Structure from Motion: High resolution DEMs at any scale using everyday equipment

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1 Structure from Motion: High resolution DEMs at any scale using everyday equipment Anders Damsgaard Last revision: May 20, 2014

2 Outline Photogrammetry Method Examples Summary

3 Photogrammetry using SfM Production of high-quality 3D models Quantitative analysis in e.g. geomorphology, landform development, erosion/deposition rates, etc. Glaciology: surface velocities and mass balance Cost effective alternative to Lidar No special equipment required

4 Structure from Motion (SfM) Figure : Johann Zahn ( )

5 Structure from Motion (SfM) Relative movement between camera and object of interest. Figure : Structure from Motion principle (Westoby et al 2012, Geomorphology)

6 Photogrammetry Method Examples Hardware Digital camera Reasonably high resolution ( 5 MPix) Lossless formats preferable Computer Preferably multi-core and with OpenCL GPU Summary

7 SfM algorithm: 1) Capturing images Large relative motion between photographs Figure : From Agisoft PhotoScan manual

8 SfM algorithm: 2) Photo alignment Identification of high-contrast features in image Determination of relative camera placements Construction of sparse point cloud Figure : Structure from Motion

9 Photogrammetry Method Examples Summary SfM algorithm: 3 5) Dense point cloud, mesh, texture Iteratively expand matches to nearby locations for dense point cloud Triangulation of points: Vertices and faces Texture generation and mapping Figure : (left) sparse point cloud, (center left) dense point cloud, (center right) mesh, (right) mesh with draped texture

10 Software Free software VisualSFM Bundler MicMac Various MATLAB/Python toolboxes/packages Proprietary software Agisoft PhotoScan Photosynth

11 Photogrammetry Method Examples Turbidite from Central Pyrenees, Spain Desktop computer with 2.8 GHz Quad-Core Intel Xeon, 10 GB RAM, and ATI Radeon HD GB, Agisoft Photoscan 39 photos (Sony NEX-5n, 16.1 MPix) Alignment of photos (6 min, 24,448 points) Dense point cloud generation (34 min, 1,140,552 points) Mesh building (8 min, 228,087 polygons) Texture building (4 min) Figure : Turbidite reconstruction Summary

12 Volcanic bomb Figure : Scanner and SfM comparison (James and Robson 2012, J. Geophys. Res. - Earth Surf.)

13 Coastal cliff Figure : Coastal cliff, Lancashire, U.K. (James and Robson 2012, J. Geophys. Res. - Earth Surf.)

14 Coastal cliff Figure : Erosion rates, (a) cross sections, (b) change between surveys (James and Robson 2012, J. Geophys. Res. - Earth Surf.)

15 Photogrammetry Method Examples Summary Coastal cliff Figure : Sequential erosion maps (James and Robson 2012, J. Geophys. Res. - Earth Surf.)

16 Aerial photography Figure : DJI Phantom UAV with GoPro camera

17 Photogrammetry Method Examples Department of Geoscience DJI Phantom 1.2 quadcopter 160 photos (GoPro Hero3 white, 5 MPix) 3 min flight time, 1 hour processing time Figure : DJI Phantom with GoPro camera Summary

18 Landslide Figure : Lucieer et al. 2014, Progress in Physical Geography

19 Photogrammetry Method Examples Landslide Figure : Lucieer et al. 2014, Progress in Physical Geography Summary

20 Photogrammetry Method Examples Landslide Figure : Lucieer et al. 2014, Progress in Physical Geography Summary

21 Photogrammetry Method Examples Landslide Figure : Lucieer et al. 2014, Progress in Physical Geography Summary

22 Reconstruction from movies Figure : DEM reconstructed from Lord of the Rings YouTube clip

23 Summary Cheap, no specialized equipment needed High resolution, multi scale Results require computational time DEMs from existing photo sets Best results in diffuse lighting, non-shiny objects with visual heterogenieties Input for numerical models

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