Advanced Microcontrollers Grzegorz Budzyń Lecture. 4: 16-bit. microcontrollers

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1 Advanced Microcontrollers Grzegorz Budzyń Lecture 4: 16-bit microcontrollers

2 Plan MSP430 family PIC24 family

3 Introduction MSP430

4 TI microcontrollersportfolio Source: [1]

5 TI microcontrollersportfolio Source: [1]

6 Introduction

7 Introduction MSP430 Microcontrollers (MCUs) from Texas Instruments (TI) are: 16-bit RISC-based MCUs mixed-signal processors designed specifically for ultra-low-power (ULP). MSP430 MCUshave amix of intelligent peripherals Lowcost

8 Introduction blockdiagram Source: [2]

9 Introduction-Architecture Main features: 8-MHz to 25-MHz CPU Speed 0.5KB to 256KB Flash 128B to 16KB RAM 14 to113 pins; 22 packages

10 Source: [2] MSP430X block diagram

11 MSP430X Core Main features: RISC architecture Orthogonal architecture Full register access including program counter (PC), status register (SR), and stack pointer (SP) Single-cycle register operations Large register file reduces fetches to memory. 20-bit address bus allows direct access and branching throughout the entire memory range without paging.

12 Main features: MSP430X Core 16-bit data bus allows direct manipulation of word-wide arguments. Constant generator provides the six most often used immediate values and reduces code size. Direct memory-to-memory transfers without intermediate register holding Byte, word, and 20-bit address-word addressing

13 MSP430X Core -Status Register V overflow, N negative, Z-Zero, C-Carry SCG1, SCG0 switching on/off system clock generators OSC OFF switching osciallator off CPU OFF switchingcpu off GIE interruptenable

14 MSP430X Core -Registers Registers R4-R15 are 20-bit wide Registerscanbe usedfor 8-, 16-or20-bit data

15 MSP430X Core -Addressingmodes

16 Register addressing mode Register mode operations work directly on the processor registers, R4 through R15, or on special function registers, such as the program counter or status register They are very efficient in terms of both instruction speed and code space

17 Register addressing mode Example: Before operation: R4=A002h R5=F50Ah PC = PCpos Operation: MOV R4, R5 After operation: R4=A002h R5=A002h PC = PCpos+ 2

18 Indexed addressing mode The Indexed mode commands are formatted as X(Rn), where X is a constant and Rnis one of the CPU registers The absolute memory location X+Rnis addressed Indexed mode addressing is useful for applications such as lookup tables

19 Indexed addressing mode Example: Before operation: R4=A002h R5=050Ah Loc:0xF50A=0123h Operation: MOV F000h(R5), R4 After operation: R4=0123h R5=050Ah Loc:0xF50A=0123h

20 Symbolic addressing mode Symbolic mode allows the assignment of labels to fixed memory locations, so that those locations can be addressed Symbolic mode allows the assignment of labels to fixed memory locations, so that those locations can be addressed

21 Symbolic addressing mode Example: Before operation: XPT=A002h Location YPT=050Ah Operation: MOV XPT, YPT After operation: XPT= A002h Location YPT=A002h

22 Absolute addressing mode Similar to Symbolic mode, with the difference that the label is preceded by & Example: Before operation: Location XPT=A002h Location YPT=050Ah Operation: MOV &XPT, &YPT After operation: Location XPT= A002h Location YPT=A002h

23 Indirect register addressing mode The data word addressed is located in the memory location pointed to by Rn Indirect mode is not valid for destination operands, but can be emulated with the indexed mode format 0(Rn)

24 Indirect register addressing mode Example: Before operation: R4=A002h R5=050Ah Loc:0xA002=0123h Operation: R5 After operation: R4= A002h R5=0123h Loc:0xA002=0123h

25 Indirect auto increment mode Similar to indirect register mode, but with indirect auto increment mode The operand is incremented as part of the instruction The format for operands This is useful for working on blocks of data

26 Indirect auto increment mode Example: Before operation: R4=A002h R5=050Ah Loc:0xA002=0123h Operation: R5 After operation: R4= A004h R5=0123h Loc:0xA002=0123h

27 Immediate addressing mode Immediate mode is used to assign constant values to registers or memory locations Example: Before operation: R4=A002h R5=050Ah Operation: MOV #E2h, R5 After operation: R4= A002h R5=00E2h

28 MSP430 Core -Instructionsformats

29 MSP430 Core -Instructionsformats

30 MSP430X Core -Instructionsformats

31 Introduction Ultra LowPower The MSP430 MCU is designed specifically for ultra-low-power applications. Ithas: flexible clocking system multiple low-power modes instant wakeup intelligent autonomous peripherals

32 FlexibleClockingSystem The MSP430 MCU clock system has theability to enable and disable various clocks and oscillators Thisallowsthedevice to enter various lowpower modes (LPMs) The flexible clockingsystem optimizes overall current consumption by only enabling the required clocks when appropriate

33 FlexibleClockingSystem Source: [2]

34 LowPower Modes Source: [2]

35 Instant Wakeup The MSP430 MCU can wake-up instantly from LPMs. This ultra-fast wake-up is enabled by the MSP430 MCU sinternal digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) DCOcan source up to25 MHz and be active and stable in 1μs. Instant wake-up functionality is very important in ultra-low power applications

36 IntelligentPeripherals The MSP430 MCU speripherals have been designed to assure maximumfunctionality and provide system-level interrupts, resets and bus arbitration at the lowest power Many peripherals may function autonomously thereby minimizingcpu time spent in active mode.

37 Peripherals types1/3 ADC10b, ADC12b Analog Comparator DAC12b DMA Hardware Multiplier Operation Amplifiers! Timers

38 WDT Peripherals types2/3 Basic Timers RTC PMM(Power Management Module) BOR(Brown-out Reset) SVS(Supply Voltage Supervisor) EDI(Enhanced Data Integrity) RF Front End

39 AES USB SPI I2C Peripherals types3/3 LIN/IrDA SCAN_IF SD16 (up to seven 16-bit sigma-delta ADC) LCD

40 MSP430 families Mainpins: RST activehigh EA ExternalAccess logic 0 meansexecution of program from internal ROM PSEN -Program StoreEnable OE for external memory ALE -AddressLatchEnable signalusedfor demultiplexing of data and address Source: [2]

41 MSP430 families

42 MSP430 Power consumption

43 MSP430 Power consumption Source: [3]

44 MSP430 Power consumptionvspic16 Source: [3]

45 MSP430 MPY32 Source: [4]

46 MSP430 MPY32 Main features: Hardware multiplier 16x16 Signed and unsigned MAC operations Integer and fractional operations 64-bit results

47 Result availability: MSP430 MPY32

48 MSP430 USB Source: [4]

49 MSP430 USB Main features: Compatible with USB2.0 Full Speed(12 Mb/s) Upto 8 endpoints InternalUSB clock 48MHz (PLL) Independent from the rest of the controller 1904B ofbufferram (usableinmainprogram)

50 MSP430 OpAmp The OA op amps support front-end analog signal conditioning prior to analog-to-digital conversion. Features of the OA include: Single supply, low-current operation Rail-to-rail output Software selectable rail-to-rail input Programmable settling time vs power consumption Software selectable configurations Software selectablefeedbackresistorladderfor PGA implementations

51 MSP430FG4619-OpAmp Source: [4]

52 Modes of operation: MSP430 OpAmp

53 MSP430 OpAmp Withmorethanone OpAmpblockthereis possibility to form more complicated circuits

54 MSP430 ScanIF TheScanIFmodule is used to automatically measure linear or rotationalmotion with the lowest possible power consumption The ScanIF module consists of: the analog front end (AFE), the processing state machine (PSM), the timing state machine (TSM).

55 MSP430 ScanIF

56 Features: MSP430 ScanIF Support for different types of LC sensors Measurement of sensor signal envelope Measurement of sensor signal oscilla on amplitude Support for resis ve sensors such as Hall-effect or giant magneto-resistive (GMR) sensors Direct analog input for A/D conversion Direct digital input for digital sensors such as op cal decoders Support for quadraturedecoding

57 MSP430FG4619 ScanIF

58 PIC24

59 Introduction

60 Main features: PIC24 microcontrollers Family of 16-bit microcontrollers Two sub-families: PIC24F lower performance, lower power consumption PIC24H highest performance Large effort put to precisely control execution time: Single cycle bit manipulation Fast interrupt response(5 cycles)

61 Main features: PIC24 microcontrollers Modified Harvard architecture 16-bit ALU 16 x 16b universalregisters Upto 256kB Flash Upto 16 kbsram Upto 512B EEPROM

62 PIC24 microcontrollers Main features: Upto 8 DMA channels 16b timer/counters Function Peripheral Pin Select(PPS) NanoWatt technology(pic24f) Casesfrom14 to 100 pins

63 Source: [1]

64 Source: [1]

65 PeripheralPin Select Source: [1]

66 PeripheralPin Select Peripheral Pin Select (PPS) -new feature on Microchip s microcontrollers PPSmultiplexes many of the digital peripherals on the microcontroller with a number of I/O pins The multiplexing effectively allows you to choose which peripherals are allocated to the available external pins

67 PeripheralPin Select PPS eliminates the peripheral blocking that occurs when functions are multiplexed to a small number of fixed pins The flexibility enabled by PPS allows to choose a smaller, more cost-effective device, rather than designing in a larger pin count device, in order to access the needed peripherals

68 PIC24 -peripherals General Purpose Peripherals &device features: Real-time Clock & Calendar Cyclic Redundancy Check USB 10 & 10/12-bit A/D Converters Comparator 10-bit & 16-bit D/A Converter Direct Memory Access Parallel Master Port

69 PIC24 -peripherals Motor Control, Lighting & 3-phase Energy Metering Application Peripherals: Motor Control PWM Quadrature Encoder Interface 10/12-bit A/D Converter Switch Mode Power Supply & HID Lighting Peripherals: SMPS PWM SMPS ADC Comparators

70 PIC24 -peripherals Audio Peripherals: 12-bit A/D Converter 16-bit D/A Converter Output Compare PWM Data Converter Interface Display Graphics Peripherals: Parallel Master Port (QVGA) Charge Time Measurement Unit (touch-screen)

71 Thank you for your attention

72 References [1] [2] MSP430 family documentation; [3] MSP430x20 family documentation; [4] MSP430F5435 documentation; [5] [6] PIC24 family documentation; [9]

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