Guidelines for the Preparation of Theses and Dissertations

Transcription

1 Guidelines fr the Preparatin f Theses and Dissertatins Fr the Bğaziçi University Institute fr Graduate Studies in Scial Sciences January 2018 FOR NEW! Expanded supprt fr tables and figures in appendices (see Tips dcument T7). 2. NEW! A PDF tutrial: Frmatting the Apprval Page. 3. NEW! A PDF tutrial: Editrial Supprt Radmap. 4. NEW! Flwcharts fr MA and PhD degree prcedures. 5. REMINDER : Apply fr a title and apprval page check befre defending yur thesis (see page 6).

2 Table f Cntents INTRODUCTION... 4 FIRST THINGS FIRST: THE TITLE AND APPROVAL PAGE CHECK... 6 PART 1: EDITING Submissin f the thesis t the editr: requirements Timing Prcedure fr frmat-nly checking: wh des what Prcedure fr frmat+language checking: wh des what... 9 PART 2: PARTS OF A THESIS Frnt matter elements, in the rder in which they must appear Main text Back matter Appendices See Samples dcument S2. Als see Tips dcument T7 fr imprtant infrmatin n rdering appendices References see Samples dcuments S9 and S PART 3: GENERAL FORMATTING Fnts, sizes, and styles Margins Line spacing Centering and paragraph indentatin Paginatin Chapter headings See Samples dcument S4 and Tips dcument T Sub-headings Ftntes Qutatins and in-text citatins Hw t write qutes Why cite surces Citing direct qutes in the text shrt qutes (under 40 wrds) Citing direct qutes in the text lng qutes (40 wrds r mre) Citing paraphrases References See Samples dcuments S9 and S Tables and figures Please see Tips dcument T7 fr imprtant infrmatin n numbering and rdering Frmat and psitining f tables and figures Labeling f tables See Tips dcument T Labeling f figures See Tips dcument T PART 4: PAGE LAYOUT FRONT MATTER Cver page See Samples dcument S Title page See Samples dcument S Apprval page See Samples dcument S3. Als refer t the PDF tutrial: Frmatting the Apprval Page Declaratin f Originality See Frms dcument F Abstracts See Samples dcument S Curriculum vitae (CV) See Samples dcument S Acknwledgments Dedicatin Table f cntents See Samples dcument S

3 4.10 Lists f tables, figures See Samples dcuments S7 and S8. Als see Tips dcument T7 fr imprtant infrmatin n lists f tables and figures PART 5: PAGE LAYOUT MAIN TEXT AND BACK MATTER Main text Back matter Appendices See Samples dcument S Reference list See Samples dcuments S9 and S PART 6: PREPARATION OF BOUND COPIES Paper quality Printer Reprductin Binding PART 7: MECHANICS Numbers Dates URLs: Please unlink all URLs wherever they ccur in the thesis, including the References sectin Capitalizatin Sme punctuatin pints Special terminlgy Using nn-english wrds and phrases Defining wrds with n English equivalent

4 INTRODUCTION Cntents Aim Using the guide This dcument utlines the frmatting requirements fr master's theses and dctral dissertatins in the Institute fr Graduate Studies in Scial Science. Thesis is used here t refer t bth types f dcument. Because the thesis is the culminatin f a student s pursuit f a graduate degree, it shuld reflect the excellence f the student s abilities and knwledge. While cntent is paramunt, the way a paper is presented (the frmatting) and the way it is written (the language use) affect the way thers judge it. Evidence f attentin t accurate presentatin reflects n the seriusness f the degree candidate and the image f the university. Candidates are therefre expected t make every effrt t ensure crrect English and t ensure that the frmatting meets the requirements utlined in this guide. Candidates are advised t read this guide carefully befre starting t write their thesis and t cnsult it as necessary thrughut the prcess. An understanding f the guidelines frm the start will make preparatin fr the final submissin easier and will help avid graduatin delays wing t nn-cmpliance. Supplementary dcuments (frms, sample pages, tips, and field-specific infrmatin) are referenced at relevant places thrughut this dcument. Please make full use f these resurces. WARNING D NOT use previus theses as mdels fr frmatting; these may nt reflect the Institute standards. Cmpliance Editrial supprt All theses submitted t the Institute fr apprval are examined fr cmpliance with frmatting requirements. Nn-cmpliant theses will nt be apprved fr graduatin. The Institute ffers editrial supprt fr bth frmat and language. The editr s rle is t pint ut areas that need changing; it is the respnsibility f the student t ensure that necessary changes are implemented. This service is ffered withut charge t students registered at the Institute. Level f editrial supprt: A frmat check is required n all theses. Language editing is ptinal. Specify t the editr yur desired level f supprt. Please see the Nte bx at 1.1. a) Frmat nly. b) Frmat + language. 4

5 LANGUAGE EDITING: WHAT THE EDITOR DOES/DOESN T DO THE SPECIFICS The aim f thesis editing at SBE is t make the cntent readable. The cntent and cherence f the thesis is the respnsibility f the student, in cllabratin with the thesis advisr. a. It is understd that, when a student requests language editing, the thesis advisr has read and generally apprved the cntent and flw f the thesis dcument. b. The editr will make n change t cntent r rganizatin. Hwever, ccasinally she may make a recmmendatin with respect t these areas. The editr will make recmmendatins with regard t basic grammar and usage. a. In cases where wrd chice, grammar, syntax, r cnsistency is a prblem r where an argument is unclear, the editr may query a particular pint r make a cmment rather than crrect, rewrite, r restructure the text. b. The student may need t seek assistance frm the thesis advisr t reslve such issues. Editing is intended t imprve the text in relative prprtin. a. Relative prprtin means that faulty grammar r expressin will be crrected nly t a degree that is prprtinal t the riginal level f the text. b. The level f editing fr theses at the SBE is nt intended t prepare a student s wrk fr publicatin. This requires a different level f editing altgether. The editr may be unable t accmmdate requests fr language editing in peak perids (usually May thrugh August). 5

6 FIRST THINGS FIRST: THE TITLE AND APPROVAL PAGE CHECK NOTE: TITLE AND APPROVAL PAGE FORMAT CHECK Prir t yur defense (and thus befre yur cmmittee members sign the Apprval page), please yur FORMATTED * Apprval page t the editr (sbe.editr@bun.edu.tr) fr checking. Nte that it is the student wh is respnsible fr frmatting, nt the editr. The title will be checked fr cmprehensibility, cherence, grammaticality, crrect punctuatin, and suitable parsing. The page will be checked fr crrect frmatting, including margins and line spacing. The reasn: This prcedure will avid yur having t make revisins after yur cmmittee has signed it and then having t secure replacement signatures. Sending: Please attach yur frmatted Apprval page t an with the subject line as fllws: Title check [yur name] * SEE THE PDF TUTORIAL FORMATTING THE APPROVAL PAGE PART 1: EDITING NEW: PDF tutrial available: Editrial Supprt Radmap 1.1 Submissin f the thesis t the editr: requirements In preparing yur final versin, please refer t the Tips dcument T2. Theses that d nt meet the fllwing requirements will nt be accepted fr prcessing. Requirement 1: The thesis must be cmplete, including all frnt and back matter. Requirement 2: Frmatting must cnfrm t the standards f the Institute. Requirement 3: An nline spelling and grammar check must have been run n the thesis dcument and necessary crrectins made. a. Use Micrsft Wrd s spelling and grammar check tl. b. Tip: Make sure that yu have set the language fr yur dcument as English befre using the tl. It will nt perfrm prperly therwise. Requirement 4: The final dcument is t be sent in bth Wrd and PDF frmat t sbe.editr@bun.edu.tr (Ecnmics students are referred t Field-specific dcument FS1.) Nte: The cmplete thesis must be presented in a single PDF dcument and the single Wrd dcument frm which the PDF was generated. D nt send any sectins f yur thesis as a separate dcument. Requirement 5 (fr language checking): A permissin-fr-language-editing frm cmpleted by the candidate s advisr must be ed by the advisr t the editr at the address abve. Language checking will be started nly when this frm has been received by the editr. Please see Frms dcument F2. Frmat-nly checking requires n permissin. 6

7 NOTE: SENDING THE THESIS TO THE EDITOR In the subject line f the , candidates shuld include their name and the level f supprt desired. Example 1: request fr editing alex brwn frmat nly Example 2: request fr editing mary smith frmat + language 1.2 Timing Theses are prcessed in the rder in which they are received. Hw lng des it take? Students may need t allw up t 3-4 weeks fr prcessing; this can vary depending n the vlume f incming theses at any given time. Other factrs that enter int the equatin: Extent: All ther factrs being equal, it takes mre time t check a 200-page thesis than ne with 100 pages. Language: A thesis with gd English takes less time t edit that ne that requires a lt f crrectins. Frmat cmpliance: Theses that are prperly frmatted take less time t check than thse that are nt. Befre r after defending? Students nrmally submit their thesis after the defense. Any decisin t have the thesis checked befre the defense shuld be made in cnsultatin with the advisr. Please cnsider the fllwing if yu are cnsidering submitting yur thesis prir t defending: Smetimes cntent revisins are required by the thesis cmmittee at the defense. A thesis will be edited nly nce, s a thesis that has been edited befre the defense will nt be eligible fr re-editing after the cmmittee s required revisins are made. Pre-defense editing is generally recmmended nly if there is a certain level f assurance that the cmmittee will nt require revisins that wuld impact the frmat r the text itself. 1.3 Prcedure fr frmat-nly checking: wh des what 1. Preliminaries (Please refer t Tips dcument T2.) a. Spelling check: The editr/editrial assistant verifies that an nline spelling check has been cnducted. b. Basic frmat check: The editr/editrial assistant verifies that the thesis is essentially in line with the frmat requirements f the Institute. WARNING: Theses that fail t meet these basic requirements will nt be accepted fr prcessing (see sectin 1.1) and the thesis may lse its place in the queue. 2. The editr checks the frmat and sends a reprt t the student that utlines issues that need addressing. Nte that the editr is nt respnsible fr frmatting the thesis; this respnsibility lies with the student. 7

8 3. The student implements all revisins and re-checks the frmatting and page breaks thrughut the paper. Nte that even the slightest change in text can affect page breaks. a. Check again t be sure there are n rphans r widws. Widws and rphans are single lines f text at the tp r bttm f a page. i. "Widw" is defined as the last line f a paragraph when it is carried ver t the tp f the fllwing page, away frm the rest f the paragraph. Starting a page with the last line f a list is als a widw and must be avided. ii. "Orphan" is defined as the first line f a paragraph when it appears alne at the bttm f the page. Ending a page with a subheading is anther type f rphan and must be avided. b. Check the page numbers in the table f cntents again t be sure that these agree with the page numbers in the text. 4. In preparing yur thesis fr submissin t the Institute, please see Tips dcument T6. 8

9 1.4 Prcedure fr frmat+language checking: wh des what 1. Preliminaries (Please refer t Tips dcument T2.) a. Spelling check: The editr/editrial assistant verifies that an nline spelling check has been cnducted. b. Basic frmat check: The editr/editrial assistant verifies that the thesis is essentially in line with the frmat requirements f the Institute. Theses that fail t meet these basic requirements will nt be accepted fr prcessing (see sectin 1.1) and the thesis may lse its place in the queue. 2. The editr first checks the frmat and then checks the thesis t identify language issues. 3. The editr sends a list f frmatting issues t the student, alng with the edited Wrd dcument. Wrd s track changes tl is used s that students can readily see the details f the edits. 4. The student makes crrectins. It is best t deal with language issues first, befre adjusting the frmat. a. Language: Examine each text change made by the editr t ensure the intended meaning has nt been affected. Address the editr s questins and suggestins. b. Frmat: Make all frmat crrectins. D this after the text has been finalized. Nte: The list f frmatting issues supplied by the editr will serve as the basis fr the frmat check n the hard cpy that is turned in t the Institute. It is therefre essential t implement all crrectins, nt just sme f them. Failure t d s can delay graduatin. 5. The student re-checks the frmatting and page breaks thrughut the paper. Nte that even the slightest change in text can affect page breaks. a. Check again t be sure there are n rphans r widws. Widws and rphans are single lines f text at the tp r bttm f a page. i. "Widw" is defined as the last line f a paragraph when it is carried ver t the tp f the fllwing page, away frm the rest f the paragraph. Starting a page with the last line f a list is als a widw and must be avided. ii. "Orphan" is defined as the first line f a paragraph when it appears alne at the bttm f the page. Ending a page with a subheading is anther type f rphan and must be avided. b. Check the page numbers in the table f cntents again t be sure that these agree with the page numbers in the text. 6. In preparing yur thesis fr submissin t the Institute, please see Tips dcument T6. 9

10 PART 2: PARTS OF A THESIS A thesis can be viewed as having three principal sectins: Frnt matter: includes such elements as the cver page, the title page, abstracts, table f cntents, lists f tables and figures (see the list in 2.1). Main text: the bdy f the thesis, including all chapters, starting with chapter 1 Back matter: includes appendices and references 2.1 Frnt matter elements, in the rder in which they must appear 1 Cver page Required 2 Title page * Required 3 Apprval page Required 4 Declaratin f riginality Required 5 English abstract Required 6 Turkish abstract (Özet) Required 7 Curriculum vitae (CV) PhD candidates nly 8 Acknwledgments Optinal 9 Dedicatin Optinal 10 Table f cntents Required 11 List f tables Only if 5 r mre tables in the thesis 12 List f figures Only if 5 r mre figures in the thesis 13 List f abbreviatins Only if 5 r mre abbreviatins in the thesis 14 Glssary f nn-english terms If necessary 15 Ntes n spelling and transliteratin If necessary 16 Chrnlgy If necessary 17 Preface Optinal * Turkish Language and Literature students please see Field-specific dcument FS Main text The main text cnsists f all chapters f the thesis. The first chapter is ften (but nt necessarily) entitled Intrductin, and finishes with the final chapter, ften entitled Cnclusin. 2.3 Back matter Back matter includes appendices, if any, and the list f references. 10

11 2.3.1 Appendices See Samples dcument S2. Als see Tips dcument T7 fr imprtant infrmatin n rdering appendices. Appendices are used fr materials that supprt the main text, including data sheets r tables that are t big t put in the main text, riginal passages f translated text used in the main text, maps, technical figures, interview transcripts, scans f riginal dcuments and s n. Each appendix starts n a new page and is designated with a letter befre the title (e.g. Appendix A: Sample questinnaire items). See Part fr frmat. If there is nly ne appendix, a letter designatin is nt used. Simply Appendix is sufficient. Each appendix must be referred t in the main text. Imprtant: In the case f mre than ne appendix, the mentins must be in alphabetical rder: Appendix A must be mentined befre Appendix B, which must be mentined befre Appendix C, and s n. This means that the appendices themselves must be arranged accrding t the rder in which they are mentined in the text. (Hint: Order yur appendices after yu have finalized the main text, nt befre.) Please see Tips dcument T References see Samples dcuments S9 and S10. All surces cited in yur thesis dcument, whether print r electrnic, must appear in the References sectin. By the same tken, all entries in the References sectin must reflect a citatin in the text. IMPORTANT: Accuracy and cnsistency Accuracy and cnsistency are keys t a prper References sectin. Please d nt assume that because the References are at the end f yur thesis, they are unimprtant. The required style guide fr references and in-text citatins is the APA 6 th editin. (Histry students please refer t Field-specific dcument FS2.) The page heading References shuld appear at the tp f the page, centered, and all in capitals. Order: Entries must be listed in alphabetical rder accrding t the surname f the first authr. If there is n authr, the first wrd f the title is used fr rdering (withut reference t the wrds a, an, r the at the beginning f the title). Spacing: Individual entries are t be single-spaced, with the secnd and subsequent lines indented, using a hanging indent. Duble-space between entries. Please d nt indent manually by repeatedly pressing the space bar. Resurces, examples, and tls The BU library has multiple cpies f the APA 6th editin. Yur department may als have a cpy. Numerus nline resurces are available. A reliable easy-t-use site is If yu prefer a list, try Type yur questin r keywrds in the search bx. Try this, fr example: references legal dcuments and see the results. Wrd s Bibligraphy tl can be useful, but yu have t enter yur data crrectly fr it t wrk prperly. Yu then need t check the entries and frmat the hanging indents, and s n. The tl is nt perfect, but it can help yu get the basics right. 11

12 PART 3: GENERAL FORMATTING 3.1. Fnts, sizes, and styles Fnt: Use Times r Times New Rman size 12 thrughut the thesis, with the exceptins listed belw. The cntent f tables and figures may be smaller than size 12, but it must be at least size 8. Super- r sub-scripts indicating ftntes must be at least size 8. Default settings will match the fnt size. The text f ftntes is t be size 10. D nt use bld r underlining anywhere in the thesis. Italics shuld be used judiciusly, and in line with the APA guidelines. See Tips dcument T1. CAPITALIZATION shuld nt be used fr emphasis r t create de fact sub-headings. 3.2 Margins Tip: Set yur margins as the first step f frmatting yur thesis. Margins f all pages, including frnt and back matter, shuld be as fllws: Left margin: 4 cm Right, tp, and bttm margins: 2.5 cm All elements f the thesis must all be within the margins, including pages with charts, graphs, tables, and drawings. Pages in landscape rientatin shuld have the tp margin at 4cm, as this will becme the left margin when the page is bund. Yur basic margin settings shuld lk smething like this. Nte that different versins f Wrd will have a different interface, but these are the settings yu need t use. 12

13 3.3 Line spacing The bdy f the thesis must be duble-spaced, with the exceptin f ftntes, entries in the reference list, and blck qutatins, all f which are single-spaced. Alignment: Text shuld generally be aligned left, nt justified. This helps avid awkward gaps between wrds. Yur basic line spacing settings shuld lk smething like this. Nte that different versins f Wrd will have a different interface, but these are the settings yu shuld use. 3.4 Centering and paragraph indentatin Centering Centering shuld be applied t text that has nt been indented. First ensure that the text t be centered is aligned with the left margin. Applying center t indented text results in faulty centering. D nt center manually by repeatedly hitting the space bar r tab key. Use the Wrd tl fr centering. Indenting paragraphs Paragraphs must be unifrmly indented, apprximately cm (Micrsft Wrd uses 1.27cm as the default value.) D nt indent manually by repeatedly hitting the space bar. Use the Wrd tl fr centering. Exceptins: D nt indent the first paragraph f a chapter, the first paragraph f a chapter sub-sectin, and the cntinuatin f an existing paragraph immediately fllwing a blck qute, table r figure. 13

14 3.5 Paginatin Lcatin: All page numbers are t be psitined at the bttm f the page, centered. Fnt: The fnt shuld be Times New Rman size 12. Numerals: Use Rman numerals fr the frnt matter, Arabic numerals fr the main text. Frnt matter Main text The cver page is nt cunted as a page in the cntext f the thesis. Paginatin starts with the title page and cntinues t the last page f the thesis. The title page is cunted in the paginatin, but its page number is hidden, that is, it des nt appear n the page. See the table at the beginning f Part 4 fr mre details. The frnt matter is paginated in lwer-case Rman numerals (e.g. i, ii, iii... ). Remember that page i is the title page (nt the cver page). The number n the title page is hidden. Back matter The main text pages and back matter pages are numbered using Arabic numerals, (e.g. 1, 2, 3...), starting with 1. The first page f the first chapter is page 1. All pages are numbered cnsecutively t the end f the manuscript, including appendices and references. D nt use suffixes n page numbers (e.g. 25a, 25b). Paginatin f the back matter is a cntinuatin f the paginatin f the main text. Like the main text, the back matter paginatin requires Arabic numerals. 3.6 Chapter headings See Samples dcument S4 and Tips dcument T9. The main text f the thesis is nrmally divided int chapters. First and last chapters may be (but are nt necessarily) entitled Intrductin and Cnclusin. Other chapter titles may be acceptable, depending n the nature f the thesis. Each chapter must begin n a new page. Chapters are t be designated with a number in Arabic numerals (e.g. write Chapter 4, nt Chapter IV), fllwed by the title f the chapter n the next line. Chapter headings are t be centered at the tp f the page and be all in capital letters. If the title f the thesis is lnger than a single line, the secnd and subsequent line/s shuld be parsed in such a way that maintains thught grups. It there is a sub-title, indicated by a cln (:), it is ften suitable t start a new line with the sub-title. Multiple lines f a chapter title r appendix title are duble-spaced. Fr example: CHAPTER 3 TWIN-CONSTRAINED HAMILTONIAN THRESHOLD GRAPHS: A POTENTIAL SOLUTION TO THE MINIMUM SCORE SEPARATION PROBLEM Put tw duble-spaces after the chapter title t start the first paragraph f the chapter. If yur settings are fr duble-spacing, yu will hit enter twice at the end f the title. 14

15 3.7 Sub-headings Sub-headings are t be numbered, as shwn belw. Als see Tips dcument T5 and Tips dcument T First-level sub-heading Secnd-level sub-heading Third-level sub-heading Hw many levels? Althugh there is n strict regulatin, it is best t avid using subheadings beynd the third level. Spaces: After each number designatin, put tw hrizntal spaces befre the text f the sub-heading starts. Fr example, in the first level sub-heading, 4.1, there are tw spaces between the number and the first wrd f the sub-heading. Please refer t Samples dcument S4. Perids: Put n perid after the final digit f the number. Put n perid at the end f a subheading. Alignment: Chapter sub-headings are all t be aligned with the left margin, nt indented r centered. Capitalizatin Sub-headings use sentence-case case (i.e. nly the first wrd and prper nuns are capitalized). If there is a sub-title, the first wrd f the sub-title is capitalized. Example: Warner s mass public subject: Identificatin r alienatin? Stray sub-headings There must be at least tw sub-headings at any given level, based n the principle that yu cannt have an A withut a B, r a 1 withut a 2. Fr example, in chapter 4, if yu have a 4.1 sub-heading, yu must have a 4.2 sub-heading. If there is nly ne secnd-level heading under a given first-level heading, incrprate it int the text. Alternatively, if subdivisin is really called fr, create anther secnd-level heading. 15

16 3.8 Ftntes Numbering: Ftntes are t be signaled in the text by an Arabic number placed as superscript t the text. Numbering must be cnsecutive thrughut the main text, nt chapter by chapter. Wrd s insert ftnte tl is recmmended. Psitin: Ftnte numbers shuld generally be placed at the end f a sentence r at the end f a clause. They nrmally fllw any punctuatin mark (except fr the dash, which it precedes). Size and spacing: Ftntes are t be single-spaced and in Times New Rman size 10. Alignment: Ftntes shuld nt be justified. They shuld be aligned with the left margin. 3.9 Qutatins and in-text citatins Hw t write qutes General Ensure that each qute appears exactly as it appears in the surce. This includes the wrding, spelling, capitalizatin, and internal punctuatin (except that single qutatin marks may be changed t duble, and duble t single, as the situatin requires). Any idisyncrasy f spelling shuld be kept. Use [sic] immediately fllwing any spelling mistake r misuse f wrd in the riginal, t shw that yu are aware f the deviatin and that yu are indeed reprducing the riginal frm. If yu need t add emphasis in a qutatin, use italics, and then insert "[emphasis added]" after the particular wrd r phrase yur have italicized fr emphasis. Omitting wrds within a qute Additins t a qute If yu wish t remve wrds r phrases within a qutatin that yu think are irrelevant t yur argument, replace them with ellipses, a set f three spaced perids. There is a space befre and after each perid in ellipses. Example: Identifying categries f culture... will help us understand hw t manage the cultural differences in internatinal business. Any additin yu make t the riginal text (e.g. punctuatin, wrds, phrases) shuld be put in square brackets [ ]. Example: Identifying categries f [the lcal] culture... will help us understand hw t manage the cultural differences in internatinal business. Ensure that the grammar f yur qutatin is cnsistent with the grammar f yur wn sentence. This culd mean changing a capital letter t lwer case r changing the frm f a verb, fr example. When yu make such a change, use [square brackets] t indicate that yu have mdified the qute. 16

17 Translated qutes Qutatins must appear in English in the main text. If it is a simple term, the riginal language term can be included in parentheses. Shrt qutes (fewer than 40 wrds) may have the riginal-language text in a ftnte. Alternatively, these may be included in an appendix. Qutes f 40+ wrds generally have the riginal-language text presented in an appendix. See fr mre infrmatin n qutatin placement and details f translated qutes Why cite surces Dcumenting surces f infrmatin is imprtant fr several reasns. First f all, academic wrk nrmally builds upn previusly published research and ther resurces. Academic researchers make reference t thers theries, frmulatins, arguments and empirical data. Readers must be able t lcate riginal surces f infrmatin in rder t judge r cnfirm yur wrk independently. In additin, it is necessary t establish what is yur wn and what cmes frm thers. If yu fail t cite yur surces, yu may be accused f plagiarism, which is a frm f stealing and is therefre cnsidered a serius ffense. It is thus imprtant t acknwledge ther authrs cntributins, bth frm an ethical standpint as well as frm an academic ne. By signing the Declaratin f Originality, yu are certifying that yu have indeed cmplied with ethical and academic standards. Please nte that all theses are run thrugh a plagiarism detectin prgram Citing direct qutes in the text shrt qutes (under 40 wrds) Nte the psitin f the authr s name and the page number. Pay attentin t crrect punctuatin, including the psitin f qutatin marks, perids, and cmmas. Example A authr is named in a signal phrase: Accrding t Brwn (2010), Students ften underestimate the imprtance f accurate citatin f their surces (p. 203). Example B authr is nt named in a signal phrase: One study reprted that "students ften underestimate the imprtance f accurate citatin f their surces" (Brwn, 2010, p. 203) Citing direct qutes in the text lng qutes (40 wrds r mre) Place lng direct qutatins in a free-standing blck, single-spaced. Use n qutatin marks, unless these are part f the qute itself. (See example n the next page.) Start the qutatin n a new line, indented t the same place yu wuld begin a new paragraph. The first line f the qute is nt indented further. The citatin shuld cme after the clsing punctuatin mark f the qute. N perid is used after the clsing parentheses cntaining the page number. 17

18 Example Brwn s (2010) study reprts the fllwing: Citing paraphrases Students ften have difficulty frmatting their thesis. This difficulty culd feasibly be attributed t the fact that they have nt read the guidelines carefully. Sme students, hwever, may have been under the misguided assumptin that frmatting is nt imprtant. (pp ) Page numbers are nt required fr paraphrases, but they are encuraged when available. Fr mre than ne authr and fr subsequent citatins, please see the Tips dcument T3. Example Brwn (2010) pints ut that inexperienced writers ften find paraphrasing particularly difficult. Fr this reasn, then tend t rely n t many direct qutes, which can detract frm the credibility f the authr References See Samples dcuments S9 and S10. References are t fllw the frmatting rules f the APA style guide. (Students in Histry, please refer t Field-specific dcument FS2.) Start a new page fr the list f references. Page heading: The wrd References must appear as the page heading, all in capital letters at the tp f the page, centered. Spacing Tw duble-spaces shuld separate the page heading frm the first entry (as with the chapter headings). Individual entries are single-spaced, with a duble space between entries. Indent the secnd and subsequent lines f each entry. Use a hanging indent fr ease f frmatting. [Ggle hw t create hanging indent fr yur versin f Wrd. D nt indent manually by using the tab r by pressing the spacebar multiple times. This will nly cause prblems when/if yu need t revise r crrect.] 3.11 Tables and figures Please see Tips dcument T7 fr imprtant infrmatin n numbering and rdering. What t include and exclude Only include tables and illustratins (diagrams, maps, tables r ther images) that are NECESSARY t yur argument. D nt put images in yur thesis fr decratin r t lengthen yur thesis: images shuld cntribute smething t yur discussin and analysis. 18

19 Designatin All illustrative (i.e. nn-cntinuus text) items must be designated either as a table r a figure. N ther labels such as images r dcuments r maps are acceptable. A figure is defined as a chart, drawing, graph, map, phtgraph r any ther image. (These wrds are nt acceptable as labels, hwever.) Tables have titles; figures have captins. The titles and captins must clearly identify the cntents f the table r figure. Each table and figure must be intelligible n its wn, that is, withut the reader having t refer t the text. NEW: Figures and tables in the text that are clred must als be in clr in the printed and bund cpy that yu turn in t the SBE. Numbering Mentins in the text Each table and each figure must be numbered cnsecutively with Arabic numerals, starting with 1 and cntinuing in whle numbers thrugh the text, reflecting the rder in which they are mentined in the text. The number series fr figures is separate frm the number series fr tables, i.e. the first table is Table 1; the first figure is Figure 1. All tables and figures must be referred t in the text befre they are displayed, using their table number r figure number (e.g.... as shwn in Table 8, the respnses were prvided by children with pre-training... ). D nt refer t them using nly phrases such as the fllwing table r the figure belw, r the table n page 32. A table r figure shuld be placed as sn as pssible after its first mentin in the main text, but nt necessarily directly after it. (If a table r figure des nt fit n the page where it is mentined, put in n the text page. But d nt leave a wide gap n the page where it is mentined; cntinue yur text n that page.) Surces: If the infrmatin in tables r figures is nt the prduct f the student s wn riginal wrk, the surce must be cited. Fr figures, indicate the surce beneath the captin, e.g. Surce: [name f the surce, date f the surce] Fr tables, indicate the surce beneath the table. Ntes: A brief nte abut a table r figure, r explanatins f abbreviatins (with the exceptin f the standard statistical symbls and abbreviatins) can appear in a nte immediately belw the table r figure. Clumns: A table, by definitin, has mre than ne clumn. Simply using Wrd s table tl des nt mean that what yu create can be called a table. Cntinuus text in individual cells shuld generally nt be centered. Line spacing: Text in the table can be either single-spaced r duble-spaced. Size: If a table is t big t fit n a single page, it shuld be placed in an appendix. See Tips dcument T7 fr further infrmatin. 19

20 Frmat and psitining f tables and figures Margins: Pages with tables and figures must meet the same margin and paginatin requirements as the general text. They must nt extend int the margins. Nte that when using a landscape rientatin, the tp margin f the landscape page shuld be 4cm (with the ther margins at 2.5cm). This accunts fr the fact that, when the page in landscape rientatin is printed and bund, the tp will becme the left margin. Psitin: Tables and figures shuld appear as sn as pssible after their first mentin in the text, but nt necessarily directly after it. (Smetimes as sn as pssible is immediately after the mentin; smetimes it is n the next page.) Spacing Fnt A table r figure in the main text must be cmplete n the page where it starts. If a table des nt fit n the page where it is intrduced in the text, it shuld be placed n the next page r in an appendix. Nte: In case there is nt enugh space n page X fr the entire table but it will fit n the next page, d nt leave a big gap n the page where it wuld rdinarily have started; use that space t the cntinue the text. If an image has been scanned, be sure any text n it is large enugh t be readable. Landscape rientatin may be used, but nly if abslutely necessary. Wide tables r figures in landscape rientatin must be placed n a separate page r in an appendix. A table which is placed in the main text must have ne duble-space befre the title f the table and a duble-space after the table. A figure which is placed in the main text must have ne duble-space befre the figure and a duble-space after the captin. If a table title r a figure captin is lnger than ne line, it shuld be single-spaced. Use Times New Rman. The size may be reduced frm size 12 t make a table fit n the page. D nt use less than size 8. The fnt size used in tables shuld be cnsistent thrughut the thesis unless there is a cmpelling reasn t d therwise. That is, if yu use size 10 fr Table 1, fr example, yu shuld als use size 10 fr all the ther tables Labeling f tables See Tips dcument T4. Each table must be identified using an Arabic numeral (fr example: Table 3), fllwed by a title that describes the cntents f the table. Titles must appear immediately abve the table, aligned t the left. Put a perid (nt a cln) after the table number. There are tw spaces after the table number, befre the title begins. There is n perid at the end f the title. Table titles must use title case. Please refer t Tips dcument T8 fr details. Example Table 4. Mean Perfrmance Scres f Students with Different Majrs 20

21 Labeling f figures See Tips dcument T4. Each figure must be numbered with Arabic numerals and captined. Captins appear immediately belw the figure. Captins serve as a title fr the figure, s figures shuld nt have a separate title. There are tw spaces after the figure number, befre the captin begins. There is a perid after the figure number, but nne at the end f the captin. Use sentence case. Please refer t Tips dcument T8 fr details. Example Fig. 2 Entrance exam scres f Bğaziçi University students in

22 PART 4: PAGE LAYOUT FRONT MATTER Begin a new page fr each element f the frnt matter (see belw). Each will have its wn descriptive heading at the tp f the page (page heading), all capitalized, and centered. Fnt size is the standard size 12. Paginatin is in lwer-case Rman numerals in the frnt matter. Page headings and paginatin shuld be as fllws: Page rder * Page heading Page n. Cver page R Title page R (hidden) Apprval page R (hidden) Declaratin f riginality R DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY (hidden) English abstract R ABSTRACT iv Turkish abstract R ÖZET v Curriculum vitae (CV) (PhD) CURRICULUM VITAE vi Acknwledgments ACKNOWLEDGMENTS vii Dedicatin DEDICATION (This heading is ptinal.) Table f cntents R TABLE OF CONTENTS ix List f tables LIST OF TABLES x List f figures LIST OF FIGURES xi List f abbreviatins ABBREVIATIONS xii Glssary f nn-english terms GLOSSARY xiii 15 Ntes n spelling and NOTES ON SPELLING AND xiv transliteratin TRANSLITERATION 16 Chrnlgy CHRONOLOGY xv 17 Preface PREFACE xvi viii *R = required. Als see Part

23 4.1 Cver page See Samples dcument S5. Capitalizatin: All text n the cver page must be in capital letters. Fnt: Times New Rman size 12. Title line spacing: If a title is mre than a single line lng, use duble-spacing. Layut: The sample page (S5) shws cntent, vertical spacing and layut. Each element n the page must be centered hrizntally. Name: Candidates must use their full legal name as it appears at the registrar s ffice. Date: The date n the cver page is the year the degree is t be cnferred, nrmally the year f defense. 4.2 Title page See Samples dcument S12. Capitalizatin: Use all capital letters nly fr the thesis title. Degree: The degree designatin shuld read Master f Arts fr MA candidates and Dctr f Philsphy fr PhD candidates. Layut: Each element n the title page must be centered hrizntally. Please refer t the sample page (S12) fr cntent and layut. Name: Candidates must use their full legal name as it appears at the registrar s ffice. Date: The date shwn n the title page is the mnth and year the degree is cnferred. Turkish Language and Literature students please see Field-specific dcument FS Apprval page See Samples dcument S3. Als refer t the PDF tutrial: Frmatting the Apprval Page. NOTE A scanned versin (PDF) f the riginal signed Apprval page must be included in the digital cpy f the thesis that is turned in t the Institute with the printed and bund cpy f the thesis. Title and apprval page check: Please see details in the Nte bx n page 6 f this dcument. Signatures: Cmmittee members names, fllwed by lines fr signatures n the same line, are listed in a single clumn, with the thesis advisr s name at the tp f the list. (In the event there is a c-advisr, that persn s name will appear immediately under the name f the advisr, designated C-Advisr. Otherwise, prceed with the rder utlined belw.) Cmmittee member rder/gruping/designatins 1. Thesis Advisr (with this designatin) 2. Thesis C-Advisr (if any use this designatin) 3. Internal Members (n special designatin) 4. External Members (using this designatin) D nt name the university. 23

24 Order f names within a grup List the names f internal members first in rder f academic rank, and then in alphabetical rder accrding t surname. List the names f external members first in rder f academic rank, and then in alphabetical rder accrding t surname. Titles: The prfessinal titles f cmmittee members are t be designated as shwn in the fllwing examples: Prf. Jhn Smith (nt Prf. Dr. Jhn Smith) Assc. Prf. Mary Brwn (nt Assc. Prf. Dr. Mary Brwn) Assist. Prf. Alex Miller (nt Assist. Prf. Dr. Alex Miller) Capitalize nly the first letter f the entire surname (e.g. Lindsay Taylr, nt Lindsay TAYLOR). Make sure t put a space after each perid, e.g. after each Prf., Assc., Assist. Date: The date at the bttm f the page is the mnth and year f the thesis defense. Page layut: Please refer t the Samples dcument S3 fr the page layut. Margins: Be sure t set the margins and the line spacing befre yu start. Ensure there are n indents (right r left) in the settings. Signatures: Please have the cmmittee sign the apprval page in blue ink. This must be ıslak imza, nt an electrnic signature. NEW: Signatures shuld be in blue ink, s please ensure that yu have blue pens at hand at yur defense. 24

25 4.4 Declaratin f Originality See Frms dcument F1. All theses must include a signed Declaratin f Originality frm, by which students affirm that the wrk presented in the thesis is indeed their wn and that they have dcumented external surces. Please dwnlad the template, fill in the details, and then print and sign the dcument in blue ink. Insert the riginal signed dcument int the Wrd dcument in the crrect psitin prir t binding. NOTE Digital thesis cpy: A scanned versin f the riginal signed Declaratin f Originality must be included in digital cpy (PDF) f the thesis that yu submit t the Institute with yur hard cpy. 4.5 Abstracts See Samples dcument S1. An abstract is a cncise summary f the thesis, intended t infrm prspective readers abut its cntent. It usually includes a brief descriptin f the research (what yu did), the prcedures r methds (hw yu did it), and the results r cnclusins (what yu fund ut). An abstract shuld nt include sub-headings r ftntes; citatins are generally nt used. Tw abstracts are required ne in English, with a maximum f 250 wrds, and an equivalent ne in Turkish. The Turkish abstract ( Özet ) must reflect the cntent and apprximate length f the English abstract. Headings: The abstract page headings are t be Abstract and Özet (nt Thesis Abstract r Tez Özeti), centered at the tp f the page, all capitalized. Thesis title The page heading is t be fllwed by the title f the thesis, als centered, using title case. As with the chapter headings, ne duble-space separates the heading and the title. Tw duble-spaces ccur between the heading and the first line f the abstract. Please refer t the sample page. The text f the abstract is t be duble-spaced. Nrmally it will cnsist f a single paragraph, nt indented, with text aligned t the left margin (i.e. nt justified). In the event it cnsists f mre than a single paragraph, the secnd and subsequent paragraphs are indented. 4.6 Curriculum vitae (CV) See Samples dcument S6. Required f PhD candidates nly, the CV is a summary f the candidate s academic career, nt an autbigraphy. It shuld include the fllwing: Candidate s name as it appears at the registrar s ffice. Degrees awarded, including the ne yu are abut t receive, listed in reverse chrnlgical rder. Include the name f the awarding university. Areas f special interest r expertise. Any relevant prfessinal experience. Awards and hnrs, if any. Grants and schlarships, if any. Publicatins: A Master s thesis is cnsidered a publicatin fr the purpses f this CV. 25

26 4.7 Acknwledgments An acknwledgments page can be used t recgnize thse wh have prvided special guidance r supprt during yur research. Be sure t acknwledge all rganizatins that have prvided financial supprt. Acknwledgments shuld be expressed simply, preferably n a single page, duble-spaced. 4.8 Dedicatin A dedicatin page is a shrt tribute t a special persn r grup. Many students use the heading DEDICATION, but a page heading is ptinal. See the table at the beginning f Part 4. Italics may be used fr the dedicatin statement, if desired. 4.9 Table f cntents See Samples dcument S11. Table f Cntents must appear as the page heading, centered, and all in capital letters. Starting with the first chapter, all chapters f the main text and all sectins f the back matter (references and any appendices) are included in the table f cntents. What t include: Only main headings (e.g. chapter headings, appendices, references, etc.) and first-level chapter sub-headings shuld be shwn in the table f cntents. All elements must appear exactly as they appear in the main text. Page numbers in the table f cntents must reflect the actual pages in the text and must be precisely aligned with the right margin. Micrsft Wrd has a table f cntents tl that paginates crrectly and aligns the page numbers prperly Lists f tables, figures See Samples dcuments S7 and S8. Als see Tips dcument T7 fr imprtant infrmatin n lists f tables and figures. Lists f tables and figures are t be included in the frnt matter nly if the thesis cntains 5 r mre tables r 5 r mre figures. Create a separate page fr each list: tables, figures. The phrase List f Tables (r List f Figures ) must appear as the page heading, all in capital letters, centered. List the table r figure numbers, their title r captin, and the page number where each ccurs in the text. Align all page numbers t the right, with dtted lines extending frm the end f the last wrd t the page number. 26

27 PART 5: PAGE LAYOUT MAIN TEXT AND BACK MATTER 5.1 Main text Paginatin: The first chapter starts n the first page f the main text. The first page f the first chapter is page 1, written in Arabic numerals. New page: Each chapter begins n a new page, with the chapter designatin (e.g. Chapter 3) and the chapter title all in capital letters, centered. The designatin and the title are n separate lines. Please see sectin 3.6 f this dcument and Samples dcument S4. Spacing: Put tw duble-spaces between the chapter title and the first paragraph f the chapter. (See the Sample dcument S4.) Indentatin: The first paragraph f a chapter r a sub-sectin is nt indented. Subsequent paragraphs received standard indentatin. Lists: Items in a paragraph that are listed withut headings may, fr clarity, be designated by bullets such as, r indicated by lwer-case Rman numerals in cases where the rder is significant Placement f qutatins: Where yu psitin a qutatin in the text depends n its length. Shrt qutatins (under 40 wrds) shuld appear in the nrmal flw f the text, enclsed in duble qutatin marks. Use single qutatin marks t set ff material that was enclsed in qutatin marks in the riginal surce. Lnger qutatins: A qute f 40 wrds r mre is set in a freestanding blck f text, withut qutatin marks. Duble-space befre starting the blck qutatin n a new line, and indent the entire blck frm the left margin. If the blck qutatin cntains mre than ne paragraph, indent the first line f the secnd and any subsequent paragraphs. Please refer t the example in sectin f this dcument Translated qutes Translate int English qutes frm ther languages. (Linguistics students please see Fieldspecific dcument FS3.) Example: Accrding t Dag Østerberg (1996), many f ur actins invlve changing the materials which surrund us: building rads, huses, equipment, signs, weapns, etc. (p. 136, wn translatin) Any qute f 40 r mre wrds (lng qute) that has been translated int English must have the text in its riginal language text presented in an appendix, nt in the main text r a ftnte. Linguistics students please see Field-specific dcument F2. When an appendix cnsists f a series f lng qutes, it is recmmended that, fr ease f reference, each shuld be labeled with a number in the rder in which they appear in the text. The text reference might read like this: (see Appendix B, 12). 27

28 5.2 Back matter Back matter includes appendices, if any, and the list f references Appendices See Samples dcument S2. Detailed raw data, quted material that is t lng fr the text, prcedural explanatins, r material that is pertinent but smewhat tangential, etc.) may be placed in an appendix. New page: Each appendix must start at the tp f a new page. Each appendix must have its wn designatin (e.g. Appendix A, Appendix B) and its wn title. D nt create a superrdinate Appendices page r heading. Designatin If there is a single appendix, the designatin is simply Appendix (nt Appendix A). If there is mre than ne appendix, each is designated by a letter (e.g. Appendix A, Appendix B, Appendix C..., nt Appendix 1, Appendix 2, Appendix 3 r Appendix I, Appendix II, r Appendix III). The appendix title appears n the line belw the designatin. There is the usual duble-space between the designatin line and the title line. Put tw duble-spaced after the title. All elements are centered and capitalized. Example (Please read and heed the instructins in this example.) APPENDIX B INSTRUCTIONS FOR LINE SPACING This is the first line f text f Appendix B. The line spacing is duble. After writing Appendix B, yu hit enter nce (giving yu ne duble-space). After writing the title, hit enter twice (result: tw duble-spaces). Paginatin: All appendices receive paginatin in cntinuatin frm the main text. 28

29 5.2.2 Reference list See Samples dcuments S9 and S10. References indicate the surces f infrmatin used in the study f yur tpic. They recgnize the wrk f thers and prvide a reliable way fr readers t lcate them. Style: All theses are expected t use APA fr in-text citatins and the references. Fr detailed infrmatin, please cnsult a cpy in yur department r at the Bğaziçi University Library. There are als useful resurces available nline. Please refer t under Resurces, examples, and tls. Start a new page fr the list f references. Heading: The heading References must appear all in capital letters at the tp f the first page f the references sectin, centered. Spacing Leave tw duble-spaces after the page heading. Individual entries are single-spaced, with a duble-space between entries. Indentatin: Indent the secnd and subsequent lines f each reference. Use a hanging indent. (Ggle hw t create hanging indent t learn hw t d this.) Order: All dcuments cited in yur thesis must appear in the References sectin, listed alphabetically accrding t the surname f the first authr, r by title if n authr is given. Authrs Invert all authrs names, that is, last name first. Give surnames and initials, in line with APA style (e.g. Surname, A. A., Surname, B. B., & Surname, C. C.). Fr example, the 2009 bk by tw authrs, Jhn R. Miller and Michael Weiler, wuld be represented as fllws: Miller, J. R., & Weiler, M. (2009) nte the spacing after each punctuatin mark. Order f names: Authrs' names are t be listed in the rder in which they appear n the surce dcument. D nt rearrange the names f the authrs f a multi-authred wrk int alphabetical rder. Grup/rganizatin as authr: Write ut the name f the grup authr in full, e.g. UNHCR shuld be written ut as The United Natins High Cmmissin fr Refugees. Bk titles Jurnal titles Use sentence case. Please refer t Tips dcument T8 fr details. Bk titles are italicized. Example: Riding the waves f culture: Understanding cultural diversity in business Use title case. Please refer t Tips dcument T8 fr details. Jurnal titles are italicized. Example: Jurnal f Multilingual and Multicultural Develpment Write the full name f the jurnal; d nt abbreviate. Example: Internatinal Jurnal f Applied Linguistics (nt IJAL). URLs: All URLs in the reference list must be unlinked (as in the rest f the thesis). 29