ECE 448 Lecture 13. FPGA Memories. George Mason University
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1 ECE 448 Lecture 13 FPGA Memories George Mason University
2 Recommended reading Spartan-6 FPGA Block RAM Resources: User Guide Google search: UG383 Spartan-6 FPGA Configurable Logic Block: User Guide Google search: UG384 Xilinx FPGA Embedded Memory Advantages: White Paper Google search: WP360 2
3 Recommended reading XST User Guide for Virtex-6, Spartan-6, and 7 Series Devices Chapter 7, HDL Coding Techniques Sections: RAM HDL Coding Techniques ROM HDL Coding Techniques ISE In-Depth Tutorial, Section: Creating a CORE Generator Tool Module 3
4 Memory Types 4
5 Memory Types Memory RAM ROM Memory Single port Dual port Memory With asynchronous read With synchronous read 5
6 Memory Types specific to Xilinx FPGAs Memory Distributed (MLUT-based) Block RAM-based (BRAM-based) Memory Inferred Instantiated Manually Using CORE Generator 6
7 FPGA Distributed Memory 7
8 Location of Distributed RAM Logic resources (CLB slices) RAM blocks Multipliers DSP units Logic Logic resources blocks Graphics based on The Design Warrior s Guide to FPGAs Devices, Tools, and Flows. ISBN Copyright 2004 Mentor Graphics Corp. ( 8
9 Three Different Types of Slices 50% 25% 25% 9
10 Spartan-6 Multipurpose LUT (MLUT) 16-bit 32-bit SR x 1 RAM 4-input 64 x 1 ROM LUT (logic) The Design Warrior s Guide to FPGAs Devices, Tools, and Flows. ISBN Copyright 2004 Mentor Graphics Corp. ( 10
11 Single-port 64 x 1-bit RAM 11
12 Memories Built of Neighboring MLUTs Memories built of 2 MLUTs: Single-port 128 x 1-bit RAM: RAM128x1S Dual-port 64 x 1-bit RAM : RAM64x1D Memories built of 4 MLUTs: Single-port 256 x 1-bit RAM: RAM256x1S Dual-port 128 x 1-bit RAM: RAM128x1D Quad-port 64 x 1-bit RAM: RAM64x1Q Simple-dual-port 64 x 3-bit RAM: RAM64x3SDP (one address for read, one address for write) 12
13 Dual-port 64 x 1 RAM Dual-port 64 x 1-bit RAM : 64x1D Single-port 128 x 1-bit RAM: 128x1S 13
14 Total Size of Distributed RAM 14
15 FPGA Block RAM 15
16 Location of Block RAMs Logic resources (CLB slices) RAM blocks Multipliers DSP units Logic Logic resources blocks Graphics based on The Design Warrior s Guide to FPGAs Devices, Tools, and Flows. ISBN Copyright 2004 Mentor Graphics Corp. ( 16
17 Spartan-6 Block RAM Amounts 17
18 Block RAM can have various configurations (port aspect ratios) k x 2 4k x 4 4,095 16k x 1 8, k x (8+1) 16, x (16+2) 18
19 19
20 20
21 Block RAM Port Aspect Ratios 21
22 Block RAM Interface 22
23 Block RAM Ports 23
24 Block RAM Waveforms READ_FIRST mode 24
25 Block RAM Waveforms WRITE_FIRST mode 25
26 Block RAM Waveforms NO_CHANGE mode 26
27 Features of Block RAMs in Spartan-6 FPGAs 27
28 Inference vs. Instantiation 28
29 29
30 Using CORE Generator 30
31 CORE Generator 31
32 CORE Generator 32
33 Generic Inferred ROM 33
34 Distributed ROM with asynchronous read LIBRARY ieee; USE ieee.std_logic_1164.all; USE ieee.std_logic_arith.all; Entity ROM is generic ( w : integer := 12; -- number of bits per ROM word r : integer := 3); -- 2^r = number of words in ROM port (addr : in std_logic_vector(r-1 downto 0); dout : out std_logic_vector(w-1 downto 0)); end ROM; 34
35 Distributed ROM with asynchronous read architecture behavioral of rominfr is type rom_type is array (2**r-1 downto 0) of std_logic_vector (w-1 downto 0); constant ROM_array : rom_type := (" ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " "); begin dout <= ROM_array(conv_integer(unsigned(addr))); end behavioral; 35
36 Distributed ROM with asynchronous read architecture behavioral of rominfr is type rom_type is array (2**r-1 downto 0) of std_logic_vector (w-1 downto 0); constant ROM_array : rom_type := ("0C4", "4D2", "4DB", "6C2", "0F1", "7D6", "4D0", "F9F"); begin dout <= ROM_array(conv_integer(unsigned(addr))); end behavioral; 36
37 Generic Inferred RAM 37
38 Distributed versus Block RAM Inference Examples: 1. Distributed single-port RAM with asynchronous read 2. Distributed dual-port RAM with asynchronous read 3. Block RAM with synchronous read (no version with asynchronous read!) More excellent RAM examples from XST Coding Guidelines. 38
39 Distributed single-port RAM with asynchronous read LIBRARY ieee; USE ieee.std_logic_1164.all; USE ieee.std_logic_arith.all; entity raminfr is generic ( w : integer := 32; -- number of bits per RAM word r : integer := 6); -- 2^r = number of words in RAM port (clk : in std_logic; we : in std_logic; a : in std_logic_vector(r-1 downto 0); di : in std_logic_vector(w-1 downto 0); do : out std_logic_vector(w-1 downto 0)); end raminfr; 39
40 Distributed single-port RAM with asynchronous read architecture behavioral of raminfr is type ram_type is array (2**r-1 downto 0) of std_logic_vector (w-1 downto 0); signal RAM : ram_type; begin process (clk) begin if (clk'event and clk = '1') then if (we = '1') then RAM(conv_integer(unsigned(a))) <= di; end if; end if; end process; do <= RAM(conv_integer(unsigned(a))); end behavioral; 40
41 Distributed dual-port RAM with asynchronous read library ieee; use ieee.std_logic_1164.all; use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all; use ieee.std_logic_arith.all; entity raminfr is generic ( w : integer := 32; -- number of bits per RAM word r : integer := 6); -- 2^r = number of words in RAM port (clk : in std_logic; we : in std_logic; a : in std_logic_vector(r-1 downto 0); dpra : in std_logic_vector(r-1 downto 0); di : in std_logic_vector(w-1 downto 0); spo : out std_logic_vector(w-1 downto 0); dpo : out std_logic_vector(w-1 downto 0)); end raminfr; 41
42 Distributed dual-port RAM with asynchronous read architecture syn of raminfr is type ram_type is array (2**r-1 downto 0) of std_logic_vector (w-1 downto 0); signal RAM : ram_type; begin process (clk) begin if (clk'event and clk = '1') then if (we = '1') then RAM(conv_integer(unsigned(a))) <= di; end if; end if; end process; spo <= RAM(conv_integer(unsigned(a))); dpo <= RAM(conv_integer(unsigned(dpra))); end syn; 42
43 Block RAM Waveforms READ_FIRST mode 43
44 Block RAM with synchronous read LIBRARY ieee; USE ieee.std_logic_1164.all; USE ieee.std_logic_arith.all; entity raminfr is generic ( w : integer := 32; -- number of bits per RAM word r : integer := 9); -- 2^r = number of words in RAM port (clk : in std_logic; we : in std_logic; en : in std_logic; addr : in std_logic_vector(r-1 downto 0); di : in std_logic_vector(w-1 downto 0); do : out std_logic_vector(w-1 downto 0)); end raminfr; 44
45 Block RAM with synchronous read Read-First Mode - cont'd architecture behavioral of raminfr is type ram_type is array (2**r-1 downto 0) of std_logic_vector (w-1 downto 0); signal RAM : ram_type; begin process (clk) begin if (clk'event and clk = '1') then if (en = '1') then do <= RAM(conv_integer(unsigned(addr))); if (we = '1') then RAM(conv_integer(unsigned(addr))) <= di; end if; end if; end if; end process; end behavioral; 45
46 Block RAM Waveforms WRITE_FIRST mode 46
47 Block RAM with synchronous read Write-First Mode - cont'd architecture behavioral of raminfr is type ram_type is array (2**r-1 downto 0) of std_logic_vector (w-1 downto 0); signal RAM : ram_type; begin process (clk) begin if (clk'event and clk = '1') then if (en = '1') then if (we = '1') then RAM(conv_integer(unsigned(addr))) <= di; do <= di; else do <= RAM(conv_integer(unsigned(addr))); end if; end if; end if; end process; end behavioral; 47
48 Block RAM Waveforms NO_CHANGE mode 48
49 Block RAM with synchronous read No-Change Mode - cont'd architecture behavioral of raminfr is type ram_type is array (2**r-1 downto 0) of std_logic_vector (w-1 downto 0); signal RAM : ram_type; begin process (clk) begin if (clk'event and clk = '1') then if (en = '1') then if (we = '1') then RAM(conv_integer(unsigned(addr))) <= di; else do <= RAM(conv_integer(unsigned(addr))); end if; end if; end if; end process; end behavioral; 49
50 Criteria for Implementing Inferred RAM in BRAMs 50
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