Read Only Memory ROM
|
|
- Diana Maxwell
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Read Only Memory ROM A read only memory have address inputs and data outputs With m address lines you can access the 2 m different memory addresses At each address, there is one data word with n bits Usually, the ROM also has an Output Enable (OE) input A m-1 ROM Dn-1 A m-2 D n-2 A 1 A 0 2 m x n D 1 D 0
2 Read Only Memory ROM Exemple of a ROM Read only memory: ROM 4M 512k 8 bit CE OE Chip Enable activates the chip Output Enable connects memory to outputs (otherwise they are in the three-state mode)
3 A small ROM Possible memory content 8x4 ROM A 2 A 1 A 0 D 3 D 2 D 1 D 0 A 2 A 1 A 0 D 3 D 2 D 1 D
4 ROM Pullup 1 V DD GND Address Adress Content Innehåll x 1 x 0 z 3 z 2 z 1 z x 0 x Ord 0 GND Ord 1 Ord 2 GND Ord 3 OE OE=Output Enable z 3 z 2 z 1 z 0
5 ROM implementation of combinatorical functions x n-1 x 1 x 0 f(x n-1,,x 1,x 0 ) z m-1 z 1 z 0 Adress Address Content Innehåll x n-1 x 1 x 0 z m-1 z 1 z A ROM having n inputs with m outputs can be used to implement a combinatorial function with m outputs and 2 n min-terms
6 ROM implementation of sequence circuit x n-1 x 4 x 3... f(x n-1,,x 1,x 0 ) z m-1 z 4 z 3... Adress Address Innehåll Content x n-1 x 3 x 2 x 1 x 0 z m-1 z 3 z 2 z 1 z x 0 z 0 CP A Moore-machine = one ROM and a register with D-flipflops With feedbacks a ROM can be used to generate sequences and implement state machines
7 Read and Write Memory Random Access Memory RAM RAM-memory has also a Write (WR) input which allows us to enter a data word at a given address D n-1 D 0 are both inputs and outputs. A m-1 RAM Dn-1 A m-2 D n-2 A 1 A 0 OE WR 2 m x n D 1 D 0
8 Read-Write-Memory Random Access Memory RAM Read/Write memory: SRAM 4M 512k 8 bit RD WR CS RD WR Chip Select activates the chip RD read from memory, data outputs are active WR write to memory (at write the data outputs are in the three-state mode )
9 SRAM Static Random Access Memory A SRAM-memory consits of a matrix of SRAM-cells To write Data is used at input! Sel is set to 1 and the value that is on Data is stored in the cell Data Sel Strongest! To read Data is used as output! Sel is set to 1, and the value from the cell is present at the output
10 SRAM Data 1 Data 0 A matrix is formed by 2 m x n SRAM-cells Sel 0 Sel 1
11 SRAM-memory tristate buffers are used to ensure that you just either reads or writes Data inputs Write Sel 0 Sel 1 d n 1 d n 2 d 0 Address a 0 a 1 a m 1 m -to-2 m decoder Sel 2 Sel 2 m 1 Read Data outputs q n 1 q n 2 q 0
12 DRAM Dynamic RAM SRAM memorycell needs 4 transistors and it becomes too costly to implement a large memory DRAM memorycell is using only one transistor and one capacitor
13 DRAM Memorycell DRAM-cell consists of only one transistor and one capacitor Skrivning To load the cell the word line is set to 1 The cell now optains the value from the bit line Word Line C 1-bit DRAM cell Bit Line
14 DRAM Memorycell To read is a little bit more complex You do not want to lose the information when reading! The bit-line is set at a voltage between the High and Low To read the cell the word line is set to 1 The bitline now adjusts it s voltage to a voltage up or down An extra circuit (per bit line) senses the current change direction to create a real 0 or 1 Aftervards the charge in the capacitor C must be restored! Word Line C 1-bit DRAM cell Bit Line
15 DRAM Memory Memorymodule with 8 chips Chip 256Mbit (32M 8)
16 SRAM vs DRAM SRAM takes up more space but a DRAM requires a simpler access logic and is therefore faster (but also more expensive) DRAM is used for random access memories in our regular computers When you remove the power you loses the contents of SRAM or DRAM memory!
17 Volatile memorys Memory types Memories lose their information if power is disconnected static RAM (SRAM) dynamic RAM (DRAM) Non-volatile memorys Memories keep their information if power is disconnected Flash (blockwise writing) EPROM, EEPROM (bytewise writing) We need a combination of different memories in an electrotechnical design!
18 Non-volatile memory Flash-memory low cost and low power consumption can be erased and updated but it takes much more time than in a RAM-memory
19 EPROM Erasable Programmable ROM Programmable ROM (can be programmed with a chip programmer) Erasable - can be erased using ultraviolet light and then reprogrammed. Hence the "window" on the top side of the chip. When working with modern electronic equipment you will not have to meet the EPROM.
20 Memory technologies Technology Accesstime Cost $/GB SRAM 1 ns 1000 DRAM 50 ns 100 HDD 10 ms 1 Fast memory is expensive and inexpensive memories are slow! Principle numbers.
21 Logic in a microprocessor There are both combinatorial and sequential logic in a processor. Control logik is a statemachine while the ALU are mostly combinatorial.
22 Registry element Symbol D in WR Clock Dut D in Dut > WR WR / hold WR = 1 synchronous writing WR = 0 hold 1 logic element in a FPGA
23 Register Symbol WR > 32 bit register is 32 logic elements in a FPGA
24 Program counter -register Register: hoppadress JA Jump/Run Clock > 4 Register: programräknare MUX PC ADD 32 bit instruktion All processors have a program counter pointing out where the next instruction is to be fetched in the memory. Program memory: Byteaddressed An instruction is 4 bytes PC, Program Counter counts up with "4" after each instruction. At the program jumps PC is loaded with the jump address JA (Jump Address) and then the program continues from there.
25 Register with threestateoutpot Symbol WR > OE Symbol bidirectional (inputs and outputs are connected together) > WR OE
26 Register and Databus OE > WR OE > WR Databus Several bidirectional registers with three state outputs can be connected to each other to form a common data bus.
27 Register and Databuss OE > WR OE > WR Databus Data can now be controlled to be copied between all registers on the data bus.
28 Dubble port register Symbol WR > OE1 OE2 More Dubble portregisters can be paired with each other for two common output buses.
29 Mikrocomputer - architecture The computer registers. A bit dubbleport Register File
30 Mikrocomputer - add Example Add instruction 1. The instruction add R1,R2,R3 is fetched from memory (as binary code) 2. The instruction is decoded
31 Mikrocomputer - add Example Add instruction 1. The instruction add R1,R2,R3 is fetched from memory (as binary code) 2. The instruction is decoded
32 Mikrocomputer - add Example Add instruction 3. Register R2 and R3 are add with the ALU 4. The Result is written to register R1
33 Mikrocomputer - add Example Add instruction 3. Register R2 and R3 are add with the ALU 4. The Result is written to register R1 it requires several clock pulse periods for the implementation of an instruction. (maybe you could arrange a Pipeline? )
34 Register file The processor has a bit register file (with dual port registers). It can therefore be simultaneously read from any two registers or write to a register per clock pulse. The computer instruction add, means the sum add R1, R2,R3 R2+R3 is put in R1 A register file whith 32 registers are 32 2 = 1024 logic elements in a FPGA A 32 bit adder are 32 logicelements in a FPGA R0 R bit register file ADD
35 Possible instruction format 32 bit instruction add r1, r2, r3 5 bit 1 of 32 reg 5 bit 1 of 32 reg 5 bit 1 of 32 reg Operatingcode we want to add
36
Address connections Data connections Selection connections
Interface (cont..) We have four common types of memory: Read only memory ( ROM ) Flash memory ( EEPROM ) Static Random access memory ( SARAM ) Dynamic Random access memory ( DRAM ). Pin connections common
More informationUMBC. Select. Read. Write. Output/Input-output connection. 1 (Feb. 25, 2002) Four commonly used memories: Address connection ... Dynamic RAM (DRAM)
Memory Types Two basic types: ROM: Read-only memory RAM: Read-Write memory Four commonly used memories: ROM Flash (EEPROM) Static RAM (SRAM) Dynamic RAM (DRAM) Generic pin configuration: Address connection
More informationAllmost all systems contain two main types of memory :
Memory Interface Allmost all systems contain two main types of memory : read-only memory (ROM) system software and permanent system data random access memory (RAM) or read/write memory application software
More informationWilliam Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture 6th Edition. Chapter 5 Internal Memory
William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture 6th Edition Chapter 5 Internal Memory Semiconductor Memory Types Semiconductor Memory RAM Misnamed as all semiconductor memory is random access
More informationOrganization. 5.1 Semiconductor Main Memory. William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture 6th Edition
William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture 6th Edition Chapter 5 Internal Memory 5.1 Semiconductor Main Memory 5.2 Error Correction 5.3 Advanced DRAM Organization 5.1 Semiconductor Main Memory
More informationBasic Organization Memory Cell Operation. CSCI 4717 Computer Architecture. ROM Uses. Random Access Memory. Semiconductor Memory Types
CSCI 4717/5717 Computer Architecture Topic: Internal Memory Details Reading: Stallings, Sections 5.1 & 5.3 Basic Organization Memory Cell Operation Represent two stable/semi-stable states representing
More informationMicrocontroller Systems. ELET 3232 Topic 11: General Memory Interfacing
Microcontroller Systems ELET 3232 Topic 11: General Memory Interfacing 1 Objectives To become familiar with the concepts of memory expansion and the data and address bus To design embedded systems circuits
More informationMemory Overview. Overview - Memory Types 2/17/16. Curtis Nelson Walla Walla University
Memory Overview Curtis Nelson Walla Walla University Overview - Memory Types n n n Magnetic tape (used primarily for long term archive) Magnetic disk n Hard disk (File, Directory, Folder) n Floppy disks
More informationChapter 5 Internal Memory
Chapter 5 Internal Memory Memory Type Category Erasure Write Mechanism Volatility Random-access memory (RAM) Read-write memory Electrically, byte-level Electrically Volatile Read-only memory (ROM) Read-only
More informationIntroduction read-only memory random access memory
Memory Interface Introduction Simple or complex, every microprocessorbased system has a memory system. Almost all systems contain two main types of memory: read-only memory (ROM) and random access memory
More informationMemory & Simple I/O Interfacing
Chapter 10 Memory & Simple I/O Interfacing Expected Outcomes Explain the importance of tri-state devices in microprocessor system Distinguish basic type of semiconductor memory and their applications Relate
More informationCREATED BY M BILAL & Arslan Ahmad Shaad Visit:
CREATED BY M BILAL & Arslan Ahmad Shaad Visit: www.techo786.wordpress.com Q1: Define microprocessor? Short Questions Chapter No 01 Fundamental Concepts Microprocessor is a program-controlled and semiconductor
More informationComputer Organization. 8th Edition. Chapter 5 Internal Memory
William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture 8th Edition Chapter 5 Internal Memory Semiconductor Memory Types Memory Type Category Erasure Write Mechanism Volatility Random-access memory (RAM)
More informationComputer Organization and Assembly Language (CS-506)
Computer Organization and Assembly Language (CS-506) Muhammad Zeeshan Haider Ali Lecturer ISP. Multan ali.zeeshan04@gmail.com https://zeeshanaliatisp.wordpress.com/ Lecture 2 Memory Organization and Structure
More informationOverview. Memory Classification Read-Only Memory (ROM) Random Access Memory (RAM) Functional Behavior of RAM. Implementing Static RAM
Memories Overview Memory Classification Read-Only Memory (ROM) Types of ROM PROM, EPROM, E 2 PROM Flash ROMs (Compact Flash, Secure Digital, Memory Stick) Random Access Memory (RAM) Types of RAM Static
More informationConcept of Memory. The memory of computer is broadly categories into two categories:
Concept of Memory We have already mentioned that digital computer works on stored programmed concept introduced by Von Neumann. We use memory to store the information, which includes both program and data.
More informationMemory Expansion. Lecture Embedded Systems
Memory Expansion Lecture 22 22-1 In These Notes... Memory Types Memory Expansion Interfacing Parallel Serial Direct Memory Access controllers 22-2 Memory Characteristics and Issues Volatility - Does it
More informationSummer 2003 Lecture 18 07/09/03
Summer 2003 Lecture 18 07/09/03 NEW HOMEWORK Instruction Execution Times: The 8088 CPU is a synchronous machine that operates at a particular clock frequency. In the case of the original IBM PC, that clock
More informationRead and Write Cycles
Read and Write Cycles The read cycle is shown. Figure 41.1a. The RAS and CAS signals are activated one after the other to latch the multiplexed row and column addresses respectively applied at the multiplexed
More informationDesign and Implementation of an AHB SRAM Memory Controller
Design and Implementation of an AHB SRAM Memory Controller 1 Module Overview Learn the basics of Computer Memory; Design and implement an AHB SRAM memory controller, which replaces the previous on-chip
More informationSemiconductor Memories: RAMs and ROMs
Semiconductor Memories: RAMs and ROMs Lesson Objectives: In this lesson you will be introduced to: Different memory devices like, RAM, ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, etc. Different terms like: read, write,
More informationMemory and Programmable Logic
Memory and Programmable Logic Memory units allow us to store and/or retrieve information Essentially look-up tables Good for storing data, not for function implementation Programmable logic device (PLD),
More informationEE 308: Microcontrollers
EE 308: Microcontrollers AVR Architecture Aly El-Osery Electrical Engineering Department New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology Socorro, New Mexico, USA January 23, 2018 Aly El-Osery (NMT) EE 308:
More informationECSE-2610 Computer Components & Operations (COCO)
ECSE-2610 Computer Components & Operations (COCO) Part 18: Random Access Memory 1 Read-Only Memories 2 Why ROM? Program storage Boot ROM for personal computers Complete application storage for embedded
More informationInternal Memory. Computer Architecture. Outline. Memory Hierarchy. Semiconductor Memory Types. Copyright 2000 N. AYDIN. All rights reserved.
Computer Architecture Prof. Dr. Nizamettin AYDIN naydin@yildiz.edu.tr nizamettinaydin@gmail.com Internal Memory http://www.yildiz.edu.tr/~naydin 1 2 Outline Semiconductor main memory Random Access Memory
More informationWilliam Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture 8th Edition. Chapter 5 Internal Memory
William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture 8th Edition Chapter 5 Internal Memory Semiconductor Memory The basic element of a semiconductor memory is the memory cell. Although a variety of
More informationEmbedded Systems Design: A Unified Hardware/Software Introduction. Outline. Chapter 5 Memory. Introduction. Memory: basic concepts
Hardware/Software Introduction Chapter 5 Memory Outline Memory Write Ability and Storage Permanence Common Memory Types Composing Memory Memory Hierarchy and Cache Advanced RAM 1 2 Introduction Memory:
More informationEmbedded Systems Design: A Unified Hardware/Software Introduction. Chapter 5 Memory. Outline. Introduction
Hardware/Software Introduction Chapter 5 Memory 1 Outline Memory Write Ability and Storage Permanence Common Memory Types Composing Memory Memory Hierarchy and Cache Advanced RAM 2 Introduction Embedded
More informationLogic and Computer Design Fundamentals. Chapter 8 Memory Basics
Logic and Computer Design Fundamentals Memory Basics Overview Memory definitions Random Access Memory (RAM) Static RAM (SRAM) integrated circuits Arrays of SRAM integrated circuits Dynamic RAM (DRAM) Read
More informationEECS150 - Digital Design Lecture 16 Memory 1
EECS150 - Digital Design Lecture 16 Memory 1 March 13, 2003 John Wawrzynek Spring 2003 EECS150 - Lec16-mem1 Page 1 Memory Basics Uses: Whenever a large collection of state elements is required. data &
More information8051 INTERFACING TO EXTERNAL MEMORY
8051 INTERFACING TO EXTERNAL MEMORY Memory Capacity The number of bits that a semiconductor memory chip can store Called chip capacity It can be in units of Kbits (kilobits), Mbits (megabits), and so on
More informationCOMP3221: Microprocessors and. and Embedded Systems. Overview. Lecture 23: Memory Systems (I)
COMP3221: Microprocessors and Embedded Systems Lecture 23: Memory Systems (I) Overview Memory System Hierarchy RAM, ROM, EPROM, EEPROM and FLASH http://www.cse.unsw.edu.au/~cs3221 Lecturer: Hui Wu Session
More informationLecture 13: Memory and Programmable Logic
Lecture 13: Memory and Programmable Logic Syed M. Mahmud, Ph.D ECE Department Wayne State University Aby K George, ECE Department, Wayne State University Contents Introduction Random Access Memory Memory
More informationMenu. word size # of words byte = 8 bits
Menu LSI Components >Random Access Memory (RAM) Static RAM (SRAM) Dynamic RAM (DRAM) Read-Only Memory (ROM) Look into my... See figures from Lam text on web: RAM_ROM_ch6.pdf 1 It can be thought of as 1
More informationChapter 4 Main Memory
Chapter 4 Main Memory Course Outcome (CO) - CO2 Describe the architecture and organization of computer systems Program Outcome (PO) PO1 Apply knowledge of mathematics, science and engineering fundamentals
More informationUNIT:4 MEMORY ORGANIZATION
1 UNIT:4 MEMORY ORGANIZATION TOPICS TO BE COVERED. 4.1 Memory Hierarchy 4.2 Memory Classification 4.3 RAM,ROM,PROM,EPROM 4.4 Main Memory 4.5Auxiliary Memory 4.6 Associative Memory 4.7 Cache Memory 4.8
More informationModule 5a: Introduction To Memory System (MAIN MEMORY)
Module 5a: Introduction To Memory System (MAIN MEMORY) R E F E R E N C E S : S T A L L I N G S, C O M P U T E R O R G A N I Z A T I O N A N D A R C H I T E C T U R E M O R R I S M A N O, C O M P U T E
More informationCS 265. Computer Architecture. Wei Lu, Ph.D., P.Eng.
CS 265 Computer Architecture Wei Lu, Ph.D., P.Eng. Part 4: Memory Organization Our goal: understand the basic types of memory in computer understand memory hierarchy and the general process to access memory
More informationLecture Objectives. Introduction to Computing Chapter 0. Topics. Numbering Systems 04/09/2017
Lecture Objectives Introduction to Computing Chapter The AVR microcontroller and embedded systems using assembly and c Students should be able to: Convert between base and. Explain the difference between
More informationMemories. Design of Digital Circuits 2017 Srdjan Capkun Onur Mutlu.
Memories Design of Digital Circuits 2017 Srdjan Capkun Onur Mutlu http://www.syssec.ethz.ch/education/digitaltechnik_17 Adapted from Digital Design and Computer Architecture, David Money Harris & Sarah
More informationChapter 5. Internal Memory. Yonsei University
Chapter 5 Internal Memory Contents Main Memory Error Correction Advanced DRAM Organization 5-2 Memory Types Memory Type Category Erasure Write Mechanism Volatility Random-access memory(ram) Read-write
More informationMemory. Outline. ECEN454 Digital Integrated Circuit Design. Memory Arrays. SRAM Architecture DRAM. Serial Access Memories ROM
ECEN454 Digital Integrated Circuit Design Memory ECEN 454 Memory Arrays SRAM Architecture SRAM Cell Decoders Column Circuitry Multiple Ports DRAM Outline Serial Access Memories ROM ECEN 454 12.2 1 Memory
More informationChapter 1 Microprocessor architecture ECE 3120 Dr. Mohamed Mahmoud http://iweb.tntech.edu/mmahmoud/ mmahmoud@tntech.edu Outline 1.1 Computer hardware organization 1.1.1 Number System 1.1.2 Computer hardware
More informationChapter TEN. Memory and Memory Interfacing
Chapter TEN Memory and Memory Interfacing OBJECTIVES this chapter enables the student to: Define the terms capacity, organization, and speed as used in semiconductor memories. Calculate the chip capacity
More informationDIGITAL SYSTEM FUNDAMENTALS (ECE421) DIGITAL ELECTRONICS FUNDAMENTAL (ECE422)
COURSE / CODE DIGITAL SYSTEM FUNDAMENTALS (ECE421) DIGITAL ELECTRONICS FUNDAMENTAL (ECE422) Memory In computing, memory refers to the computer hardware devices used to store information for immediate use
More informationEECS150 - Digital Design Lecture 16 - Memory
EECS150 - Digital Design Lecture 16 - Memory October 17, 2002 John Wawrzynek Fall 2002 EECS150 - Lec16-mem1 Page 1 Memory Basics Uses: data & program storage general purpose registers buffering table lookups
More information7/28/ Prentice-Hall, Inc Prentice-Hall, Inc Prentice-Hall, Inc Prentice-Hall, Inc Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Technology in Action Technology in Action Chapter 9 Behind the Scenes: A Closer Look a System Hardware Chapter Topics Computer switches Binary number system Inside the CPU Cache memory Types of RAM Computer
More informationComputer Memory. Textbook: Chapter 1
Computer Memory Textbook: Chapter 1 ARM Cortex-M4 User Guide (Section 2.2 Memory Model) STM32F4xx Technical Reference Manual: Chapter 2 Memory and Bus Architecture Chapter 3 Flash Memory Chapter 36 Flexible
More informationMemory and Programmable Logic
Memory and Programmable Logic Mano & Ciletti Chapter 7 By Suleyman TOSUN Ankara University Outline RAM Memory decoding Error detection and correction ROM Programmable Logic Array (PLA) Programmable Array
More informationEE251: Thursday November 15
EE251: Thursday November 15 Major new topic: MEMORY A KEY topic HW #7 due today; HW #8 due Thursday, Nov. 29 Lab #8 finishes this week; due week of Nov. 26 All labs MUST be completed/handed-in by Dec.
More informationCSEE 3827: Fundamentals of Computer Systems. Storage
CSEE 387: Fundamentals of Computer Systems Storage The big picture General purpose processor (e.g., Power PC, Pentium, MIPS) Internet router (intrusion detection, pacet routing, etc.) WIreless transceiver
More informationCS 320 February 2, 2018 Ch 5 Memory
CS 320 February 2, 2018 Ch 5 Memory Main memory often referred to as core by the older generation because core memory was a mainstay of computers until the advent of cheap semi-conductor memory in the
More informationMEMORY BHARAT SCHOOL OF BANKING- VELLORE
A memory is just like a human brain. It is used to store data and instructions. Computer memory is the storage space in computer where data is to be processed and instructions required for processing are
More informationTSEA22, DIGITALTEKNIK LECTURE 7
LINKÖPING UNIVERSITY Department of Electrical Engineering TSEA22, DIGITALTEKNIK LECTURE 7 Mario Garrido Gálvez mario.garrido.galvez@liu.se Linköping, 2018 1 FEEDBACK: POSITIVE Course: Good / Interesting
More informationContents. Main Memory Memory access time Memory cycle time. Types of Memory Unit RAM ROM
Memory Organization Contents Main Memory Memory access time Memory cycle time Types of Memory Unit RAM ROM Memory System Virtual Memory Cache Memory - Associative mapping Direct mapping Set-associative
More informationELCT 912: Advanced Embedded Systems
Advanced Embedded Systems Lecture 2: Memory and Programmable Logic Dr. Mohamed Abd El Ghany, Memory Random Access Memory (RAM) Can be read and written Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) Data stored so
More informationChapter 6 (Lect 3) Counters Continued. Unused States Ring counter. Implementing with Registers Implementing with Counter and Decoder
Chapter 6 (Lect 3) Counters Continued Unused States Ring counter Implementing with Registers Implementing with Counter and Decoder Sequential Logic and Unused States Not all states need to be used Can
More information(Advanced) Computer Organization & Architechture. Prof. Dr. Hasan Hüseyin BALIK (5 th Week)
+ (Advanced) Computer Organization & Architechture Prof. Dr. Hasan Hüseyin BALIK (5 th Week) + Outline 2. The computer system 2.1 A Top-Level View of Computer Function and Interconnection 2.2 Cache Memory
More informationPROGRAMMABLE MODULES SPECIFICATION OF PROGRAMMABLE COMBINATIONAL AND SEQUENTIAL MODULES
PROGRAMMABLE MODULES SPECIFICATION OF PROGRAMMABLE COMBINATIONAL AND SEQUENTIAL MODULES. psa. rom. fpga THE WAY THE MODULES ARE PROGRAMMED NETWORKS OF PROGRAMMABLE MODULES EXAMPLES OF USES Programmable
More informationMemory & Logic Array. Lecture # 23 & 24 By : Ali Mustafa
Memory & Logic Array Lecture # 23 & 24 By : Ali Mustafa Memory Memory unit is a device to which a binary information is transferred for storage. From which information is retrieved when needed. Types of
More informationCHAPTER X MEMORY SYSTEMS
CHAPTER X-1 CHAPTER X CHAPTER X READ MEMORY NOTES ON COURSE WEBPAGE CONSIDER READING PAGES 285-310 FROM MANO AND KIME OTHER USEFUL RAM MATERIAL AT ARS TECHNICA CHAPTER X-2 INTRODUCTION -INTRODUCTION A
More informationLarge and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy
CSE 431: Introduction to Operating Systems Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy Gojko Babić 10/5/018 Memory Hierarchy A computer system contains a hierarchy of storage devices with different costs,
More informationCENG4480 Lecture 09: Memory 1
CENG4480 Lecture 09: Memory 1 Bei Yu byu@cse.cuhk.edu.hk (Latest update: November 8, 2017) Fall 2017 1 / 37 Overview Introduction Memory Principle Random Access Memory (RAM) Non-Volatile Memory Conclusion
More informationCOA. Prepared By: Dhaval R. Patel Page 1. Q.1 Define MBR.
Q.1 Define MBR. MBR( Memory buffer register) A Memory Buffer Register (MBR) is the register in a computers processor that stores the data being transferred to and from the devices It allowing the processor
More informationCS 261 Fall Mike Lam, Professor. Memory
CS 261 Fall 2016 Mike Lam, Professor Memory Topics Memory hierarchy overview Storage technologies SRAM DRAM PROM / flash Disk storage Tape and network storage I/O architecture Storage trends Latency comparisons
More informationCS 33. Memory Hierarchy I. CS33 Intro to Computer Systems XVI 1 Copyright 2016 Thomas W. Doeppner. All rights reserved.
CS 33 Memory Hierarchy I CS33 Intro to Computer Systems XVI 1 Copyright 2016 Thomas W. Doeppner. All rights reserved. Random-Access Memory (RAM) Key features RAM is traditionally packaged as a chip basic
More informationCS 31: Intro to Systems Digital Logic. Kevin Webb Swarthmore College February 3, 2015
CS 31: Intro to Systems Digital Logic Kevin Webb Swarthmore College February 3, 2015 Reading Quiz Today Hardware basics Machine memory models Digital signals Logic gates Circuits: Borrow some paper if
More informationSistemas Digitais I LESI - 2º ano
Sistemas Digitais I LESI - 2º ano Lesson 9 - Memory, CPLDs and FPGAs Prof. João Miguel Fernandes (miguel@di.uminho.pt) Dept. Informática UNIVERSIDADE DO MINHO ESCOLA DE ENGENHARIA - Memory - Any sequential
More informationLecture-7 Characteristics of Memory: In the broad sense, a microcomputer memory system can be logically divided into three groups: 1) Processor
Lecture-7 Characteristics of Memory: In the broad sense, a microcomputer memory system can be logically divided into three groups: 1) Processor memory 2) Primary or main memory 3) Secondary memory Processor
More informationChapter 8 Memory Basics
Logic and Computer Design Fundamentals Chapter 8 Memory Basics Charles Kime & Thomas Kaminski 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. (Hyperlinks are active in View Show mode) Overview Memory definitions Random Access
More informationECE 485/585 Microprocessor System Design
Microprocessor System Design Lecture 4: Memory Hierarchy Memory Taxonomy SRAM Basics Memory Organization DRAM Basics Zeshan Chishti Electrical and Computer Engineering Dept Maseeh College of Engineering
More informationECE 2300 Digital Logic & Computer Organization
ECE 2300 Digital Logic & Computer Organization Spring 201 Memories Lecture 14: 1 Announcements HW6 will be posted tonight Lab 4b next week: Debug your design before the in-lab exercise Lecture 14: 2 Review:
More informationReview: Timing. EECS Components and Design Techniques for Digital Systems. Lec 13 Storage: Regs, SRAM, ROM. Outline.
Review: Timing EECS 150 - Components and Design Techniques for Digital Systems Lec 13 Storage: Regs,, ROM David Culler Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California, Berkeley http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/~culler
More informationUNIT V (PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC DEVICES)
UNIT V (PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC DEVICES) Introduction There are two types of memories that are used in digital systems: Random-access memory(ram): perform both the write and read operations. Read-only memory(rom):
More informationFIGURE Three EPROMs interfaced to the 8088 microprocessor.
10 3 8088 AND 80188 (8-BIT) MEMORY INTERFACE: Basic 8088/80188 Memory Interface: The 8088 and 80188 microprocessors have an 8-bit data bus. The memory system must decode the address to select a memory
More informationCOMP2121: Microprocessors and Interfacing. Introduction to Microprocessors
COMP2121: Microprocessors and Interfacing Introduction to Microprocessors http://www.cse.unsw.edu.au/~cs2121 Lecturer: Hui Wu Session 2, 2017 1 1 Contents Processor architectures Bus Memory hierarchy 2
More informationchapter 8 The Memory System Chapter Objectives
chapter 8 The Memory System Chapter Objectives In this chapter you will learn about: Basic memory circuits Organization of the main memory Memory technology Direct memory access as an I/O mechanism Cache
More informationMemory Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. All rights reserved.
1 Memory + 2 Location Internal (e.g. processor registers, cache, main memory) External (e.g. optical disks, magnetic disks, tapes) Capacity Number of words Number of bytes Unit of Transfer Word Block Access
More informationThe Memory Hierarchy Part I
Chapter 6 The Memory Hierarchy Part I The slides of Part I are taken in large part from V. Heuring & H. Jordan, Computer Systems esign and Architecture 1997. 1 Outline: Memory components: RAM memory cells
More informationRTL Design (2) Memory Components (RAMs & ROMs)
RTL Design (2) Memory Components (RAMs & ROMs) Memory Components All sequential circuit have a form of memory Register, latches, etc However, the term memory is generally reserved for bits that are stored
More informationTopic #6. Processor Design
Topic #6 Processor Design Major Goals! To present the single-cycle implementation and to develop the student's understanding of combinational and clocked sequential circuits and the relationship between
More informationTHE MICROCOMPUTER SYSTEM CHAPTER - 2
THE MICROCOMPUTER SYSTEM CHAPTER - 2 20 2.1 GENERAL ASPECTS The first computer was developed using vacuum tubes. The computers thus developed were clumsy and dissipating more power. After the invention
More informationGrundlagen Microcontroller Memory. Günther Gridling Bettina Weiss
Grundlagen Microcontroller Memory Günther Gridling Bettina Weiss 1 Lecture Overview Memory Memory Types Address Space Allocation 2 Memory Requirements What do we want to store? program constants (e.g.
More informationa) Memory management unit b) CPU c) PCI d) None of the mentioned
1. CPU fetches the instruction from memory according to the value of a) program counter b) status register c) instruction register d) program status word 2. Which one of the following is the address generated
More informationIntroduction to SRAM. Jasur Hanbaba
Introduction to SRAM Jasur Hanbaba Outline Memory Arrays SRAM Architecture SRAM Cell Decoders Column Circuitry Non-volatile Memory Manufacturing Flow Memory Arrays Memory Arrays Random Access Memory Serial
More informationSemiconductor Memory Types Microprocessor Design & Organisation HCA2102
Semiconductor Memory Types Microprocessor Design & Organisation HCA2102 Internal & External Memory Semiconductor Memory RAM Misnamed as all semiconductor memory is random access Read/Write Volatile Temporary
More information+1 (479)
Memory Courtesy of Dr. Daehyun Lim@WSU, Dr. Harris@HMC, Dr. Shmuel Wimer@BIU and Dr. Choi@PSU http://csce.uark.edu +1 (479) 575-6043 yrpeng@uark.edu Memory Arrays Memory Arrays Random Access Memory Serial
More informationCS429: Computer Organization and Architecture
CS429: Computer Organization and Architecture Dr. Bill Young Department of Computer Sciences University of Texas at Austin Last updated: November 28, 2017 at 14:31 CS429 Slideset 18: 1 Random-Access Memory
More informationChapter 7: Processor and Memory
Slide 1/27 Learning Objectives In this chapter you will learn about: Internal structure of processor Memory structure Determining the speed of a processor Different types of processors available Determining
More informationContents. Memory System Overview Cache Memory. Internal Memory. Virtual Memory. Memory Hierarchy. Registers In CPU Internal or Main memory
Memory Hierarchy Contents Memory System Overview Cache Memory Internal Memory External Memory Virtual Memory Memory Hierarchy Registers In CPU Internal or Main memory Cache RAM External memory Backing
More informationCS429: Computer Organization and Architecture
CS429: Computer Organization and Architecture Dr. Bill Young Department of Computer Sciences University of Texas at Austin Last updated: April 9, 2018 at 12:16 CS429 Slideset 17: 1 Random-Access Memory
More informationCS311 Lecture 21: SRAM/DRAM/FLASH
S 14 L21-1 2014 CS311 Lecture 21: SRAM/DRAM/FLASH DARM part based on ISCA 2002 tutorial DRAM: Architectures, Interfaces, and Systems by Bruce Jacob and David Wang Jangwoo Kim (POSTECH) Thomas Wenisch (University
More informationUNIT - V MEMORY P.VIDYA SAGAR ( ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR) Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, VBIT
UNIT - V MEMORY P.VIDYA SAGAR ( ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR) contents Memory: Introduction, Random-Access memory, Memory decoding, ROM, Programmable Logic Array, Programmable Array Logic, Sequential programmable
More informationCENG3420 Lecture 08: Memory Organization
CENG3420 Lecture 08: Memory Organization Bei Yu byu@cse.cuhk.edu.hk (Latest update: February 22, 2018) Spring 2018 1 / 48 Overview Introduction Random Access Memory (RAM) Interleaving Secondary Memory
More informationChapter One. Introduction to Computer System
Principles of Programming-I / 131101 Prepared by: Dr. Bahjat Qazzaz -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Chapter One Introduction to Computer System
More informationMark Redekopp, All rights reserved. EE 352 Unit 10. Memory System Overview SRAM vs. DRAM DMA & Endian-ness
EE 352 Unit 10 Memory System Overview SRAM vs. DRAM DMA & Endian-ness The Memory Wall Problem: The Memory Wall Processor speeds have been increasing much faster than memory access speeds (Memory technology
More informationCS 31: Intro to Systems Digital Logic. Kevin Webb Swarthmore College February 2, 2016
CS 31: Intro to Systems Digital Logic Kevin Webb Swarthmore College February 2, 2016 Reading Quiz Today Hardware basics Machine memory models Digital signals Logic gates Circuits: Borrow some paper if
More informationMemory classification:- Topics covered:- types,organization and working
Memory classification:- Topics covered:- types,organization and working 1 Contents What is Memory? Cache Memory PC Memory Organisation Types 2 Memory what is it? Usually we consider this to be RAM, ROM
More informationComputer Structure. Unit 2: Memory and programmable devices
Computer Structure Unit 2: Memory and programmable devices Translated from Francisco Pérez García (fperez at us.es) by Mª Carmen Romero (mcromerot at us.es, Office G1.51, 954554324) Electronic Technology
More information1. INTRODUCTION TO MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCOMPUTER ARCHITECTURE:
1. INTRODUCTION TO MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCOMPUTER ARCHITECTURE: A microprocessor is a programmable electronics chip that has computing and decision making capabilities similar to central processing unit
More information