Human Posture Analysis

Transcription

1 Human Posture Analysis Page 1 Preface Using This Guide Where to Find More Information Conventions What's New? Getting Started Creating a Manikin User Tasks Using the Posture Editor Segments Degree of Freedom Value Display Predefined Postures Selecting or Editing the DOF (Degree of Freedom) Displaying and Editing Angular Limitations Angular Limitations Undo/Redo Direct Kinematics Selecting Manikin Display Attributes Library Management Load Angular Limitations Save Angular Limitations Locking and Unlocking DOFs Editing Preferred Angles

2 Preferred Angles: Reset, Mirror Copy, and Swap Functionality Using the Postural Score Adapting Range of Motion to Keep Best Posture Page 2 Workbench Description Human Posture Analysis Menu Bar Current Workbench Return to Previous Workbench Utilities Toolbar Angular Limitations Toolbar Preferred Angle Toolbar Glossary Index

3 Preface Page 3 Human Posture Analysis is based on a best-in-class human modeling system which, for many years, has permitted detailed investigation into humancentered design issues in the context of a workplace before it physically exists. Human Posture Analysis focuses on how human posture can affect task performance by analyzing local and global postures, preferred angles, and comfort. Human Posture Analysis permits users to quantitatively and qualitatively analyze all aspects of manikin posture. Whole body and localized postures can be examined, scored, iterated, and optimized to determine operator comfort and performance throughout the complete range of task motion in accordance with published comfort databases. User-friendly dialog boxes provide postural information for all segments of the manikin. Color-coding techniques ensure that problem areas can be quickly identified and iterated to optimize posture. Human Posture Analysis allows users to create specific comfort and strength libraries to meet the needs of individual applications.

4 How to Use this Guide Page 4 This book describes how to use the Human Posture Analysis product. Before you read it, you should be familiar with basic concepts such as document windows, standard tool bars, and view tool bars. If you are new user, start with the tutorial in the Getting Started section. The User Tasks section of the book provides procedures for using the features of the Human Posture Analysis product. A Workbench Description section describes each functional icon or command in the workbenches. The Glossary provides definitions of terms specific to Human Posture Analysis and related products.

5 Where to Find More Information Prior to reading this book, we recommend that you read the Human Builder User Guide. We also recommend: Human Measurements Editor Human Activities Analysis Conventions Page 5

6 Conventions Page 6 Certain conventions are used in CATIA, ENOVIA & DELMIA documentation to help you recognize and understand important concepts and specifications. Graphic Conventions The three categories of graphic conventions used are as follows: Graphic conventions structuring the tasks Graphic conventions indicating the configuration required Graphic conventions used in the table of contents Graphic Conventions Structuring the Tasks Graphic conventions structuring the tasks are denoted as follows: This icon... Identifies... estimated time to accomplish a task a target of a task the prerequisites the start of the scenario a tip a warning information basic concepts methodology reference information information regarding settings, customization, etc. the end of a task functionalities that are new or enhanced with this Release. allows you to switch back the full-window viewing mode. Graphic Conventions Indicating the Configuration Required

7 Graphic conventions indicating the configuration required are denoted as follows: Page 7 This icon... Indicates functions that are... specific to the P1 configuration specific to the P2 configuration specific to the P3 configuration Graphic Conventions Used in the Table of Contents Graphic conventions used in the table of contents are denoted as follows: This icon... Gives access to... Text Conventions Site Map Split View mode What's New? Overview Getting Started Basic Tasks User Tasks or the Advanced Tasks Workbench Description Customizing Reference Methodology Glossary Index The following text conventions are used: The titles of CATIA, ENOVIA and DELMIA documents appear in this manner throughout the text. File -> New identifies the commands to be used. Enhancements are identified by a blue-colored background on the text. How to Use the Mouse

8 Page 8 The use of the mouse differs according to the type of action you need to perform. Use this Whenever you read... mouse button... Select (menus, commands, geometry in graphics area,...) Click (icons, dialog box buttons, tabs, selection of a location in the document window,...) Double-click Shift-click Ctrl-click Check (check boxes) Drag Drag and drop (icons onto objects, objects onto objects) Drag Move Right-click (to select contextual menu)

9 What's New? Page 9 New Functionalities There is no new functionality in this release.

10 Getting Started Page 10 This tutorial provides an overview of Human Posture Analysis functionalities. It provides a step-by-step scenario showing you how to use key functions. The task described in this section is:

11 Creating a Manikin Page 11 If you do not have an active product with a manikin, follow these steps to create a manikin. If you already have an active product containing a manikin, proceed to step Go to the Start menu (see below). 2. From the Start menu, select Ergonomics Design & Analysis -> Human Posture Analysis to create a new manikin. 3. Under the Manikin tab, select the father product, enter a name for the manikin, set the gender, and the percentile. Under the Optional tab, set the population, model-type, referential,

12 and choose whether or not to set the referential to a compass location. Page If you already have an active product containing a manikin, select the manikin or double-click a segment.

13 User Tasks Page 13 These are the tasks that a user performs using Human Posture Analysis:

14 Using the Posture Editor Page 14 This task describes the functions of the Posture Editor and how to use them to move manikin segments. The Posture Editor is a tool used to move manikin segments in forward kinematics. The segments or degrees of freedom (DOF) are moved one step at a time. This tool allows you to give a precise value to each degree of freedom of every joint. The manikin's structure consists of 68 articulated joints with 6 coupled joints (range of motion can depend on the position of a neighbor joint). 1. Select the Posture Editor icon. The Posture Editor dialog box is displayed on the screen when the manikin is selected.

15 Page 15 The Posture Editor dialog box is divided into five sections: The Degrees of Freedom can be modified either through the Value section or through their graphical representations.

16 Segments Page 16 This page describes the Segment section functionality of the Posture Editor dialog box. Displayed below the manikin name is a list of human body segments corresponding to the selection made in the Part menu. Click on the name of the segment in the list to select it. Part:

17 Page 17 The Part options menu allows you to choose the category of body segments to edit on the manikin The three categories listed are: 1. Hand: Edit the segments of the hand including the center of prehension. 2. Spine: Edit the segments making up the spinal column of the manikin. 3. Other: Edit all articulated segments excluding hand and spine segments. Other is the default option when the dialog box opens. Side: When you edit certain segments such as the arm, you can choose which side you want to work with: Left or Right. Left is the default option when the dialog box opens.

18 Degree of Freedom Page 18 This page describes the Degree of Freedom (DOF) functionality of the Posture Editor dialog box. 1. From the Degree of Freedom list, you can choose from three types of DOFs: flexion/extension abduction/adduction medial rotation/lateral rotation The default when the dialog box opens is flexion/extension.

19 Page 19 A segment can have up to three DOFs. Examples of possible segment DOFs are: The forearm has two DOFs: flexion/extension pronation/supination The arm has three DOFs flexion/extension abduction/adduction medial rotation/lateral rotation

20 Page 20 Each of the DOF types, flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and medial rotation/lateral rotation, also have specific movement types. These are: DOF Movement Type Axis flexion extension dorsiflexion hyperextension transversal abduction adduction medial rotation lateral rotation eversion, ulnar deviation, elevation inversion, radial deviation, depression supination pronation sagittal coronal

21 Page 21

22 Value Page 22 This page describes the Value functionality of the Posture Editor dialog box. Use the Value functionality to assign a precise posture to a segment. The value of the DOF is presented in angle and in percentage of the total range of motion (%). Value percentage slider

23 Page 23 The percentage (%) slider corresponds to the value in percentage of the total range of motion for the selected DOF. This value can be edited directly by sliding the cursor with the left mouse button. Value spinner This field allows you to enter a specific value in degrees using the keyboard. You can increment or decrement to segment rotation one unit at a time using the small arrows at the right end of this field. You can also change the step by using the spinner's contextual menu. Motion The motion field corresponds to the direction of movement, 0 degrees being the neutral point. Coupling: The range of motion (flexibility, functional limitation) for six pairs of segments on the manikin can be coupled, i.e., conditional to the position of another joint. These segments are: the claviculars, the arms, the forearms, the thighs, the legs, and the ankles. Coupling modifies the range of motion of these segments only. It has no effect on any relationship that may exist between other body segments.

24 By default, coupling is inactive. Page 24

25 Display Page 25 This task describes the Display functionality of the Posture Editor dialog box. The Display function has two options: Angular Limitations and Animate Viewpoint. Angular Limitations (chart)

26 This check button displays or hides the graphical representation of the angular limitations for each degree of freedom. Two arrows limit this range of motion, which is set by default at the 50th percentile of the population. The green arrow shows the upper limit The yellow arrow shows the lower limit The blue arrow represents the segment's current position Page 26 Animate Viewpoint This option zooms on the selected segment and changes the viewpoint in order to provide the best possible view for that degree of freedom. This improves the range of motion chart display and as well as the capability to better manipulate the blue arrow.

27 Page 27

28 Predefined Postures Page 28 This task describes the Predefined Postures functionality of the Posture Editor dialog box.

29 Page 29 Use the Predefined Postures functionality to assign a predefined posture to the manikin. From the Predefined Postures list, choose from the six available postures. Stand Sit

30 Page 30 You can also select the manikin node in the specification tree. Rightclick the mouse to activate the contextual menu and choose Posture- >Sit.

31 Page 31 Reach

32 Page 32 Extended Reach

33 Page 33 Span

34 Page 34 Kneel

35 Page 35

36 Selecting or Editing the DOF (degrees of freedom) This procedure describes how to select or edit the manikin's DOF (degree of freedom). The DOF icon represents the movement being edited. For example, the DOF can be flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, rotation, etc. 1. Click on the Activate DOF icon to access the list of all available DOFs corresponding to the active segment (maximum of three). 2. Click one icon to select the corresponding DOF. 3. The system automatically modifies the viewpoint of the segment by a zoom corresponding to the DOF being selected. DOF1 Page 36 DOF2

37 Page 37 DOF3

38 Page 38 Displaying and Editing Angular Limitations This procedure describes how to display the values of the angular limitations for the DOF (degrees of freedom) that is currently active. It also describes how to set angular limitations as a percentage. 1. Select the Edit Angular Limitations icon and then select a segment. The limits arrows are displayed. These arrows are set by default at the mean values of movement limits. The colored region represents the total range of motion for that DOF. The green arrow shows the upper limit. The yellow arrow shows the lower limit. The blue arrow is used to change the position of the active segment. Selecting another segment while the command is running opens the angular limitations for the new segment and closes them for the previous one.

39 Page When you double-click the limits arrows, the Angular Limitations dialog box appears (see below). Using this dialog box, you can unlock the angular limits and modify the values directly with the sliders, the spinners, or by using the left mouse button to manipulate the spinner arrows. Select the Reset button to return to the default values. Select the Close button to exit the dialog box. 3. Select the Edit Angular Limitations icon to close the command and hide the angular limits arrows. Setting angular limitations as a percentage With this command, you can change the angular limitations of one or many degrees of freedom at once according to the percentage you choose. This percentage value represents the desired portion of population that must be able to reach the limit. At manikin creation, all angular limitations are set to limits that 50% of the population can reach. Using the Set Angular Limitations as a Percentage command, you may want to restrict (i.e., accommodate a narrower percentage of population) or widen (i.e., accommodate a larger percentage of population) these limits for a specific requirement of the population study. 1. Select a segment of the manikin. Hold down the Ctrl key on the keyboard to select more than one segment.

40 Page Select the Set Angular Limitations as a Percentage icon. The following dialog box is displayed: A read-only text field show the currently selected segments (or lines of sight) and their current degree of freedom. 3. Choose a percentile between 0 and 100 with the spinner. 4. Click on OK to confirm the modification of press Cancel to cancel the action. By clicking OK, both limits (min and max) of all degrees of freedom selected will take the specified percentage. The modification cannot be done if the selected degree of freedom is locked with a value that would be outside the new limits. In this case, the following dialog box is displayed:

41 Angular Limitations Undo/Redo Page 41 This procedure describes how to use the Undo/Redo feature with angular limitations. Undo/Redo allows you to reverse (cancel) the last angular limitation parameters applied to the manikin. Undo Click the Undo icon in the Standard toolbar to execute the Undo command. To load a library of angular limitations, see the library management task, Load Angular Limitations. The images below show the state of a manikin after applying the Undo command to a particular set of angular parameters. Initial angular limitations New angular limitations applied Undo command applied Redo This command repeats the last cancelled action. Click the Redo icon menu toolbar to execute the Redo command. in the main A Redo operation can also be undone. For example, you can restore the last angular

42 limitation parameters by invoking the Undo command. Page 42 Redo applied Undo applied In the current version of the Human Posture Analysis product, the angular limitations Undo/Redo applies to the following operations: Applying a set of angular limitations from a library.

43 Direct Kinematics Page 43 This procedure describes how to manipulate manikin segments. When you select the Edit Angular Limitations icon or the Edit Preferred Angles icon a blue arrow is displayed. You can change the position of the active segment by manipulating the blue arrow. The cursor changes to pickable when it is moved over the blue arrow. Press and hold down the left mouse button to manipulate the blue arrow and the segment.

44 Selecting Manikin Display Attributes This procedure describes how to access the various display attributes available for your manikin. 1. Select the Display Attributes icon. The Display Attributes dialog box is displayed. Page The manikin can be displayed using three different types of attributes: segments, ellipses, and surfaces. To change the manikin display, select the attribute type by activating the corresponding toggle button. 3. Various attribute display types can be selected at the same time. Segments

45 Page 45 Ellipses

46 Page 46 Surfaces

47 Page The line of sight is designed to facilitate the manipulation of the manikin's field of vision. It can be selected as any other segment of the manikin.

48 Page The center of gravity cannot be selected and manipulated. If you manipulate any segment of the manikin, the center of gravity is dynamically updated. 6. By default, the manikin display is set to surfaces with a resolution of 32. The range of this parameter is from 4 to 128. Surface resolution: 4

49 Page 49 Surface resolution: 128

50 Page 50

51 Library Management Page 51 This procedure describes the commands that allow you to create, read, and update angular limitations and preferred angles libraries. A library is a collection of manikin-related data (i.e., postures, angular limitations, anthropometries, preferred angles, etc.) saved into a binary file. This file type usually bears the extension.swl. The two library management commands are:

52 Load Angular Limitations Page 52 This command allows you to load an existing library file. 1. Select the Load Library icon. The Open Human Library File dialog box is displayed. 2. Enter a file name and click Open. The Load Human Library dialog box is displayed showing the contents of the selected file.

53 Page Select an item and click Apply (or double-click the item). The progress indicator at the bottom of the window shows the load action. Depending on the type of item selected, select the Edit Angular Limitations icon or the Edit Preferred Angles icon to display the newly loaded values.

54 Page Select an item in the list and click on Remove to remove the item. 5. Select Close to exit from the dialog box.

55 Save Angular Limitations Command This command allows you to save the preferred angles of the angular limitations in a library file. 1. Select the Save in Library icon. The Save in Human Library dialog box is displayed. Page Select the Browse icon. The Select Library File dialog box is displayed.

56 Page Enter a file name or select one and click Open. If the file does not exist, a confirmation window is displayed to create it. 4. In the Save in Human Library dialog box, select the type to be saved from the Selection choices. 5. Click OK. The file is saved automatically and the progress indicator shows the save action. If the description is missing, an error window is displayed. 6. Select Cancel to exit the dialog box or to cancel the save action.

57 Page 57 Locking and Unlocking Degrees of Freedom (DOF) This tasks describes how to lock and unlock individual manikin degrees of freedom. Locking a degree of freedom means that the corresponding segment will not move by this DOF, either in forward kinematics or in inverse kinematics. The Lock/Unlock command will lock/unlock the current active DOF on the selected segments. The current active degree of freedom is indicated by the DOF icon. It is possible to lock/unlock the entire manikin for one particular degree of freedom if the Body node is selected in the specification tree when activating the lock/unlock command. For more information on locking and unlocking degrees of freedom, read the following sections: Locking DOFs Unlocking DOFs A manikin must be created or imported to complete the following procedures. Locking DOFs 1. To lock a degree of freedom, select the lock icon and then select the segment(s) to be locked. Multiple segments can be locked at the same time if they are pre-selected before the activation of the command. If the operation is successful, a message window will appear displaying the segments that have been locked.

58 Page Follow these steps to discover the existing locked segments on a specific manikin: a. Access the manikin Properties panel. To do this, right-click on the manikin from the product tree and select Properties. OR select Edit -> Properties from the main menu. The Properties panel appears.

59 Page 59 b. Select the Manikin tab which is the last tab of the panel. c. Select the Lock sub-tab which is dedicated to lock/unlock management. A selection list displays the names of the DOFs that are currently locked. Unlocking DOFs There are two ways to unlock DOFs: through the Properties panel with the Unlock icon

60 Page 60 Unlocking DOFs through the Properties panel 1. Access the manikin Properties panel. 2. Select the Lock sub-tab of the Manikin tab. 3. Select the DOF(s) that must be unlocked. 4. Click on the Unlock button. The selected DOFs are removed from the list. 5. Press the Apply button. The Apply button must be clicked to unlock the selected DOFs. Failure to do so will cause the operation to remain incomplete. Unlocking DOFs with the Unlock icon Select the Unlock icon, then select the segment(s) to be unlocked. Multiple segments can be unlocked at the same time if they are pre-selected before activation of the command. If the operation is successful, a message window will appear displaying the segments that have been unlocked.

61 Editing Preferred Angles Page 61 This procedure describes how to use the Edit Preferred Angles command. By dividing the total range of motion of the manikin into a certain number of ranges, it is possible to compute a global and a local score that quantifies the current posture. The Edit Preferred Angles command enables the user to define these ranges on individual DOFs. Selecting another segment while the command is running opens the Preferred angles dialog box for the new segment and closes it for the previous one. 1. Select the Edit Preferred Angles icon and then select a segment. The white arrows are displayed.

62 Page With the right mouse button, click anywhere in the white range of motion region to display the contextual data. Click on an option to activate it. Edit... Displays the Preferred Angles dialog box, makes the perimeter zone of the preferred angle being edited become red. You can modify the values of the arrows with the mouse or with the Preferred Angles dialog box. Add Displays the Preferred Angles dialog box and splits the selected

63 Page 63 range in half. You can modify the values of the arrows with the mouse or with the Preferred Angles dialog box. Remove Removes the selected preferred angle. 3. The Preferred Angles dialog box can be used to modify preferred angles.

64 Page 64 This dialog box contains the following elements: The name of the active body element The name of the active degree of freedom An editor to rename the preferred angle A spinner to change the score of the preferred angle Spinners to change the values of the limits A combo to select the preferred angle's color A slider to modify the transparency of the graphical region Sliders to modify the values of the limits An icon to add or modify a memo

65 Page 65 Navigation buttons to select a preferred angle in the list (next, previous, first, last) 4. Click Close to exit from the Preferred Angles dialog box. 5. Click the Edit Preferred Angles icon to cancel the command and hide the arrows.

66 Preferred Angles: Reset, Mirror Copy, and Swap Functionality This procedure describes how to copy and modify more than one set of preferred angles using these functions: Reset Mirror Copy Swap For more information on preferred angles, see Editing Preferred Angles. To access these functions, right-click on a segment, a segment node, a body, or a manikin. The following contextual menu appears: Page 66

67 Page 67 Reset The preferred angles of the segments selected will be erased and will return to their default state. The default state of the preferred angles in the following: only one preferred angle on the angular limitation range a score of zero a white color a transparency of 127

68 Page 68 Mirror Copy

69 Page 69 The mirror copy function will copy the preferred angles of the selected segment (in all degrees of freedom) onto the opposite side of the manikin. Mirror copy functionality can only be applied to segments that have an equivalent segment on the other side. If there is no equivalent segment, Mirror Copy will be disabled in the contextual menu. It is also disabled in the contextual menu when you select the entire manikin or the "Body" node. Swap The preferred angles of each selected segment will be copied to the opposite side of the manikin and vice versa. If a segment does not have an equivalent on the opposite side, Swap will be disabled in the contextual menu.

70 Using and Optimizing the Postural Score Page 70 This procedure describes how to use the List and Chart displays in the Postural Score Analysis dialog box and optimize the postural score. It also describes how to set segment coloring and how to customize the list and chart display in the Postural Score Analysis dialog box. The postural score feature is used to evaluate the manikin's posture. Once the preferred angles have been specified or loaded from a library, you can evaluate the posture using the postural score function. Click the Postural Score Analysis icon. The Postural Score Analysis dialog box is displayed with the List display as default. Filters This combo lists the specific DOFs that may be chosen as well as the choice of an average of all DOFs. Spine and Hand Choose the Whole Spine option to see all vertebras as one element. The score of that element will be the average score of all vertebras. This is the default. Choose the Each Vertebras option to see and score each vertebra individually. Choose the Whole Hand option to regroup each part of the fingers into a global element. This is the default. Choose the Each Fingers option to see and score each finger individually.

71 Page 71 Using the List display This is the default display and shows the percentage scores as a list. Both the List view and the Chart view contain the following elements: Global Score Represents the total score of the posture for all the segments combined. In this example, the manikin scores 11 points out of a possible 22, representing 50.00%. Current Score Gives the average score of all the items currently displayed in the list. Selected Score Represents the score of the posture for all selected items on the multi-list. In this example, the local score is 7 points out of a possible 9, representing 77.78%. Favorites Customizable, this displays preferred angles that are always displayed even if they have never been edited. By default a segment with a preferred angle is displayed even if it is not in the Favorites list. Customize this in the Tools->Options->Ergonomics Design->Human Posture Analysis- >Postural Score tab. The first Display field lists available segments. Choose one or select more than one using the Ctrl key. Move them into back and forth from the Available field to the Favorites field with the and buttons. Use the and buttons to move entire lists back and forth. Use the buttons to move favorite segments up or down in the sorting order.

72 Page 72 Using the Chart display Select the Chart radio button to view the percentage scores as charts. The Chart view also contains the same basic elements as the List display. The text for selected segments are turn blue. Customizing bar colors To customize chart bar colors, select Tools->Options->Ergonomics Design->Human Posture Analysis->Postural Score tab. Colors may be individualized for the whole hand, the whole spine, the global score, the current score, and the selected score.

73 Page 73 Segment Coloring Access to segment coloring is through the Properties dialog box. 1. Right-click the manikin in the specification tree and select Properties from the contextual menu. The Properties dialog box appears. 2. In the Manikin tab, select the Coloring sub-tab. Show Colors: These radio buttons are used to enable and disable the coloring. None deactivates the coloring. All activates the coloring. All but Maximum Scores activates the coloring on all segments except those with scores at their maximum. This feature can be used, for instance, to display colors only if the manikin goes out of its comfort zone. Degree of Freedom This combo is used to choose the degree of freedom to activate. This combo is enabled only if the coloring feature is active.

74 Page 74 Flexion/Extension (DOF1) The color shown for each segment is the color of the preferred angle defined for DOF1 of the corresponding segment, if it exists. Otherwise, no coloring is applied. Abduction/Adduction(DOF2) The color shown for each segment is the color of the preferred angle defined for DOF2 of the corresponding segment, if it exists. Otherwise, no coloring is applied. Rotation (DOF3) The color shown for each segment is the color of the preferred angle defined for DOF3 of the corresponding segment, if it exists. Otherwise, no coloring is applied. Worst DOF The color shown for each segment is the color of the preferred angle defined for the lowest scoring DOF of the corresponding segment, if it exists. Otherwise, no coloring is applied. Element to color: These checkboxes are used to select the parts that will change color. They are enabled only if the coloring feature is active. Optimizing the postural score In the Preferred Angles toolbar, select the Find Best Posture command. This command changes the position of the body so as to maximize the global postural score of the manikin (i.e., yield a perfect score). If this command is invoked and there are no preferred angles or if the manikin is already in an optimal posture, the following message is displayed:

75 Adapting Range of Motion to Keep Best Posture The purpose of this task is to set the angular limitations of the selected segments so that these limitations correspond to the best range of motion, that is, the range of motion where the postural score is the highest. Please refer to Editing Preferred Angles for information on how to create preferred angles and assign scores to individual ranges of motion. Page To optimize the range of motion of any particular set of segments, first select the desired segment(s) and then click on the Optimize Posture icon. For each selected segment and for the current active degree of freedom, the command looks for all preferred angles created that have been assigned scores. The command then sets the angular limitations to the range containing the highest score. When this command is run, the posture of the segment(s) may change in order to reflect the new angular limitations. It is possible to use this command to optimize the posture of the manikin as a whole. To do this, select the Body node in the specification tree before activation the Optimize Posture command. This is particularly useful if the manikin's movements must be restricted to the "comfort zone". The postural score of such a manikin will stay at its highest, no matter how the manikin is moved. For more details, please refer to Using the Postural Score. It is possible that some or all of the selected segments may contain no preferred angle information or some of the angles may be locked. In these cases, and these cases only, the Optimize Posture command might fail. If the command fails for a subset of the selected segments, a message window will appear displaying the list of segments for which the optimization failed.

76 Page To reset the angular limitations of a manikin, select the segments that must be reset and click on the Reset to Default Angular Limitations icon.

77 Workbench Description Page 77 The Human Posture Analysis Version 5 application window looks like this. Click the hotspots to see the related documentation.

78 Human Posture Analysis Menu Bar Start File Edit View Insert Tools Window Help Page 78 Start For Human Posture Analysis See Creating a Manikin Tools For See Active DOF -> Selecting the DOF Display Angular Limitations Selecting Manikin Display Attributes Displaying and Editing Angular Limitations

79 Optimize/Reset -> Set Angular Limitations with Percentage Lock/Unlock -> Open Safework Library Save in Safework Library Preferred Angles Postural Score Page 79 Adapting Range of Motion to Keep Best Posture Displaying and Editing Angular Limitations Locking and Unlocking DOFs Library Management Library Management Editing Preferred Angles Using the Postural Score

80 Current Workbench Page 80 Shows the icon of the current workbench. When selected, a welcome dialog box is displayed.

81 Return to Previous Workbench Page 81 Exits the current workbench and returns you to the previous workbench.

82 Utilities Toolbar Page 82 See the Active DOF toolbar, below. See Selecting Manikin Display Attributes See Selecting the DOF See Selecting the DOF See Selecting the DOF

83 Angular Limitations Toolbar Page 83 See Displaying and Editing Angular Limitations See Adapting Range of Motion to Keep Best Posture See Adapting Range of Motion to Keep Best Posture See Displaying and Editing Angular Limitations See Locking and Unlocking DOFs See Locking and Unlocking DOFs See Library Management See Library Management

84 Preferred Angle Toolbar Page 84 See Editing Preferred Angles See Using the Postural Score See Using the Postural Score

85 Glossary Page 85 A abduction adduction angular limitations anthropometry The movement of a limb away from the median, or midline, of the body. The movement of a limb toward the median, or midline, of the body. The manikin's joint limitations. The study of proportional relationships between the shape, weight and size of body segments. C coronal axis The vertical axis perpendicular to the transverse plane that is dividing the body into superior and inferior portions. D degree(s) of freedom Each linear or rotary movement along or about a given axis. Manikin segments can have up to three DOFs. DOF dorsiflexion E degree(s) of freedom Ankle upward flexion movement elevation eversion extension Shoulder abduction movement Ankle abduction movement The act of straightening a limb at a joint.

86 Page 86 F flexion The act of bending a limb at a joint, thus forming an angle. H hyperextension Extending the extremity beyond anatomical position. I inversion Ankle adduction movement L lateral rotation line of sight The rotation of a body part away from the median, or midline, of the body. Designed to facilitate the manipulation of the manikin's field of vision. It can be selected as any other segment of the manikin. M manikin medial rotation A virtual human. The rotation of a body part toward the median, or midline, of the body. P postural score posture A function used to evaluate the manikin's posture. The position of the whole manikin (global posture) or of parts of the manikin such as hand posture (local posture).

87 Page 87 R radial deviation range of motion Wrist adduction movement (toward the radial bone, on the thumb side of the arm). The range of translation and rotation of a joint for each of its degrees of freedom. S sagittal axis segment supination Horizontal axis in the anterior-posterior orientation. This axis is perpendicular to the coronal plane that is dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions. A section of the manikin such as forearm, neck, thigh, ankle, etc. The movement of the forearm so that the hand rests palm up on a surface. T transversal axis Horizontal axis in the left-right orientation. This axis is perpendicular to the sagittal plane that is dividing the body into left and right portions. U ulnar deviation The entire area that can be seen when the eye is forward, including peripheral vision.

88 Index Page 88 A Angular Limitations toolbar angular limitations, displaying editing loading redo saving setting as a percentage undo C center of gravity, selecting commands Activate DOF 1 Activate DOF 2 Activate DOF 3 Display Attributes Edit Angular Limitations Edit Preferred Angles Load Library Mirror Copy Preferred Angles Optimize Posture Postural Score Analysis Posture Editor

89 Page 89 Reset Preferred Angles Reset to Default Angular Limitations Save in Library Set Angular Limitations as a Percentage Swap Preferred Angles creating a manikin Current Workbench toolbar D degrees of freedom editing locking unlocking degrees of freedom (DOF) selecting dialog box, Preferred Angles direct kinematics E editing preferred angles ellipses, selecting K kinematics, direct

90 L Page 90 library management line of sight, selecting M manikin, creating menu bar, Start P postural score optimizing postural score, analysis using Posture Editor dialog box degree of freedom display predefined postures segments value Posture Editor, using Preferred Angle toolbar preferred angles mirror copy reset swap Preferred Angles dialog box preferred angles, editing

91 Page 91 R range of motion, adapting to keep best posture resolution, manikin display Return to Previous Workbench toolbar S segments, selecting selecting, center of gravity ellipses line of sight manikin display attributes segments surfaces surfaces, selecting T toolbars, Angular Limitations Current Workbench Preferred Angle Return to Previous Workbench Utilities

92 Page 92 U Utilities toolbar W workbench description