H A N D O U T : W I N D O W S N E T W O R K I N G

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1 Revisin Date: 5/31/2013 Time 1.0 Hur KEY POINT S WWAN can cnnect ver micrwave / satellite r a cellular netwrk Wireless netwrks are preferred by bth hme netwrks and businesses because f the ease f installatin HmeGrup makes file and printing sharing set up easy As an administratr yu shuld knw hw t set file, flder and drive settings Yu shuld knw hw change yur netwrk card settings using the Device Manager Knwing hw t find a cmputer s IP address and gateway address are needed when setting up netwrk cnnectins NETWOR K PRINT ING AND FILE SHAR ING OPTIO NS HmeGrup is a tl that allws yu t cnnect tw r mre PCs running Windws 7 n yur hme netwrk. By cnnecting cmputers, yu will autmatically start sharing printers, files, and dcument libraries with the peple in yur grup. Yu can passwrd prtect yur HmeGrup and ther peple can't change the files that yu share unless yu give them permissin t d s. WrkGrup and Dmain - Windws autmatically creates either a wrkgrup r dmain. Hme netwrks and ther small LANs utilize wrkgrups, whereas larger business netwrks perate with dmains. Yu can jin an existing wrkgrup n a netwrk r create a new ne. T jin an existing wrkgrup, type the name f the wrkgrup that yu want t jin, and then click K If yur cmputer was a member f a dmain befre yu jined the wrkgrup, it will be remved frm the dmain and yur cmputer accunt n that dmain will be disabled. If yur netwrk includes cmputers running Windws XP, yu might need t change the wrkgrup name n thse cmputers t match the wrkgrup name n the cmputers running this versin f Windws s that yu can see and cnnect t all cmputers n yur netwrk. T set r change wrkgrup/dmain names in Windws XP, right-click n My Cmputer r pen the System icn in Cntrl Panel, then chse the Cmputer Name tab and finally, click the Change buttn t access the wrkgrup/dmain name fields. Netwrk shares/mapping drives - Sharing files, flders and drives can als be dne by right clicking the item and then the Share with. Fr Files/Flders, chse frm the ptins: HmeGrup (read) HmeGrup (read/write) Specific Peple Fr drives chse advanced settings Click Advanced settings buttn In the Advanced Sharing ppup windw, click the Share this flder checkbx click OK Fr XP/Windws 7: Click n My Cmputer r Cmputer n the tl bar Click Map Netwrk Drive frm the ppup windw chse the drive letter, flder and OK Cyanna Educatin Services, 2013 Page 1

2 TYPES OF NETWORK CONNECTIONS CONNE CTION TYPE Dial-up cnnectins Virtual Private Netwrk (VPN) Cnnectins Wireless Wired DESCR IPTION A dial-up cnnectin cnnects yu t a netwrk r the Internet by using a device that utilizes the telephne netwrk. Prvides netwrk cnnectivity ver lng distance similar t WAN Allw file sharing and vide cnferencing services Wrks ver public and private netwrks Using Pint-t-Pint Tunneling Prtcl (PPTP) and L2TP Layer 2 Tunneling Prtcl Security is included t prtect the cnnectins Supprts 3 mdes: Internet remte access LAN-t-LAN Cntrlled access within the Internet An Internet VPN slutin uses a client/server design Wireless netwrk refers t any type f cmputer netwrk that is nt cnnected by cables f any kind. It is a methd used t avid the cstly prcess f intrducing cables int a building Wireless telecmmunicatins netwrks are generally implemented and administered using radi cmmunicatin. Types f cnnectins include: Wireless PAN ( Wireless Persnal Area Netwrks) r WPAN cnnects devices in a small area i.e., Bluetth and infrared Wireless LAN (Wireless Lcal Area) r WLAN cnnects ver shrt distance i.e., building t building using IEEE standard (Wi-Fi) WAN (Wide Area Netwrk) r WWAN cnnects ver large areas i.e, branch ffices using pint t pint micrwave links r satellite dishes Wireless (Cellular/Mbile) Wide Area Netwrking (WWAN) cnnects ver large areas using cellular radi twers. This is the service used by Smart Phnes r ther handheld devices. Sme netbk devices cme with WMAN card built in. Yu can buy a Wireless PC card r a wireless adapter and plug it int yur laptps CardBus slt. Yur mbile phne can als act as a mbile htspt t prvide Internet access t yur laptp. Wired netwrk cnnectins are similar t the phne jacks except fr the size. Netwrk jacks are yellw and range in clr. Wired netwrk allws fr the fast and easy access t the Internet. All the wired netwrks are full duplex, switched. Types f Wired cnnectins: Ethernet, B-ISDN, DSL, ADSL, ADSL+2, SDSL, VDSL and cable Cyanna Educatin Services, 2013 Page 2

3 NETWOR K SETT INGS Prxy Server is a g between fr real servers seeking infrmatin and a client applicatin r the Internet. Prxy servers include the ability t mnitr Web traffic, blck certain websites and lg emplyee Internet use. With a prxy server netwrked cmputers send all requests fr data frm the Internet t the prxy server, where the requests are subject t the rules and restrictins in place. Types f Prxy Servers include: Transparent r Caching prxy servers wrk by retrieving cntent saved frm previus searches and keeping lcal cpies f frequently requested resurces. This allws large rganizatins t significantly reduce their upstream bandwidth thus reducing csts and increasing perfrmance. A gateway r tunneling prxy - passes requests via a web brwser t an utside server and return the results withut mdifying them. A frward prxy is an Internet-facing prxy used t retrieve frm a wide range f surces (in mst cases anywhere n the Internet). A reverse prxy is usually an Internet-facing prxy used as a frnt-end t cntrl and prtect access t a server n a private netwrk, cmmnly als perfrming tasks such as lad-balancing, authenticatin, decryptin r caching. Remte Desktp Cnnectin (Windws XP) r RemteApp and Desktp Cnnectins (Windws 7) is a feature where yu can use t access prgrams and desktps (remte cmputers and virtual cmputers) published fr yu by yur wrkplace netwrk administratr. It creates cnnectins t terminal servers r ther remte cmputers and prvides a user with a graphical interface ver a netwrk cnnectin. Bth cmputers in the cnnectin must be using RDP client sftware fr this purpse. Windws Firewall is sftware that is included with the Windws OS whse main purpse is t prtect yur cmputer against unauthrized intrusins. It cannt prtect yu against phishing scams r viruses. Yu can change the settings t suit yur specific needs by setting up exceptins. Exceptins are a setting that allws yu t tell the Firewall t permit a cnnectin t a certain prgram by placing it n the Windws Firewall exceptins list. In ding this, Windws pens the necessary cnnectin autmatically, regardless f where the applicatin is run frm. T help minimize yur security risk, if yu must allw exceptins: Only allw an exceptin when yu really need it. Never allw an exceptin fr a prgram that yu dn't recgnize. Remve an exceptin as sn as yu n lnger need it. T enable Windws Firewall Exceptins, yu must perfrm these tasks: Cnfigure ntificatins Add Exceptins fr Prgrams Add Exceptins fr Prts Edit Exceptins Gateway - A gateway is a cnnectin pint r ruter n a TCP/IP netwrk that cnnects yur internal netwrk t the utside netwrk (Internet). In such a situatin, the gateway nde culd als act as a prxy server and a firewall. In hme cmputing, yur Internet Service Prvider uses a mdem which serves as a gateway t cnnect lcal hardware t the Internet. Knwing the IP addresses f the default gateway n yur hme r business netwrk is imprtant infrmatin if yu want t successfully trublesht a netwrk prblem. Cyanna Educatin Services, 2013 Page 3

4 F I N D I N G Y O U R G A T E W A Y IP A D D R E S S In Windws 7, yu can navigate via the Cntrl panel r frm the Netwrking icn in the Ntificatin Area Start Cntrl PanelNetwrk and Sharing Center Or Click Netwrking icn and Open Netwrk and Sharing Center link at the bttm f the pane Click Change adapter settings link. Yu are nw in the Netwrk Cnnectins tl In the Netwrk Cnnectins windw, duble-click a cnnectin yu want t pen and click the Details buttn. Yu nw have yur IPv4 address, subnet mask, IPv6 address and Default gateway address. INTERNET PROTOCOL COMPONENTS OVERV IEW: Internet Prtcl is the primary netwrk prtcl used n the Internet. It is used in cnjunctin with Transprt Cntrl Prtcl (TCP) and referred t interchangeably as TCP/IP. TERMS Internet Prtcl Address Dmain Name System (DNS) DEFINITION Is a unique identifier in the TCP/IP prtcl Is a numerical label assigned t each device (e.g., cmputer, printer) participating in a cmputer netwrk. Is a hierarchical, distributed database that cntains mappings f DNS dmain names t varius types f data, such as Internet Prtcl (IP) addresses. DNS allws yu t use friendly names, such as t easily lcate cmputers and ther resurces n a TCP/IP-based netwrk. DNS is an Internet Engineering Task Frce (IETF) standard. Cyanna Educatin Services, 2013 Page 4

5 INTERNET PROTOCOL COMPONENTS IPv4 Cnsists f 32 bits (2^32) r 4.20 billin unique, single Internet addresses. Each IPv4 address is expressed by fur numbers separated by dts. Each number is an eight-digit binary (base-2) number, als called an ctet. Reserves sme addresses fr special purpses such as private netwrks (~18 millin addresses) r multicast addresses (~270 millin addresses). All the IPv4 addresses have all been assigned, but nt all are being used. IPv6 Is the newest IP prtcl and succeeds IPv4 Wrks using 128-bits ( 2^128) t create a single, unique IP addresses Each address is expressed by a hexadecimal number brken int 8 grups separated by a cln Subnet mask A Subnet mask is a 32-bit number that masks an IP address, and divides the IP address int netwrk address and hst address. Subnet Mask is made by setting netwrk bits t all "1"s and setting hst bits t all "0"s. IP Address: ( ) Mask: ( ) F INDING TH E IP ADDRESS FROM T HE CLI 1. Click Start and type cmd int the Start Menu search bx. 2. Click cmd frm the search results which shuld appear directly under Prgrams 3. When the Cmmand Prmpt windw pens, type ipcnfig /all int the cmmand prmpt windw. Cyanna Educatin Services, 2013 Page 5

6 4. The netwrk adapter's IP address will be listed next t the IPv4 Address the number shuld start with smething like a if yu are using a residential ruter with standard settings. W INDOWS 7: ALTER NATE IP ADDRES S CO NFIGUR ATION. Since Windws Vista, yu nw have the ability t setup an alternate IP address cnfiguratin. Start Cntrl PanelNetwrk and Sharing Centerclick Change adapter settings link Netwrk Cnnectins In the Netwrk Cnnectins windw, right-click a cnnectin that needs an alternate IP address cnfiguratin (e.g., Lcal Area Cnnectin) and select Prperties. In the Prperties dialg bx, n the Netwrking tab, scrll dwn and click Internet Prtcl Versin 4 (TCP/IP v4) and press the Prperties buttn. In the General tab, enter the infrmatin fr the main netwrk yu use (such as a static IP, subnet mask, default gateway and DNS server infrmatin). Click the Alternate Cnfiguratin tab, then click Autmatic Private IP IP Address s the cmputer will btain an IP address via DHCP. Press OK buttn twice then click clse buttn NETWOR K C AR D PRO PERT I ES The Device Manager tl is where yu can find all the settings fr yur netwrk card. StartCntrl PanelDevice ManagerNetwrk Adapters. Duble click the adapter and use the Prperties tabs t view the infrmatin.. Duplex mdes ften are used in reference t netwrk data transmissins. Fllwing are the types f mdes yu will need t knw: Half duplex - refers t the transmissin f data in just ne directin at a time. Once ne side has finished transmitting its data, the ther side can respnd. If bth try t talk at the same time, a cllisin will ccur n the netwrk. Halfduplex peratins are capable f sending infrmatin in bth directins between tw ndes, but nly ne directin at a time. Full Duplex - In full-duplex peratin, a cnnectin between tw devices is capable f sending data in bth directins simultaneusly. Cyanna Educatin Services, 2013 Page 6

7 Yu can change yur netwrk adapter settings by clicking the Advanced tab and scrlling thrugh the Prperty list then click the Value drp dwn list and chse the type f cnnectin yu wuld like. Wake-n-LAN (WL) is an industry standard prtcl fr waking cmputers up frm a very lw pwer mde remtely. The definitin f lw pwer mde has changed a bit ver time, but we can take it t mean while the cmputer is ff and has access t a pwer surce. The prtcl als allws fr a supplementary Wake-n-Wireless-LAN ability as well. WL is dependent n tw things: yur mtherbard and yur netwrk card. Yur mtherbard must be hked up t an ATX-cmpatible pwer supply Yur Ethernet r wireless card must als supprt this functinality. Check yur WL settings in the Device Manager Cyanna Educatin Services, 2013 Page 7

8 Quality f service (QS) is the ability t prvide different pririty t different applicatins, users, r data flws, r t guarantee a certain level f perfrmance t a data flw. QS Packet Scheduler is installed by default fr lcal area netwrk (LAN) cnnectins, but if the default settings have been changed r QS Packet Scheduler has been uninstalled, yu can install it manually. Here's hw: StartCntrl PanelNetwrk and Sharing CenterChange adapter settings linknetwrk Cnnectin Right-click the cnnectin that yu want t install QS Packet Scheduler n, and then click Prperties. If yu're prmpted fr an administratr passwrd r cnfirmatin, type the passwrd r prvide cnfirmatin. Click Install, click Service, and then click Add. Click QS Packet Scheduler, and then click OK. Cyanna Educatin Services, 2013 Page 8