Graphics User Interface

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1 Java Prgramming Curse Graphics User Interface By Võ Văn Hải Faculty f Infrmatin Technlgies Industrial University f H Chi Minh City Java SE 7 Platfrm at a Glance 2 1

What is JFC? The Java Fundatin Classes (JFC) are a cmprehensive set f GUI cmpnents and services t simplifythe develpment and deplyment f cmmercial-quality desktp applicatins.

2 What is JFC? The Java Fundatin Classes (JFC) are a cmprehensive set f GUI cmpnents and services t simplifythe develpment and deplyment f cmmercial-quality desktp applicatins. It s an effrt t prvide a cmplete CLASS LIBRARY t build mdern GUIs ut-f-the-bx. With JFC yu ll get mst f what yu need when develping any kind f user interface. 3 JFC SWING IS FOR GUI BUILDING 4 2

3 What abut AWT? Prvides the basic functinality fr GUI building. Prvides a minimum set f cmpnents. Cmplex GUI require cmplex applicatins. Cmpnents difficult t custmize extend. JFC extends AWT JFC prvides mre cmpnents and mre functinality. AWT prvides: The Event Mdel. The Cmpnent/Cntainer cnceptualizatin. 5 AWT 6 3

AWT & SWING 7 Java GUI Histry Abstract Windwing Tlkit (AWT): Sun's initial effrt t create a set f crss-platfrm GUI classes. (JDK 1.0-1.

Swing: A newer GUI library written frm the grund up that allws much mre pwerful graphics and GUI cnstructin. (JDK 1.

4 AWT & SWING 7 Java GUI Histry Abstract Windwing Tlkit (AWT): Sun's initial effrt t create a set f crss-platfrm GUI classes. (JDK ) Maps general Java cde t each perating system's real GUI system. Prblems: Limited t lwest cmmn denminatr; clunky t use. Swing: A newer GUI library written frm the grund up that allws much mre pwerful graphics and GUI cnstructin. (JDK 1.2+) Paints GUI cntrls itself pixel-by-pixel rather than handing ff t OS. Benefits: Features; cmpatibility; OO design. Prblem: Bth exist in Java nw; easy t get them mixed up; still have t use bth in varius places. 4

5 Graphical User Interfaces A Graphical User Interface (GUI) in Java is created with at least three kinds f bjects: Cmpnents Events Listeners Graphical User Interfaces -Cmpnents There are tw types f Cmpnents: Cmpnents, which are bjects that represent screen elements : labels, buttns, text fields, menus, etc. Sme cmpnents are cntainers that hld and rganize ther cmpnents: frames, panels, applets, dialg bxes, tp-level cntainer: frames, windws, dialgs, applets cntainers: panel, tabled panes,scrll panes, 10 5

6 Java Swing Cmpnents 03/01/

7 GUI - Events and Listeners (1) The Event Mdel GUI Building is Event Driven. Listeners are bjects which are ntified whenever a certain event happens. Different Listeners can listen t different events (muse mve, buttn clicks, list selectin, windws clsing, etc ) Each cmpnent has a list f Listeners fr each type f events may happen. If yu want t d smething when a certain event happens: Create yur listener class/bject Register it with the cmpnent yu are interested in 13 GUI - Events and Listeners (2) Event Cmpnent Listener A cmpnent bject may generate an event A crrespnding listener bject is designed t respnd t the event When the event ccurs, the cmpnent calls the apprpriate methd f the listener, passing an bject that describes the event 7

15 GUI - Events and Listeners (3) Determining Event Surces Recall that interactive GUIs require establishing a relatinship between cmpnents and the listeners that respnd t

8 15 GUI - Events and Listeners (3) Determining Event Surces Recall that interactive GUIs require establishing a relatinship between cmpnents and the listeners that respnd t cmpnent events One listener bject can be used t listen t tw different cmpnents The surce f the event can be determined by using the getsurce methd f the event passed t the listener 16 8

GUI Develpment Generally we use cmpnents and events that are predefined by classes in the Java class library Therefre, t create a Java prgram that uses a GUI we must: instantiate and set up the

9 GUI Develpment Generally we use cmpnents and events that are predefined by classes in the Java class library Therefre, t create a Java prgram that uses a GUI we must: instantiate and set up the necessary cmpnents implement listener classes fr any events we care abut establish the relatinship between listeners and cmpnents that generate the crrespnding events Let's nw explre sme new cmpnents and see hw this all cmes tgether GUI cmpnents: Tp-level cntainer 18 9

10 Tp-level cntainer: JFrame 19 Tp-level cntainer: JDialg 20 10

11 Tp-level cntainer: Windw 21 Tp-level cntainer: JApplet 22 11

12 Tp-level cntainer: Events Registe WindwListener 23 Tp-level cntainer: Events (2) 24 12

GUI Cmpnents - JPanel A panel is a cntainer that cannt be displayed n its wn but is used t rganize ther cmpnents A panel must be added t anther cntainer t be displayed Nested Panels Cntainers that

13 GUI Cmpnents - JPanel A panel is a cntainer that cannt be displayed n its wn but is used t rganize ther cmpnents A panel must be added t anther cntainer t be displayed Nested Panels Cntainers that cntain ther cmpnents make up the cntainment hierarchy f an interface This hierarchy can be as intricate as needed t create the visual effect desired The fllwing example nests tw panels inside a third panel nte the effect this has as the frame is resized 25 GUI Cmpnents - JPanel 26 13

That is, a label can be cmpsed f text, and image, r bth at the same time The ImageIcn class is used t represent an image that

14 GUI Cmpnents - JLabel A label is a GUI cmpnent that displays a line f text Labels are usually used t display infrmatin r identify ther cmpnents in the interface It can als be used t display an image. That is, a label can be cmpsed f text, and image, r bth at the same time The ImageIcn class is used t represent an image that is stred in a label The psitin f the text relative t the image can be set explicitly The alignment f the text and image within the label can be set as well 27 GUI Cmpnents - JLabel 28 14

15 JButtn dem 03/01/2013 GUI Cmpnents - JButtn JButtn is a clickable regin fr causing actins t ccur

16 Event cde rganiszatin There are 3 ways t rganize event cde: Annymus class Apply when the manipulatin cde is simple, small Make cntainer implements the listeners (r extends adaptr) Apply when the manipulatin cde is medium Make new class fr event manipulatin Apply when the manipulatin cde is large See dem 31 GUI Cmpnents - JCheckBx A check bx is a buttn that can be tggled n r ff It is represented by the JCheckBx class Unlike a push buttn, which generates an actin event, a check bx generates an item event whenever it changes state (is checked n r ff) The ItemListener interface is used t define item event listeners The check bx calls the itemstatechanged methd f the listener when it is tggled 32 16

GUI Cmpnents - JRadiButtn A grup f radi buttns represents a set f mutually exclusive ptins nly ne can be selected at any given time When a radi buttn frm a grup is selected, the buttn that is

17 GUI Cmpnents - JRadiButtn A grup f radi buttns represents a set f mutually exclusive ptins nly ne can be selected at any given time When a radi buttn frm a grup is selected, the buttn that is currently "n" in the grup is autmatically tggled ff T define the grup f radi buttns that will wrk tgether, each radi buttn is added t a ButtnGrup bject A radi buttn generates an actin event 33 JRadiButtn & JCheckBx dem 34 17

35 GUI Cmpnents JMenu A menu ffers ptins t user. Menus are nt generally added t user interface. Menu usually appears either in a menu bar r as a ppup menu.

18 35 GUI Cmpnents JMenu A menu ffers ptins t user. Menus are nt generally added t user interface. Menu usually appears either in a menu bar r as a ppup menu. A JFrame ften has a menu bar cntaining many menus; and each menu can cntain many chices. Menu bar can be added t a JFrame with the methd setjmenubar

Frequently used cmmands are placed in a tlbar fr quick access.

19 GUI Cmpnents JPpupMenu 37 GUI Cmpnents JTlBar In user interfaces, a tlbar is ften used t hld cmmands that als appear in the menus. Frequently used cmmands are placed in a tlbar fr quick access. Clicking a cmmand in the tlbar is faster than chsing it frm the menu

20 Layut Managers A layut manager is an bject that determines the way that cmpnents are arranged in a cntainer There are several predefined layut managers defined in the Java standard class library: Flw Layut Brder Layut Card Layut Grid Layut GridBag Layut Bx Layut Overlay Layut Defined in the AWT Defined in Swing 39 Layut Managers Every cntainer has a default layut manager, but we can explicitly set the layut manager as well Each layut manager has its wn particular rules gverning hw the cmpnents will be arranged Sme layut managers pay attentin t a cmpnent's preferred size r alignment, while thers d nt A layut manager attempts t adjust the layut as cmpnents are added and as cntainers are resized 40 20

cntainer Each rw f cmpnents is centered hrizntally in the windw by default, but culd als be aligned

21 Flw Layut Flw layut puts as many cmpnents as pssible n a rw, then mves t the next rw Rws are created as needed t accmmdate all f the cmpnents Cmpnents are displayed in the rder they are added t the cntainer Each rw f cmpnents is centered hrizntally in the windw by default, but culd als be aligned left r right Als, the hrizntal and vertical gaps between the cmpnents can be explicitly set 41 FLwLayut dem 42 21

accmmdate the cmpnent added t it If nthing is added t the uter areas, they take up n space and ther

22 Brder Layut A brder layut defines five areas int which cmpnents can be added Each area displays ne cmpnent (which culd be a cntainer such as a JPanel) Each f the fur uter areas enlarges as needed t accmmdate the cmpnent added t it If nthing is added t the uter areas, they take up n space and ther areas expand t fill the vid The center area expands t fill space as needed 43 Brder Layut dem 44 22

cmpnents are added t the cntainer, they fill the grid frm left-t-right and tp-t-bttm (by

23 Grid Layut A grid layut presents a cntainer s cmpnents in a rectangular grid f rws and clumns One cmpnent is placed in each cell f the grid, and all cells have the same size As cmpnents are added t the cntainer, they fill the grid frm left-t-right and tp-t-bttm (by default) The size f each cell is determined by the verall size f the cntainer 45 Grid Layut dem 46 23

24 Bx Layut A bx layut rganizes cmpnents hrizntally (in ne rw) r vertically (in ne clumn) Cmpnents are placed tp-t-bttm r left-t-right in the rder in which they are added t the cntainer By cmbining multiple cntainers using bx layut, many different cnfiguratins can be created Multiple cntainers with bx layuts are ften preferred t ne cntainer that uses the mre cmplicated gridbag layut manager 47 Bx Layut Invisible cmpnents can be added t a bx layut cntainer t take up space between cmpnents Rigid areas have a fixed size Glue specifies where excess space shuld g A rigid area is created using the createrigidarea methd f the Bx class Glue is created using the createhrizntalglue r createverticalglue methds 48 24

25 Bx Layut dem

26 GUI Cmpnents Text cmpnent 51 GUI Cmpnents Text cmpnent 52 26

27 GUI Cmpnents Text cmpnent Grup Descriptin Swing Classes Text Cntrls Als knwn simply as text fields, text cntrls can display nly ne line f editable text. Like buttns, they generate actin events. Use them t get a small amunt f textual infrmatin frm the user and perfrm an actin after the text entry is cmplete. JTextField and its subclasses JPasswrdField and JFrmattedTextFi eld Plain Text Areas JTextArea can display multiple lines f editable text. Althugh a text area can display text in any fnt, all f the text is in the same fnt. Use a text area t allw the user t enter unfrmatted text f any length r t display unfrmatted help infrmatin. JTextArea 53 GUI Cmpnents Text cmpnent Grup Descriptin Swing Classes Styled Text Areas A styled text cmpnent can display editable text using mre than ne fnt. Sme styled text cmpnents allw embedded images and even embedded cmpnents. Styled text cmpnents are pwerful and multi-faceted cmpnents suitable fr high-end needs, and ffer mre avenues fr custmizatin than the ther text cmpnents. Because they are s pwerful and flexible, styled text cmpnents typically require mre initial prgramming t set up and use. One exceptin is that editr panes can be easily laded with frmatted text frm a URL, which makes them useful fr displaying uneditable help infrmatin. JEditrPane and its subclass JTextPane 54 27

28 Dem JEditrPane as a simple brwser 55 Mre n Event-Handling 56 28

GUI Cmpnents thers cntainer JScrllPane JSplitPane JTabbedPane 57 Dialg Bxes A dialg bx is a small windw that "pps up" t interact with the user fr a brief, specific purpse The JOptinPane class makes

29 GUI Cmpnents thers cntainer JScrllPane JSplitPane JTabbedPane 57 Dialg Bxes A dialg bx is a small windw that "pps up" t interact with the user fr a brief, specific purpse The JOptinPane class makes it easy t create dialg bxes fr presenting infrmatin, cnfirming an actin, r accepting an input value. Dialg types: JOptinPane.shwCnfirmDialg JOptinPane.shwInputDialg JOptinPane.shwMessageDialg JOptinPane.shwOptinDialg 58 29

30 Dialg Bxes Input Dialg 59 Dialg Bxes Cnfirm Dialg 60 30

31 Dialg Bxes Message Dialg JOptinPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE JOptinPane.ERROR_MESSAGE JOptinPane.PLAIN_MESSAGE JOptinPane.WARNING_MESSAGE JOptinPane.QUESTION_MESSAGE 61 Dialg Bxes Optin Dialg 62 31

32 Dialg Bxes - JClrChser 63 Dialg Bxes - JFileChser 64 32

33 Dialg Bxes - JFileChser 65 Dialg Bxes - JFileChser Chsing multiple file types 66 33

34 GUI Cmpnents thers cmpnents JPrgressBar JSlider JSrllBar 67 GUI Cmpnents JList The Swing Jlist class represents a list f items frm which the user can chse. The cntents f a JList bject can be specified using an array f bjects. A JList bject generates a list selectin event when the current selectin changes. A JList bject can be set s that multiple items can be selected at the same time. It can be ne f three ptins: Single selectin nly ne item can be selected at a time. Single interval selectin multiple, cntiguus items can be selected at a time. Multiple interval selectin any cmbinatin f items can be selected. The list selectin mde is defined by a ListSelectinMdel bject

35 69 GUI Cmpnents JTable Tables are used t display data in a spreadsheet fashin The JFC JTable is riented tward displaying database recrds in which each rw displays a rw in the database, and each clumn displays different recrd s values fr the same field. JTable is a user-interface cmpnent that presents data in a tw-dimensinal table frmat The JTable has many features that make it pssible t custmize its rendering and editing but prvides defaults fr these features

Create JTable 03/01/2013 GUI Cmpnents JTable A JTable cnsists f: Rws f data Clumns f data Clumn headers An editr, if yu want cells t be editable A TableMdel,

clumns and gives access t the TableClumns A ListSelectinMdel, usually DefaultListSelectinMdel, which keeps track f the JTable s currently selected rw(s) A

36 Create JTable 03/01/2013 GUI Cmpnents JTable A JTable cnsists f: Rws f data Clumns f data Clumn headers An editr, if yu want cells t be editable A TableMdel, usually a subclass f AbstractTableMdel, which stres the table s data A TableClumnMdel, usually DefaultTableClumnMdel, which cntrls the behavir f the table s clumns and gives access t the TableClumns A ListSelectinMdel, usually DefaultListSelectinMdel, which keeps track f the JTable s currently selected rw(s) A TableCellRenderer, usually an instance f DefaultCellRenderer Multiple TableClumns, which stre graphical infrmatin abut each clumn A JTableHeader which displays clumn headers

37 GUI Cmpnents Jtable 73 JTable: Srt and Filter 74 37

38 GUI Cmpnents JTree JTree is a Swing cmpnent that displays data in a treelike hierarchy. Rt Leaf 75 GUI Cmpnents JTree While JTree displays the tree, the data representatin f the tree is handled by TreeMdel, TreeNde, and TreePath. TreeMdel represents the entire tree, TreeNde represents a nde, TreePath represents a path t a nde. Unlike the ListMdel r TableMdel, the tree mdel des nt directly stre r manage tree data. Tree data are stred and managed in TreeNde and TreePath. Yu can create a tree using its n-arg cnstructr, a tree mdel, a tree nde, a Hashtable, an array, r a vectr 76 38

39 GUI Cmpnents JTree javax.swing.jtree TreeNde -mdel: TreeMdel TreeMdel DefaultTreeMdel MutableTreeNde -anchrpath: TreePath -leadpath: TreePath TreePath DefaultMutableTreeNde -selectinmdel: TreeSelectinMdel -celleditr: TreeCellEditr -cellrenderer: TreeCellEditr TreeSelectinMdel TreeCellRenderer TreeCellEditr DefaultTreeSelectinMdel DefaultTreeCellRenderer DefaultTreeCellEditr The TreeSelectinMdel interface handles tree nde selectin. The DefaultTreeCellRenderer class prvides a default tree nde renderer that can display a label and/r an icn in a nde. The DefaultTreeCellEditr can be used t edit the cells in a text field. 77 GUI Cmpnents Jtree While TreeMdel represents the entire tree, TreeNde stres a single nde f the tree. MutableTreeNde defines a subinterface f TreeNde with additinal methds fr changing the cntent f the nde, fr inserting and remving a child nde, fr setting a new parent, and fr remving the nde itself. DefaultMutableTreeNde is a cncrete implementatin f MutableTreeNde that maintains a list f children in a vectr and prvides the peratins fr creating ndes, fr examining and mdifying a nde s parent and children, and als fr examining the tree t which the nde belngs. Nrmally, yu shuld use DefaultMutableTreeNde t create a tree nde

Whenever a nde is expanded r cllapsed, JTree fires a TreeExpansinEvent.

40 Dem JTree 79 GUI Cmpnents JTree : events JTreecan fire TreeSelectinEvent and TreeExpansinEvent, amng many ther events. Whenever a new nde is selected, JTree fires a TreeSelectinEvent. Whenever a nde is expanded r cllapsed, JTree fires a TreeExpansinEvent. T handle the tree-selectin event, a listener must implement the TreeSelectinListener interface, which cntains a single handler named valuechanged methd. TreeExpansinListener cntains tw handlers named treecllapsed and treeexpanded fr handling nde expansin r nde clsing

41 JTree event sample 81 GUI Cmpnents JTree Tree Nde Rendering and Editing 82 41

In the Windws envirnment, this user interface is smetimes called the multiple dcument interface r MDI.

42 MDI - multiple dcument interface Many applicatins present infrmatin in multiple windws that are all cntained inside a large frame. If yu minimize the applicatin frame, then all f its windws are hidden at the same time. In the Windws envirnment, this user interface is smetimes called the multiple dcument interface r MDI. In the wrld f Java, where yu can't rely n a rich hst windwing system, it makes a lt f sense t have yur applicatin manage its frames

mtiflkandfeel cm.sun.java.swing.plaf.windws.

43 Lk-and-Feel Smes installed lk-n-feel: javax.swing.plaf.metal.metallkandfeel javax.swing.plaf.nimbus.nimbuslkandfeel cm.sun.java.swing.plaf.mtif.mtiflkandfeel cm.sun.java.swing.plaf.windws.windwslkandfeel cm.sun.java.swing.plaf.windws.windwsclassiclkandfeel

Graphics User Interface

Java Prgramming Curse Graphics User Interface Java SE 7 Platfrm at a Glance By Võ Văn Hải Faculty f Infrmatin Technlgies Industrial University f H Chi Minh City 2 What is JFC? JFC The Java Fundatin Classes