PNC NC code PROGRAMMER'S MANUAL

Transcription

1 PNC-3200 NC code PROGRAMMER'S MANUAL Thnk you very much for purchsing the PNC To ensure correct nd sfe usge with full understnding of this product's performnce, plese be sure to red through this mnul completely nd store it in sfe loction. Unuthorized copying or trnsferrl, in whole or in prt, of this mnul is prohibited. The contents of this opertion mnul nd the specifictions of this product re subject to chnge without notice. The opertion mnul nd the product hve been prepred nd tested s much s possible. If you find ny misprint or error, plese inform us.

2 Tble of Contents Introduction... 2 Prt 1 Progrmming Bsics Progrmming... 3 Coordinte Systems... 7 Setting Coordinte Vlues (Amount of Movement) Setting the Mesurement Unit Rel-number Entry nd Integer Entry Progrm Number Sequence Numbers Optionl Block Skip Positioning (G00) Liner Interpoltion (G01) Circulr Interpoltion (G02 nd G03) Cutter Compenstion (G40, G41 nd G42) Feed Rte Spindle Motor Control (M03 nd M05) Spindle Motor Speed Fixed Cycle Progrm-relted Errors Smple Progrm Prt 2 Reference How to Red Prt Preprtory Functions (G Functions) G 00 Positioning G 01 Liner Interpoltion G 02 nd G 03 Circulr Interpoltion G 04 Dwell G10 Dt Setting G 17, G 18 nd G 19 Plne G20 nd G21 Setting the Mesurement Unit G39 Corner-offset Circulr Interpoltion G40, G41 nd G42 Cutter Compenstion G 50 nd G 51 Scling G 54, G55, G56, G57, G58 nd G 59 Selects Coordinte System G 80, G 81, G 82, G 85, G86 nd G 89 Fixed Cycle (Cnned Cycle) G 90 nd G 91 Absolute nd Incrementl G 92 Coordinte System G 98 Initil Level Return G 99 Point R Level Return Copyright 1999, 2000 ROLAND DG CORPORATION 1

3 Miscellneous Functions (M Functions) M 00 Progrm Stop M 01 Optionl Stop M 02 End of Progrm M 03 nd M 05 Spindle Motor Strt/Stop M 06 Tool Chnge M 30 End of Progrm M 98 Subprogrm Cll M 99 End of Subprogrm Spindle Speed Function (S Function) Feed Function (F Function) Other Functions N Sequence Number O Progrm Number / Optionl Block Skip % or ER Progrm Strt EOB End of Block ( ) Comment Appendices Words Tble Chrcter Code Tble (ISO, EIA, nd ASCII) Introduction Wht Is in This Mnul This mnul explins those codes interpreted by numericl control mchine tools (NC codes) which re supported by PNC Codes nd functions which re not supported re not described. This Mnul Hs Two Prts. Prt 1 Progrmming Bsics describes such bsic but necessry progrmming-relted mtters s progrmming, coordinte systems, nd how to set coordinte vlues (mount of movement). Prt 2 Reference explins ech of the codes in n encyclopedic form. Once certin fmilirity with progrmming hs been chieved, progrmming cn be ccomplished simply by glncing through this prt. 2

4 Prt 1 Progrmming Bsics Progrmming The Process of Progrmming First, exmine the drwing nd determine such conditions s the workpiece mteril, the size of the workpiece to be prepred, the tool dimeter, the tool type, the proper turning speed, nd the proper feed rte. Then determine the sequence in which to cut. The cutting sequence is in extremely importnt point for crrying out cutting efficiently nd sfely. In ctul cutting, the moving portion my be either the workpiece or the spindle. Progrmming is crried out with considertion given to how the tool moves, with no distinction mde for the ctul movement mteril Size of workpiece to be prepred Tool dimeter Tool type Turning speed Feed rte Cutting sequence Etc. G00 G01 G02 Drwing Determine conditions nd cutting sequence Process sheet Progrm Cutting Once the pproprite conditions nd cutting sequence for the job hve been determined, then before cutting is begun, the progrmming steps re written down on piece of pper like the one shown below. (This form is clled process sheet. ) This sheet is hndy for confirming the cutting sequence nd numericl vlues. N N 01 N 02 N 03 N 04 N 05 N 06 N 07 N 08 N 09 N 10 G G 90 G 00 G 01 G 02 S S 5000 F F 300 F 150 M M 03 % 3

5 Progrm Structure A progrm cn be clssified s min progrm or subprogrm. Min Progrm Ordinrily, the mchine opertes ccording to instructions from min progrm. A subprogrm, which is described next, is bsiclly specified within min progrm. Subprogrm If min progrm cn be likened to the trunk of tree, then subprogrms re brnches. When min progrm specifies execution of subprogrm of certin number, the subprogrm of tht number is clled up nd executed. Subprogrms cn be convenient when writing progrm where the sme tsk is to be performed number of times. Progrm modulrity cn lso be promoted by creting subprogrms which hve good generl utility. A subprogrm cn cll nother subprogrm. Min progrm (Progrm No. 1) N100M98P0002 N101G Cll O0002 Subprogrm (Progrm No. 2) N254M98P0003 N255G005. M99 Cll O0003 Subprogrm (Progrm No. 3) M99 N176M98P0004 N177G002. Cll O0004 Subprogrm (Progrm No. 4) M99 Conceptul view of min progrm nd subprogrms Progrm Structure nd Formt Progrmming proceeds in ccordnce with the process sheet tht hs been prepred. The progrm is input using dedicted input device for NC codes, or with generl-purpose computer. Input is mde s shown in the figure below. Addresses such s G, M,, I, nd J re combined with numbers to specify the cutting steps nd tool movements. Progrm No. Preprtory function Feed rte Dt strt Coordinte vlues, etc. Spindle speed Miscellneous function Block end Sequence No. (strt of the next block) * % for ISO or ASCII, ER for EIA Progrm end Address Vlue Word Words which express dimensions, ngles, nd so on re clled dimension words. Addresses for dimension words include,,, I, J, K, nd R. (* For detils on blocks, see About Blocks, which is the following section.) 4

6 % EOB O N G (I) (J) (K) F S M M02 : A block contining only % must pper t the strt of the dt. This notifies the mchine of the strt (or end) of the dt. Such block my optionlly be present t the end of the dt. When it ppers t the end of the dt, the dt is specified utomticlly. The chrcter indicting the progrm strt is % in the cse of ISO or ASCII code, or ER in the cse of EIA. : The EOB (end of block) indictes the conclusion of the block. In ASCII, this is the LF (line feed) code. : This inputs the progrm number. A progrm strts with progrm number, nd ends with either M02, M30, or M99. M02 or M30 signifies the end of min progrm, nd M99 signls the end of subprogrm. An integer from 0001 to 9999 cn be input s the progrm number. Cre should be tken to ensure tht multiple progrm numbers do not pper in single progrm. Progrm numbers re used to cll up subprogrms. : Sequence numbers re reference numbers for the progrm. They hve bsolutely no effect on the progrm (mchine opertion). : This is the preprtory function. The specil functions re specified by the two-digit code following the G. : This indictes coordinte vlue or movement distnce. I, J, nd K re used to specify the center coordinte of circle (or rc). :For positive coordintes or movement directions, it is not necessry to prefix + to the vlue. : This determines the feed rte. : This determines the speed of the spindle motor. : This is miscellneous function. It is used for such opertions s strting nd stopping the spindle motor. : This signls the end of the progrm. The spindle stops. About Blocks A progrm is series of instructions (written commnds) for the mchine, expressed s symbols nd numbers. The instructions re seprted by EOB mrkers, with the informtion between two EOB mrkers mking up one instruction. This single instruction between two EOB mrkers is clled block. Ech block, in turn, is composed of words. The types of words include those vlid only within block, those lso vlid outside of blocks until word of the sme group is specified, those which ctivte function immeditely fter being specified, those which ctivte function t the end of the block in which they re specified, nd those which ctivte function t the strt of the block in which they re specified. Progrmming requires knowledge of the chrcteristics of ech word. See "APPENDICES-Words Tble" or chrt of word chrcteristics. <Exmples of words lso vlid outside of blocks until word of the sme group is specified > % N01 G90 N02 G N03-20 N04 G0020 N05 00 Indictes tht the specified coordinte vlue is bsolute (G90) Liner interpoltion from the current tool position to = 100, = 100 (G01) Liner interpoltion from the tool position moved to by N02 to = -20 Movement (positioning) from the tool position moved to by N03 to = 20 (G00) Movement (positioning) from the tool position moved to by N03 to = 0, = 0. 5

7 Dt Output from the Computer Before outputting dt, mke the pproprite cble connections to link the computer nd the mchine. Refer to the user's mnuls for ech model for explntions on mking connections nd connection specifictions. The chrcter code systems supported by the mchine re ASCII, ISO, nd EIA. ASCII is n bbrevition for the Americn Stndrd Code for Informtion Interchnge. ASCII is the most widely used code stndrd estblished for computers to hndle text, nd is used by virtully ll computers. Text is output s norml ASCII unless you use softwre which cn output ISO or EIA codes to the mchine, or progrm which converts ASCII to ISO or EIA. Numericlly controlled mchine tools (NC mchines) generlly use ISO (Interntionl Orgniztion for Stndrdiztion) or EIA (Electronic Industry Assocition) s their chrcter code system. Both of these use dt length of 8 bits, which mens tht ASCII, with length of 7 bits, cnnot be used without modifiction. In n ISO code, the 8th bit is for prity checking, with bits 1 through 7 the sme s the corresponding ASCII code. (Refer to "AppendicesChrcter Code Tble (ISO, EIA, nd ASCII)".) 6

8 Coordinte Systems The mchine uses the Crtesin coordinte system, which hs three xes the xis, the xis, nd the xis ech of which is perpendiculr to the other two Mchine Coordinte Systems A mchine coordinte system is coordinte system determined mechniclly with reference to the PNC The origin point in mchine coordinte system is point specific to the PNC-3200, nd cnnot be moved. The origin point in mchine coordinte system is t the forwrd-left corner of the mchine's mximum rnge of opertion, nd is the point to which the mchine moves t powerup. Coordinte vlues (or mounts of movement) specified in n ctul progrm re coordintes in workpiece coordinte system. Coordinte Systems A workpiece coordinte system is coordinte system for workpiece mchining. The origin point of workpiece coordinte system is the progrm's origin point ccording to n bsolute specifiction. There re two methods tht cn be used to set workpiece coordinte system. 1. Setting using G92 2. Setting using G54 to G59 1. Setting workpiece coordinte system using G92 A workpiece coordinte is defined by specifying the workpiece coordinte loction of the current tool loction. For exmple, to set point which is 20 mm (), 15 mm (), 10 mm () from the point to be tken s the origin of the present tool loction, the following should be set: G Normlly, the tool is moved to point on the loded workpiece nd G92000 (the workpiece coordinte origin point) is set. Tool Executing G sets the coordinte system tking this s the origin point

9 2. Setting workpiece coordinte system using G54 to G59 This method is used to set up to six workpiece coordinte origin points nd select coordinte system from mong these by mens of the progrm. The workpiece coordinte systems 1 through 6 re set by specifying the mount of shift (the mount of workpiece origin point offset) from the mchine coordinte origin point to the workpiece coordinte origin point. Ech workpiece coordinte system is set using the PNC-3200's disply. (Refer to the User's Mnul 3 Cutting Using NC-Codes for informtion on mking this setting.) origin point offset mount Mchine coordinte origin point coordinte system 1 coordinte system 4 coordinte system 2 coordinte system 3 coordinte system 6 coordinte system 5 It is lso possible to shift the six set workpiece coordintes by desired distnce t one time. Becuse the workpiece origin point is offset, this is clled EOFS (externl workpiece origin point offset mount). EOFS is set with G10 or by using the PNC-3200's disply. (Refer to the User's Mnul 3 Cutting Using NC-Codes for informtion on how to mke the setting on the PNC-3200.) Mchine coordinte origin point Externl workpiece origin point offset mount EOFS coordinte system 1 coordinte system 4 coordinte system 2 coordinte system 3 coordinte system 6 coordinte system 5 8

10 G10 cn be used to set not only the mount of shift for ll workpiece coordinte systems, but lso mounts of offset for ech individul workpiece coordinte system. origin point offset mount coordinte system 1 by G10 coordinte system 1 Mchine coordinte origin point Selecting ny of the workpiece coordinte systems from G54 to G59 nd executing G92 cuses the following to occur. Tool Tool G executed t this position Amount of offset by G92 Becuse G92 sets the current tool position to desired coordinte vlue, the workpiece coordinte system selected t tht time comes to hve new origin point. The distnce between the origin coordinte points before nd fter G92 is specified (tht is, the mount of shift of the coordinte system) is dded to ech workpiece origin point offset mount. This cuses the workpiece coordinte systems from G54 to G59 to be shifted by the sme distnce. by G92 origin point offset mount Mchine coordinte origin point coordinte system 1 coordinte system 4 coordinte system 2 coordinte system 3 coordinte system 6 coordinte system 5 9

11 Setting Coordinte Vlues (Amount of Movement) The ddresses,, nd or I, J, nd K re used, followed by the coordinte specifiction.,, nd : These specify coordinte vlues for positioning (G00), liner interpoltion (G01), nd the like.,, nd represent the coordintes for the,, nd xes, respectively. It is not necessry to specify ll three. As n exmple, if you wnt to leve the nd xes s they re, nd shift only the xis by 10 mm, G should be input. I, J, nd K: These specify the center point for circulr interpoltion (G02 nd G03). I, J, nd K represent the movement for the,, nd xes from the current tool position, respectively. Another method of circulr interpoltion involves specifying the rdius. Refer to "G02 nd G03 Circlr Interpoltion" for detils. Absolute nd Incrementl There re two types of coordinte specifictions: bsolute nd incrementl. These re toggled by G90 nd G91. The figure below shows the difference between bsolute nd incrementl specifictions on n - plne. Absolute specifictions indicte the position s the distnce from the workpiece coordinte origin, wheres incrementl specifictions indicte the mount of movement from the current position. Progrmming tht specifies bsolute coordintes is clled bsolute progrmming, nd progrmming which specifies incrementl coordintes is termed incrementl progrmming. 15 G90 G G (19000, 12000) 15 G90 G G91 G (19000, 12000) y=7000 (Increse in ) 5 (4000, 5000) 5 (4000, 5000) x=15000 (Increse in ) (mm) (mm) Absolute Incrementl The settings for G90 or G91 mde on the PNC-3200 remin in effect unless chnged by progrmming. There re no specil rules for deciding when to use n bsolute or incrementl progrm. Exmine the drwing nd choose the one which mkes for the simplest progrm. 10

12 Setting the Mesurement Unit G20 nd G21 cn be used to set the mesurement unit used for movement, feed rte, nd offset mounts. G20: Inch input G21: Millimeter input Either G20 or G21 is set t the strt of the progrm, before setting the coordinte system. G20 nd G21 should not be chnged during the course of progrm. If the unit is not set by progrmming, the setting mde on the PNC-3200 is used. The minimum units differ for inch input nd millimeter input. Minimum units Inch input in. Millimeter input mm Commnd G20 G21 Movement G G in. 1 in. 10 mm 10 mm Feed rte F60.0 F inch/min. 4.5 inch/min. 60 mm/min. 45 mm/min. Offset mounts G10P01R10.0 G10P01R in. 1 in. 10 mm 10 mm Rel-number Entry nd Integer Entry Movement mount (length), feed rte, nd time my be input using either rel-number entry or integer entry. Input of number which contins deciml point (for exmple 10.0 or 10. ) is clled rel-number entry, nd input of number without deciml point is clled integer entry. A vlue such s 10.0 where the portion to the right of the deciml point is zero my be bbrevited to 10. with no chnge in vlue. When rel-number entry is used, the numericl vlue is interpreted s being in the mesurement unit tht hs been set. When integer entry is used, the numericl vlue is interpreted s being the minimum unit of the mesurement unit tht hs been set. Some exmples of this re s follows. Amount of movement (length) Feed rte Time F60.0 F G G mm or 10 in.* 1 mm or 0.1 in.* 60 mm/min. or 60 inch/min.* 120 mm/min. or 12 inch/min.* 10 sec. dwell 10 sec. dwell * The mesurement unit is set by G20 (inch input) or G21 (millimeter input). * If the unit is not set by progrmming, the setting mde on the PNC-3200 is used. There re two types of methods for setting the speed of the spindle motor: setting s n rpm vlue, nd setting s numericl code. See "Spindle Speed Function (S Function) for detils. 11

13 Progrm Number A min progrm or subprogrm clls nd executes nother progrm by specifying progrm number. The progrm number ppers t the strt of the progrm. A progrm number is specified by ppending n integer of up to four digits fter the letter O. The rnge for progrm numbers is from 0001 to (zero) my not be used s progrm number. The section tht extends from the plce where the progrm number is input to n M02, M30, or M99 is recognized s one progrm (or subprogrm). M02 or M30 is used to indicte the end of min progrm, nd M99 is used to signl the end of subprogrm. Sequence Numbers A sequence number is n integer number for block. It is specified t the strt of the block. A sequence number my either be present or bsent from ny or ll blocks. There is lso no need for sequence numbers to be consecutive, or to be rrnged in order from smller to lrger numbers. However, consecutive sequence numbers re customrily used to mrk criticl plces within progrm. A sequence number is specified by ppending n integer of up to four digits fter the letter N. The rnge for progrm numbers is from 0001 to A sequence number cnnot be substituted for progrm number. Optionl Block Skip This function mkes it possible to skip over desired block within progrm. Optionl block skip is specified t the strt of the progrm. Enter "/" (slsh) t the strt of the block. The setting for enbling or disbling block skip is mde on the PNC (Refer to "User's Mnul 3 -- Cutting Using NC Codes.") 12

14 Positioning (G00) This moves in stright line t mximum speed from the current tool position to the specified point. The word for positioning is G00. The ddresses,, nd re used to specify the destintion point. When,, nd re ll specified, the three xes move simultneously. If the tool pth is blocked by the workpiece or nother object during movement, it is necessry to tke steps to prevent the tool from striking the object, nd one wy to do this is to move ech xis one t time. An exmple of this would be to use the bsolute specifiction G to rise the tool, followed by G for horizontl movement. Current position (6000, 9000) Current position (6000, 9000) G G (15000, 2000) G (15000, 2000) * When the coordintes re bsolute * When the coordintes re bsolute Liner Interpoltion (G01) This cuts in stright line from the current position to the specified point. The word for liner interpoltion is G01. The ddresses,, nd re used to specify the destintion point. When,, nd re ll specified, the three xes move simultneously. G01 does not include the function for strting the spindle motor. This mens tht if the spindle motor is not lredy turning, the M03 word must be given beforehnd to strt it. In ctul cutting, compenstion for the tool dimeter is required. Refer " G40, G41 nd G42 Cutter Compenstion" for more informtion on compenstion of the tool dimeter. Circulr Interpoltion (G02 nd G03) This cuts circulr shpe from the current position to the specified point. The words for circulr interpoltion re G02 nd G03. Any ddress of the set,, nd is used to specify the destintion coordintes, nd ny ddress of the set I, J, nd K is used to specify the center of the circle. I, J, nd K lwys specify the movement distnce (incrementl vlue) to the centerpoint of the circle or rc, with no regrd for G90 or G91. G02 nd G03 do not include the function for strting the spindle motor. This mens tht if the spindle motor is not lredy turning, the M03 word must be given beforehnd to strt it. G02 nd G03 interpolte in different directions clockwise for G02 nd counterclockwise for G03. Circulr interpoltion cn be crried out on ny of the two-dimensionl plnes the - plne, the - plne, or the - plne. The desired plne is specified with G17 (- plne), G18 (- plne), or G19 (- plne). See "G17, G18 nd G19 Plne" for the detils of plne specifiction. 13

15 + G02 G03 G02 + G02 G03 + Clockwise Counterclockwise G03 Even when the point for the destintion nd the center of the circle re identicl, circulr interpoltion is crried out s shown below ccording to the direction of interpoltion. G02 G03 (7000, 17000) Clockwise rottion Counter clockwise rottion G17G I12000J5000 (12000, 5000) (0, 0) G17G I12000J5000 There is nother method, which involves specifying the rdius of the circle insted of specifying the circle s center point. This method is convenient becuse numericl vlues red from the drwing cn be used directly. Two circles with identicl rdii nd pssing through two points exist. This mens tht if the interpoltion direction, rdius of the circle, nd point for the destintion of interpoltion hve been specified, there re two circles. These two circles cn be differentited by specifying positive vlue for the rdius if the center ngle is 180 degrees or less, nd negtive rdius if the center ngle exceeds 180 degrees. G17G R R13000 A(0, 0) G17G R13000 B(17000, -7000) R

16 Cutter Compenstion (G40, G41 nd G42) The movement of the tool specified by the progrm is the pth tken by the center of the tool. Becuse the tool hs certin thickness (i.e., certin dimeter), it will over-cut by n mount equl to its rdius if the coordintes on the drwing re input just s they re. To cut shpe s specified by the drwing, the tool must be mde to move t plce which shifted wy by distnce equl to the tool rdius. This is clled the tool-dimeter offset. Using this function mkes it possible to input the vlues from the drwing s coordinte vlues (or mounts of movement) with no need for modifiction, thus fcilitting progrmming. Also, if cutting is to be performed with tool tht hs different tool dimeter, it is only necessry to chnge the mount of offset. The words for cutter compenstion re G40, G41, nd G42. G40: Cncel cutter compenstion G41: Cutter compenstion -- left G42: Cutter compenstion -- right R15 15 R15 R15-R R15 25 R15+R R15 R Tool : Tool pth Feed Rte This determines the feed rte for the workpiece nd the spindle. The F function is used to mke the setting. The feed rte generlly vries ccording to the cutting prmeters (such s the spindle speed, tool dimeter, nd workpiece mteril). The F function is ctivted t the strt of the block in which it is specified. The feed rte is specified s rel or integer vlue following the F. F100.0 Feed rte set t 100 mm/min. (when millimeter input is used) F Feed rte set t 100 mm/min. (when millimeter input is used) Feed Rte Override Feed rte override refers to mnully chnging the feed rte specified by the progrm. This is minly used to djust the feed rte during cutting. This function my or my not be supported, depending on the mchine. Refer to the "User's Mnul 3 Cutting Using NC-Codes" for informtion on how to mke this setting. 15

17 Spindle Motor Control (M03 nd M05) These turn the spindle motor on or off. The M function is used for this. M03 nd M05 re used to control the spindle motor. M03 strts rottion of the spindle, nd M05 stops it. These functions re ctivted t the end of the block in which they re specified together. Spindle Motor Speed The S function is used to set the speed for the spindle motor. The S function does not include the function for strting the spindle motor. It functions only when the spindle hs been strted with M03, or when the spindle is lredy turning. This function is ctivted t the end of the block in which it is specified. Fixed Cycle The fixed cycle (or cnned cycle) is commnd for executing series of pre-estblished opertions for cutting, such s drilling. This commnd cn execute severl blocks of cutting opertions in single block, thereby simplifying progrmming. This lso reduces the mount of dt. See "Fixed Cycle (Cnned Cycle) G80, G81, G82, G85, G86 nd G89" for detils of the specifictions for the fixed cycle. Progrm-relted Errors An error is generted when n unsuitble vlue hs been set for prmeter, or when the PNC-3200 cnnot interpret the progrm. Only error messges relted to progrmming re described in this mnul. Errors Occurring During Progrm Execution When n error occurs, opertion puses nd n error messge is displyed. When this hppens, press the [DISPLA] key to disply the block which contins the error. The cutting opertion cn be continued s-is fter n error hs been displyed, but this is not recommended becuse opertion following the occurrence of n error my not be correct. Insted, stop progrm execution nd correct the plce where the error ws generted. 16

18 Error messge Bd Prmeter The vlue of prmeter exceeds the llowble rnge, or the vlue of the rdius for circulr interpoltion or the mount of offset is not correct. Address Undefined Only prmeter hs been set. The code which specifies the prmeter hs not been set. Prmeter Undefined A prmeter hs not been set. Code Cnnot Execute This is displyed when n ttempt ws mde to execute n unrecognizble commnd, when cutter compenstion ws strted while in the circulr interpoltion mode, or when n ttempt ws mde to execute commnd which cnnot be used during tool-dimeter compenstion. Progrm Number Not found The progrm number specified by M98 or M99 could not be found. Sub-Progrm Nest Over An ttempt ws mde to cll fifth-level subprogrm from fourth-level subprogrm of min progrm. Disply Opertions When n Error Occurs During Progrm Execution Error disply Puse disply Bd Prmeter FEED HOLD Hit CANCEL to Brek Progrm execution is stopped O0001 O0001 G17G41H03G Disply of the block contining the error All commnds in the block contining the error re ignored, nd opertion is resumed with the next block Error While Registering Cutting Dt A check of subprogrms is crried out when progrm is sved in the buffer. Depending on the results of the check, one of the following error messges my be displyed. Error messge Sub-Progrm Tble Over There re more thn ten subprogrms. The mximum number of subprogrms tht cn be specified in one set of dt is ten. Stop sending dt, nd press the [CANCEL] key. Correct the progrm nd resend the dt. Duplicte Sub-Progrm Number The progrm contins multiple subprogrms with the sme progrm number. The sme progrm number my not be set for more thn one subprogrm within single set of dt. Stop sending dt, nd press the [CANCEL] key. Correct the progrm nd resend the dt. 17

19 Smple Progrm R15 15 R R : Tool pth : 3 mm tool rdius 60 Tool position t strt 8 mm 8 mm R Tool % O0001 N01 G91 N02 G21 N03 G92000 N04 G10P01R3.0 N05 G005.0 N07 F300.0S6000M03 N06 G17G41D01G N08 G N09 G N N11 G I15.0 N12 G N N N15 G40G N16 M05 M02 % Dt strt Progrm number Incrementl progrmming Set millimeter input Set workpiece coordinte origin point Set 3 mm of offset for offset number 1 Move tool to position of 5 mm on xis (00 unchnged) Set motor speed to 6,000 rpm nd feed rte to 300 mm/min., nd rotte spindle Strt cutter compenstion nd move tool to -xis 8 mm nd -xis 8 mm Liner interpoltion to -7 mm on xis Liner interpoltion to 35 mm on xis Liner interpoltion to 45 mm on xis Circulr interpoltion (counterclockwise) to position 15 mm -15 mm from current tool position Liner interpoltion to -20 mm on xis Liner interpoltion to -60 mm on xis Liner interpoltion to 7 mm on xis Cncel cutter compenstion nd return to strt point Min spindle rottion hlt Progrm end Dt end * The exmple progrm shown bove is for when using ISO or ASCII s the code. 18

20 Prt 2 Reference How to Red Prt 2 Preprtory Functions (G Functions) Word G00 Positioning Word function Words in squre brckets ( [] ) my be omitted. Prmeters re given in itlics (such s x, y, nd feed rte ). The words enclosed in curly brckets ( {} ) re rnge of vilble selections. Any one my be chosen. Formt G00[ x][ y][ z] This effects movement in stright line nd t mximum speed from the current tool position to the specified coordinte point. When incrementl progrmming is used, the tool moves the specified movement distnce. G00 ignores ny set feed rte, nd lwys effects movement t mximum speed. The destintion s coordintes (or movement distnces) re specified with ddresses,, nd. It is not necessry to specify vlues for every one of these ddresses. As n exmple, if only the xis is specified (e.g., G00100), the tool moves only long the xis, with no movement on the or xes. This is lso the cse when only the xis, xis, nd xes, nd xes, or nd xes re specified. When ddresses,, nd re ll specified, the tool moves long ll three xes simultneously. G00 is lso effective outside the block until word of the sme type is encountered. If xyz is specified in the block fter specifying G00, with no G01, G02, or G03, liner movement to the specified coordinte is effected. If the tool pth is blocked by the workpiece or nother object during movement, it is necessry to tke steps to prevent the tool from striking the object, nd one wy to do this is to move ech xis one t time. Prmeter Function Acceptble rnge Effective rnge x Coordinte or movement distnce ( xis) Rnge 1 Mximum cutting rnge y Coordinte or movement distnce ( xis) Rnge 1 Mximum cutting rnge z Coordinte or movement distnce ( xis) Rnge 1 Mximum cutting rnge This is n explntion of the functions of the word nd its prmeters, long with cutions or other importnt points to observe when using. Current position (6000, 9000) Current position (6000, 9000) G G (15000, 2000) (15000, 2000) G * When the coordintes re bsolute * When the coordintes re bsolute For exmple, G17 { G02 [I cx ][J cy ] } [ x ][ y ] { G03 R rdius uses this shorthnd form to indicte the following four expressions: G17G02[ x ][ y ][I cx ][J cy ] G17G03[ x ][ y ][I cx ][J cy ] G17G02[ x ][ y ] R rdius G17G03[ x ][ y ] R rdius } The rnge nd functions of prmeter re shown in tble form. Rnge 1, Rnge 2 nd Rnge 3 re shorthnd expressions for rnges in which n error does not occur. These correspond to the following rnges. Rnge 1: Integer entry -83,886,08 to 83,886,08 Rel-number entry to (when millimeter input is used) to (when inch input is used) Rnge 2: -83,886,08 83,886,08 Rnge 3:

21 Preprtory Functions (G Functions) G00 Positioning Formt G00[ x ][ y ][ z ] Prmeter Function Acceptble rnge Effective rnge x Coordinte or movement distnce ( xis) Rnge 1 Mximum cutting rnge y Coordinte or movement distnce ( xis) Rnge 1 Mximum cutting rnge z Coordinte or movement distnce ( xis) Rnge 1 Mximum cutting rnge This effects movement in stright line nd t mximum speed from the current tool position to the specified coordinte point. When incrementl progrmming is used, the tool moves the specified movement distnce. G00 ignores ny set feed rte, nd lwys effects movement t mximum speed. When RAPID OVERRIDE hs been set on the PNC-3200, however, opertion is ccording to this setting. The destintion s coordintes (or movement distnces) re specified with ddresses,, nd. It is not necessry to specify vlues for every one of these ddresses. As n exmple, if only the xis is specified (e.g., G00100), the tool moves only long the xis, with no movement on the or xes. This is lso the cse when only the xis, xis, nd xes, nd xes, or nd xes re specified. When ddresses,, nd re ll specified, the tool moves long ll three xes simultneously. G00 is lso effective outside the block until word of the sme group is encountered. If x y z is specified in the block fter specifying G00, with no G01, G02, or G03, liner movement to the specified point is effected. If the tool pth is blocked by the workpiece or nother object during movement, it is necessry to tke steps to prevent the tool from striking the object, nd one wy to do this is to move ech xis one t time. Current position (6000, 9000) Current position (6000, 9000) G G (15000, 2000) G (15000, 2000) * When the coordintes re bsolute * When the coordintes re bsolute 20

22 G01 Liner Interpoltion Formt G01[ x ][ y ][ z ] Prmeter Function Acceptble rnge Effective rnge x Coordinte or movement distnce ( xis) Rnge 1 Mximum cutting rnge y Coordinte or movement distnce ( xis) Rnge 1 Mximum cutting rnge z Coordinte or movement distnce ( xis) Rnge 1 Mximum cutting rnge This effects liner cutting from the current tool position to the specified coordinte. When incrementl progrmming is used, cutting for the specified movement distnce is performed. Cutting is performed t the spindle speed nd feed rte tht hve been specified. Refer to "Feed Function (F Function)" for n explntion of the feed rte nd to "Spindle Speed Function (S Function)" for description of spindle speed. The destintion s coordintes (or movement distnces) re specified with ddresses,, nd. It is not necessry to specify vlues for every one of these ddresses. As n exmple, if only the xis is specified (e.g., G01100), the tool moves only long the xis, with no movement on the or xes. This is lso the cse when only the xis, xis, nd xes, nd xes, or nd xes re specified. When ddresses,, nd re ll specified, the tool moves long ll three xes simultneously. G01 is lso effective outside the block until word of the sme group is encountered. If x y z is specified in the block fter specifying G01, with no G00, G02, or G03, liner interpoltion to the specified point is effected. This mkes it possible to crry out continuous liner interpoltion. G01 does not include the function for strting the spindle motor. If the spindle motor is not lredy turning, the M03 word should be given beforehnd to strt it. The specified tool movement is the pth followed by the center of the tool. Progrmming should be done so tht the tool psses over pth which is offset by distnce equl to the rdius of the tool. 21

23 G02 nd G03 Circulr Interpoltion Formt G17 { G02 G03 G18 { G02 G03 G19 { G02 G03 } [ x ][ y ] { [I cx ][J cy ] R rdius } [ x ][ z ] { [I cx ][K cz ] R rdius } [ y ][ z ] { [J cy ][K cz ] R rdius } } } Prmeter Function Acceptble rnge Effective rnge x Coordinte or movement distnce ( xis) Rnge 1 Mximum cutting rnge y Coordinte or movement distnce ( xis) Rnge 1 Mximum cutting rnge z Coordinte or movement distnce ( xis) Rnge 1 Mximum cutting rnge cx Movement distnce to circle (rc) center ( xis) Rnge 1 Mximum cutting rnge cy Movement distnce to circle (rc) center ( xis) Rnge 1 Mximum cutting rnge cz Movement distnce to circle (rc) center ( xis) Rnge 1 Mximum cutting rnge rdius rdius Rnge 3 Mximum cutting rnge This cuts n rc t the specified feed rte nd spindle speed from the current tool position to the specified point. Circulr interpoltion cn be crried out only on the - plne, - plne, or - plne. The specifiction for the two-dimensionl plne is mde with G17, G18, or G19. These specify the - plne, - plne, nd - plne, respectively. The specifiction for the - plne is enbled when the mchine s power is switched on. To specify the destintion point for interpoltion, use is mde of ddresses nd for G17, nd for G18, nd nd for G19. The center point for the rc is specified with ddresses I nd J for G17, I nd K for G18, nd J nd K for G19. I, J, nd K lwys specify the movement distnce (incrementl vlue) to the centerpoint of the circle or rc, with no regrd for G90 or G91. It is lso possible to specify the rdius R for the rc insted of using I, J, or K. When the point of the current tool position is specified s the destintion for interpoltion, circle with center ngle of 360 is cut. G02 nd G03 differ in the direction of interpoltion for the rc (i.e., the direction of tool movement). G02 performs clockwise circulr interpoltion, wheres G03 performs counterclockwise interpoltion. + G02 G03 G02 + G02 G03 G03 + Clockwise Counterclockwise 22

24 Even when the point for the destintion nd the center of the circle re identicl, circulr interpoltion is crried out s shown below ccording to the direction of interpoltion. G02 G03 (7000, 17000) Clockwise rottion Counter clockwise rottion G17G I12000J5000 (12000, 5000) (0, 0) G17G I12000J5000 Two circles with identicl rdii nd pssing through two points exist. This mens tht if the interpoltion direction, rdius of the circle, nd point for the destintion of interpoltion hve been specified, there re two circles. These circles cn be differentited by specifying positive vlue for the rdius if the center ngle is 180 degrees or less, nd negtive rdius if the center ngle exceeds 180 degrees. G17G R R13000 A(0, 0) G17G R13000 B(17000, -7000) R13000 G02 nd G03 re lso effective outside the block until word of the sme group (G00, G01, G02, or G03) is encountered. G17, G18, G19 lso remin effective even outside the block until word of the sme group (G17, G18, or G19) is specified. G02 nd G03 do not include the function for strting the spindle motor. This mens tht if the spindle motor is not lredy turning, the M03 word must be given beforehnd to strt it. The specified tool movement is the pth followed by the center of the tool. Plese mke clcultions to hve the tool pss through loction tht is offset by distnce equl to its rdius, nd then crry out the progrmming ccordingly. An error is generted when n ttempt is mde to execute code for strting cutter compenstion (G41 or G42) while in the circulr interpoltion mode. 23

25 Helicl Interpoltion When n xis is dded to the coordinte point for the destintion of interpoltion, movement in the form of helix is crried out, s shown below. This is clled helicl interpoltion. A three-dimensionl curve is cut by performing synchronized liner opertion long the dded xis while crrying out circulr interpoltion. Formt G17 { G02 G03 } [ x ][ y ] { [I cx ][J cy ] [R rdius ] } z G18 { G02 G03 } [ x ][ z ] { [I cx ][K cz ] [R rdius ] } y G19 { G02 G03 } [ y ][ z ] { [J cy ][K cz ] [R rdius ] } x Prmeter Function Acceptble rnge Effective rnge x Coordinte or movement distnce ( xis) Rnge 1 Mximum cutting rnge y Coordinte or movement distnce ( xis) Rnge 1 Mximum cutting rnge z Coordinte or movement distnce ( xis) Rnge 1 Mximum cutting rnge cx Movement distnce to circle (rc) center ( xis) Rnge 1 Mximum cutting rnge cy Movement distnce to circle (rc) center ( xis) Rnge 1 Mximum cutting rnge cz Movement distnce to circle (rc) center ( xis) Rnge 1 Mximum cutting rnge rdius rdius Rnge 3 Mximum cutting rnge 24

26 G04 Dwell Formt G04[ time() ] G04[P time(p) ] Prmeter Function Acceptble rnge Effective rnge time() Dwell time Rnge 1 - time(p) Dwell time Rnge 2 - G04 specifies the time intervl for moving from the previous block to the next block. G04 is normlly specified s single block ll by itself. G04 is used with the im of cutting precise ngle, ensuring precision when cutting the bottom of drilled hole, or the like. The desired dwell time is specified fter or P. nd P re functionlly equivlent, nd my be used interchngebly. A numericl vlue (rel or integer) is used to specify the dwell time. The specified time is in seconds when rel number is used, nd in milliseconds when n integer is used. G G second dwell 10-second dwell (in millisecond units) 25

27 G10 Dt Setting Formt G10L2P coordinte [ x][ z] G10[P number ][R offset ] Prmeter Function Acceptble rnge Effective rnge coordinte Work coordinte Rnge x Coordinte or movement distnce ( xis) Rnge 1 Mximum cutting rnge y Coordinte or movement distnce ( xis) Rnge 1 Mximum cutting rnge z Coordinte or movement distnce ( xis) Rnge 1 Mximum cutting rnge number Offset number Rnge offset [mm] [mm] or inch or inch This sets the mount of shift for workpiece coordinte systems s well s the mount of offset used by the cutter compenstion nd toollength compenstion. Setting the Amount of Shift for Coordinte Systems This sets the mount of shift for workpiece coordinte systems 1 to 6 of G54 nd G59. The formt for setting the mount of shift is s follows. G10L2P coordinte [ x][ z] The number of the workpiece coordinte system (1 to 6) is specified by coordinte. Specifying 0 cuses the mount of shift (EOFS) to be set for ll workpiece coordinte systems. The mounts of shift for the coordinte system re specified by x, y, nd z. When 0 hs been specified for coordinte, the vlue is set with the mchine coordinte origin tken s 0. When coordinte specifies the number of workpiece coordinte system (1 to 6), the vlue is set with point shifted from the mchine coordinte origin by distnce equl to EOFS tken s 0. Refer to "Prt1_Coordinte Systems" for detiled informtion bout coordinte systems. origin point offset mount coordinte system 1 by G10 coordinte system 1 Mchine coordinte origin point 26

28 Mchine coordinte origin point Externl workpiece origin point offset mount EOFS coordinte system 1 coordinte system 4 coordinte system 2 coordinte system 3 coordinte system 6 coordinte system 5 Setting the Amount of Offset This sets the mount of offset used by the cutter compenstion (G41 nd G42). The formt for setting the mount of offset is s follows. G10P number [R offset ] The offset number for which n mount of offset is to be specified is indicted by number. An integer from 1 to 10 my be specified. The mount of offset is indicted by offset. A setting within the rnge of to mm (or within the rnge of inch to 0.39 inch for inch input) my be mde. Setting negtive vlue for the mount of offset cuses the direction of offset to be reversed. Exmple: When n mount of offset of -3 mm is specified for offset number 1 G00G41H Offset of -3 mm to the left-hnd side reltive to the direction of forwrd movement = 3 mm offset to the right-hnd side * Reverse-direction offsets is lso pplied to G42. The mount of offset cn be specified using the LCD pnel on the PNC (Refer to the User's Mnul 3 Cutting Using NC-Codes for description of the procedure.) 27

29 G17, G18 nd G19 Plne Formt G17 G18 G19 This specifies two-dimensionl plne for circulr interpoltion (G02 or G03). G17 specifies the - plne, G18 specifies the - plne, nd G19 specifies the - plne. Ech of these is normlly used in combintion with G02 or G03 in the sme block. (Refer to "Circulr Interpoltion G02 nd G03"). + - plne - plne plne G20 nd G21 Setting the Mesurement Unit Formt G20 G21 This sets the mesurement unit used for movement, feed rte, nd offset mounts. G20 sets inch input, nd G21 sets millimeter input. Either G20 or G21 is set t the strt of the progrm, before setting the coordinte system. G20 nd G21 should not be chnged during the course of progrm. The minimum units differ for inch input nd millimeter input. Inch input Millimeter input Minimum units in mm Chnging the mesurement unit results in interprettion s shown below. Movement Feed rte Offset mounts Commnd G20 G21 G in. 1 mm G in. 1 mm F inch/min. 60 mm/min. F inch/min. 45 mm/min. G10P01R in. 10 mm G10P01R in. 10 mm 28

30 G39 Corner-offset Circulr Interpoltion Formt G39[ x][ y] Prmeter Function Acceptble rnge Effective rnge x Coordinte or movement distnce ( xis) Rnge 1 Mximum cutting rnge y Coordinte or movement distnce ( xis) Rnge 1 Mximum cutting rnge Corner-offset circulr interpoltion is function which performs tool movement t crossover points during cutter compenstion by mens of circulr interpoltion. The rdius of circulr interpoltion is the mount of offset (tool rdius). Corner-offset circulr interpoltion cn be executed during cutter compenstion, when G41 or G42 hs lredy been executed. The vlues for x nd y specify the direction of movement fter corner-offset circulr interpoltion hs been performed. N0132 G17G00G41D N0163 G N N0132 G17G00G41D N0163 G N0164 G y7500 Crossover point Amount of offset Circulr interpoltion with rdius s mount of offset Progrmmed pth Pth trveled by center of tool Progrmmed pth Pth trveled by center of tool (18000, 7500) (18000, 7500) G39 is word which is effective only within block. Arc interpoltion is used only for corners specified s G39. G39 does not ffect G00, G01, G02, or G03. 29

31 G40, G41 nd G42 Cutter Compenstion Formt { G00 G01 G17 { G00 G01 } G40[ x ][ y ] } { G41 [ x ][ y ] G42 } D number Prmeter Function Acceptble rnge Effective rnge x Coordinte or movement distnce ( xis) Rnge 1 Mximum cutting rnge y Coordinte or movement distnce ( xis) Rnge 1 Mximum cutting rnge number Offset number The movement of the tool specified by the progrm is the pth tken by the center of the tool. Becuse the tool hs certin thickness (i.e., certin dimeter), it will over-cut by n mount equl to its rdius if the coordintes on the drwing re input just s they re. To cut shpe s specified by the drwing, the tool must be mde to move t plce which shifted wy by distnce equl to the tool rdius. This is clled the tool-dimeter offset. Using this function mkes it possible to input the vlues from the drwing s coordinte vlues (or mounts of movement) with no need for modifiction, thus fcilitting progrmming. Also, if cutting is to be performed with tool tht hs different tool dimeter, it is only necessry to chnge the mount of offset. The words for cutter compenstion re G40, G41, nd G42. G40: Cncel cutter compenstion G41: Cutter compenstion -- left G42: Cutter compenstion -- right R15 15 R15 R15-R R15 25 R15+R R15 R Tool : Tool pth Restrictions on Cutter Compenstion Cutter compenstion is subject to the following restrictions. 1. Cutter compenstion cn be performed only in the plne. 2. Do not position two or more blocks without - nd -xis motion commnds next to ech other during tool dimeter compenstion. It my cuse excessive or insufficient cutting depth. 3. No interference check for cutter compenstion is performed. However, n error is generted if n ttempt is mde to mchine the inner side of circle or rc with n mount of offset tht is lrger thn the rdius for circulr interpoltion. 30

32 4. When circulr interpoltion hs been specified, n error is generted if cutter compenstion is strted or cnceled. When positioning (G00) or liner interpoltion (G01) hs been specified, cutter compenstion should be strted or cnceled. 5. When cutter compenstion for circulr interpoltion is performed, prmeters cnnot be chnged using the disply with opertion pused. 6. When fixed-cycle opertion hs been specified, executing or cnceling cutter compenstion cuses n error to be generted. 7. Performing ny of the following opertions or settings during cutter compenstion cuses n error to be generted. Chnging the offset number : To chnge the offset number, first cncel cutter compenstion. Then execute G41 or G42 gin, nd chnge the offset number. Switching the direction of compenstion : When G41 (cutter compenstion -- left) hs been used, executing G42 cuses n error to be generted. Similrly, when G42 (cutter compenstion -- right) hs been used, executing G41 cuses n error to be generted. Specifying plne : Executing G17, G18, or G19 cuses n error to be generted. Scling : Executing G50 or G51 cuses n error to be generted. Fixed cycle : Executing G80, G81, G82, G85, G86, or G89 cuses n error to be generted. Specifying coordinte system : Executing G10, G54 to G59, or G92 cuses n error to be generted. Clling subprogrm or returning to the min progrm : Executing M98 or M99 cuses n error to be generted. Tool chnge : Executing M06 cuses n error to be generted. Setting the Amount of Offset The PNC-3200 llows mounts of offset to be set individully for offset numbers 1 to 10. An mount of offset cn be set using either of two methods. 1. Using the disply on the PNC-3200 The PNC-3200's LCD screen nd control keys re used to set the mount of offset. See the User's Mnul 3 Cutting Using NC- Codes for description of the procedure. 2. Using code (G10) G10P number[r offset] Prmeter Function Acceptble rnge Effective rnge number Offset number Rnge offset Offset vlue [mm] [mm] or inch or inch Note: The rnges shown bove re the rnges where the mount of offset for cutter compenstion cn be used. * If G41 or G42 is used to specify n offset number for which no mount of offset hs been set with G10, the vlue tht hs been set on the PNC-3200 is used. * Setting negtive vlue for n mount of offset cuses the offset direction of G41 nd G42 to be reversed s shown below. G00G41D Offset of -3 mm to the left-hnd side reltive to the direction of forwrd movement = 3 mm offset to the right-hnd side G00G42D Offset of -3 mm to the right-hnd side reltive to the direction of forwrd movement = 3 mm offset to the left-hnd side * An mount of offset of zero is set for offset number 0. The mount of offset for offset number 0 cnnot be chnged. 31

33 Strting Cutter Compenstion Cutter compenstion is strted with G41 or G42. G41 performs offset to the left-hnd side reltive to the direction of forwrd movement. Similrly, G42 performs offset to the right-hnd side reltive to the direction of forwrd movement. The direction of offset cnnot be chnged while cutter compenstion is in progress. R : Progrmmed pth : Pth trveled by center of tool G41 R G42 R : Tool : Tool rdius G41 or G42 is specified immeditely fter positioning (G00) or liner interpoltion (G01). Cutter compenstion cnnot be strted with circulr interpoltion (G02 or G03). Also, compenstion on the PNC-3200 is performed only for the plne, nd so G17 (setting of the plne) is specified immeditely fter G00 or G01. As shown in the figure below (on the left-hnd side), the tool is shifted to the left or the right by the mount of offset s it moves forwrd from the strting point. Opertion tkes plce when commnd for moving to block is specified when cutter compenstion finishes. Progrmmed pth Pth trveled by center of tool Strt position Now let's tke look t tool movement when cutter compenstion is strted in ctul use. As the following figures show, the shift from the strt of offset to the next opertion cn be clssified s trvel on the inner side of the progrm pth, trvel on the outer side s n obtuse ngle, nd trvel on the outer side s n cute ngle. Outer-side trvel includes Type A nd Type B pths. The settings for Type A or Type B re mde using the PNC-3200's disply. (Refer to the User's Mnul. ) Definitions of Inner Side nd Outer Side 180 or more Workpiece Pth trveled by center of tool Progrmmed pth Workpiece < Inner side > < Outer side > Pth trveled by center of tool Progrmmed pth Inner Side (180 ) < = From line to line From line to n rc Strt position Amount of offset Progrmmed pth Strt position Amount of offset Progrmmed pth Pth trveled by center of tool Pth trveled by center of tool 32