blue), KYX(magenta), WW(cyan)..... Rotorangles: CH#(black), FC#(red), NV#(green), PLX#(blue), SG#(magenta), (cyan) Frequencies ( kv): FC(black), NV(red), PLX(green), (blue), KYX(magenta), WW(cyan)... WESTERN ELECTRICITY COORDINATING COUNCIL HSB APPROVED BASE CASE JANUARY, ALL COMMENTS FROM THE TSS REVIEW ARE INCLUDED. coopstab_final_mur_dl.chf Page f\mypslf\channel files Wed May ::

116 Heavy Summer WECC Power Flow ARIZONA_voltages ( kv): Adams(black), Boothill(red), Apache(green), Nogales(blue), Mural(magenta).... kv_voltages: Boothill(black), Mural(red), Don Luis(green), SPedro(blue), Fairview(magenta)..... Rotorangles: COP(black), (red), (green), Saguaro(blue), SG#(magenta), (cyan) -.. Frequencies: COP(black), (red), (green), Saguaro(blue), SG#(magenta), (cyan), Mur... WESTERN ELECTRICITY COORDINATING COUNCIL HSB APPROVED BASE CASE JANUARY, ALL COMMENTS FROM THE TSS REVIEW ARE INCLUDED. coopstab_final_mur_dl.chf Page f\mypslf\channel files Wed May ::

117 Heavy Summer WECC Power Flow ARIZONA_voltages ( kv): WW(black), PP(red), CG(green), KYX(blue), RUX(magenta).. EHV_voltages ( kv): FC(black), NV(red), PLX(green), McCullough(blue), KYX(magenta), WW(cyan)..... Rotorangles: CH#(black), FC#(red), NV#(green), PLX#(blue), SG#(magenta), (cyan) Frequencies ( kv): FC(black), NV(red), PLX(green), (blue), KYX(magenta), WW(cyan)... WESTERN ELECTRICITY COORDINATING COUNCIL HSB APPROVED BASE CASE JANUARY, ALL COMMENTS FROM THE TSS REVIEW ARE INCLUDED. coopstab_final_dl_pal.chf Page f\mypslf\channel files Wed May ::

118 Heavy Summer WECC Power Flow ARIZONA_voltages ( kv): Adams(black), Boothill(red), Apache(green), Nogales(blue), Mural(magenta).... kv_voltages: Boothill(black), Mural(red), Don Luis(green), SPedro(blue), Fairview(magenta)..... Rotorangles: COP(black), (red), (green), Saguaro(blue), SG#(magenta), (cyan) -.. Frequencies: COP(black), (red), (green), Saguaro(blue), SG#(magenta), (cyan), Mur... WESTERN ELECTRICITY COORDINATING COUNCIL HSB APPROVED BASE CASE JANUARY, ALL COMMENTS FROM THE TSS REVIEW ARE INCLUDED. coopstab_final_dl_pal.chf Page f\mypslf\channel files Wed May ::

119 Heavy Summer WECC Power Flow ARIZONA_voltages ( kv): WW(black), PP(red), CG(green), KYX(blue), RUX(magenta).. EHV_voltages ( kv): FC(black), NV(red), PLX(green), McCullough(blue), KYX(magenta), WW(cyan)..... Rotorangles: CH#(black), FC#(red), NV#(green), PLX#(blue), SG#(magenta), (cyan) Frequencies ( kv): FC(black), NV(red), PLX(green), (blue), KYX(magenta), WW(cyan)... WESTERN ELECTRICITY COORDINATING COUNCIL HSB APPROVED BASE CASE JANUARY, ALL COMMENTS FROM THE TSS REVIEW ARE INCLUDED. coopstab_final_pal_dl.chf Page f\mypslf\channel files Wed May ::

120 Heavy Summer WECC Power Flow ARIZONA_voltages ( kv): Adams(black), Boothill(red), Apache(green), Nogales(blue), Mural(magenta).... kv_voltages: Boothill(black), Mural(red), Don Luis(green), SPedro(blue), Fairview(magenta)..... Rotorangles: COP(black), (red), (green), Saguaro(blue), SG#(magenta), (cyan) -.. Frequencies: COP(black), (red), (green), Saguaro(blue), SG#(magenta), (cyan), Mur... WESTERN ELECTRICITY COORDINATING COUNCIL HSB APPROVED BASE CASE JANUARY, ALL COMMENTS FROM THE TSS REVIEW ARE INCLUDED. coopstab_final_pal_dl.chf Page f\mypslf\channel files Wed May ::

121 Heavy Summer WECC Power Flow ARIZONA_voltages ( kv): WW(black), PP(red), CG(green), KYX(blue), RUX(magenta).. EHV_voltages ( kv): FC(black), NV(red), PLX(green), McCullough(blue), KYX(magenta), WW(cyan)..... Rotorangles: CH#(black), FC#(red), NV#(green), PLX#(blue), SG#(magenta), (cyan) Frequencies ( kv): FC(black), NV(red), PLX(green), (blue), KYX(magenta), WW(cyan)... WESTERN ELECTRICITY COORDINATING COUNCIL HSB APPROVED BASE CASE JANUARY, ALL COMMENTS FROM THE TSS REVIEW ARE INCLUDED. coopstab_final_fair_sped.chf Page f\mypslf\channel files Wed May ::

122 Heavy Summer WECC Power Flow ARIZONA_voltages ( kv): Adams(black), Boothill(red), Apache(green), Nogales(blue), Mural(magenta).... kv_voltages: Boothill(black), Mural(red), Don Luis(green), SPedro(blue), Fairview(magenta)..... Rotorangles: COP(black), (red), (green), Saguaro(blue), SG#(magenta), (cyan) -.. Frequencies: COP(black), (red), (green), Saguaro(blue), SG#(magenta), (cyan), Mur... WESTERN ELECTRICITY COORDINATING COUNCIL HSB APPROVED BASE CASE JANUARY, ALL COMMENTS FROM THE TSS REVIEW ARE INCLUDED. coopstab_final_fair_sped.chf Page f\mypslf\channel files Wed May ::

123 Heavy Summer WECC Power Flow ARIZONA_voltages ( kv): WW(black), PP(red), CG(green), KYX(blue), RUX(magenta).. EHV_voltages ( kv): FC(black), NV(red), PLX(green), McCullough(blue), KYX(magenta), WW(cyan)..... Rotorangles: CH#(black), FC#(red), NV#(green), PLX#(blue), SG#(magenta), (cyan) Frequencies ( kv): FC(black), NV(red), PLX(green), (blue), KYX(magenta), WW(cyan)... WESTERN ELECTRICITY COORDINATING COUNCIL HSB APPROVED BASE CASE JANUARY, ALL COMMENTS FROM THE TSS REVIEW ARE INCLUDED. coopstab_final_sped_fair.chf Page f\mypslf\channel files Wed May ::

124 Heavy Summer WECC Power Flow ARIZONA_voltages ( kv): Adams(black), Boothill(red), Apache(green), Nogales(blue), Mural(magenta).... kv_voltages: Boothill(black), Mural(red), Don Luis(green), SPedro(blue), Fairview(magenta)..... Rotorangles: COP(black), (red), (green), Saguaro(blue), SG#(magenta), (cyan) -.. Frequencies: COP(black), (red), (green), Saguaro(blue), SG#(magenta), (cyan), Mur... WESTERN ELECTRICITY COORDINATING COUNCIL HSB APPROVED BASE CASE JANUARY, ALL COMMENTS FROM THE TSS REVIEW ARE INCLUDED. coopstab_final_sped_fair.chf Page f\mypslf\channel files Wed May ::

125 Heavy Summer WECC Power Flow ARIZONA_voltages ( kv): WW(black), PP(red), CG(green), KYX(blue), RUX(magenta).. EHV_voltages ( kv): FC(black), NV(red), PLX(green), McCullough(blue), KYX(magenta), WW(cyan)..... Rotorangles: CH#(black), FC#(red), NV#(green), PLX#(blue), SG#(magenta), (cyan) Frequencies ( kv): FC(black), NV(red), PLX(green), (blue), KYX(magenta), WW(cyan)... WESTERN ELECTRICITY COORDINATING COUNCIL HSB APPROVED BASE CASE JANUARY, ALL COMMENTS FROM THE TSS REVIEW ARE INCLUDED. coopstab_final_mur_sped.chf Page f\mypslf\channel files Wed May ::

126 Heavy Summer WECC Power Flow ARIZONA_voltages ( kv): Adams(black), Boothill(red), Apache(green), Nogales(blue), Mural(magenta).... kv_voltages: Boothill(black), Mural(red), Don Luis(green), SPedro(blue), Fairview(magenta)..... Rotorangles: COP(black), (red), (green), Saguaro(blue), SG#(magenta), (cyan) -.. Frequencies: COP(black), (red), (green), Saguaro(blue), SG#(magenta), (cyan), Mur... WESTERN ELECTRICITY COORDINATING COUNCIL HSB APPROVED BASE CASE JANUARY, ALL COMMENTS FROM THE TSS REVIEW ARE INCLUDED. coopstab_final_mur_sped.chf Page f\mypslf\channel files Wed May ::

127 Heavy Summer WECC Power Flow ARIZONA_voltages ( kv): WW(black), PP(red), CG(green), KYX(blue), RUX(magenta).. EHV_voltages ( kv): FC(black), NV(red), PLX(green), McCullough(blue), KYX(magenta), WW(cyan)..... Rotorangles: CH#(black), FC#(red), NV#(green), PLX#(blue), SG#(magenta), (cyan) Frequencies ( kv): FC(black), NV(red), PLX(green), (blue), KYX(magenta), WW(cyan)... WESTERN ELECTRICITY COORDINATING COUNCIL HSB APPROVED BASE CASE JANUARY, ALL COMMENTS FROM THE TSS REVIEW ARE INCLUDED. coopstab_final_sped_mur.chf Page f\mypslf\channel files Wed May ::

128 Heavy Summer WECC Power Flow ARIZONA_voltages ( kv): Adams(black), Boothill(red), Apache(green), Nogales(blue), Mural(magenta).... kv_voltages: Boothill(black), Mural(red), Don Luis(green), SPedro(blue), Fairview(magenta)..... Rotorangles: COP(black), (red), (green), Saguaro(blue), SG#(magenta), (cyan) -.. Frequencies: COP(black), (red), (green), Saguaro(blue), SG#(magenta), (cyan), Mur... WESTERN ELECTRICITY COORDINATING COUNCIL HSB APPROVED BASE CASE JANUARY, ALL COMMENTS FROM THE TSS REVIEW ARE INCLUDED. coopstab_final_sped_mur.chf Page f\mypslf\channel files Wed May ::